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TRANSCRIPT
SMART BUILDINGS, SMART PEOPLE? EMPLOYING ENERGY CONSERVATION BEHAVIORS IN COLLEGES
MARCH 29, 2016
Scott Finlinson, PhD Samantha Trbovich, MBA
AGENDA
The Case for a Holistic Approach
Sustainability = Good Economic Sense
A Unique Behavior Change Approach
Real World Results
Q&A: Comments About Generalizability
SUSTAINABILITY'S TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE (TBL)
According to John Elkington, there are three pillars of sustainability:
People Profit
TBL PEOPLE
Green schools, on average, use one third less energy than conventional schools.
Reduced electricity and gas use in buildings means lower emissions of pollutants (due to avoided burning of fossil fuels) that are damaging to human health, to the environment, and to property.
Enhanced security due to less maintenance and/or non-functioning equipment
Wise use of taxpayer dollars
Better working conditions for employees – improved safety
Greener image for surrounding community Sources: www.epa.gov/air/sect812/1990-2010/fullrept.pdf; and Jonathan Samet et al., www.healtheffects.org/Pubs/Samet2.pdf.
TBL PLANET
Rising sea levels
Extreme weather
Full landfills
Water shortages
Minimizing our impact on the environment is a good thing, and is the right thing to do for our children and their children’s future.
TBL: PROFITS
A national review of 30 green schools demonstrates that the construction of green schools cost 2% or less than conventional schools - or about $3 per square foot - but provide financial benefits that are 20 times as large.
Financial benefits of green schools ($/ft2)
Hedge against future energy price increases
Financial Benefits of Green Schools ($/ft2)
Energy $9
Emissions $1
Water & Wastewater $1
Increased Earnings $49
Asthma Reduction $3
Cold & Flu Reduction $5
Teacher Retention $4
Employment Impact $2
Total $74
Cost of Greening ($3)
Net Financial Benefits $71 Source: www.cap-e.com
ENERGY SAVINGS PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
Upgrades at Your Building - Improve building infrastructure
- Reduce energy and operating costs
- Upgrade energy consuming systems
Leverage Operating Budget - Preserve capital – project is self-funding
Project Performance/Savings Guaranteed - No risk business proposition
- ESCO bears performance risk
- Energy Savings Performance Contract
20-year contract - Savings pay for the upgrades
ENERGY & UTILITY Costs
MAINTENANCE Costs
SAVINGS Greater or equal to retrofit cost
BEFORE PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
AFTER PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
SAMPLE PROJECT WITH TYPICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES (ECMs)
Energy Efficient Lighting Upgrades
- Upgrade 9,200 light fixtures
Water Efficiency Upgrades
- Retrofit/upgrade 5,000 fixtures
Central Plant Upgrades
- Install central plant burner controls & integrate ECMs
- Re-pipe/reconfigure condensate return
- Replace and monitor steam trap
Controls Systems Enhancements
- Implement monitoring and control capabilities of ECMs
- Correct HVAC deficiencies in camp
Window Replacements
- Replace approximately 14,500 ft2 of operating windows
- Replace approximately 2,300 ft2 of fixed windows
WHY DON’T BUILDINGS PERFORM AS EXPECTED?
New equipment not optimized
Interaction of old and new equipment
Building occupants
Interaction of old and new equipment and building occupants
BUILDING OCCUPANT ISSUES
Occupants uninformed about building’s energy consumption and costs
Poorly trained operations and maintenance staff
Staff turnover
Nefarious behavior
????
