small/medium farmer in sub-saharan africa & usaid agricultural strategy michael satin / afr/sd
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Small/Medium Farmer in Sub-Saharan Africa & USAID Agricultural Strategy Michael Satin / AFR/SD USAID September 2004. Small/Medium Scale Farming. 70% of African households income comes from Agriculture Agriculture represents 30% – 40% of Africa's GDP - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Small/Medium Farmer in Sub-Saharan Africa&
USAID Agricultural Strategy
Michael Satin / AFR/SD USAID
September 2004
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Small/Medium Scale Farming
• 70% of African households income comes from Agriculture
• Agriculture represents 30% – 40% of Africa's GDP
• Accounts for almost 60 percent of Africa's export income
• Small-scale farms represent 90 percent of Africa's agricultural production
IFAD 2003
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Challenges Faced by the Small Scale Farmer
• Low land productivity, • Inadequate rural infrastructure, • Vulnerability to natural disasters,
and;• High levels of insecurity. • Africa is plagued by a high
prevalence of HIV/AIDS - significantly reduces Agriculture production.
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Challenges
• High levels of poverty and malnutrition
• Declining food security in many countries
• Low crop yields; population growth rates have exceeded agricultural production growth
• Land degradation & deforestation
• Declining role for Africa in world trade (i.e. down to only 2% of world agricultural trade, only 1% of overall world trade)
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Hunger in Africa is expected to rise
231
206
2003 2007 2011 2015
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
unde
rnou
rishe
d (m
illio
ns)
103
Year 2011
Sub-SaharaAfrica50%
Rest of the
World50%
Year 2001
Sub-Sahara Africa38%
Rest of the
World62%
Increasing Share of Global Hunger
(USDA, 2002):
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Per Capita Food Production Across Subregions
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Old Model• Focus of past efforts – large scale, industrial
agricultural production.
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Old Model Development Theories
• Development is measured primarily by increased material consumption
• Efficiency measured by the “bottom line”
• Increasing farm size leads to increases in productivity through economies of scale
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The New Model
Focus efforts on increasing yields for small scale / subsistence farmers.
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Characteristics of The New Model
• The average subsistence farm is half to one hectare in size
• May be simultaneously growing various crops such as: cassava, sorghum, millet, dairy, and vegetables
• Household size is 5-7 people with approx. 1-2 adults managing
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Strategic USAID Themes• Expanding Global, Regional, and Domestic
Trade Opportunities and Improving Capacity• Improving the Social, Economic, and
Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture• Mobilizing Science and Technology and
Fostering a Capacity for Innovation• Broadening Agricultural Training and
Education, Outreach, and Adaptive Research
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Expanding Trade Opportunities and Improving the Capacity of Farmers• Expand access to
credit
• Develop Farming Cooperatives
• Improve access to commodity storage and processing technologies
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•Science Policy, Strategies, and Governance Systems•Technology Development and Application•Public/Private Sector Partnerships and Networks•National Innovation Capacity
Mobilizing Science and Technology Mobilizing Science and Technology and Fostering Capacity for Innovationand Fostering Capacity for Innovation
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Broadening Agricultural Training and Education
• Education and Training
• Information and Communication Technologies
• Problem-Based Site-Specific Learning
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• Food Security and Nutrition• Health and HIV/AIDS• Assets and Risk Management• Gender Equality• Good Economic and Political Governance• Expanded Alliances
Complimentary Themes
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Initiative to End Hunger in Africa (IEHA) Overview
Initiative was announced at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, implemented in
2003 in three countries & three regions
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Initiative to End Hunger in Africa
Goal:
“To help significantly reduce hunger and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa ”
Objective:“To rapidly and sustainably increase agricultural growth and rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa”
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IEHA’s Distinguishing Features – I
A market-oriented and smallholder-based growth strategy to reduce hunger and poverty in Africa
A sub-Saharan Africa-wide strategy that focuses investments in those countries that will serve as models of success as well as growth poles
National development strategies will be complemented by regional ones to help generate regional growth dynamics
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IEHA recognizes that hunger and poverty will not be solved by agriculture alone – advances also needed in health, education, infrastructure, environment and public policy management
To ensure success, IEHA will focus on countries whose leaders are committed to growth and hunger reduction as a priority development concern.
IEHA will build alliances and constituencies with other development partners
IEHA’s Distinguishing Features - II
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Focal areas of a New Initiative for Africa
1. Technology systems and applications that support agricultural growth and economic transformation (TARGET).
2. Improving the efficiency and equity of agricultural market and trade systems.
3. Community-based farmer organizations, to deliver grower, business and environmental services.
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Focal areas of a New Initiative for Africa Con’t.
4. Building the human capacity to shape and lead the policy, technical and service development efforts.
5. Ensure that vulnerable groups have access to services and markets (especially those in transition from crisis to development)
6. Ensure that economically important land use systems are developed in an environmentally sustainable manner.
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IEHA Results on the Ground • Uganda: Biotechnology Policy Development / Biosafety Commission / Biotechnology Research / Fisheries Research and Dissemination / Investing in the Development of Export Agriculture (IDEA) Project
• REDSO: Regional Agricultural Trade Expansion Support (RATES), Seed policy harmonization, Fine Coffee Association
• Mozambique: Formation of Farmer Associations / Export marketing and rice and cashew production projects has a crucial producer association support components
•RCSA: Dissemination of low-external-input technologies and farming methods to smallholder farmers; and (b) Development of strategies to mitigate HIV/AIDS and other impacts
•WARP: Support to Regional Market Information Networks
•Mali: The Mali Trade Promotion project has a crucial producer association support components.
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Other USAID African AG Programs
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The goal of STCP is to improve the economic and social well-being of smallholders and the environmental sustainability of tree crop farms STCP Program Structureregional program in 5 West African countries—Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, and Nigeria7 national pilot projects, working directly with farmer organizationsworks with the ILO/IPEC regional project on Child Labor and with organizations such as with SOCODEVI in Côte d’Ivoire
Sustainable Tree Crops Program
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Conclusion
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Agriculture (especially smallholder agriculture) is the vehicle out of hunger and poverty
About 80% of the African population derive their food and economic livelihood from rural Agriculture
Over 70% of the African labor force is employed in Agriculture
African Agriculture contributes over 30% to overall GDP
40% of Africa’s export earnings are from Agriculture
In most countries, smallholder agriculture accounts for more than half of the total value of agricultural production, and up to 96% in some
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THANK YOU!THANK YOU!