slide 1 of 19 chemistry. slide 2 of 19 © copyright pearson prentice hall naming and writing...

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chemistry

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases

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An acid is a compound that contains one or more hydrogen ions and releases those hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Acids have various uses.

9.4 Naming Acids

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Three rules can help you name an acid with the general formula HnX.

If the acid is a binary acid, then the name of the anion (X) will end in –ide. The acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. Example HF is hydrofluoric acid

9.4 Naming Acids

fluoride


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> Naming Acids

When the acid contains an oxyanion and name ends in -ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous, followed by the word acid. Example HNO2

is nitrous acid

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nitrite


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When the acid containns an oxyanion and name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic followed by the word acid. Example – H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.

9.4 Naming Acids

sulfate

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A Summary of the Three Rules for Naming Acids.

9.4 Naming Acids


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Writing Formulas for Acids

Writing Formulas for Acids

How are the formulas of acids determined?

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Use the rules for writing the names of acids in reverse to write the formulas for acids.

What is the formula for hydrobromic acid? Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (hydro- prefix and -ic suffix) must be a combination of hydrogen ion (H+) and bromide ion (Br–). The formula of hydrobromic acid is HBr.

Be sure the charges balance.

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>9.4 Writing Formulas for Acids


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Names and Formulas for Bases

Bases are compounds that contain hydroxide ions, like NaOH – sodium hydroxide. When the base is dissolved in water, it produces OH- ions.

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Bases are named in the same way as other ionic compounds—the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.

For example, aluminum hydroxide consists of the aluminum cation (Al3+) and the hydroxide anion (OH–). The formula for aluminum hydroxide is Al(OH)3.


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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base that is used to make paper.


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Cleaners and soap contain sodium hydroxide.


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slide 1 of 19 chemistry. slide 2 of 19 © copyright pearson prentice hall naming and writing...

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