smart bus report

8/17/2019 Smart Bus Report

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SmartBus 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT

Smart Bus aims to provide security of passengers while traveling on the bus.

The main goal of this project is to ensure the safety of passengers while entering

and leaving the bus. The features provided in this project include door control

system, location display, and location tracking with the help of GPS and speed

display for alerting passengers about the cases of rash driving.

People of all status rich or poor use public transport for their commute from

home or to any other specific location they need to travel. The system implements

a door control system which ensures the safety of the passenger while and entering

and leaving the bus. henever a passenger gets or leaves the bus, due to the lack

of concentration or proper timing the driver may not see who is entering or leaving

the bus and after a moment of time will start the bus to take off, causing the person

either entering or leaving to fall of the bus or get hurt while climbing the bus. So in

order to prevent this we are using a motion detection sensor to detect the footstep

of the person, entering and leaving the bus and based on the output there will be

decision of whether to open or close the bus.

The display of location or position of the bus is a very helpful factor so that

passengers will know where they are at that e!act moment. Passengers travelling

long distance, or who are new to a particular place can rely on the location display

system to know where they are. This display of location is done with the help of

global positioning tracking system. ith the help of this tracking system,

passengers can identify the location. This will be helpful to newcomers and also

those traveling at night time during rain to identify the locations.

"ash driving is another factor. "ash driving is the careless driving without

thinking about the safety of driving. Bus drivers, when driving with high speed

will lead to rash driving causing harm to people inside and outside of the bus, but

#epartment $f %omputer Science & 'ngineering S(%'T


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when we know when the driver is over speeding we cannot complain. This is

because even if we complain the drivers won)t slow down. So, for this purpose we

are setting a display which displays the speed.

The product will be easy to customi*e as per the above problems stated in order

to ensure the safety of passengers in the bus and providing full information of the

bus to the passengers.



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1.2 ABOUT THE ORGANISATION

St. (oseph)s %ollege of 'ngineering and Technology was established by the

#iocese of Palai, during the year ++.The establishment led to the fulfillment of a

long cherished dream of providing amenities and scope for higher technical

education not only to the people of the diocese but also the neighboring areas as

well. -ll effort has been taken in creating a conductive environment.

The principles that guide the college in keeping its challenges and that

enable it in emerging as the %enter of '!cellence in technical education are

positive thinking, abiding faith in the -lmighty, hard work and dedication towards

work. -lso the college provide scope for ecofriendly environment and work ethics

that provided by the e!isting campus life of the college.

S(%'T is a college with a difference that focuses in prevailing /uality education

and this is implemented through its discipline and e!cellence in all aspects.



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1.3 ABOUT THE PLATFORM

1.3.1 Embedded C

% is the most widely used programming language for embedded processors0controllers. -ssembly is also used but mainly to implement those

portions of the code where very high timing accuracy, code si*e efficiency, etc. are

prime re/uirements.

'mbedded systems programming is different from developing applications on a

desktop computers. 1ey characteristics of an embedded system, when compared to

P%s, are as follows2

• 'mbedded devices have resource constraints3limited "$4, limited "-4,limited stack space, less processing power5

• %omponents used in embedded system and P%s are different6 embedded

systems typically uses smaller, less power consuming components.

• 'mbedded systems are more tied to the hardware.

1.3.2 Featue! "# Embedded C

Two salient #eatue! "# Embedded P"$amm%&$ are code speed and code

si*e. %ode speed is governed by the processing power, timing constraints, whereascode si*e is governed by available program memory and use of programming

language. Goal of embedded system programming is to get ma!imum features in

minimum space and minimum time.

'mbedded systems are programmed using different type of languages2

• 4achine %ode

• 7ow level language, i.e., assembly

• 8igh level language like %, %99, (ava, -da, etc.

• -pplication level language like :isual Basic, scripts, -ccess,

etc.

-ssembly language maps mnemonic words with the binary machine codes

that the processor uses to code the instructions. -ssembly language seems to be an

obvious choice for programming embedded devices. 8owever, use of assembly

language is restricted to developing efficient codes in terms of si*e and speed.

-lso, assembly codes lead to higher software development costs and code

portability is not there. #eveloping small codes are not much of a problem, but

large programs0projects become increasingly difficult to manage in assembly



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language. ;inding good assembly programmers has also become difficult

nowadays. 8ence high level languages are preferred for embedded systems

programming.

