smart city: provocări și pași ai evoluției / smart cities challenges
TRANSCRIPT
Smart City: provocări și pași ai evoluției
Prof.dr.ing. Radu Vasiu Facultatea de Electronica si Telecomunicatii
Centrul Multimedia
Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara
Sesiunea Plenara ZAT 2015, 28 mai 2015 Implica6ile schimbarilor clima6ce asupra societa6i, economiei si mediului
The need for smarter cities!Challenges ci9es face today
Growing popula6on Traffic conges6on Space – homes and public space
Resource management (water and energy use)
Climate changes (global warming -‐ carbon emissions)
Tighter city budgets Aging infrastructure !
Resources: Kent Larson’s TEDx Boston talk: “Brilliant Designs to Fit More People in Every City” Stanley S. Litow: “America’s Ci6es need to get smarter”
Source: hVp://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/1_lpr_2012_online_full_size_single_pages_final_120516.pdf
In Europe alone 80% of the popula6on lives in ci6es and urbaniza6on is accelera6ng
China 300-‐400 million people will move to ci6es in the next 15 years
The need for smarter cities!Urban popula6on by 2030: 5 billions In the 21st century, ci6es will account for
90% of popula6on growth 80% of global CO2 emissions 75% of energy use!
“the city is a core paradigm for the mankind, where trade, technology, art and culture converge in designing and building the
solu6ons to the civiliza6on risks” Donado TopeVa
hVps://ict4green.wordpress.com/
Vision of smarter cities!Environmental sustainability and efficiency!! !Sustainable homes and buildings!!Efficient use of resources!! ! !Efficient and sustainable transportation!
Better urban planning - livable cities!!
!
Smart Ci6es are “complex ecosystems supported by technological infrastructures transforming ci6zen
engagement, learning and par6cipa6on” (United Na6ons, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Popula6on Division, 2012. World
Urbaniza6on Prospects, the 2011 Revision, New York)
Definitions of Smart Cities…!{Caragliu and Nijkamp 2009}: A city can be defined as ‘smart’ when investments in human and social capital and tradi6onal (transport) and modern (ICT) communica6on infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through par6cipatory governance. {Giffinger et al. 2007}: A Smart City is a city well performing in a forward-‐looking way in these six characteris6cs [economy, people, governance, mobility, environment & living], built on the smart combina6on of endowments and ac6vi6es of self-‐decisive, independent and aware ci6zens. !
!
Pillars of a Smart City!1. Smart economy (Innova6ve spirit, entrepreneurship, economic image &
trademarks, produc6vity, flexibility of labour market, interna6onal embeddedness, ability to transform)
2. Smart mobility (Local accessibility, (Inter-‐)na6onal accessibility, availability of infrastructure, sustainable, innova6ve and safe transport systems )
3. Smart environment (AVrac6vity of natural condi6on, pollu6on, environmental protec6on, sustainable resource management)
4. Smart governance (Par6cipa6on in decision-‐making, public and social services, transparent governance, poli6cal strategies & perspec6ves)
5. Smart people (Level of qualifica6on, affinity to life long learning, social and ethnic plurality, flexibility, crea6vity, cosmopolitanism/open mindedness, par6cipa6on in public life)
6. Smart living (Cultural facili6es, health condi6ons, individual safety, housing quality, educa6on facili6es, touris6c aVrac6ons, social cohesion)!
Climate change and ICT!
Scien6sts, economists and policy makers are calling for emissions targets of at least 20% below 1990 levels in 2020.
Climate change and ICT!
Smart motor systems Smart
logis6cs
Smart buildings
Smart grids
Opportunities for ICT to achieve emission savings!
Climate change challenges and ICT!
The Climate Group: Smart 2020 report hVp://www.theclimategroup.org/what-‐we-‐do/programs/smart-‐2020/
Climate change challenges and ICT!
The Climate Group: Smart 2020 report hVp://www.theclimategroup.org/what-‐we-‐do/programs/smart-‐2020/
Climate change challenges and ICT!
The Climate Group: Smart 2020 report hVp://www.theclimategroup.org/what-‐we-‐do/programs/smart-‐2020/
Smart (efficient) energy!• More efficient energy production!
– Light sensors on solar panels track sun rays to ensure power is gathered in a more efficient manner !
• Distribution!– Smart grids: Highly complex systems technically integrating
digital and non-digital technologies. Characterized by:!• More efficient energy routing (reduces excess capacity)!• Better monitoring and control!• Improved data capture and measurement!• Automation!
