Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer

2 out of 5 cancers are skin cancers

Skin Cancer

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· Cancer – uncontrolled cell growth· Caused by damage to the DNA (in the

nucleus) usually through chemicals or radiation

Tumor Types

· Two types of tumors· Benign

· Does not spread (encapsulated)· Malignant: these are the cancerous ones

· Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body

Prevention Ultraviolet Radiation is the main cause of all

skin cancers

Skin Cancer Types

Slide 4.30

· Basal cell carcinoma· Least malignant - Most common type· Arises from stratum basale· cannot produce keratin· Boundary lost between dermis and

epidermis· 90% of skin cancers are basal cell· Seldom metastasizes – treated surgically or

by radiation – 99% cure rate if caught early

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Skin Cancer Types

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· Squamous cell carcinoma· 2nd most common skin cancer – most

common in darker skinned people· Arises from stratum spinosum· Metastasizes to lymph nodes if left

untreated· 1500-2000 deaths in US per year

· Early removal allows a good chance of cure

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cumulative Effects

IMPORTANT TO KNOW Basal cell & squamous cell carcinomas are due

to cumulative effects of the sun’s radiation (or chemical exposures as well)

These tend to develop in ages 30-40s after years of daily sun exposure

Skin Cancer Types

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Malignant melanoma· Least common BUT most deadly of skin

cancers· Originates melanocytes· Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood

vessels· Early detection is critical – see notes for

survival rates

Intensive Effects

Malignant Melanoma tends to occur in younger ages (as well as older people)

It is due to brief intense exposures (aka: sunburns)

This is the most serious form of skin cancer and MUST be caught early to be treated successfully!

ABCD Rule

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· A = Asymmetry· Two sides of pigmented mole do not match

· B = Border irregularity· Borders of mole are not smooth

· C = Color· Different colors in pigmented area

· D = Diameter· Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter (pencil

eraser)· Mole starts growing/changing in size

Malignant Melanoma

Melanomas

Melanomas

Burns

Burns

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Define: Protein denaturation and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

· 2 main dangers

· Dehydration–Loss of fluids & Electrolytes lead to:

· Renal Shutdown

· Circulatory shock

· Infection· Skin (mechanical)barrier lost

· Immune system depresses

Rule of nines diagram

Used to estimate the % extent of skin burned so doctors will know how much fluid to replace for rehydration to prevent Circulatory shock Renal failure

Need to memorize & be able to use

Partial Thickness Burns

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· First-degree burns· Only epidermis is damaged· Local redness, swelling, & pain· Usually heal in 2-3 days (short time period)

with NO scarring

Partial Thickness Burns

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Second degree burns· Epidermis and upper dermis & structures

within dermis are damaged· Appearance of blisters of any size· Skin regeneration in 3-4 weeks with some

scarring· There is a danger of infection

Full Thickness Burns

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Third-degree burns· Epidermis, Dermis and all structures within

are completely destroyed· Usually painless at site of burn due to

destruction of sense recept· Burn is gray-white, tan, brown, black, or

deep cherry red· Surrounded by areas of 1st & 2nd degree

burns that will be painful· Treatments are numerous but will involve

skin grafting of some sort, fluid replacement and debridement – may take months/years

All degrees of burns

'Burns surgery for Sum Maya' hi-res | International Nepal Fellowship

Other Integumentary System disorders

May help with WS

Athlete’s Foot

Boils

Cold Sores

Skin Homeostatic Imbalances

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

· Infections and allergies· Contact dermatitis· Exposures cause allergic reaction

· Impetigo· Caused by bacterial infection

· Psoriasis· Cause is unknown· Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

Impetigo

Psoriasis