1.3.3 Ad'a&ta$e! "# Embedded C

high level assembly language).

• =t is fairly efficient.

•=t supports access to =0$ and provides ease of management of largeembedded projects.

4any of these advantages are offered by other languages also, but what sets

% apart from others like Pascal, ;$"T"-?, etc. is the fact that it is a middle level

language6 it provides direct hardware control without sacrificing benefits of high

level languages.



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2. S)STEM STUD)

2.1 STUD) OF E*ISTING S)STEM

There are many systems that have been developed for ensuring the safety of

passengers while entering and leaving the bus. 4any of these systems provide only

the basic security which is closing the door of the bus while moving and opening

the door when the bus is halted.

The e!isting system discusses about the safety of passengers while

travelling in buses in 1erala. 8ere the safety of the passengers is maintained to an

e!tent but not always. #ue to rash driving and carelessness, many accidents are

occurring.

2.2 DRA+BAC, OF E*ISTING PAC,AGES

• ?o proper mechanism for opening and closing the door.

• Staff on the bus is more.

o %urrently in the e!isting systems, there is a bus door keeper for

opening and closing the doors of the bus.

•

2.3 PROPOSED S)STEM

hat makes Smart Bus different from this is our lists of features that are aimed to

be of utmost safety of passengers are ensured. The system incorporates motion

detection sensors on the lowest step of the bus to detect the presence of person by

sensing the footstep and if the person is standing on the footstep neither the door

will open nor will it close and also the bus won)t move. -nother improvement

done is that when the door is open or closed until the passenger removes its feet

from the sensor the brake system of the bus will be locked. Similarly with the help

of GPS we can track the location of the bus and display it on the 7'# to highlight



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where the bus will halt, what are the stops. The ne!t feature added is the display of

speed.

2.- ADANTAGES OF PROPOSED S)STEM

The product will be easy to customi*e as per the above problems to ensure the

safety of passengers. #ifferent features include2

• #oor %ontrol System with a motion detection sensor

• Brake 7ock0


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3. S)STEM RE/UIREMENTS

3.1 SOFT+ARE RE/UIREMENTS The different software that is re/uired for the creation of a Smart Bus system

is described as follows2

• Proteus Professional :ersion @ A to check if the program written is correct

on the model version of the circuit board.

• 4ikro% Pro for P=% 4icrocontroller A writing programs to program the

P=% microcontroller.• 'agle Software A designing of the software board

• 4P7-B Software A to burn the program to microcontroller with the help

of a P=%1=T.

3.2 HARD+ARE RE/UIREMENTS

• Processor2 th Generation =ntel %ore iC processor

• 4ain 4emory A GB

• %omponents for the %ircuit

o P=% DE;@FF-

o P%B Board

o Speed Sensor 34otion #etection Sensor5

o ;ootstep Sensor 34otion #etection Sensor0Switch5

o %# #rive with %# motor

o #% 4otor

o "elay Switch

o Push Button Switch

o 7%# #isplay

o 7'# #isplay

o Power Supply



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o %rystal $scillator

o "esistors A Dk and Dk

3.3 SELECTION OF SOFT+ARE

3.3.1 Embedded C

% is the most widely used programming language for embedded

processors0controllers. -ssembly is also used but mainly to implement those

portions of the code where very high timing accuracy, code si*e efficiency, etc. are

prime re/uirements.

'mbedded systems programming is different from developing applications on a

desktop computers. 1ey characteristics of an embedded system, when compared to

P%s, are as follows2

• 'mbedded devices have resource constraints3limited "$4, limited "-4,

limited stack space, less processing power5

• %omponents used in embedded system and P%s are different6 embedded

systems typically uses smaller, less power consuming components.

• 'mbedded systems are more tied to the hardware.

3.3.2 D%##ee&0e Betee& Embedded C a&d C

Though C a&d embedded C appear different and are used in different

conte!ts, they have more similarities than the differences. 4ost of the constructs

are same6 the difference lies in their applications. % is used for desktop computers,

while embedded C is for microcontroller based applications. -ccordingly, % has

the lu!ury to use resources of a desktop P% like memory, $S, etc. hile

programming on desktop systems, we need not bother about memory. 8owever,

embedded % has to use with the limited resources 3"-4, "$4, =0$s5 on an

embedded processor.