• Use!– Smart devices and metering – at the city, building, and home
levels!
City applications – making use of sensor technology!
– Smart parking: Monitoring of parking spaces availability in the city.!– Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in
buildings, bridges and historical monuments.!– Noise Urban maps: Sound monitoring in bar areas and centric zones in
real time.!– Smartphone detection: Detect smart phones and in general any device
which works with Wifi or Bluetooth interfaces.!– Electromagnetic field levels: Measurement of the energy radiated by cell
stations and and WiFi routers.!– Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to
optimize driving and walking routes.!– Smart lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights. !– Waste management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize
the trash collection routes.!– Smart roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions
according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams.! Source
“50 Sensor Applica6ons for a Smarter World” Libelium.
Smart buildings!Sensors technology used in buildings for monitoring and control!Increase energy efficiency, user comfort, and security!
• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems!• Lighting/shading!• Air quality and window control!• Systems switching off devices!• Metering!• Access control (security)!
!!!!!
Smart transportation!Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)!• Smarter infrastructure and vehicles:!– Infrastructure: Sensors in roads monitor
intensity and fluidity of traffic to help control traffic lights more efficiently!
– Vehicles: Sensors on smart vehicles!• Collision avoidance!• Navigation!
– Public transit: Tracking use for more efficient route planning!
Other applications!!• Health care!– Fall detection – for seniors and people with
mobility disabilities!• Agriculture!• Air quality, global warming!• Industry!– Shopping logistics, fleet tracking!– Industrial control – temperature monitoring, air
quality!• Entertainment!
Data-driven cities!!"We are increasingly able to digitally search and interrogate the city. Social tools can be layered over the city, giving us real-time access to information about the things and people that surround us, helping us to connect in new ways and giving rise to a data-driven society.!
!!Cities today are vast repositories of information, endlessly collecting and archiving data. When semantically organised, the data can be exposed, shared, and interconnected. Giving people the right kind of access to this information can spark new applications and services, new ways of living, creating and being.”!
!(qtd in Kirby)!
Definiție
Datele deschise sunt date ce pot fi u9lizate în mod liber, reu9lizate și redistribuite de către oricine – supuse doar, cel mult, la necesitatea atribuirii în condiții idenFce.
Sursa: opendatahandbook.org
Crea6ve Commons – Licente deschise
hVp://crea6vecommons.org/ hVp://www.ap6.ro/licente-‐crea6ve-‐commons
Principii
1. Pot fi u6lizate liber, pot fi redistribuite, nu implică costuri
2. Sunt publicate în format deschis și procesabile prin mijloace automate
3. Sunt date primare, întregi, actualizate
Seturi de date tema6ce Categorie Exemple seturi de date
Date geospațiale Coduri poștale, hărți naționale și locale (planuri cadastrale, hărți topografice, marine, ale fron6erelor administra6ve etc.)
Observarea Pământului și mediu
Date spațiale și in situ (monitorizarea condițiilor meteorologice, a calității terenurilor și a apei, a consumului de energie, a nivelurilor emisiilor etc.)
Date privind transporturile
Orarele transportului public (toate modurile de transport) la nivel național, regional și local, informații privind lucrările ru6ere, traficul etc.
Sta6s6ci Date sta6s6ce naționale, regionale și locale, însoțite de principalii indicatori demografici și economici (PIB, vârstă, stare de sănătate, nivelul șomajului, venituri, educație etc.)
Întreprinderi Registrul comerțului și registrul întreprinderilor (listele întreprinderilor înregistrate, informații privind forma de proprietate și modul de ges6onare, iden6ficatorii înregistrării, bilanțuri financiare etc.)
