sixty-ninth critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of...

Sixty-ninth Critical Bibliography of the History and Philosophy of Science and of theHistory of Civilization (to December 1945)Author(s): George Sarton and Frances SiegelSource: Isis, Vol. 36, No. 3/4 (Oct., 1946), pp. 170-248Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/225611 .

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SIXTY-NINTH CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF THE

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND OF THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

(TO DECEMBER I945)

THE latest Critical Bibliography to appear was the sixty-eighth which was published in Isis, 36, 22-69, 1945, but bibliography no. 59 which was to be included in no. 86 of Isis (vol. 32, 2) has not yet appeared because the German invasion of Belgium stopped the publication of vol. 32.

This sixty-ninth bibliography contains about 1,000 items. They have been kindly contributed by the eleven following scholars:

C. W. ADAMS (London) I. B. COHEN (Cambridge, Mass.) T. L. DAVIS (Norwell, Mass.) F. T. EPSTEIN (Washington, D. C.) C. A. KOFOID (Berkeley, Cal.) C. D. LEAKE (Galveston, Texas) M. C. LEIKIND (Washington, D. C.) M. F. A. MONTAGU (Philadelphia) J. PELSENEER (Brussels) G. SARTON (Cambridge, Mass.) C. ZIRKLE (Philadelphia)

The sections 8 to I I of part II dealing with Asia, India, China, and Japan are especially full, as I have liquidated as much as I could of my stock of notes concerning them. I have in my drawers many notes which will be published as soon as it has been possible to check them upon the originals or otherwise.

The general plan of this bibliography was explained in this volume (p. 22-23). The method of classification was devised to satisfy the needs of historians of science in general, rather than those of historians of particular sciences. For example, a student of the history of physiology will find only a few of the physiological items under the heading 36. Physiology. Studies devoted to definite physiologists would be found in the chronological section of part I, and those devoted to, say, Hindu physiology in section 9. India of part II. It would not take him very long, however, to glance through the whole bibliography and mark with a pencil the items pertinent to his own investigations. No method of classification can satisfy immediately every need, but we believe that ours is sufficiently clear to be of use to every scholar willing to take the few necessary pains.

I entreat the authors of relevant books and papers to send me copies of them as promptly as possible in order that their studies may be registered in this bibliography and eventually reviewed and discussed. By so doing they will not simply help me and every other historian of science, but they will help themselves in the best manner.

Most of the notes were selected by me. They were typd by Miss FRANCES SIEGEL, and the typing and proofs read by Dr. A. POGO.

GEORGE SARTON Harvard Library, I85 Cambridge 38, Mass.

December 7, 1945

PART I

FUNDAMENTAL CLASSIFICATION (CENTURIIL)

IXTH CENTURY B.C.

D'Hollander, Fernand. La folie d'Ajax. Essai medico-epique. Bulletin de l'Acad. royale de Medecine de Belgique, 6, 278-87, 1941.

[Homer]. HOMERI Odyssea. E. Graeca in He- braicam linguam transtulit SAUL TSCHERNI- CHOWSKY. xvii +484 P. Subsidio KEREN J. L. et RAHEL GOLDBERG, Aedibus Universitatis Hebraicae et Aedibus Schockeni, Hierosolymis, '94'.

Translation in Hebrew verse by one of the greatest Hebrew poets of our time. G. S.

VITH CENTURY B.C.

Bichowsky, F. Russell. EUPALINOS - first civil engineer. Compressed iZr, 48, 7086-90, ills., 1943.

Bynner, Witter. The way of life according to LAOTZU. An American version. 76 p. New York, John Day, 1944.

Reviewed by HOMER H. DUBS, Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 65, 212-13, 1945.

I70



Vlth B.C. to IVth B.C. I7'

Guilmot, Max. XEINOPHANE et I'Egypte. Chro- nique d'Egypte, 19, 74-84, 1944.

Laotse. The Book of Tao. Translated by LIN YUTANG. (The Wisdom of China and India, p. 579-624). New York, Random House, 1942.

Reviewed by CHAN WING-TSIT, Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 65, 210-I I, 1945.

Minar, Edwin L., Jr. Pythagorean communism. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 75, 34-46, 1944.

"An analysis of the ancient tradition on Pythagorean communism shows that most of it depends on TIMAEUS, and that the material connected with his Fragment 77 can be rather fully reconstructed. Other sources provide some corroboration. According to this testimony, the communistic organization was confined to those in the upper levels of the society's hierarchy of grades. It seems to have been initiated by PYTHAGORAS himself and may not have lasted much longer than his lifetime. The concept that 'the possessions of friends are common' fits well with the philosophical ideals of the society, which emphasized harmony at all levels of existence, and also with its aristocratic political bias."

VTH CENTURY B.C.

Fritz, Kurt von. The discovery of incommensurability by HIPPAsus OF METAPONTUM. An- nals of Mathematics, 46, 242-64, 1945.