Thus, program code must fit into the available program memory. =f code

e!ceeds the limit, the system is likely to crash. %ompilers for % 3-?S= %5 typically

generate $S dependant e!ecutables. Embedded C re/uires compilers to create

files to be downloaded to the microcontrollers0microprocessors where it needs to

run. 'mbedded compilers give access to all resources which is not provided in

compilers for desktop computer applications. 'mbedded systems often have the



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realtime constraints, which is usually not there with desktop computer

applications. 'mbedded systems often do not have a console, which is available in

case of desktop applications.

3.3.3 P"teu! P"#e!!%"&a e!%"&

Proteus professional version @ is a software used to create P%B layouts and

implement the embedded % programs in it and run it in order to test if the code

can be e!ecuted or not.

The Proteus schematic capture module lies at the heart of the system, and is

far more than just another schematics package. =t combines a powerful design

environment with the ability to define most aspects of the drawing appearance.

hether your re/uirement is the rapid entry of comple! designs for simulation

and P%B layout, or the creation of attractive schematics for publication, Proteus

%apture is the tool for the job.

3.3.- M%4" C P" #" PIC M%0"0"&t"e

The mikro% P"$ for P=% is a powerful, featurerich development tool for

P=% microcontrollers. =t is designed to provide the programmer with the easiest

possible solution to developing applications for embedded systems, without

compromising performance or control.

P=% and % fit together well2 P=% is the most popular @bit chip in the world,

used in a wide variety of applications, and %, pri*ed for its efficiency, is the

natural choice for developing embedded systems. mikro% P"$ for P=% provides

a successful match featuring highly advanced =#', -?S= compliant compiler,

broad set of hardware libraries, comprehensive documentation, and plenty of

readytorun e!amples.



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3.3.5 Ea$e S"#tae

- Printed %ircuit Board or P%B is thing which holds your entire project

hardware together =t links and connects various electronic components together ona common physical platform. P%B design is a key process in the electronics

industry because this process actually broadcasts the craftsmanship to production.

$ne can call this process in technical terms as designing of tracks & pads,

reali*ing the P%B and fabrication of various electronic components on the board.

-lthough P%B fabrication is a costlier process, but due to mass production

through automated process, the overall cost of the product decreases. The major

advantage, apart from the cost of fabrication and reduced comple!ity, is the final

product is professional, well finished and the performance of the system increases.

'-G7', an acronym for Easily A pplicable Graphical Layout Editor, is

design software by %adsoft %omputers. =t is widely used by educationalists,

students, hobbyists and professionals because of its rich yet simple interface with

large component library crossplatform support on indows, 4ac and 7inu! too

Since windows is the widely used $S, the inclination of this tutorial will be

towards '-G7' on a indows computer, but don)t worry there is almost no

difference on a 4ac or 7inu!. P%B designing is like maturing wine, the more you practice the better you will be at designing professional level P%Bs.

3.3.6 MPLAB S"#tae

4P7-B =#' is a software program that runs on your development environment

for your embedded microcontroller design. The design cycle for developing an

embedded controller application is2

D. #o the high level design A ;rom the features and performance desired,decide which P=%micro or dsP=% device you need, then design the

associated hardware circuitry.

+. 1nowing which peripherals and pins control your hardware, write the

software.


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that is more or less understandable, with constructs that help you organi*e

your code.

H. %ompile or assemble the software using a 7anguage Tool to convert your

code into machine code for the P=%micro device. This machine code will

eventually becomes firmware, the code programmed into the

microcontroller.

. Test your code.


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-. S)STEM DESIGN

-.1 ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

-.1.1 Fea!%b%%t( a&d C%t%0a Fa0t"!

;easibility factors are those factors that determine whether the software

developed satisfies the stipulated re/uirements that describe system)s behavior. There

is always a set of conditions that can completely describe the system6 when changes

are applied on the system, it may change its overall state by changing the state of any

of the conditions that constitute the description set. "e/uirements can be of two

types2 ;unctional re/uirements, ?onfunctional re/uirements. - functional

re/uirement describes the interaction between the system and its environment. - non

functional re/uirement describes the constraint on the system that limits the choices

for construction of a solution to the problem.

