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SBS - Small Bore Sewer

The Small Bore Sewer (SBS) is a watertight small diameter wastewater collectionsystem that provides servicing with superior operational and environmental performance ata significantly lower cost as compared to historic gravity sewers.

Clearfords patented effluent sewer systems have successfully been in operation throughoutNorth American communities since 1989, and all of these SBS serviced communities arepositive references.

Key among its unique and value-added features, the SBS system:

Operates effectively in various climate and water flow conditions, and is an ideal

servicing option for challenging installations in communities with extremely low daily

water usage rates and/or low sewage generation flows;

Produces an effluent quality which enables treatment to a potable standard;

Eliminates groundwater infiltration and inflow, and prevents aquifer contamination by

ex-filtration, due to the thermally sealed materials stipulated in the system design;

Is installed at shallow depths allowing for a reduced need for heavy equipment, less

disruption to the community and its existing infrastructure, and the ability to employ

local labour;

Has been designed to convert waste solids to an alternative fuel source, biogas

(methane), resulting in a reduction in the overall volume of sludge to be treated and

elimination of the requirement for solids delivery, handling and disposal;

Allows for captured biogas (methane) to be used to generate electricity; thereby

reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eliminating the discharge of biogas (methane)

into the environment;

With the SBS as the enabling foundation technology, Clearford delivers, on a globalbasis, turnkey, fixed-price wastewater collection, treatment, and energy generationsolutions.

Clearfords Distributed Digester:

Clearfords Distributed Digester is a decentralized primary wastewater treatment and

methane capture and conversion facility. The Digester produces bio-gas as a result of theconversion of bio-solids to biogas (methane). The design of the digester has been optimizedfor hydraulic mixing to achieve maximum conversion, and uses non-mechanical, passiveprocesses to collect and convey the methane to the collection hub or methane conversionfacility.

The Digester separates solids from liquids, and contains and directs a predominantly solids-free liquid effluent by gravity through small diameter pipes to the treatment plant. Thequality of the effluent is reflected in significantly reduced contaminant concentrations withtotal suspended solids reduced by 80%, biological oxygen demand by 29%, total Kjeldahlnitrogen by 25% and total phosphorus by 14%.

The Digester has unique attributes that promote anaerobic digestion and methanegeneration including passive hydraulic mixing, passive heat retention, and higher interactionbetween new substrate and old anaerobes. All of this means that solids are effectivelyeliminated at source.

As well, proprietary attenuation devices buffer surge flows, resulting in fewer designrequirements for collection and treatment, and a resulting reduction in cost for thesecomponents.

High Density Polyethylene (HPDE) Piping

Clearfords SBS uses small diameter, fused-jointHigh Density Polyethylene (HPDE) piping for itscollection mains, laterals and clean-out access

points. This pipe is stronger, more resilient andmore flexible than conventional PVC sewer pipe,and has a design life of over100 years, compared to35 years for PVC. HPDE requires minimal bedding,offering a more flexible range of layout possibilities.One roll of HDPE delivers up to 350 meters of pipe.All connections, bends and appurtenances arewelded on-site to create a sealed, leak-free pipingsystem that completely eliminates groundwaterinfiltration into the sewer system and the potentialfor sewage leaching into the environment, andensures consistent and predictable operation andmaintenance costs the lowest of any sewagecollection system.

Installation of Piping

HPDE piping allows two simple installation options open cut (digging small, shallow trenches) ortrenchless technology (TT) using horizontaldirectional drilling (HDD).

Both installation options cost significantly less thantraditional sewers, can be installed in a fraction ofthe time using local labour, and have a minimal

impact on the environment. In addition, the open cutmethod and the sealed nature of the HDPE pipingallows common trenching to be used for both waterand wastewater.

Clean-Out Access Holes

SBS maintenance clean-out access holes arevertical extensions of the HDPE sewer main systemand are designed along the sewer routing for futureaccess for flushing the piping system. The clean-outhousing is constructed with high-grade, durableHDPE ribbed culvert materials, and a secured castiron bolt-on lid. The maintenance access holes canbe installed in any accessible location along thepiping route. There is no scheduled maintenance ofthe pipe network for the life of the system. The onlyelements of routine maintenance are the effluentpump stations which are installed on an as-requiredbasis to deal with gradient requirements.

SBS Operational Benefits

Patented digestion process effectively eliminates bio-

solids

Primary treatment at source results in high quality

effluent, consistent flows, and consistent and lower

costs at treatment plant

HDPE piping is lower in cost and has a design life of

over 90 years

No scheduled pipe system maintenance for the life of

the system

SBS Environmental Benefits

21x reduction of greenhouse gases through methane

capture when compared to equivalent carbon dioxide

gas impact

Conveyance of methane for reuse in electricity

generation

Sealed system means zero groundwater infiltration and

zero sewage seepage

SBS Construction Benefits

Overall system is flexible, modular and adaptable

Shallow gradient piping installations eliminate need for

heavy equipment local manpower and hand tools can

be used for trenching

Piping is not sensitive to curvilinear alignment, inflective

gradients or sharp slope changes

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