smart energy generation and management system
TRANSCRIPT
Smart Energy Generation and Management Systemby EnerGeneration, Inc (EGY, Inc)
Course: ETLS 881Presenter: Alex Palamari
OutlineSummary and Introduction
- Executive Summary- Overall Design Approach
System Overview- Project Overview and Summary - High Level System Overview- Organizational Structure- User Needs- System Requirements- Operational Node Connectivity- Data Elements Table- Operational Activity View- Functional Analysis- System Architecture- Verification and Validation- Risk Management- User Interface
Summary and Conclusion
Smart Energy Generation and Management System (SEMS)
Executive Summary EGY, Inc is an organization responsible for the development of
the Smart Energy Generation and Management System (SEMS):- System of systems- Maximize the use of off the shelf components- Autonomous system and self teaching algorithms
Is there a need for SEMS: - Abundance of generation and storage components on
the market- Available components are not interconnected- Lack of feedback from a user to the energy management
system (symbiotic relationship) on consumer scale (non-industrial)
Overall Design Approach
Figure 1. “V” Diagram
Overall Design Approach (contd.) Utilized Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) products to
elicit SEMS customer needs, develop and manage system requirements, define requirements verification and validation (V&V) methods, and managed behaviors and interactions between subsystems
AV-1 Project Overview and SummaryOV-1 High Level System OverviewOV-2 Operational Resource Flow Graphic and Data Elements TableOV-4 Organizational Relationship ChartOV-5 Operational Activity Decomposition Tree
Project Overview and Summary SEMS- an autonomous energy management system that is capable of producing electrical energy from
renewable sources, storing produced energy, and managing distribution of energy.
Project Name: Smart Energy Generation and Management System (SEMS)Architects: Alexandr PalamariOrganization: EnerGeneration, Inc (EGY, Inc)Project Start Date: 9/1/2015Project Completion Date: 12/18/2015Approver: Robert J. Monson
Anthony Beck
Purpose: Develop an alternative energy system that generates, stores, and manages the distribution of electrical power from the renewable energy sources and conventional grid
Scope: Develop an alternative energy system for single household use:- Multi-source renewable energy (solar, piezoelectric- rainfall, wind) generation kits - Electrical energy monitoring and distribution system (smart grid)- Electrical energy storage solutions (batteries)
Mission: Reduce and/or eliminate consumer dependence on conventional energy sources and reduce inefficiencies associated with electrical energy transmission
Project Overview and Summary (contd.) Threats - System/ Subsystems costs
- Cyber Security- High Maintenance Costs- Energy companies- Lack of product demand- Not consumer friendly - Technophobic consumers - Environmental concerns (noise, vibrations, weather, protected lands/animals, aesthetics)- Federal Government and State Regulations- Human Factors- Form Factor (size, weight)
Geographical Region of Interest United States:- Minnesota
Rules, Conventions, Criteria Industry safety, federal, state and other applicable regulations shall be followed in creating the alternative energy system. The list of the applicable regulations will be researched after project approval by Robert Monson
Stakeholders - System Architects- Households (Consumers)- Neighborhoods/ Towns/ Cities (Consumers)- Green Movement- Software Developers- Internet Providers- Component Manufacturers- Energy Companies- Financial Institutions- Federal/ State/ Local Government- Investors
Findings - There is a wide variety of Off-the-Shelf energy generation products available (solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric)- There are similar pilot projects under way in Netherlands and Minneapolis, MN (energy co-ops) - Many companies already offer or are developing new home energy storage solutions (batteries)
Issues Complexity of alternative energy generation, storage and distribution
High Level System Overview
Elec
tric
al
Pane
l
Conventional Grid
Rainfall
Energy
Solar
Energy
Wind
Energy
Energy Generation Subsystem
Energy Storage
Battery
Power Inverter/Rectifier
Control Module
Processor
Display
Energy Management Subsystem
SEM
S Sy
stem Household
User
Power Needs
Supplied Power
Distributed Power
Data Exchange
Legend:
1
2
3
4
5
6
87
9
10 11
High Level System Overview (contd.)Icon Description
Renewable Energy Blocks Energy blocks (solar, rain, wind) are part of energy generation subsystem (wind turbine, solar cells, piezo-electric pad)
Grid The grid icon represent a conventional electrical grid
Vane Anemometer Weather stations. Measures temperature, pressure, wind speed/direction, humidity
Energy Management Subsystem Energy Management Subsystem combines energy storage, energy conversion, data processing, energy management and user interface (control module) functions
Electrical Panel Electrical panel icon represents the interface between SEMS and household electrical systemHousehold Household icon contains consumer electrical power needs
User Icon represents user. User can receive data and send commands to SEMS Power Management SystemArrow 1 (Lightning Bolt) Represents electrical energy generated by all three energy sources
Arrow 2 (Lightning Bolt) Represents energy sent from SEMS to the household for consumption (renewable energy)
Arrow 3 (Lightning Bolt) Represents excess generated energy transferred back to the grid
Arrow 4 (Lightning Bolt) Represents supplemental energy from the conventional electrical grid (when/if required)
Table 1. Operational Flow Description
High Level System Overview (contd.)Arrow 5 Battery state data (charge level, battery health and conditions, etc.)
