smart fire fighting and cyber-physical systems (cps)
TRANSCRIPT
Smart Fire Fighting and
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
The Next Five Years in Fire and Electrical Safety
NOVEMBER 13, 2013
WASHINGTON, DC
Anthony Hamins, Al Jones, Nelson Bryner, Tony Putorti
Dan Madrzykowski, Chris Overholt, Craig Weinschenk
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
What are Cyber-Physical Systems?
Massive integration of
wireless networks,
advanced sensors, 3D
simulations, and cloud
services enabling a
new generation of
Smart Systems.
Images©Shutterstock.com
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– Global data collection, central analytics, targeted
decision making
– Real time information, where and when it is needed
– Total cost estimated at $300B+
– 70,000 firefighter injuries
• 45% on fireground
• 25% are moderate or severe
Why Apply CPS to Firefighting?
• Fire losses/costs still too high
• Fire scene is an information-poor environment
• CPS offers opportunities previously unimaginable
– Lack of information on location of fire fighters, victims,
& fire
– Lack of data on thermal conditions, gas-phase species,
smoke,…
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• Real-time data extremely limited
• Small teams take action based on local observables
• Some teams interact with IC over radio
• IC directs action based on limited available information
Today’s Information-Poor Fire Ground
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- Not all teams in real-time communications with IC
- IC uses info and knowledge to build a mental model
- IC uses mental model to issue commands to the teams
- IC may not know the outcome of individual commands
- IC may not know success or failure until end of an event
- Few sensors
- Limited communication links
- Fire fighters observe, analyze, and act
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Current State of Fire Fighting:
• Fire losses are too large
• Fire fighting is hazardous
• Fire ground is chaotic
Proposal:
Use CPS to provide an information-rich
environment, data analytics, and real-time
decision tools to improve fire protection and
the safety and effectiveness of fire fighters 5
Historical Perspective
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Cyber-Physical
Systems
Buildings
& Structures
Fire Fighting
Transportation
Production
Healthcare
Warfighting
Infrastructure
Images©Shutterstock.com
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NY 311 Noise Map Autonomous vehicles
Augmented reality
“Urban Science”
Big Data analytics
Smart Clothing
Emerging Technologies and Fire Fighting
Smartphone Apps
Satellite information Fully interoperable
equipment
Robotics
Real-time data from
distributed sources
Under-Armour
E-39 shirt
Google glasses Adidas adizero f50
boot
Shadow C6M
Smart Hand
Drones
BACnet
Apple iphone
Smart Fire Fighting Framework
FF
FF
FF Relocate team
FF FF
Disparate Information
(sensor data & databases)
FF
FF
FF
FF IC Building
City
Police EMS
County
Collect, analyze, process data • Databases on building layout and fire protection features
• Physiological data forecasting fire fighter health
• Sensor data assimilated by models to predict fire growth
• SOPs, best practices, lessons learned to inform tactics
IC
Replace Air
Cylinders Suppress
Fire
Select Information
(recommended actions)
Weather Traffic 9
Paradigm Shift Smart Fire Fighting
From:
• Untapped/unavailable data
• Lack of awareness
• Local information-poor decisions
• Tradition-based tactics
• Isolated equipment and building
elements
• Human operations
To:
• Data collection, analysis & communication
• Sensors everywhere
• Global information-rich decision making
• Data-driven physics-based tactics
• Interconnected equipment and building
monitoring, data, and control systems
• Human controlled operations
Flame Sim
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www.wikimedia.org
Better Equipment, Controls, Technologies
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Smart Fire Fighting Enterprise
13 13
Wilson Hospital, Wilson, North Carolina
An Early CPS Demonstration
En Route Screen On Scene Screen 14
CPS Platform Technology Gaps
• Systems-engineering based architectures and standards
• Control, communications, and interoperability
• Wireless sensing and actuation
• Diagnostics and prognostics
• Reliability
• Integration with legacy systems
• Validation and verification
• Cyber-security, assurance and certification
• Scalability and complexity management
• Deep-physics and digital world model integration
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NIST’s Work on Smart Fire Fighting
What’s Next?
• Research Needs Roadmap - September 2014
– Identification of technology development priorities
– Foundation for standardization efforts (NFPA, IEEE, NEMA,…)
• CPS Smart Fire fighting Testbed
– Fire hose water flow rate
– SCBA air management
• Robotic Fire Suppression
– Encourage technology development through RoboCup
competitions
– Benchmark performance using standardized tests
Summary
• Fire losses and costs still too high
• CPS has a critical role in the future of fire
fighting
• Significant research issues remain
• NIST has programmatic efforts underway to help
advance Smart Fire Fighting
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Thank You
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Develop methods and standards to supply information
from municipal databases and building systems to
public safety officials/emergency responders in
electronic formats during incident response
• Information content
• Representation
• Storage
• Access
• Transport
• Presentation
NIST Project Goal
Potential Standards
Montgomery County Maryland
Emergency Command Center
R&D Grand Challenges
• Diagnostics & prognostics for evolving complex,
dynamic systems
• Multi-scale, multi-physics, multi-temporal modeling
• Including uncertainty and risk into reasoning and
decision-making
• Modeling levels of autonomy and optimizing the
roles of humans