Slide 1

Section 3.4Section 3.4Using the Periodic Using the Periodic

TableTable

Objectives

To learn the various features of the periodic table

To learn some of the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids

To learn the natures of common elements

Slide 2

An Intro to the Periodic An Intro to the Periodic TableTable

Dmitri Mendeleev – Dmitri Mendeleev – Russian scientistRussian scientist Arranged periodic table in rows and columns. Arranged periodic table in rows and columns.

He even left spaces for elements that had He even left spaces for elements that had not been discovered yet.not been discovered yet.

GroupsGroups – families of elements that lie in the – families of elements that lie in the same vertical column and have similar same vertical column and have similar chemical propertieschemical properties

Alkali Metals Alkali Metals – Group 1 – 1– Group 1 – 1stst column column Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals – Group 2 – 2 – Group 2 – 2ndnd column column HalogensHalogens – Group 7 – Group 7 Noble Gases Noble Gases – Group 8– Group 8

Slide 3

MetalsMetals Transition Metals Transition Metals – large colletion of – large colletion of

elements that span center of periodic elements that span center of periodic tabletable

MetalsMetals – Elements on the left of – Elements on the left of the periodic table. Most of the the periodic table. Most of the elementselements

Efficient conductors of electricityEfficient conductors of electricity Malleability (can be hammered Malleability (can be hammered into thin sheetsinto thin sheets Ductility (can be pulled into Ductility (can be pulled into wires)wires)

A lustrous (shiny) appearanceA lustrous (shiny) appearance

Slide 4

NonmetalsNonmetals

Elements on the right side of periodic Elements on the right side of periodic tabletable

Very few elementsVery few elements Have various propertiesHave various properties Exist in different statesExist in different states

Slide 5

MetalloidsMetalloids

Elements close to the stair-step lineElements close to the stair-step line

Exhibit a mixture of metallic and Exhibit a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic propertiesnonmetallic properties

Slide 6

Noble ElementsNoble Elements In nature, we find many elements combined In nature, we find many elements combined

with other elements to form compounds. Few with other elements to form compounds. Few element exist as single atoms of the elementelement exist as single atoms of the element

Noble metals – gold, silver, platinum – they Noble metals – gold, silver, platinum – they are found naturally in their pure form.are found naturally in their pure form.

Noble gases – Helium, Neon, Argon. . . Noble gases – Helium, Neon, Argon. . .

– The element in column 8 of the periodic tableThe element in column 8 of the periodic table

– They are very stable alone and do not react with They are very stable alone and do not react with other elements easilyother elements easily

Slide 7

Diatomic MoleculesDiatomic Molecules Diatomic MoleculeDiatomic Molecule – a molecule – a molecule

composed of two atomscomposed of two atoms

Some elements in their pure form are Some elements in their pure form are most stable as diatomic moleculesmost stable as diatomic molecules

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodinefluorine, bromine, iodine

Slide 8

Natural States of the Natural States of the ElementsElements

Only two elements are liquid at room Only two elements are liquid at room temperaturetemperature

Mercury and bromineMercury and bromine

Elemental SolidsElemental SolidsElements that are solid in their Elements that are solid in their elemental formelemental formAllotropesAllotropes – different forms of the – different forms of the same elementsame element

Some elements exist as gases at Some elements exist as gases at room temperatureroom temperature

Noble gases, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen. . . Noble gases, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen. . .