Arrow 6 Command signals (return power to the grid, send power to the electrical panel, mode, etc.)
Arrow 7 User data request and setting commands
Arrow 8 User data (Energy use, energy profiles, battery status, etc.) transferred via wireless network
Arrow 9 Real-time weather data to Power Management Subsystem
Arrow 10 Control signals to energy generation subsystems
Arrow 11 Energy Generation Data
Table 1 (cont.). Operational Flow Description
High Level System Overview (contd.)
Rainfall
Energy
Solar
Energy
Wind
Energy
Energy Generation Subsystem
Energy Storage
Battery
Power Inverter/Rectifier
Control Module
Processor
Display
Energy Management Subsystem
SEM
S Sy
stem
System of systems Two major subsystems:
- Energy Generation Subsystema. Solar Panelsb. Wind turbinec. Piezo-electric platform
- Energy Management Subsystema. Control Moduleb. Energy Storage
Figure 2. SEMS Graphical Representation
High Level System Overview (contd.) There are 9 key requirements that define the intent of the system Fundamental to success of the system
Requirement ID Subsystem
The system shall generate electrical energy from the following sources:- sun - wind- rain (type of the equipment, generation capacity)
1 SEMS System
The system shall store energy from renewable sources and from conventional grid (storage capacity) 2 SEMS System
The system shall reduce household dependence on conventional energy sources 3 SEMS System
The system shall have following subsystems:- energy generation (EG)- energy management (EMS)
4 SEMS System
The system shall manage energy distribution 5 SEMS System
The system shall return excess generated energy to conventional grid 6 SEMS System
The system shall have capability to operate autonomously for at least 14-day period 12 SEMS System
The system shall balance energy supply between renewable and conventional energy sources 22 SEMS System
The system shall "learn" energy consumption profiles 51 SEMS System
Organizational Structure
Software Engineering Manager
Manufacturing
Engineering Manager
Supply Chain and Procureme
nt Manager
Program Manager
Engineering and Product Management Operations
System Engineer (Alex Palamari)
System Design EngineerElectrical EngineerSoftware Engineers
System Engineering and Integration Team
Manufacturing Engineer
Service TechniciansPurchasing
Product Safety EngineerDesigners
Technical Publications
Design Engineeri
ng Manager
Electrical Engineering Manager
Operations Manager
System Design EngineersElectrical EngineerSoftware Engineer
Manufacturing Engineer
Service TechnicianProduct Safety
EngineerDesignerPurchasingTechnical Publications-
User NeedsTranslated to System RequirementUser Need
Reduce dependence on conventional grid
The system shall return excess generated energy to conventional grid
The system shall reduce household monthly energy bill by at least 25%
The system shall reduce household dependence on conventional energy sources
Promote sustainable energy technologies
Safe (S/W and H/W)
The system shall have adequate protection from kinetic and non-kinetic threats
SEMS subsystems and components shall comply with the required safety regulations/standards
SEMS data shall be encrypted for privacy and security
The control module shall have fingerprint scanner and password protection for accessibility
User Needs (contd.)Translated to System RequirementUser Need
Generates energy (solar, wind, rain)
The system shall generate electrical energy from the following sources:- sun - wind- rain
The system shall have following subsystems:- energy generation (EG)- energy management (EMS)
The system shall use Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWTS) to generate wind energy
The system shall use photovoltaic cells to generate solar energy
The system shall use piezoelectric pad to generate rain energy
User Needs (contd.)Translated to System RequirementUser Need
Reliable components and system
SEMS shall have a MTBF of no less than 5000 hoursSEMS shall have a MTTR of no more than 60 minutes
SEMS shall operate without failures at -20C to 43C temperature rangeLow maintenance
Has preset and customizable user settings
SEMS subsystems and components shall be accessible for maintenanceSEMS shall scan for software/firmware updates at least once in 14 day periodCustomer shall receive response within 2 hours for service related inquires
The EG subsystem shall withstand harsh weather conditions (wind gusts, flooding, min max temps, heat, freeze)
The system shall use touchscreen technology for user interface
System Requirements
Defined 51 system requirements (initial)
System requires further requirement and specification development
Table 2. Requirements summary table
Requirement TypeNumber of
RequirementsFunctional 18Technical 8General 7Operational 4Safety/ Security 4Usability 4Physical Characteristics 3Service 3
Total: 51
System Requirements (contd.) Used Performance Based System Specification (PBSS) matrix to manage requirements
verification and validation methods
Table 3. Snapshot of the PBSS table. (see system design report for detailed view)
ID PBSS Requirement
Type Verification Phase Verification Method
Requirement Yes/No Requirement Type Subsystem Prelim
DesignDetailed Design
Oper Test
1st Article Inspect Analysis Demo Test
The system shall generate electrical energy from the following sources:- sun - wind- rain
1 No General SEMS System X X
The system shall store energy from renewable sources and from conventional grid (storage capacity) 2 No General SEMS System X X
The system shall reduce household dependance on conventional energy sources 3 No General SEMS System X X
The system shall have following subsytems:- energy generation (EG)- energy management (EMS)
4 No General SEMS System X X
The system shall manage energy distribution 5 No General SEMS System X X The system shall return excess generated energy to conventional grid 6 No Functional SEMS System X X
The system shall report household energy usage at least once per day 7 Yes Functional Energy Management X X
The system shall interface with standard household electrical panel (wire gauge) 8 No Operational Energy Management X X
The system shall use touchscreen technology for user interface 9 No Usability Energy Management X X
The system shall have adequate protection from kinetic and non-kinetic threats 10 No Safety/Security SEMS System X X
The EG subsytem shall withstand harsh weather conditions (wind gusts, flooding, min max temps, heat, freeze) 11 Yes Operational Energy Generation X X
The system shall have capability to operate autonomously for at least 14-day period 12 Yes General SEMS System X X
SEMS Operational Node Connectivity
SEMS Data Elements Table Producing Node Receiving Node
Operational Information
Element
Description Operational Element & Activity Operational Element & Activity
1a Alternating electrical current (AC) Wind Turbine Convert kinetic energy of the wind to electricity
Power Rectifier Convert AC to direct current (DC) for storage
1b Direct electrical current (DC) Photovoltaic (PV) Cells
Convert light energy of the sun to electricity
Battery Store DC electricity
1c Direct electrical current (DC) Piezoelectric Pad Convert kinetic energy of the rain to electricity
Battery Store DC electricity
2 Alternating electrical current (AC) Electrical Grid Generate electricity from hydroelectric, coal, gas or nuclear energy sources
Power Rectifier Convert AC to direct current (DC) for storage
3 Direct electrical current (DC) Power Rectifier Convert AC to direct current (DC) for storage
Battery Store DC electricity
4 Raw Energy Data Battery Storage Generate raw energy data Processor Process data from battery storage, generate battery status, charge, energy profile and consumption data
5 Weather Data Weather Station Generate Weather Data Processor Process weather data (wind speed, temperature, sunrise/sunset, humidity, pressure)
6a SEMS Data Control Module Generate user specified data User's Smart Device
Display SEMS Data
6b SEMS Data Processor Process data Touchscreen Display
Display SEMS Data
7a User Prompts/Commands Signals User's Smart Device Take input from user for commands/settings (energy modes, consumption balance, system on/off, etc.) to process
Processor Process user inputs
Operational Activity View
Operational Activity View (contd.)
Operational Activity View (contd.)
