slide 1 of 26 chemistry. © copyright pearson prentice hall slide 2 of 26 properties of matter >...

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Chemistry

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Properties can be classified as:

a. Physical: malleability, conductivity, density, color, odor, volume, mass, etc…

b. Chemical: flammability, reactivity.

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a. Extensive: a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

b. Intensive: a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample.

Physical Properties can be classified as:


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Properties

Physical Chemical

Intensive Extensive Flammability & Reactivity

Color,Odor,Density Mass,Volume,Length

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Extensive Properties Examples

•Mass

•Volume

•Weight

•Length

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Intensive Properties Examples

•Hardness

•Color

•Density

•Boiling/Melting Point

•Odor

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Properties of Matter >

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Identifying Substances

Identifying Substances

Do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

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This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

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Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

Examples: elements and compounds

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A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Three commonly discussed states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

(others: Plasma, Bose Einstein Condensate)

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Solids

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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Liquid

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

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Gases

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

(indefinite shape and volume)

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Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

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Properties of Matter >

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Physical Changes

Physical Changes

How can physical changes be classified?

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

• All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible (evaporation, condensation, etc...)

• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

2.1 Section Quiz.

2.1.


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1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter?

a. temperature

b. color

c. mass

d. hardness

2.1 Section Quiz.


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2.1 Section Quiz.

2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance?

a. all properties of a substance

b. intensive properties

c. chemical properties

d. physical properties


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2.1 Section Quiz.

3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions:

(1) takes the volume and shape of its container

(2) has a definite shape and volume

(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas

b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid

c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

END OF SHOW

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