System design is the stage of transition from user re/uirement specification to a

specification for the software personnel. The importance of the design can be stated

with a single word IKualityJ. #esign is the place where /uality is fostered in software

development. The phase acts as the bridge between the user specification and

implementation phase, which satisfies the user specification. hile analysis

essentially logical, design is creative. -n elegant design achieves its objective with

minimum use of resources. The resources are always limited but an acceptable designoften proves to be a compromise between a number of factors like cost, reliability,

accuracy, security, control, integration, and e!pansibility.

System #esign consists of2

L Physical #esign

L 7ogical #esign



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-.1.2 P7(!%0a S(!tem De!%$&

Physical design produces working system by defining specification and the

necessary programs are written based on this, which performs necessary calculations

through the e!isting database produce report and maintains updated database at all

times.

Physical design consists of2

• =nput #esign

• $utput #esign

• Program #esign

-.1.2.1 I&8ut De!%$&

=nput design is the process of converting useroriginated inputs to a computer

based format. The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy and free

from errors as possible.

elldesigned inputs serve five purposes

D L %ontrol work flow

+ L "educe redundancies

H L "ecord data

L =ncrease clerical accuracy

C L -llow easier checking of data

-.1.2.2 Out8ut De!%$&

$utputs from the computer system are re/uired primarily to communicate the

results of processing to the users. $utput design is an ongoing activity during the

study phase. The objective of output design is to define the contents and format of all



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documents and reports in an attractive and useful format. $ther reasons for output

generations are2

D L To provide proper communication of data to the user.

+ L To reinput to the computer for being connected with other data and further

processing.

H L To provide permanent storage

$utput generally refers to the results and information that are generated by the

system. =t can be in the form of operational documents a report. Since some of the end

users will not actually operate the information system or input through workstations.

-.1.2.3 P"$am De!%$&

The most creative and challenging phase of the system development life cycle

is the system design. The term design describes the final system and the process by

which it is developed. =t refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in

implementing the candidate system. The first step is to determine how the output is to

be produced and in what format, sample outputs are to be presented.

#esign is the process of creating alternative solutions evaluating the choice and

drawing up the specifications for the chosen alternatives. System design work follows

logically from system analysis. =dentifying where a system may be improved leads on

how the system can be improved and in particular advantage of computer use.

-pplication design consists of taking the compiled list of re/uirements and

turning it into detailed specification describes the new system. 4any of the tools usedin the analysis phase can be used in phase to clarify the different aspects of the

proposed system. #ataflow diagrams can be used in this phase to clarify the different

aspects of the proposed system.

The general purpose that use here for object oriented design has a number of

stages2

D a.


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H c. =dentify the system objects in the system

d. #evelop design models

C e. Specify object interface

-.1.3 L"$%0a S(!tem De!%$&

The data flow oriented design has been adopted for the system. The main

attraction of the data flow oriented design is that it is amenable to wide range of

application areas. #ata flow diagrams show the logical flow of the system and define

boundaries of the system. =t describes the inputs 3source5, output 3destination5,

database 3data sources5 and procedures 3data flows5, all in a format that meets the

user)s re/uirements. hile preparing the logical system design, it is tried to specify

the user needs at all level of detail that virtually determines the information flow into

and out of the system. The re/uired data sources and the specific objectives of the

design where also considered. The outline design of the needed reports and input

forms was defined.

#ata is the key to the overall system and it is structured to meet the user

re/uirement. 'ach item of data is uni/uely and defined in a database. The relationship

between various items of data was identified. The data are analy*ed to determine

whether they are normali*ed. Then the procedures handled by the computer and

human beings are also determined.



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-.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

-.2.1 U!e Ca!e D%a$am

;igure .+.D2


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-.2.1.1 U!e Ca!e Re8"t!

-.2.2 Se9ue&0e D%a$am! : S8eed C"&t"

Figure 4.2.2: - Sequence Diagram Speed – Cn!r"



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-.2.3 Se9ue&0e D%a$am! : D"" O8e&%&$ a&d C"!%&$

Figure 4.2.3: - Sequence Diagram Dr #pening and C"$ing



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-.2.- Se9ue&0e D%a$am! : L"0at%"& Ta04%&$

Figure 4.2.4: %ca!in &rac'ing



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-.3 PCB La("ut

;igure .H2 P%B 7ayout

-.- C%0u%t La("ut



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;igure . %ircuit 7ayout

5. S)STEM IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

- product software implementation method is a systematically structured

approach to effectively integrate software based service or component into the

workflow of an organi*ational structure or an individual enduser. - product

software implementation method is a blueprint to get users and0or organi*ations

running with a specific software product. The method is a set of rules and views to

cope with the most common issues that occur when implementing a software

product2 business alignment from the organi*ational view and acceptance from the

human view.

