SMALL-SCALE LNG SOLUTIONS

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SMALL-SCALE LNG SOLUTIONS

What is LNG

Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is natural gas in its liquid form.

When natural gas is cooled down to -161°C (-259°F) through a process known as liquefaction, it becomes a clear, colorless, odorless liquid that can be transported and stored more easily than natural gas because it occupies up to 600 times less space.

When LNG reaches its destination, it is returned to a gas at regasification facilities. It is then piped to homes, businesses and industries.

LNG is neither corrosive nor toxic. Natural gas is primarily methane,

A typical LNG process

The gas is first extracted and trans-ported to a processing plant where it is purified by removing any conden-sates such as water, oil, mud, as well as other gases such as CO2 and H2S.

An LNG process train will also typi-cally be designed to remove trace amounts of mercury from the gas stream to prevent mercury amalgam-izing with aluminium in the cryogenic heat exchangers.

The gas is then cooled down in stages until it is liquefied. LNG is finally stored in storage tanks and can be loaded and shipped.

with low concentrations of other hy-drocarbons, water, carbon dioxide, ni-trogen, oxygen and some sulfur com-pounds.

During the liquefaction process, natu-ral gas is cooled below its boiling point, removing most of these com-pounds. The remaining natural gas is primarily methane with only small amounts of other hydrocarbons. LNG weighs less than half the weight of water so it will float if spilled on water.

Transportation

Refrigeration

Liquefaction

Storage& loading

Transportation& marketing

Treatment

Condensateremoval

Mercury &H2S removal

CO2 removal

Dehydration

During the last decade,

liquefied natural gas (LNG) has

become the new black in the

gas industry and recognising

its huge market potential,

Kosan Crisplant is among the

first to venture into small-scale

LNG development. With the

cost-competitiveness and

environmental advantages of

LNG over petroleum products,

it is proving to be a viable

source of fuel globally even for

small-scale installations.

Liquefying natural gas will decrease the volume by a factor of around 600, enabling efficient sea transport as well as land transport where pipelines are not a suitable sustainable solution.

To meet this growing LNG market, es-pecially within small scale liquefac-tion plants, our highly qualified engi-neers have developed a product port-folio adapted to the needs of small scale LNG operators. A modularized approach is selected, where custom-ers can easily select a scope of supply adjusted to their specific project need.

Our reliable and innovative solutions are based on 60 years' experience from the LPG industry which we are now parlaying into the LNG industry. We have a broad spectrum of offerings including equipment and components for LNG, complemented by after-sales, engineering and facility management services.

The following pages will give you a picture of the different types of solutions that Kosan Crisplant can deliver for your LNG business.

LNG"Reduce pollution and the impact it has on human and planetary health"

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SMALL-SCALE LNG SOLUTIONS

1 Ship2 Road tanker with pump3 Road tanker4 Storage + pump unit5 Road tanker / Storage6 Kosan Crisplant pump unit

(patent pending)7 Industry8 Vaporizer

9 Liquefaction units10 Refrigeration plant11 Natural gas pipeline12 District heating unit13 Road tanker loading point14 Storage

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LNG terminal

Road tanker 1 Pump container Ferry

Road tanker 2

Stationarystorage tank(s)

LNG terminal

Road tanker Pump container Ferry

LNG terminal

Road tankerwith pump

Ferry

Stationarystorage tank(s)

Vaporizer End user

Road tanker

Stationarystorage tank(s)

Main grid

Road tankerLiquefactionTreatment

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SMALL-SCALE LNG SOLUTIONS

Bunkering solutions Industrial solution

Liquefaction solution

Applications• Ferriesandshipsinregularservice• Adhocsalestopassingships

Advantages• Ownstorage• Goodforrandomservices

Challenges• Lifetimeofproduct(boil-offtime)• Highamountofstorage• Permissions(VVM),publicworries

Applications• Industry

Advantages• Easyconversionoffuelburners• Noneedforsmokefiltering

systems• Lessserviceonburners

Challenges• Duetoproductboil-off,regular

consumption or delivery is necessary

Applications• Ferriesandshipsinregularservice• Adhocsalestopassingships

Advantages• Lowornoinvestmentin

infrastructure

Challenges• Distancetoterminal• Availibilityofroadtankerswith

pump unit

Applications• Ferriesandshipsinregularservice

(the 'Samsoe' solution)

Advantages• Nopermanentinstallation• Easyandfastproject• ApprovedbytheDanishauthorities• Lowamountofstorage

Challenges• Delivery'on-the-clock'• Distancetoterminal

The Kosan Crisplant LNG liquefaction plant is designed and built as a modular design, meaning that it can be scaled as production capacity increases. The plant can be modulated to produce from 50 to 150 tons/day.

A complete liquefaction plant only requires 10,000 m², including LNG storage of 500 m³ and truck loading, etc.

The plant is developed together with the Danish Technical University and some of the best engineers in the LNG field. The technologyusedisbasedonMCR(Multi

Component Refrigerant) and the solution can consist of up to four different circuits:

1 The natural gas network – the system is connected to the 40 or 80 bars gas grid

2 A normal conventional cooling system that separates the heavier hydrocarbons and pre-cools the natural gas

3 A condensation plant where a cooling system with multicompo-

nent refrigerants cools the natural gas down to approx. -150°C (liquefaction)

4 Hot water exchanger – In order to save on production costs we have the possibility of adding a hot water exchanger to take the excess heat out of the process and send it to i.e. the central heating system in the nearest city, etc.

The system will be produced and pre-assembled and shipped to site for easy installation and start-up.

Applications• LNGandLBGindustries• Small-scaleandmedium-scale

Advantages• Verylittlespaceisrequired–10,000m²• LNGissuppliedfromalocalsource• Shorttransportdistance• Short-termproductdeliverycontracts

available• Modularsolutions('goasyougrow')• Canbeofferedasaturnkeyinstallation

Challenges• Lackofanaturalgasgridonthewanted

location

05/2016BørgeMøllersGrafiskeHus•Aarhus

Kosan Crisplant a/sP.O. Pedersens Vej 22DK-8200 Aarhus NDenmark

Tel +45 87 40 30 00Fax +45 87 40 30 10sales@kosancrisplant.comservice@kosancrisplant.comwww.kosancrisplant.com/LNG

SMALL-SCALE LNG SOLUTIONS

Kosan Crisplant is a project-oriented corporation that supplies equipment, plants and systems for filling and maintenance of LPG cylinders and of-fers after-sales and engineering ser-vices, facility management, and sup-ply of components for the gas indus-try. Kosan Crisplant has also entered the market for small-scale LNG pro-jects.

Since 1951, Kosan Crisplant has sup-plied 2650 plants in 129 countries all over the world.

Kosan Crisplant has hubs in Algeria, Angola,Brazil,Cameroon,Denmark,France,India,Indonesia,Italy,Malay-sia,Mexico,Portugal,SaudiArabia,Sri Lanka, UK and USA and is the world-leading corporation within its field.