BUILDING OCCUPANT SOLUTIONS
Awareness-Communication
Education
Buy-in
Engagement
Feedback
Holistic approach to creating smart buildings and smart people
Background
THE CASE FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE
BEFORE PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING AFTER PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
ENERGY & UTILITY Costs MAINTENANCE Costs
SAVINGS Greater or equal to retrofit costs PEOPLE SAVINGS Additional reduction of energy cost
“After completing a building retrofit project, employee energy consumption (e.g. plug load) becomes a greater percentage of the total utility spend and must be addressed” - Dr. Finlinson
ENERGY CONSERVATION THROUGH BEHAVIOR CHANGE® TREATMENT VS CONTROL
Building-Level Metered Water Consumption Comparison
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
ECTBC Residence Hall Control Residence Hall
Pre-Program Post-Program
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
ECTBC Residence Hall
Building-Level Metered Electricity
Consumption Comparison
kWh
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HISTORY OF SUCCESS
A Decade+ of Measured Change
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Mid-Western University
Mid-Western University
Kutztown University
Hawaii DAGS
UMass Dartmouth
Berks Heim Nursing Home
BUILDING ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION
BUILDING ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION
BUILDING WATER
CONSUMPTION
FOCAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE
FOCAL BEHAVIOR
CHANGE
ALL MEASURED BEHAVIOR CHANGES
FOCAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE
REDUCED
13.8%
METERED
REDUCED
24.0%
METERED
IMPROVED
47.3%
SELF-REPORT
IMPROVED
22.0%
SELF-REPORT
IMPROVED
9.9%
SELF-REPORT
REDUCED
8.1%
METERED
IMPROVED
12.7%
SELF-REPORT
FOCAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE
IMPROVED
29.0%
SELF-REPORT
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Allegheny County, PA
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University of Mary Washington
SELF-REPORT
FOCAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE
IMPROVED
18.5%
Berks County, PA
SELF-REPORT
IMPROVED
6.4%
FOCAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE
PROVEN PROCESS
Human Behavior Energy Audit SM
- Establish human energy baseline
- Identify impactful behaviors
Awareness-Communication
- Necessary, but insufficient first step
- Engaged students, staff, community
Sustainable Behavior Change
- Proven social-cognitive behavior change
- Fully custom program aimed towards assimilation
Existing Program Alignment
- Integrates with current efforts
- Broadens and supports successful initiatives
HUMAN BEHAVIOR ENERGY AUDITSM
One-on-one interviews, focus groups of “like” energy consumers, web-based survey for all
Measures energy conservation attitudes, awareness, knowledge, and behavior of organization’s employees
Identifies opportunities and barriers to conserving energy.
Tell us about these behaviors at work. Pre-Survey % Desired
When I leave my workspace, I turn off fan/AC 77.3%
When I leave an unoccupied workspace, I turn off lights 74.5%
When I'm finished using printer/speakers, I turn them off 54.5%
When I'm finished using my computer, I turn it off 53.8%
I turn off water faucet when I'm finished 99.1%
How often do you utilize the community or shared printer? 67.5%
I turn off a power strip with devices when not in use 15%
Results excerpt from Allegheny County’s HBEA
HUMAN BEHAVIOR ENERGY AUDITSM
A Human Behavior Energy AuditSM revealed which energy conservation practices students were already participating in and which required further program focus.
AWARENESS-COMMUNICATION
SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOR CHANGE
KNOWLEDGE COMMITMENT MODEL PERSUADE PROMPT CULTURE SHIFT
FEEDBACK
Focus on four energy saving behaviors
Annual Community Assistant training
Material and activity support
Program analysis and feedback
EXISTING PROGRAM ALIGNMENT
Student Collaboration and Interns We have worked with several students since the beginning of the contract to integrate their interest with the program. Harrison created comics that used the Kutztown mascot, Avalanche, to encourage the focal behaviors.
The student group is now integrated with the Housing office to increase sustainable practices. They have been the driving force behind water bottle refill stations in residence halls that reduce disposable water bottle usage on campus.
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE: WIN, WIN, WIN
Greater awareness and acceptance of project
Occupants are better educated about ECMs
Smooth transitions
Marketing and press opportunities
Improved organizational culture
Certifications such as LEED®, AASHE, STAR CommunitiesSM
Additional problems and opportunities identified
Sustainability goals achieved
Initiatives strengthened
Frequent contact with a variety of customer decision makers
Improved communication throughout organization
Energy savings over and above other ECMs
Help sustain the savings stream over the performance period
Insert same image as on title page
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS