skeletal system
TRANSCRIPT
• Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs
• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain
• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
• Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
• Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
• Long Bones- legs and arms
• Short Bones- hands and feet
• Flat Bones- rib, pelvis, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones, carpals, tarsals
• Sesamoid- patella
Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage
Sharpey’s fibers
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage
Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator foramen
Pelvis (lateral view)
Male Pelvic Girdle
Female Pelvic Girdle
Patella
The Lower Limb (Legs)
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
TibiaFibula
5 Metatarsals14 Phalanges
7 Tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)
suturesuture
pubis symphisispubis symphisis
Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)
femur
ligaments
pelvis
(diarthrosis)- freely moveable
femur
pelvis
hyaline cartilage synovial
cavity
joint capsule
Abduction
Extension
RotationFlexion
Adduction
Synovial Joint Movement
275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches
long)
cartilagecalcified cartilage
bone
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st 2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before birth
hematomacallus bony callus
bone remodeling
Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier
Factors: • age, gender (more in women)• estrogen and testosterone decrease• insufficient exercise (or too much)• diet poor in Ca++ and protein• abnormal vitamin D receptors• smoking
Spinal Curvatures
Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction
Diseases of the Skeletal System: