slides: rivers and people in the neotropics: social and
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University of Colorado Law School University of Colorado Law School
Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Colorado Law Scholarly Commons
Coping with Water Scarcity in River Basins Worldwide: Lessons Learned from Shared Experiences (Martz Summer Conference, June 9-10)
2016
6-9-2016
SLIDES: Rivers and People in the Neotropics: Social and SLIDES: Rivers and People in the Neotropics: Social and
Ecological Science for Environmental Flows Ecological Science for Environmental Flows
Elizabeth P. Anderson
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/coping-with-water-scarcity-in-river-
basins-worldwide
Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Climate Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law
Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Hydrology
Commons, Indigenous, Indian, and Aboriginal Law Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Law and
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Citation Information Citation Information Anderson, Elizabeth P., "SLIDES: Rivers and People in the Neotropics: Social and Ecological Science for Environmental Flows" (2016). Coping with Water Scarcity in River Basins Worldwide: Lessons Learned from Shared Experiences (Martz Summer Conference, June 9-10). https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/coping-with-water-scarcity-in-river-basins-worldwide/16
Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School.
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Rivers and People in the Neotropics
Social and Ecological Science for Environmental Flows
Elizabeth P. Anderson Florida International University, Miami, FL
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Neotropical rivers are frontiers
for new scientific discovery.
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Slide courtesy of James Albert, Univ. of Louisiana
Neotropical freshwater fishes (>5600 species)
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Neotropical freshwater fishes: Species richness
Source: Albert, J.S. and R.E. Reis. 2011. Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes
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Neotropical ichthyology: Growth of knowledge Alpha taxonomy •1889: 1,000 species •1920: 2,000 species •1974: 3,000 species •2000: 4,000 species •2010: 5,000 species •2015: 5,600 species •Anticipated: >8,000
Sources: Albert & Reis. 2011; Reis et al. In press. Fish Biodiversity and Conservation in South America. Journal of Fish Biology.
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Neotropical rivers are
increasingly being altered by dams and water diversions.
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Global boom in hydropower dam construction
Source: Zarfl et al. 2014. Aquatic Sciences
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Hydropower development in Costa Rica (2003)
• >30 dams built in the 1990s • Plans to double generation capacity between 2004-14
Anderson et al. 2006, River Res App; Anderson et al. 2008, Aq Cons
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Hydropower in the Andean
Amazon (2016): • 97 existing / construction •160 planned
Anderson et al. in prep, PNAS
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Megaprojects: New strategies
for development
• What’s changed: size and number of projects
• Centerpieces of national growth processes
• Regional interlinking strategies
• Increasing role of Brazil and China – Financing – Internationalization
Source: Meyer & Huete-Perez. 2014. Nature
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The biodiversity and
ecosystem service costs of Neotropical dams and water
diversions are high.
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Western Amazonia Working Group (SNAP): Fishes, food security, and infrastructure (hydropower)
Source: Carlos Cañas, WCS; Science for Nature and People (SNAP), NCEAS
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Chambo River Basin, Ecuador
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Near Ibarra, Ecuador
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Madeira River, Bolivia/Brazil
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“…I have lived off of transportation, fishing, and learned to swim in the River…my grandparents enjoyed the River…I want to protect it for future generations.”
-lifelong Sarapiquí River riparian resident, Costa Rica
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The management response: Two stories
Honduras, Central America Peru, Upper Amazon
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Patuca River, Honduras
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PATUCA RIVER, HONDURAS
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Línea importante para reptiles
Línea máxima Ago - Dic
HURACAN MITCH!!!
Discussion of flow-ecology and flow-ecosystem services relationships
Línea mínima para transportación
El máximo nivel para los peces.
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Identification of critical areas where low flow can limit movement of canoes
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Management options for Patuca 3
Without environmental flow recommendations
With environmental flow recommendations
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Lessons for the Neotropics from the Patuca River Basin, Honduras
• E-flows initiatives as a kind of biological and social inventory – Opportunity to collect data, stimulate more science
• Importance of traditional ecological knowledge in understanding flow-ecology relationships – Observations of rivers over generations, knowledge of
temporal variability • Focus on a key ecosystem service in setting
recommendations for e-flows – Relatively simple estimations of what was needed to
move canoes
Source: TNC, ENEE; Esselman & Opperman 2010, Ecology & Society
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“A ellos van siempre los dólares…a nosotros van siempre los dolores.”
http://blog.nature.org/conservancy/2011/02/07/dolares-y-dolores-along-the-rio-patuca/
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Marañon River, Ecuador/Peru
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Hydropower dams in the
Marañon (2016): • 35 existing / construction •82 planned
Anderson et al. in prep, PNAS
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IIRSA: Integration of Regional Infrastructure of South America
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Pongo de Manserriche – Peru
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Source: J. Chuctaya, WCS-Peru
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Peruvian Amazon, Cordillera Escalera, Loreto: Importance of freshwater in Shawi cosmology
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The Field Museum: Rapid Inventory in Cordillera Escalera, Peruvian Amazon (2013)
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Shawi Cosmology: Water = source of strength
Source: Diana Alvira, The Field Museum; Huertas & Chanchari. 2012. Mitos del Pueblo Shawi sobre el Agua
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In progress: Demonstrating the cultural and ecological values of a free-flowing Marañon
• Amazon Waters Science for Nature and People (SNAP-NCEAS): scenarios – WCS Peru, TNC, others
• Marañon Waterkeeper / Remando Juntos: activism and local voices – Conservamos por Naturaleza, Peru; others
• Living Andean Rivers: scientific synthesis and capacity building on flow-ecology and flow-culture linkages – Florida International University, South American universities
• Computational sustainability framework for examining ecosystem-services impact of dams – Cornell, Florida International University, others
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In summary: • The Neotropics is a region in the midst of rapid
and irreversible change. • Rivers, their biodiversity, and the human
populations that depend on them are at the center of much of this change.
• The management and conservation response to Neotropical river alteration must consider both ecological and social information, together.
• Sometimes socio-cultural river linkages offer the strongest arguments for environmental flow management.
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Elizabeth Anderson: [email protected] Florida International University, Miami, FL
Photo: Peruvian Amazon, Field Museum