skeletal development in the african elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by lionel...

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Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and Robert J. Asher Proceedings B Volume 279(1736):2188-2195 June 7, 2012 ©2012 by The Royal Society

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Page 1: Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and

Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals

by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and Robert J. Asher

Proceedings BVolume 279(1736):2188-2195

June 7, 2012

©2012 by The Royal Society

Page 2: Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and

Representative ontogenetic stages of elephants.

Lionel Hautier et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279:2188-2195

©2012 by The Royal Society

Page 3: Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and

Lateral view of three-dimensional reconstructions of cranial CT scans in (a) a 99 day-old specimen (age reconstructed from CRL as described in the text and Hildebrandt et al. [15]),

PMLER 1, CRL = 34.7 mm; (b) a 118 day-old specimen, PMLER 2, CRL = 59.3 mm;...

Lionel Hautier et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279:2188-2195

©2012 by The Royal Society

Page 4: Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and

Ossification sequence of (a) cranial and (b) post-cranial elements in elephants (unfilled squares) relative to the mean rank of placentals (solid triangles) with error bars of ±1 s.d.

Lionel Hautier et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279:2188-2195

©2012 by The Royal Society

Page 5: Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals by Lionel Hautier, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and

Box plots representing the cumulative percentage of bones present in the adult showing an ossification centre in the cranial and post-cranial skeleton of the elephant, human, cow, sheep,

hamster, mouse, rat, and gerbil relative to gestation length.

Lionel Hautier et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279:2188-2195

©2012 by The Royal Society