small-scale solar power solar power rangers. project definition small scale, non-photovoltaic, 20...
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![Page 1: Small-Scale Solar Power Solar Power Rangers. Project Definition Small Scale, non-photovoltaic, 20 Watts at 12 V continuous. Small Scale, non-photovoltaic,](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110207/56649d2d5503460f94a04882/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Small-Scale Solar Power
Solar Power Rangers
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Project Definition
• Small Scale, non-photovoltaic, 20 Watts at 12 V continuous.
• Competition: Photovoltaic
• Applications: 3rd world countries, disaster relief
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Our Approach
Collection
Conversion
Storage
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Design vs Prototype
• Design for the final product
• Prototype key components of the design to assess concept feasibility
• Final Result: two distinct products
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Final Product
![Page 6: Small-Scale Solar Power Solar Power Rangers. Project Definition Small Scale, non-photovoltaic, 20 Watts at 12 V continuous. Small Scale, non-photovoltaic,](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110207/56649d2d5503460f94a04882/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Parabolic Trough
• Features– Why?– End-plates– Reflecting Material– Heat Transfer
Mechanism
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Why a Trough?
• Trough– Mature technology– Ease of construction– ONE degree of freedom/tracking
• Set once per day according to date and global position
• Dish– Relatively young technology– More difficulty in physical realization– TWO degrees of freedom/tracking
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End-plates
• Features– Parabolic– Open-ended
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Alignment
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Reflective Film
• Southwall/ReflecTech– Southwall film is
enhanced with environmental inhibitors to protect the silver from oxidation and PSA for easy application
– Nominal reflectance = 94%
*Courtesy Southwall Technologies
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Evacuated Glass Solar Tube
• Apricus Tubes– Dewar’s flask
configuration– Al-N/Al coating– Absorptance > 92%– Non-wicking heat
pipe• 30° Elevation
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Trough Recap
• Provides heat focusing method• Utilizes developed and proprietary
products• Nominal efficiency expectancy
– 94% reflectance x 92% absorptance = 86.5% efficient
– Results of tests in conclusion
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Stirling Engine: Rationale
• No phase change required• Effective over wide range of energy
inputs
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Stirling Engine: Virtual Demonstration
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Stirling Cycle
• Assuming Qin = 267 W, achieve Wout = 67 W– This means 40 W electrical
• Minimize DT across heat sink– Proper choice of fin dimensions
• Maximize power delivered to flywheel– Proper sizing of linkages
• Maximize efficiency of cycle– Appropriate engine sizing
T∞
Tb
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Heat Sink• Number of fins N
and thickness t• Expected DT = 13 oC
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Cylinder
• Dimensions D, L, S
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S = 0.833 L
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L = 12 in
D = 5 in
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Links• Link lengths r2, r3
r2 = 6 in
r3 = 8 in
Tavg = 65.2 N-m, w = 9rpm
P = 61.4 W
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Stirling Engine:Feasibility
• Nominal Case– h = 26%– Qin = 267 W >> Wout = 69.5 W
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Prototype
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Calorimeter
• Measures thermal power output• Ideal calorimeter has zero heat loss
– Insulated thermos with lid• Convection inside calorimeter
– Measure T after stirring water
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Stirling Engine
• Bought versus build yourself• Engine Issues
– Tolerances– Seals– Thermal Expansion
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Embedded Intelligence Logic
Engine Rotating?
ΔT ≥ 20 °C
NO
Light LEDYES
YES
NO
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Lessons Learned
• Solar Collection Test Results
• Desired Power ≥ 175 W/m2
• Average efficiency of 78%• Trough vs. Dish, revisited
Date Conditions Power (W) Power per Area (W/m2)
11 April Partly Cloudy 48.16 147.24
14 April Clear 62.67 191.60
14 April Clear 60.81 185.91
Average 57.21 174.91
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Lessons Learned, cont.• Engine configuration
– Binding due to moments– Alternatives?
Image from Wikipedia
Rhombic DriveBasic Crank-Slider
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Conclusions
• Feasible– Will be able to meet power requirements
• Continuing Development• Not competitive for small scale
applications– High manufacturing cost– System placement– System complexity
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Questions
The Solar Power Rangers are:Phillip Hicks,
Kevin Kastenholz, Derek Lipp, Paul Nistler,
and Rachel Paietta