"It is the purpose of this paper to prove: (x) that the early Greek tradition which places the second stage of the development of the theory of incommensurability in the last quarter of the sth century, and therefore implies that the first discovery itself was made still earlier is of such a nature that its authenticity can hardly be doubted, (2) that this tradition is strongly supported by indirect evidence, (3) that the discovery can have been made on the 'elementary' level which, even according to E. FRANK and 0. NEUGEBAUER, Greek mathematics had reached in the middle of the sth century, (4) that the character of scientific investigation as developed in the early part of the sth century makes it not only possible but very probable that the discovery was made at the time in which the late ancient tradition places it, and (5) that this late tradition itself contains some hints as to the way in which the discovery, in all likelihood, actually was made."

Lommer, Franz. Zur Komposition der hippo- kratischen Schrift de hebdomadibus. Philologus. Zeitschr. f. d. klass. Altertum, 94, 79-85, 1940.

Miller, Harold W. Medical terminology in trag- edy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Amer- ican Philological Association, 75, 156-67, 1944.

IVTH CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half) A., M. A. La question de l'Atlantide. Revue

belge de philologie et d'histoire, 20, 839-40, '94'.

Koyr6, Alexandre. Introductaon 'a la lecture de Platon. 1 82 p. New York, Brentano's, 1945.

This book is a fruit of the author's teaching at the Ecole libre des hautes etudes of New York. It is an introduction to PLATO, or more specifically to the study of a few of his works, Meno, Protagoras, Theaetetos for the theory of knowledge and the meaning of science, and Eutyphron, Laches, Charmides, and the Republic for politics. The author does not try to explain every point of these works but rather to bring out the message of each and encourage the student to read them himself less passively and more deeply. G. S.

Plato. The Timaeus and the Critias or Atlanticus. 249 p. New York, Pantheon Books, 1944. $2.75.

This beautifully produced book all Pantheon books are beautifully produced - is among the first in the Bollingen Series of reprints of famous classics now being issued by Pantheon Books. The translation and long introductions and notes are reprinted from the original edition of I8Io. Mr. R. CATESBY TALIAFERRO contributes an excellent introduction. It was a most happy notion to reprint this edition, for THOMAS TAYLOR was the greatest Platonist of his day, and the notes and commentaries of PROCLUS and other Neo-Platonists with which he provided his translation, not to mention his learned and sagacious introductions, revive and make available a delightful book which has long been out of print.

We may here express the hope that the Bollingen Series will enjoy a long and useful life, and that it will do for our present generation what the old Bohn Li- brary did for several generations during the past century. M.F.A.M.

Reidemeister, Kurt. Mathematik und Logik bei PLATO. Hamburger mathematische Einzel- schr4ften, 35, ii+20 p., 1942.

Strycker, E. de (S.J.). De irrationalen in den Hippias Major, L'antiquite' classique, IO, 25-36, 1941.

IVTH CENTURY B.C. (second half)

Abel, Armand. ARISTOTE. La legende et l'histoire. 85 p., I pl. Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, 1944-

Bidez, Joseph. A propos d'un fragment retrouve de l'ARIsToTE perdu. dcad. r. de Belg., Bull. de la cl. des lettres et des sci. mor. et politiques, 28, 201-30, 1942.



I72 IVth B.C. to Ilnd (2)

Bidez, Joseph. Un singulier naufrage litterarie dans I'antiquite. A la recherche des epaves de I'ARIsToTE perdu. 70 p., frontispiece. (Collec- tion Lebegue, 3me serie, no. 36). Bruxelles, Office de publicite, 1943.

Based on the author's own studies published by the Belgian Academy in 1942 and 1943 and upon the works of WERNER JAGER, ETTORE BIGNONE, JEANNE CROIS- SANT, JOSEPH MOREAU, etc. The partial reconstitution of the Protrepticos and the De philosophia enable us better to understand the Platonician period of ARIS- TOTLE'S life. The story of the vicissitudes of those books is as fascinating as a romance. G. S.

Chroust, Anton-Hermann. A contribution to the medieval discussion: utrum ARISTOTELES sit salvatus. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 231-38, 1945.

Hoerber, Robert George. The theme of PLATO'S Republic. x+ i I 9 p. St. Louis, Eden Publishing House, 1944.

Reviewed by W. A. OLDFATHER and MARIAN HAR- MAN, American Historical Review, 50o, 5io-12, 1945.

Merlan, Philip. Ein SIMPLIKIos-Zitat bei PSEUDO-ALEXANDROS und ein PLOTINos-Zitat bei SIMPLIKIos. Rheinisches Museum f. Philol- ogie, 84, 154-60, 1935.

Reidemeister, Kurt. Das System des ARIS- TOTELES. Hamburger mathematische Einzel- schriften, 37, Xii+20 p., 1943.

Thompson, D'Arcy W. Onos, anthropos. Clas- sical Quarterly, 39, 54-55, 1945.

A note to his translation of the Historia animalium.

