skeletal system.p2
TRANSCRIPT
General Zoology Class
By: Sharnie Faye G. Buctuan
• Support- framework that supports
body and cradles its soft organs.
• Protection- for delicate organs,
heart, lungs, brain
• Movement- bones act as levers for
muscles.
• Mineral storage- calcium &
phosphate
• Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
(e) Sesamoid bone (patella)
Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
Epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage
Sharpey’s fibers
GENERAL DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETON Skeletal system
is divided into two general
divisions. Axial & appendicular
skeleton.
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage
Sacrum & CoccyxSacrum & Coccyx
Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
Pelvis
Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator foramen
Pelvis (lateral view)
Male Pelvic Girdle
Female Pelvic Girdle
Patella
The Lower Limb (Legs)
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
TibiaFibula
5 Metatarsals14 Phalanges
7 Tarsals
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
Slightly Movable Joint (amphiarthrosis)
Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)
suturesuture
pubis symphisispubis symphisis
(amphiarthrosis)
femur
ligaments
pelvis
(diarthrosis)- freely movable
femur
pelvis
hyaline cartilage synovial
cavity
joint capsule
Abduction
Extension
RotationFlexion
Adduction
Synovial Joint Movement
275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches
long)
cartilagecalcified cartilage
bone
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st 2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before birth
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
OsteoclastEats bone
Builds new bone
Mature bone cell
hematomacallus bony callus
bone remodeling
VERTEBRATES VS INVERTEBRATESScientists divided the Animal Kingdom
into two main groups:
vertebrates
(animals with a backbone)
andinvertebrates
(animals without a backbone)
Similarities & differences between Vertebrate & Invertebrate
Invertebrate Vertebrate
Kingdom: Animalia AnimaliaPhylum: Chordata ChordataSize: Small and slow moving. Big in size.Number of species: 2 million 57,739Examples: Insects, flatworms etc. Parrots, Humans, snakes etc
About: Animals without a backboneAnimals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates.
Physical Characteristics:
Multicellular; no back bone; no cell walls; reproduce sexually; heterotrophic.
Well-developed internal skeleton; highly developed brain; have advanced nervous system; outer covering of protective cellular skin.
Species:98% of animal species areinvertebrates.
2% of the animal species are vertebrates.
Classification: 30 phylaClassified into five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Subphylum: Vertebrata
VertebratesAnimals with backbones can be divided into five more
groups:
Mammals
Birds Amphibians
FishReptiles
InvertebratesInvertebrates don't have an internal skeleton made of
bone. Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the jelly fish or worm. Others have a hard outer shell, like insects and crustaceans. There are many types of invertebrates. The most common invertebrates includes the following:
Coelenterates
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Worms
Mollusks