The comple!ity of implementing product software differs on several issues.

'!amples are2 the number of end users that will use the product software, the

effects that the implementation has on changes of tasks and responsibilities for the

end user, the culture and the integrity of the organi*ation where the software is

going to be used and the budget available for ac/uiring product software. -n

e!ample of IlargerJ product software is the implementation of an 'nterprise

"esource Planning system. The implementation re/uires indepth insights on the

architecture of the organi*ation as well as of the product itself, before it can be

aligned. ?e!t, the usage of an '"P system involves much more dedication of the

end users as new tasks and responsibilities will never be created or will be shifted.

Process modeling, used to align product software and organi*ational

structures, involves a major issue, when the conclusion is drawn that the product

software and the organi*ational structure do not align well enough for the software

to be implemented. =n this case, two alternatives are possible2 the customi*ation of

the software or the redesign of the organi*ational structure, thus the business

processes.



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%ustomi*ing the software actually transforms the product software in tailor

made software, as the idea of standardi*ed software no longer applies. This may

result in loss of support on the software and the need to ac/uire consultancy when

issues arise in the usage of the software. %ustomi*ing however results in a

situation where the organi*ational integrity is not adjusted, which puts less

pressure on the end users, as less changes or shifts in workflows are re/uired. This

fact may positively add to the acceptance of any new product software application

used and may thus decrease the implementation time and budget on the soft side of

the implementation budget.

"edesigning business processes is more sensible for causing resistance in

the usage of product software, as altered business processes will alter tasks and

responsibilities for the end users of the product software. 8owever, while the

product software is not altered, better support, training and service levels are

possible, because the support was created for the specific integrity of the software.

-nother issue on the implementation process of product software is the

choice, or actually the /uestion, to what e!tent an implementation method should

be used. =mplementation methods can on the one hand be used as a guiding

principle, indicating that the method serves as a global idea about how the

implementation phase of any project should run. This choice leaves more room for

situational factors that are not taken into account in the chosen method, but will

result in ambiguity when /uestions arise in the e!ecution of the implementation

process.



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5.2 S(!tem Pe!8e0t%'e

This system consists of four modules2 door control, display system,

location tracking with GPS and speed control. The door control system is used to

ensure the safety of passengers while entering the bus, the decision when to open

the bus and to close the bus, for this purpose we are fitting a sensor which is placed

on the lowest step of the bus, when the passenger steps on the step having the

sensor, the sensor detects that a passenger is entering into the bus and hence locks

the brake system of the bus, hence preventing the driver from taking the bus when

a passenger is entering into the bus. The display system is used to display the

major bus stops that a bus will stop at while travelling to a particular destination.

The display system will be displayed similar to the one in metro)s where it will

highlight when a stop has reached. ith the location tracking system serves as aviable notification system that will effectively assist the passengers in making the

decision of whether to wait for the bus or not which is achieved with the help of

GPS. Speed control can be obtained by displaying the current speed that the driver

is going on to the passengers, which makes the passengers aware hence placing a

step in the reduction of rash driving related accidents.

5.3 P"du0t Fu&0t%"&!



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ith the door control system, the bus driver and conductor can ensure the

safety of the passengers getting into the bus. ith the display system, the

passengers become aware of the places when he is travelling in order to know if he

has reached a particular stop. ith the location tracking using GPS the passenger

can decide whether or not to wait for a particular bus. ith the speed control the

passengers are made aware of the current speed the driver is going in, which in

turn alerts the driver to go slow down since he knows that everyone knows the

speed in which he is going.

5.3 M"due De!0%8t%"&!

5.3.1 M"due 1; < D"" C"&t" S(!tem

ith the help of motion detection sensors and the use of #% motor we open and

close the door. The system implements a door control system which ensures the

safety of the passenger while and entering and leaving the bus. henever a

passenger gets or leaves the bus, due to the lack of concentration or proper timing

the driver may not see who is entering or leaving the bus and after a moment of

time will start the bus to take off, causing the person either entering or leaving to

fall of the bus or get hurt while climbing the bus. So in order to prevent this we are

using a motion detection sensor to detect the footstep of the person, entering and

leaving the bus and based on the output there will be decision of whether to open

or close the bus

5.3.2 M"due 2; < Ba4e C"&t" S(!tem

ith the help of relay switch, we can lock and unlock the brake.

