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BY:

SN norlela Jalil

Ot, qeh 11

29.06.2010



DULU – DULU……



DULU – DULU…… Royal Berkshire Hospital operating theatre 1928



DULU – DULU……

sri lanka



Aseptic technique is a set of specific

practices and procedures performedunder carefully controlled conditions

with the goal of minimizing

contamination by pathogens.



1861- Louis Pasteur proved that microorganismscaused spoilage via boiling experiments. This is the

basis for the development of aseptic techniques.Pasteur showed that heat could kill microorganisms;this process was later named pasteurization.



scientist Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis -reduced the number of postpartuminfections (puerperal sepsis) in thewards of Vienna’s lying-in hospitals by

urging doctors to wash their handsbetween patients.



Later in the 1860’s, an English

surgeon named Joseph Lister heardabout Pasteur’s work. He begansoaking his surgical dressings incarbolic acid (phenol) because hehad heard the previous year that

carbolic acid had been used to treatsewage in Carlise and the fields thathad been treated were now free ofparasite-causing disease.



To employed to maximize and

maintain asepsis,

The goals are to protect thepatient from infection and to

prevent the spread of

pathogens.



strictly applied in the operating

room because of the direct andoften extensive disruption of skinand underlying tissue.

helps to prevent or minimize

postoperative infection.



common source - cause surgicalsite infections is the patient.

infection may result when thisendogenous flora is introduced totissues exposed during surgical

procedures.



SKIN PREP.

PRE- OP SKIN CLEANSING

DRAPPING



In all clinical settings, handwashing is

an important step in asepsis.

proper handwashing can be the single

most important measure to reduce thespread of microorganisms.

- "2002 Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines" of the

Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN)



surgical scrub -

performed by

members of thesurgical team whowill

come into contactwith the sterile field

or sterileinstruments and

equipment.



glovinggowning



Asepsis in the operating room or forother invasive procedures is also

maintained by creating sterile surgicalfields with drapes.



Sterile drapes are

sterilized linensplaced on the

patient or around the

field to delineatesterile areas.



Equipment and supplies also need carefulattention. Surgical instruments can besterilized by chemical treatment, gas, or heat.

Personnel can ensure sterility by assessingthat sterile packages are dry and intact andchecking sterility indicators such as dates or

colored tape that changes color when sterile.



All items in a sterile field must be sterile.

Sterile packages are opened or created asclose as possible to time of actual use.

Moist areas are not considered sterile.Contaminated items must be removed

immediately from the sterile field.



Only areas that can be seen by the clinicianare considered sterile (i.e., the back of the

clinician is not sterile).

Gowns are considered sterile only in thefront, from chest to waist and from thehands to slightly above the elbow.



Tables are considered sterile only at orabove the level of the table.

Nonsterile items should not cross above a

sterile field.



There should be no talking, laughing,coughing, or sneezing across a sterile field.

Personnel with colds should avoid workingwhile ill or apply a double mask.



Edges of sterile areas or fields (generally theouter inch) are not considered sterile.

When in doubt about sterility, discard thepotentially contaminated item and begin

again.



Tears in barriers and expired sterilization

dates are considered breaks in sterility.



A safe space or margin of safety ismaintained between sterile and non sterile

objects and areas.

When pouring fluids, only the lip and inner

cap of the pouring container is consideredsterile; the pouring container should nottouch the receiving container, and splashing

should be avoided.



Mangram, Alicia, Teresa Horan, Michele Pearson,

Leah Christine Silver, and William Jarvis. "Guidelinefor Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999."Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20(April 1999): 247 –78.

Pittet, Didier. "Improving Adherence to HandHygiene Practice: A Multidisciplinary Approach."

Emerging Infectious Diseases 7 (March/April 2001).

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