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Chuyn

Ti: Routing protocols trong

mng cm bin WSN

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Bo co mn hc

Thnh vin:

Trnh Vn t

Bi c Anh

Ng Vn t

GVHD: Hong Trng Minh

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NI DUNG

GII THIU V NG DNG CA WSN

TNG KT

CC GIAO THC NH TUYN TRONG WSN

Ch

uy

n

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I. Gii thiu v ng dng ca WSN

1.1 Gii thiu WSN (Wireless sensor network)

Mng cm bin khng dy (Wireless Sensor Network) bao gm

mt tp hp cc thit b cm bin s dng cc lin kt khng

dy (v tuyn, hng ngoi hoc quang hc) phi hp thc

hin nhim v thu thp thng tin d liu phn tn vi quy m

ln trong bt k iu kin v bt k vng a l no..

Gii thiu v ng dng ca WSN

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Hnh nh mt s nt cm bin

Mi nt cm bin bao gm 4 thnh phn c bn l:

- B cm bin

- B x l,

- B thu pht khng dy

- Ngun in


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WSN c ng dng u tin trong cc lnh vc qun s. Cng vi s pht trin ca

ngnh cng nghip iu khin t ng, robotic, thit b thng minh, mi trng, y t ...

WSN ngy cng c s dng nhiu trong hot ng cng nghip v dn dng


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1.2 ng dng ca WSN

Pht hin mn, cht c, nh

v, theo di s dch chuyn

thit b,kch hot thit b, v

kh qun s.


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1.2 ng dng ca WSN

Quns:


Theo di s xut hin v di

chuyn ca ng vt, gim st l

lt, bo, gi, ma ... pht hin

nhim, cht thi..

1.2 ng dng ca WSN

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Mi trng:

Y t :nh v, theo di

bnh nhn, h thng

bo ng khn cp ...


1.2 ng dng ca WSN

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Nhng thch thc chnh - Cp nt l cng sut tiu th, nng lng, kch thc vt l v gi thnh

- Cp mng l vn quy m ln ca mng cc i tng thng minh

V vy, giao thc nh tuyn phi chn la thng tin mt cch y khi lp

k hoch vn chuyn bn tin qua mng

Vn t ra lm th no xy dng c thut ton routing nhanh

chng m khng cn flood tt c cc nt trong mng nhm tm nhng ng

i m sao cho tng nng lng tiu tn l thp nht hoc t l gia lng

data truyn v nng lng tiu th l cao nht.


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Cc giao thc nh tuyn trong WSN

II. Cc giao thc nh tuyn trong WSN

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2.1 Topology Aware Routing Protocols


Giao thc Link state v Distance vector ch yu c s dng trong mng c dy. S dng cc thut ton nh tuyn Dijkstra

hoc Bellman-Ford xc nh ng i ngn nht t 1 nt cho ti

cc nt khc trong mng

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol v Routing

Information Protocol (RIP) l 2 giao thc ph bin nht s

dng Link state v Distance vetor

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Link State khng gi bng nh tuyn ca mnh , m ch gi tnh

trng ca cc ng link trong link state-database ca mnh i cho cc

router khc, cc router s p dng gii thut SPF (shortest path first ),

t xy dng routing-table ring cho mnh.

Distance vector mi router s gi routing-table ca mnh cho tt c

cc router c ni trc tip vi n .

Cc router so snh vi bng routing-table m mnh hin c v kim

tra li cc tuyn ng ca mnh vi cc tuyn ng mi nhn c,

tuyn ng no ti u hn s c a vo routing-table . Cc gi

tin update s c gi theo nh k (30 giy vi RIP ,90 giy i vi

IGRP) .


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14

L bin th ca link state v distance vetor cho mng di ng adhoc.

Giao thc Table driven v Giao thc On-demand

Giao thc Table driven

gi bng nh tuyn ca n cho cc nt ln cn n hoc gi cho tt c cc nt trong mng.Bng vic tt c cc nt u nm c cu hnh mng chung

v c th loi b cc tuyn ng c.

i biu trong l WRP (Wireless Routing Protocol) , DSDV (Dynamic

Destination Sequence Distance Vector) ,OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing)

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o On-demand routing( reactive routing)


ch to ra tuyn ng theo yu cu ca ngun.Tt c cc nt

trong mng u tham gia qu trnh nh tuyn, cc nt c tuyn

ng ch ti s gi tr v ngun thng tin nh tuyn. Mi nt

u lu tr thng tin v s dng n cho qu trnh gi tin

Giao thc s dng: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc

On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing, and Temporally

Ordered RoutingAlgorithm (TORA),

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2.2 Topology Unaware Routing Protocols

Giao thc Flooding, Gossiping, v Controlled Flooding

c da trn cng mt thit k nguyn tc: cc giao thc n gin,

khng i hi cu hnh mng t tin cho tin cy v tnh hiu qu.

Giao thc Flooding: Khi mi node nhn c 1 gi iu khin hay d

liu n s gi n tt c cc node xung quanh n. Sau khi truyn, mt gi i

theo tt c cc ng c th c cho n khi gi n ch.

Flooding vi thut ton n gin chuyn tip cc gi tin m khng thc hin chc nng kim sot vic lp li cc gi tin dn n chng ln.

Mt gi tin phi i qua nhiu nt hn cn thit, tiu tn rt nhiu nng

lng.

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o Gossiping v giao thc Controlled Flooding


c da trn tng tng t nh flooding nhng gim

c hn ch ca n

Vi gi d liu qung b gossiping ch yu cu mi nt gi

gi va nhn c n mt nt ngu nhin ln cn, khi nhn

c nt gi ti 1 nt ngu nhin khc. Qu trnh tip tc

cho ti khi gi n c ch hay hop count b gii hn trnh

c chng ln

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o nh tuyn Rumor


c da trn tng rng hai dng ngu nhin trong mt hnh

vung c mt xc sut tng i cao giao nhau. Phng php cho

thy ci thin 69-99,7% so vi flooding

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o Giao thc nh tuyn trung tm d liu (Data-centric)


Loi giao thc nh tuyn m c kh nng chn ra tp hp cc nt v thc hin tp trung d liu trong sut qu trnh truyn

Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN): l giao thc u tin thuc loi ny s dng vic dn xp d liu gia cc nt gim bt

d tha d liu v tit kim nng lng.

SPIN s dng thng ip d liu qung b (ADV), bn tin request (REQ) v cc gi d liu / tin nhn (DATA).

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Bc 1: Gi ADV

(Advertise)

Bc 2: Gi REQ

(Request) yu cu

d liu.

Bc 3:Gi bn tin

DATA

Bc 4:Pht bn

tin ADV(metadata)

cha m t d liu

cho cc nt cn li

Bc 5:Cc nt

xung quanh gi bn

tin REQ

Bc 6: DATA li

c truyn n cc

nt m yu cu d liu

ny.

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Directed Diffusion( giao thc truyn tin trc tip)


L giao thc trung tm gi liu i vi vic truyn v phn

b thng tin trong mng WSN.

Giao thc gm 4 thnh phn chnh

Thng tin yu cu (interest) Cc bn tin d liu (data messages) Gradient

Reinforcement

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Giai on 2 mi nt

cm bin lu thng tin

yu cu trong b nh

ca n v to ra mt

gradient pha cc nt

m n nhn c

yu cu.

Giai on 1

trm gc floods

mt m t cng

vic,cho tt c cc

nt cm bin

trong mng.

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Giai on 3

b thu gi cc gi

tin hng ti

ngun tng gi tr

ca gradient.

o Giao thc nh tuyn da trn v tr (location-based)


Cc gi tin c nh tuyn da trn v tr ca mt tp hp cc

node c ni trc tip vi nhau v v tr ca cc im n

cui cng.

Hai giao thc quan trng trong giao thc nh tuyn ny l

GAF v GAER

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Hnh 2.3 M t mt s la

chn thay th c bit n

rng ri lm nh tuyn

cc b (local routing)


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5/21/2015

Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol


- L 1 giao thc nh tuyn theo thng tin v tr a l ca cc

nt tham gia trong mng khng dy.

- L s kt hp ca nh tuyn greedy v nh tuyn perimeter.

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26 5/21/2015 26


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Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM)

- L gii thut nh hng hiu ng khong cch cho di ng,

c thit k cho cc mng di ng khng dy ad-hoc.

- Trong DREAM mi nt di ng duy tr mt bng v tr cho tt

c cc nt trong mng.

- Mi bng v tr bao gm cc ta ca ngun nt da vo

mt h thng tham chiu, tc cc nt ngun,thi im v v

tr gi c truyn bi cc nt ngun.

- Mi nt di ng truyn i v tr cc gi d liu ti cc nt di

ng gn trong mng ti mt tn s nht nh v vi cc nt di

ng xa trong mng ad hoc mt tn s thp hn.


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5/21/2015

- Khi mt nt S cn gi thng tin ti nt D, n tnh ton mt vng

trn xung quanh thng tin v tr gn y nht ca D s dng

phng trnh 2.1


2.1

- R l bn knh ca vng trn

- Vmax l tc ti a ca nt D

- t1 l thi gian hin ti

- t0 l du thi gian cho thng tin ca nt ny t bng v tr.