'ntering of the passenger on the bus.

The footstep sensor detects whether there is a passenger on the lowest step of the

bus, i.e. entering the bus, if so the footstep sensor will set as D which indicates

there is a person on the lowest step and sends a signal to the relay switch that a

person is entering the bus, thus locking the brake control system and preventing

the user from taking the bus and closing the door.



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7eaving of passengers from the bus.

hile a passenger is leaving the bus, the footstep sensor will detect the presence of

the passengers footstep at the lowest step of the bus, thus the footstep sensor will

set its value as D which indicates the presence of the passenger on the lowest step,

and sends a signal to the relay switch which then locks the brake system.

5.3.3 M"due 3; < L"0at%"& Ta04%&$ U!%&$ GPS

The location tracking using GPS system and its display enables the users to

know the current location and display it with the help of 7'#)s. The display of

location or position of the bus is a very helpful factor so that passengers will know

where they are at that e!act moment. Passengers travelling long distance, or who

are new to a particular place can rely on the location display system to know where

they are. This display of location is done with the help of global positioning

tracking system. ith the help of this tracking system, passengers can identify the

location. This will be helpful to newcomers and also those traveling at night time

during rain to identify the locations.

5.3.- M"due -; < S8eed D%!8a(

"ash driving is another factor. "ash driving is the careless driving without

thinking about the safety of driving. Bus drivers, when driving with high speed

will lead to rash driving causing harm to people inside and outside of the bus, but

when we know when the driver is over speeding we cannot complain. This is

because even if we complain the drivers won)t slow down. So, for this purpose we

are setting a display which displays the speed.

6. TESTING METHODOLOG)



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6.1 TESTING OBJECTIES

There are several rules that can serve as testing objectives. They are2

L Testing is a process of e!ecuting a program and finding a bug.

L - good test is one that has a high probability of finding an undiscovered

error.

L - successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error.

=f testing is conducted successfully according to the objectives as stated above,

it would uncover errors in the software. -lso testing demonstrates that software

functions appear to be working according to the specification, that performance

re/uirements appear to have been met.

There are three ways to test a program2

• ;or correctness

• ;or implementation efficiency

• ;or computational comple!ity

Tests for correctness are meant to verify that a program does e!actly what it

was designed to do. This is much more tedious than it may at first appear,

especially for large programs.

Tests of implementation attempts to find ways to make correct program

faster or use less storage. =t is a code refining process, which ree!amines the

implementation phase of algorithm development. Tests for computational

comple!ity amount to an e!perimental analysis of the comple!ity of an algorithm

or an e!perimental comparison of two or more algorithms, which solve the same

problem.

The defects in the software are detected using Software Testing. =t helps to

test the correctness, completeness and consistency of the project.

Testing involves three strategies2

D L


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+ L =ntegrated Testing

H L :alidation Testing

6.2 UNIT TESTING


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successfully with this simple data. The need for integrated system is to find the

overall system performance. =n integration testing, we combine various modules.

6.- ALIDATION TESTING

The validation testing focuses on user A visible actions and user A

recogni*able outputs from the system. =n this testing, the entire software system is

tested. Testing here focuses on the e!ternal behavior of the system6 the internal

logic of the system is not emphasi*ed. :alidation testing can be defined in many

ways, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds when the software

functions in a manner that can be reasonably accepted by the user0customer.

Software validation is achieved through a series of black bo! tests that demonstrate

conformity with re/uirements. -fter validation test has been completed, one of the

following two possible conditions e!ists2

D5 The function or performance characteristics confirm to the specification and are

accepted.

+5 - deviation from specification is uncovered and a deficiency list is created.

#eviation or errors discovered at this step in this project is corrected prior to the

completion of the project is the help of users by negotiating to establish a method

of resolving deficiencies.

Thus, the proposed system under consideration has been tested by using

validation testing and found to be working satisfactory.

=. CONCLUSION

=.1 SUMMAR)



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SmartBus 30

Project SmartBus, ensures that the safety of passengers, giving the

information of location and alerting on over speed conditions. These features are

used to ensure the safe entry and e!it of the passengers. =t also provides a safe door

control mechanism for the opening and closing of the door and a brake control

system to control the bus.

=.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE +OR,

=mplementing Bluetooth and i;i 4odules.

7ight variation using sensors to open and close the door.

Sound alert of location



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SmartBus 31

. REFERENCES

+EB PAGE RESOURCES

• http200www.agilemodelling.com0artifacts0use%ase#iagram.htm

• http200www.agilemodelling.com0artifacts0se/uence#iagram.htm

• http200www.gis+gps.com0GPS0GPS#';0gpsdef.html

• http200whatis.techtarget.com0definition0usecasediagram

• https200www.lucidchart.com0pages0whatisase/uencediagramin


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SmartBus 32

APPENDI* A

PROGRAM LISTING

sbit openNsw at "-Nbit6

sbit closeNsw at "-DNbit6

sbit bu**er at "-+Nbit6

sbit bu**erNdir at T"=S-+Nbit6

sbit footNsense at "-Nbit6

sbit doorNmot- at "BHNbit6

sbit doorNmotB at "BNbit6

sbit doorNmot-Ndir at T"=SBHNbit6

sbit doorNmotBNdir at T"=SBNbit6

00 7%# module connections

sbit 7'#ND at "BDNbit6

sbit 7'#N+ at "B+Nbit6

sbit 7'#NH at "-HNbit6

00sbit 7'#N at "#HNbit6

sbit 7'#NDN#irection at T"=SBDNbit6

sbit 7'#N+N#irection at T"=SB+Nbit6

sbit 7'#NHN#irection at T"=S-HNbit6

sbit 7'# at "%+Nbit6

sbit 7'#N#irection at T"=S%+Nbit6

sbit relay at "BFNbit6

sbit relayNdir at T"=SBFNbit6

00 'nd 7%# module connections

00unsigned char outputQ@R6

00unsigned char uartNdat,t!tNarrNptr,chrNcount,plusNcheck6



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SmartBus 33

unsigned char subNtimeO6

unsigned char strQRO,,,6 00:alue to be decoded

unsigned int dNnoO6

unsigned int speedO,speedNcapO,speedNcountO6

unsigned char secO6

const char

maskQRO!@D,!%;,!U+,!@E,!%%,!-,!-,!@;,!@,!@6 007$$1


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SmartBus 34

if3 speedOO && footNsense5 00speed O and footsenseO

doorNmot-O6

doorNmotBOD6 00door will close

relayOD6 00wheel will rotate

else

doorNmot-O6

doorNmotBO6

bu**erOD6

delayNms3+56

bu**erO6

relayO6

else

doorNmot-O6

doorNmotBO6

void display3void5

7'#NDO6

7'#N+O6



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SmartBus 35

7'#NHO6

P$"T#OmaskQstrQdNnoRR6

switch3dNno5

case 2

7'#NDOD6

break6

case D2

7'#N+OD6

break6

case +2

7'#NHOD6

break6

dNno996

if3dNnoV+5

dNnoO6

void interrupt3void5



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SmartBus 36

if3P="D.T4"+=;5

7'#N#irectionO6

P="D.T4"+=;O6 00%lear interrupt flag

subNtime996

display356

if3subNtimeVD+5

7'#O7'#6

subNtimeO6

sec996

if3secVH5

secO6

speedNcapOspeedNcount6

speedNcountO6

else if3=?T%$?.=?T;5

=?T%$?.=?T;O6

speedNcount996



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SmartBus 37

void main35

-#%$?DO!F6

00 T"=S-O!6

00 T"=SBO!D6 00=nitiali*ing P$"TB

T"=S#O6 00=nitiali*ing P$"T#

00 T"=S%O6

bu**erNdirO6

doorNmot-NdirO6

doorNmotBNdirO6

relayNdirO6

7'#NDN#irectionO6

7'#N+N#irectionO6

7'#NHN#irectionO6

T+%$?O!;6 00Set timer+ for overflow rate of D+Ch*

P"+OD+6

speedO6

bu**erOD6

#elayNms3D56

bu**erO6



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SmartBus 38

uartDNinit3UE56

=?T%$?O!%6

=?T%$?.=?T'OD6

P='DO!+6

while3D5

speedOspeedNcap6

strQRO3speed0D5WD6

strQDRO3speed0D5WD6

strQ+ROspeedWD6

00 P$"T%O!H6

door356

smart bus report

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