Sursa: hVp://w
ww.funda6a.ro/nicolae-‐constan6nescu/index.htm
l#/
Seturi de date locale Timisoara
RETIM ● orarul de colectare a
gunoiului menajer AQUATIM ● programul intervențiilor ● calitatea apei potabile POLIȚIA LOCALĂ ● lista anonimizată a
incidentelor (ex: furturi)
TEATRU, OPERA ● calendarul evenimentelor
culturale RATT ● orarul transportului în
comun, traseele, stațiile PRIMĂRIA ● bugetul, cheltuielile
Date deschise în lume
planul național de acțiune 2014-‐2016
direc6va 2003, 2011 open data charter 2013
Angajament pentru Timișoara European Innova9on Partnership on
Smart Ci9es and Communi9es ● Clusterul “Integrated infrastructure &
processes across Energy, ICT and Transport”
● Focus pe “Open Data Landscape” ● Timișoara: Angajament nr. 7711
(hVp://eu-‐smartci6es.eu/)
● Vizualizare alerte (filtrare, hartă, comentarii) ● Ges6onare u6lizatori și agenții (ins6tuții) ● Ges6onare alerte (manual și import automa6zat) ● Integrare cu toate pla~ormele de socializare ● API REST pentru accesarea alertelor din alte aplicații ● Interfață responsive (desktop & mobile)
Funcționalități City Alerts
HACKTM 2014 the largest hackathon in Central and East Europe 17-‐19 October 2014, more then 450 persons, StartUpHub
Open MarT (premiul II) este un website care prezintă într-‐o formă inovatoare tablouri puse la dispoziție de Muzeul de Artă Timișoara
Timișoara City Art (premiul I) este o aplicație pentru telefonul mobil care ajută 6mișorenii și turiș6i să descopere monumentele din spațiul public
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!Orthogonal Bus Network FASTER AND MORE EFFICIENT ABOVE-‐GROUND TRANSPORTATION
28 lines of high-‐service axes: 17 are ver6cal (sea-‐mountain) 8 are horizontal (river Llobregat-‐river Besòs) 3 more radial and cross the others diagonally
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!TAP & GO SECURE AND CONVENIENT CONTACTLESS PAYMENTS
• The Tap and Go Barcelona project allows contactless payments using NFC (Near Field Communica6ons) technology.
• It is included in a range of strategic ini6a6ves aligned with the Barcelona Mobile World Capital over the 2012 -‐ 2018 period.
• The NFC technology allows fast, contactless payments to be made securely and conveniently: you wave your card close to the payment terminal which registers the transac6on, without having to do anything else, unless the value of the purchase is over 20 euros, in which case you will have to enter your PIN.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!BARCELONA SOLAR THERMAL ORDINANCE ACTIVE SYSTEMS TO PRODUCE DOMESTIC HOT WATER
• Barcelona’s Solar Thermal Ordinance (approved in 1999) regulates the introduc6on of ac6ve systems to capture and use low temperature solar energy (solar thermal collectors) in order to produce domes6c hot water in buildings and construc6ons in the city, regardless of whether they are public or privately owned.
Hotel Diagonal Barcelona
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!MEDIA-‐TIC BUILDING Example of Green Architecture
• The MEDIA -‐TIC building is a good example of the new smart and sustainable architecture in Barcelona, which uses the latest technology. Inaugurated in September 2010, it is designed to be a communica6ons hub and mee6ng point for businesses, R&D centres and ins6tu6ons in the field of IC T as well as for the media and audio-‐visual sectors.
• shape of a cube and is formed by large iron beams covered in a plas6c coa6ng of inflatable bubbles, which offer glimpses of the fluorescent structure of the building.
• The aVrac6ve covering also has a func6onal u6lity as a way of regula6ng light and temperature, primarily preven6ng 114 tons of CO 2 a year from escaping from the building, and offering a 20% saving on climate control.
• Every facade of the Media-‐TIC is different: from the outside, they reveal parts of their interior spaces and give a diverse plas6city, while from the inside they offer spectacular views. The translucent and innova6ve covering, ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluor Ethylene), recently approved as a construc6on material, is in itself an innova6on in Spanish building: it acts as an external covering and a mobile sunscreen that helps light to penetrate and affords heat savings. The ETFE skin is ac6vated using pneuma6c mechanisms thanks to “luxometer” sensors that automa6cally and independently ac6vate the chamber infla6on and defla6on devices according to how much solar energy there is. These luxometers are energy independent.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!UNDERGROUND GALLERIES Easy access to service network
• Special Infrastructure Plan for urban improvements on 37 km of streets in 22@Barcelona, the innova6on district, with highly compe66ve u6lity infrastructures.
• a new model of urbaniza6on and underground infrastructures: a modern network of energy, telecommunica6ons, district hea6ng and pneuma6c waste collec6on systems.
• The design of these new networks gives priority to energy efficiency and responsible management of natural resources.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!SIIUR PROJECT Integral Solu6on for Urban Infrastructures
• The SIIUR project (Integral Solu6on for Urban Infrastructures)
• control of ligh6ng zones, regula6on of the hours of ligh6ng, improvements in facili6es and an electrical analysis of the posi6on of lamps results in costs savings of up to 40%
• Street lamps are equipped with LED technology to reduce cost and pollu6on. Lamps include sensors that process environmental informa6on and detect presence, temperature, humidity, noise and pollu6on.
• These lights are connected to a Street Ligh6ng Cabinet that centralizes all communica6ons and services (such as Fibre-‐op6c cabling to the Home, Wi-‐Fi or Electrical Vehicle recharging sta6ons)
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!SENSORS FOR URBAN SERVICES New applica6ons for a beVer urban quality of life
• different formats of sensors, databases, new applica6ons and designs generated both by public administra6on and private firms
• Barcelona is crea6ng an efficient and smart service delivery pla~orm for ci6zens and municipal workers. This pla~orm has a common data warehouse where the different sensors systems store their informa6on.
• Some examples are sensors in solid waste containers (to report loading data to adjust schedules or routes), street sensors (occupancy of parking spaces and loading areas) for environmental control (air and noise pollu6on), humidity (for irriga6on in public parks), urban metering (of gas, water or power) and traffic flows (to control and manage traffic automa6cally).
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!BIOSPHERE CERTIFICATION FOR BARCELONA Interna6onal sustainable tourist des6na6on
• the first city in the world to receive the ‘Biosphere World Class Des6na6on’ cer6fica6on. This cer6fica6on, awarded by the Responsible Tourism Ins6tute (ITR, affiliated to UNESCO and the World Tourism Organiza6on UNW TO), recognises the city of Barcelona and the Barcelona Tourism Consor6um’s environmental management and posi6ons the city as a sustainable tourist des6na6on, which proves the city’s commitment to economic, social, cultural and environmental values.
• The cer6fica6on was officially presented during the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) Annual Mee6ng on 29th June 2011. This organisa6on, a UN Founda6on, works to promote sustainable tourism.
• In line with sustainable tourism, a group of companies and ins6tu6ons from the Forum Area of the city (hotels, conven6on centre, shopping centre and founda6ons) have created the Barcelona Forum District (BFD) that highlights the social, environmental and cultural commitment of its members and their common values and objec6ves in these maVers.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!FORUM SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION AN icon of local environmental friendly policies
• The Forum Solar Photovoltaic Installa6on was inaugurated in 2004, on the occasion of the organisa6on of the Universal Forum of Cultures.
• It is installed on the prolonga6on of the Forum Esplanade, a bit further out towards the sea, at the entrance to the new Marina. The installa6on provided a good deal of the electrical energy and became a reference element on the Barcelona coastline and a monument to ecological commitment.
• It is a south-‐facing, 4,500 m2 oblique surface mounted on four reinforced concrete pillars; a huge pergola receives the sun’s radia6on and simultaneously produces energy and shade. The total peak power of the solar panel is 1,100 kWp and it is based on silicon mono-‐crystalline cells.
• In the area there is a sailing school also covered with solar panels.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!INTEGRAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANT Waste to Energy Treatment plant
• This integral installa6on comprises a Mechanical and Biological Treatment plant (also called Ecoparc) followed by a Waste to Energy plant, with a global capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year.
• The installa6on receives the municipal waste frac6on not selected in origin.
• First of all, it is treated in the mechanical and biological treatment plant. The main goal in this phase is separa6ng recoverable materials such as paper, glass, different plas6cs, ferrous metals and organic maVer.
• The rest of this first treatment goes automa6cally to the Energy Recovery plant, where this municipal waste is burned in three furnaces with a capacity of 15 tonnes per hour.
• Municipal Solid Waste treated: 350,000 t/year • Electrical energy produced: 175,000 MWh/year • Steam to hea6ng and cooling network: 15 t/h
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!DISTRICLIMA Hea6ng and Cooling System
• Districlima was set up in 2002 to implement, for the first 6me in Spain, a district hea6ng and cooling network for use in hea6ng, air condi6oning and sanitary hot water.
• Main environmental advantages of Districlima: -‐ Residual energy sources are generally used (urban
solid waste or others) in high performance energy equipment, thus minimising fossil origin primary energy consump6on;
-‐ Reduc6on of greenhouse effect gas emission as it is a more efficient energy solu6on;
-‐ Significant reduc6on of refrigerant losses into the atmosphere compared with conven6onal systems;
-‐ Noise and vibra6on reduc6on in buildings connected to the system and null visual impact as the system ensures that roofs and facades remain completely unobstructed.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!LIVE BARCELONA PROJECT The electric mobility plan for the city
• LIVE Barcelona (Logis6cs for the Implementa6on of the Electric Vehicle) is an open public-‐private pla~orm that promotes the use of electric vehicles in the city
• Today the city has about 240 public recharging sta6ons. The goal is that every ci6zen has a sta6on accessible within 5 minutes from home.
