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REVIEW

Systems are made of……..

ORGANS

Organs are made of……

TISSUES

Tissues are made of…..

cells

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Organs:

BONES

How many bones does an adult human have??

206

FUNCTION OF BONES

1 Framework

Support of muscles, fat & skin

2. Protection

Surround vital organs to protect them (skull—brain, ribs—heart/lungs)

3. Levers

muscles attach to bones to provide movement

4. Production of white blood cell

help produce RBCs, WBCs & Platelets

5. Storage

Bones store most of the Calcium supply of the body

SKELETON---2 MAIN COMPONENTS

Axial Skeleton

Main Trunk

Skull, spine, ribs, breast bone

Appendicular skeleton

Extremities

Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones

AXIAL SKELETON

Cranium—spherical structure

surrounds and protects the brain

8 bones

Fontanels

AXIAL SKELETON

Spinal bones

vertebrae

26 bones

protect spinal cord

support head and trunk

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

1 sacral

1 coccyx

AXIAL SKELETON

Sternum

breastbone

cage that protects the heart and lungs

12 ribs

clavicles—collar bones

scapula (x2)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Arms:

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

carpals (wrist)

metacarpals (palm)

phalanges (fingers)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Pelvic girdle

Two bones

join at sacrum in the back and symphysis pubis in front

difference between male and female

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Legs

Femur

patella

tibia

fibula

tarsals (ankle)

metatarsals (instep)

phalanges (toes)

HOLDING IT ALL TOGETHER

Joints

Areas where two or more bones join together

Ligaments

connective tissue bands that help hold long bones together at joints

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Arthritisinflammation of joints

Symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, aching, limited range of motion

rheumatoid—scar tissue, deformities

Tx: anti-inflamatories, rest, sometimes steroids, sometimes surgery

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Bursitis:

inflammation of the bursae (small, fluid filled sacs) around the joint

Symptoms: severe pain, limited ROM and fluid accumulation

Tx: pain medicine, injecting steroids, rest, aspiration, PT

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Sprain

Twisting action that tears ligaments

Sx: pain, swelling, bruising, limited ROM

Tx: RICE

(rest, ice, compression, elevation)

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Osteomyelitis

Bone inflammation

Infectious organisms cause abscesses

Abscessed=pus

Sx: pain at site, swelling, chills and fever

Tx: Antibiotics

DISEASES OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Fractures

a crack or break in a bone

Types:

greenstick simple/closed spiral

compound/openimpacted depressed

comminutedcolles

GREENSTICK FRACTURE

*Bone is bent and splits, causing a crack or incomplete break

common in children

SIMPLE OR CLOSED FRACTURE

Complete break of the bone with no damage to skin

IMPACTED FRACTURE

Broken bone ends jam into each other

COMMINUTED FRACTURE

Bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces

SPIRAL FRACTURE

Bone twists resulting in one or more breaks.

Common in skiing and skating accidents

DEPRESSED FRACTURE

A broken piece of skull bone moves inward

Common with severe head injuries

COLLES FRACTURE

Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius

Causes characteristic bulge at the wrist

Caused by falling on an outstretched hand

OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE

Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin

Creates increased chance of infection

OPEN/COMPOUND FRACTURE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=421jNbbk90

SKELETAL SYSTEM CAREERS

• Athletic trainer

• Chiropractor

• Orthopedist

• Ortho surgeon

• Physical therapist

• Podiatrist

• Radiology technician

• Sports medicine