Functional Analysis
System Architecture
Verification and Validation (V&V)
Use SEMS Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP) to ensure:- System meets specification
or condition requirements (verification)
- System meets its intended purpose (validation)
The requirements to be verified are documented in PBSS table
Figure 3. SEMS TEMP cover page snapshot
Verification and Validation (contd.)Requirement Parameter Threshold Objective Measurement
MethodScore
MOP 43SEMS shall have a mean time before failure (MTBF) of no less than 5000 hours MTBF 5,000 hours >5,000 hours
Performance testing at System Integration Lab (SIL)
Pass/Fail
Pass: >5,000 hoursFail: <5,000 hours
MOP 44SEMS shall have a mean time to repair (MTTR) of no more than 60 minutes
MTTR ≥ 60 minutes 40 minutes Component repair time study at SIL.
Pass/ Fail (Score 1-3)
Pass:Score 2: 40-60 minutesScore 3: <40 minutes
Fail:Score 1: >60 minutes
MOP 49Customer shall receive response within 2 hours for service related inquires
Service Response Time ≥ 2 hours < 2hours Customer response
time study
Pass/ Fail (Score 1-3)
Pass:Score 2: 30-120 minutesScore 3: < 30 minutes
Fail:Score 1: > 120 minutes
Table 4. Snapshot from TEMP Functional Testing section
Risk Management
Table 5. Snapshot from Risk Assessment table
Risk ID Risk Type What is likely to go wrong Impact Before Mitigation ($)
Probability Before Mitigation
Risk Before Mitigation ($)
How and when will we know
What will we do about it
Impact After Mitigation ($)
Probability After Mitigation
Risk After Mitigation($)
1 Budget/ Scheduling Risk Software development for the EMS subsystem does not meet the schedule
$ 75,000.00 0.76 $ 57,000.00
System configuration and development step (V- diagram). Project Execution/ Control phase.
Weekly project status meetigs. Use Earn Value Management tools to track the status of the project and take appropriate when required
$ 75,000.00 0.2 $ 15,000.00
2 Operational Risk SEMS SW does not meet energy generation estimation accuracy requirements
$ 64,000.00 0.64 $ 40,960.00
Functional testing during requirement verification. The system algorithm will use inaccurate data to manage energy distribution.
Delope specific software requiements with quantitative measurement parameters. Perform SW testing/ debugging throughout development process
$ 54,000.00 0.32 $ 17,280.00
3 Operational Risk Mechanical, Electrical, Software failure
$ 100,000.00 0.48 $ 48,000.00
Customer will request technical support for their SEMS System. If not addressed, could have negative impact on products sales and damage company credibility.
Establish a robust service engineering team that can address any problem remotely or the locally. Use modular design when possible that allows for faster service times
$ 100,000.00 0.17 $ 17,000.00
4 Technical Risk SEMS fails to get required certification.
$ 85,000.00 0.42 $ 35,700.00
During system integration testing. May impact company ability to obtain federal/state/local subsidies or incentieves. Delay product launch.
Involve certification bodies early in the development stages. Analyse all applicable certification requirements
$ 85,000.00 0.1 $ 8,500.00
Risk Management (contd.) Assign risk category and ID Rank based on frequency and severity
Summary and Conclusion Chose systems engineering methodology to solve a
complex problem- V diagram (iterative process)- User needs and system requirements development- DODAF Architecture artifacts- System Design- Verification and Validation
Used Operational Views (OVs), System Views (SVs) and All-Views (AVs) to visualize and present a holistic view and physical architecture decomposition of SEMS, and demonstrate the relationships between system’s operational activities and functions
Summary and Conclusion (contd.)
Developed a system that achieves its intended purpose:- “……generates, stores, and manages the
distribution of electrical power from the renewable energy sources and conventional grid”
- System of system- Maximized the use of off the shelf
components
Built operational relationship between the user and the system
Rainfall
Energy
Solar
Energy
Wind
Energy
Energy Generation Subsystem
Energy Storage
Battery
Power Inverter/Rectifier
Control Module
Processor
Display
Energy Management Subsystem
SEM
S Sy
stem
Reference INCOSE. (October 2011). Systems Engineering Handbook. A guide for system life cycle processes and activities. Robert J. Monson (2015). Effective Project Management. A Phased Approach VAWT. (October, 2009). Everwind Power Corps. Retrieved November 21, 2015 from:
http://www.everwindpower.com/SPECS.pdf Off Grid Battery Systems. WSE Technologies. Retrieved November 21, 2015 from: http://www.wsetech.com/battery.php ALDO. (2014). Consulting. Retrieved January 1, 2016 from: http://www.everwindpower.com/SPECS.pdf