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5/21/2015

o Energy aware routing protocols (giao thc nh tuyn c

tnh ti nng lng)

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L giao thc bc u s dng thut ton quan tm v nng

lng tng tui th cho ton mng.

Aware Routing Energy(EAR) for Low Energy Ad-hoc Sensor

- Trong EAR cc nt xy dng bng nh tuyn ca n bng

cch s dng th tc sau y:


5/21/2015

Th nht, cc node ch bt u cc th tc flooding mng vi gi tr ban u tng ng vi Cost (Nd) = 0. nt tip

nhn tnh tng ng i s dng phng trnh 2.2

- Metric l mt phng php m bng phng php ny giao

thc nh tuyn xc nh mt tuyn m tt hn tuyn khc.


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2.2

- Ti Metric (Nj, Ni) xem xt cc chi ph truyn v nhn cc gi

tin t nt i ti j, tng ng v nng lng cn li ti nt i.

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Sau , mi nt c xy dng bng nh tuyn ca n gn mt xc sut t l nghch vi chi ph cho mi c ni trc

tip vi n ca n, nh sau:

2.3

Cui cng, nt Nj tnh ton chi ph ca mnh, cho bi phng trnh 2.4, l thng tin m nt Nj gi ti nt Ni, v

lp i lp li qu trnh.

2.4


o Scalable Energy-efcient Location-Aided Routing protocol

(SELAR)

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Hnh 4.4 m t cc tng ca giao thc trong kch thc ca cc nt l t l

thun vi nng lng cn li ca n.

o Giao thc nh tuyn phn cp (cluster-based)

- Gii quyt vn v kh nng m rng ca mng khinhu

cu trin khai mt mng WSN trn pham vi rng xut hin.

- LEACH l mt trong s nhng cch tip cn nh tuyn

phn cp u tin cho mng cm ng. tng ca LEACH l

ng lc cho rt nhiu giao thc nh tuyn phn cp khc

pht trin.


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Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-Centralized protocol (Leach)


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- Cc nt cm bin c tp hp thnh tng cm, thc hin

chc nng thu thp v truyn d liu ti cc sink hoc trm gc

thng qua nt ch.

- Mc tiu chnh ca LEACH l:

Ko di thi gian sng ca mng Gim nng lng tiu th ca mi nt Tp trung d liu gim bn tin truyn trong mng

- LEACH t chc mng thnh cc cm, mi cm c qun

l bi nt ch.


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-Nt ch thc hin nhiu nhim v:

Nhim v u tin l thu thp d liu theo chu k t cc nt thnh vin.

Nhim v th hai ca nt ch l trc tip truyn d liu c tp hp li n trm gc.

Nhim v th ba l cc nt ch to ra m hnh ghp knh theo thi gian TDMA

Tng Kt

khi nim mng cm bin v tuyn khng dy da trn cng

thc n gin sau: Cm nhn + CPU + Radio = WSN

III.Tng Kt

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ng dng

ca WSN

Qun s: nh v, theo

di kch hot thit b

Mi trng: gim st

l lt, bo, gi, ma Cng Nghip: iu

khin t ng cc thit

b, robot ... Y t: theo di bnh

nhn, h thng bo

ng khn cp H thng giao thng

thng minh

Gia nh: nh thng minh

Tng Kt

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Cc Giao thc nh tuyn trong WSN

o Topology Aware Routing Protocols

Giao thc Link state v Distance vector

Giao thc Table driven

Giao thc On-demand

o Topology Unaware Routing Protocols

Flooding, Gossiping, v Controlled Flooding

Giao thc nh tuyn trung tm d liu (Data-centric)

Giao thc nh tuyn da trn v tr (location-based)

Energy aware routing protocols (giao thc nh tuyn quan tm ti nng lng)

Giao thc nh tuyn phn cp (cluster-based)

38

Qua y gii thiu rt nhiu loi giao thc nh tuyn, mi loi u c u

nhc im ring

Hin nay c rt nhiu ci tin ca cc giao thc ny cho kt qu rt kh quan

Vic la chon giao thc no hon ton ph thuc vo ng dng m ta trin khai

Mc d cc nghin cu ny th hin y ha hn trong vic s dng hiu qu

nng lng nhng vn cn nhiu vn cn khai thc cc nghin cu sau ny

nh cht lng dch v ca cc cm bin hnh nh v cc ng dng thi gian thc

Kt lun

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Tng Kt

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!

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