• Mobec Hotels is a unique and innova6ve electric mobility ini6a6ve. The project consists of the installa6on of a network of charging sta6ons for six vehicles in front of the hotels of Barcelona par6cipa6ng in the project, which will have six rental two-‐wheel electric vehicles available for the hotel’s guests.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!AUTOMATED WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM A clean and efficient waste collec6on
• The pneuma6c and selec6ve waste collec6on system minimizes noise pollu6on from the tradi6onal waste collec6on methods and improves quality of urban spaces as waste containers disappear from the streets.
• The first pneuma6c waste collec6on system was installed in Barcelona in 1992, in the Olympic Village District as part of the city’s renova6on for the 1992 Olympic Games.
• The waste collec6on system is opera6onal since 2006. • The system consists of a network of fixed collec6on points
strategically distributed. The drop-‐off points (either inside the new buildings or in the streets) collect the three basic waste frac6ons (organic waste, inorganic waste and paper).
• The drop-‐off points are connected via a vacuum network through the pipes installed under the streets and transported to the collec6on plant, where a hydraulic press compacts the waste to reduce its volume (resul6ng in less traffic and noise).
• The en6re network is cabled through a communica6on network to control the state of the infrastructure and to measure if waste containers are empty or not to op6mize collec6on routes of trucks.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!BICING Bicycle sharing system
• Bicing is the name of a community bicycle programme of the city of Barcelona created in March 2007.
• It aims to make available to ci6zens bicycles for commu6ng within the city, with an economical and sustainable transporta6on mode. Its purpose is to facilitate short daily trips but not for tourism or recrea6onal use.
• Users must acquire a yearly membership. • The system has a 6,000 bicycles and network of more
than 400 sta6ons to lend and return the bicycles distributed throughout the city. Most sta6ons are situated next to public transport stops or public parking to facilitate and promote intermodality.
• Since the start, the service has registered more than 50 million uses and has 120,000 registered users.
• A new ini6a6ve is underway: the iBicing, to provide all Bicing users with a tool that allows them to find out the loca6on and the availability of their nearest sta6ons, whenever and wherever they need a Bicing bike.
Barcelona Smart City – Study Case!E-‐GOVERNMENT for entrepreneurs, businesses and ci6zens
• Barcelona is pioneer in many projects and e-‐government ini6a6ves, applying new technologies to improve public services, access, efficiency and transparency.
• The professional folder: allows professionals to complete online procedures on behalf of their clients (payments, outstanding debts, property and vehicle-‐related formali6es, fines and penal6es).
• Open Data BCN: the portal includes public data owned by the City Council, made accessible to the public in open and standard digital formats in an easy and clear structure. The portal includes more than 300 categories of data in 5 basic areas: territory, popula6on, urban environment, economy and administra6on.
• Quiosc PuntBCN: the city has kiosks for aVen6on to ci6zens similar to automa6c teller machines. They try to improve the aVen6on given from the eleven Offices for public aVen6on, that receive an average of 4,500 daily users. Are located in different points of the city (shopping centres, libraries, civic centres), and allow ci6zens to solve most of the administra6ve procedures (60% of the total).
Open Data Projects!• Vancouver’s open data initiatives:!
– http://vancouver.ca/your-government/open-data-catalogue.aspx !
• FutureEverything’s Open Data Project!– http://futureeverything.org/ongoing-projects/open-data-
cities-datagm/!
• European Commission Big Data Forum: !– http://www.future-internet.eu/home/future-internet-
assembly/aalborg-may-2012/31-smart-cities-and-big-data.html !
CONTACT
hVp://www.slideshare.net/RaduVasiu/
Prof.Dr.Ing. Radu Vasiu Presedinte Comisia de Cercetare a Senatului Universita6i Politehnica Timisoara, Romania Director, Centrul de Cercetare Mul6media Tel: +40.256 403300 Email: [email protected] hVp://www.cm.upt.ro/staff/raduvasiu
Bibliografie hVp://opendatahandbook.org/ro/what-‐is-‐open-‐data/index.html hVp://datedeschise.funda6a.ro/ hVp://ogp.gov.ro/ hVp://opendefini6on.org/ hVps://okfn.org/opendata/ hVp://data.worldbank.org/about/open-‐government-‐data-‐toolkit/knowledge-‐repository hVps://open-‐data.europa.eu/en/data/ hVp://www.socrata.com/resources/ hVp://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/
open_data_unlocking_innova6on_and_performance_with_liquid_informa6on