IIIRD CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

[Euclid]. The Optics of Euclid. Translated by HARRY EDWIN BURTON. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 35, 357-72, 58 figs., 1945.

This first English translation of EUCLID'S Optics was made by BURTON, who died, on March 20, 1945, before proofreading. The translation was presumably made upon the text edited by HEIBERG in I 895, see Introd. (I, I56). We owe a copy of it to the kindness of the editor of JOSA, Dr. GEORGE RUSSELL HARRISON, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

G. S.

IIND CENTURY B.C. (whole and first half)

Olson, Lois. CATO'S views on the farmer's obliga- tion to the land. Agricultural History, I9, 129- 32, 1945.

IST CENTURY (second half)

Campbell, Donald J. C. PLINI SECUNDI Natu- ralis historiae liber secundus. v+io8 p. (Aber- deen University Studies, no. II8). Aberdeen, University Press, [the title-page is dated 1936, and the cover, 1942].

This commentary on book II (cosmology, astronomy, meteorology, geography, geology) may be useful to students of ancient science. Unfortunately, there is no index. The author, "lecturer in humanity" in Edin- burgh University, has not yet realized that providing an index to his works is a scholar's duty to his fellow scholars. An author who leaves the index out, because he himself does not need it, is pretty inhuman. G. S.

Hopfner, Theodor. Plutarch iiber Isis und Osi- ris. I. Teil: die Sage. (Monographien des Archiv Orientalni, Untersuchungen, Texte und Uebersetzungen, IX). Prague, 1940.

Reviewed by B. VAN DE WALLE, Chronique d'Egytte, 17, 228-32, 1942.

Nailis, Charles. Studie over de chronologie van het leven en de werken van PLINIUS de naturalist. Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Philolo- gische Studien, 13-14, 1-23, 25-77, 1942-43.

Riddell, W. H. Tiger and dragon. Antiquity, I 9, 27-3 I, 3 figs., 1945.

Earliest Chinese paintings of tiger and dragon, A.D. 69, on a lacquer tray in the University of Tokyo.

G. S. Swan, Marshall W. S. SENECA: texts and trans-

lations. More Books, 20, 347-54, Boston, 1945.

Torhoudt, Albert. Een onbekend gnostisch sys- teem in PLUTARCH US) De Iside et Osiride (Studia Hellenistica, I). Xiii+ 126 p. Louvain, Biblio- theque de l'Universite, 1942. (resume en fran- gais).

Reviewed by J. VERGOTE, Chronique d'Egypte, I 9, 157, 1944.

IIND CENTURY (whole and first half)

Rome, A. Les observations d'equinoxes de PTO- LEMEE et le mouvement de I'apogee solaire. Ciel et Terre, 59, 15 p., 4 figs., 1943.

Very simple and clear summary of the author's earlier papers (1937-38) in the form of a lecture delivered to the Belgian Astronomical Society in 1942. It is a splendid introduction to the subject which I warmly recom- mend to teachers having to explain the achievements of HIPPARCHOS and PTOLEMY to their students. G. S.

IIND CENTURY (second half)

Vergote, J. CL?MENT D'ALEXANDRIE et 1'ecri- ture egyptienne. Essai d'interpretation de Stro-



Ilnd ( 2) to VIth ( I) '73

mates, V, iv, 20-21. Chronique d'Egypte, I6, 21-38, ill., 1941.

Walzer, R. GALEN on medical experience. First edition of the Arabic version with English translations and notes. xi+i64 p. London, Oxford University Press, 1944. $4.00.

It is hardly possible to exaggerate the importance of this publication which restitutes the text (in Arabic) of a lost treatise of GALEN. It was only known thus far through its inclusion in GALEN'S autobibliography, the Latin translation of a short part in the Juntina of I55o, and Greek extracts edited by K. DEICHGRABER in I9OI.

The Arabic translation is one of the many discoveries made by H. RIrrER in the Istanbul libraries; he discovered it in Aya Sofya in 193 I. The Arabic text covers c. I650 lines. It is followed by an English version and notes. The handsome volume is a credit to the Sir Henry Wellcome Foundation. A review of this Galenic work and WALZER'S edition of it will eventually appear in Isis. G. S.

IIIRD CENTURY (whole and first half)

Weiss, Abraham. The third-century seat of calendar regulation. Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 14, 267-76, '944.

IVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Sbordone, Francisco. HORI APOLLONIS Hiero- glyphica. Saggio introduttivo. Edizione critica del testo e commento. Naples, I940.

Reviewed by B. VAN DE WALLE, Chronique d'Egypte, I6l 213-21, 1941.

van de Walle, B.; Vergote, J. (translators). Traduction des Hieroglyphica D'HORAPOLLON. Chronique d'Egypte, I7, 39-89; i8, 199-239,

I943. French translation based upon F. SBORDONE'S text

(Naples 1940), with a commentary indicating the hiero- glyphics to which HORAPOLLON refers. G. S.

IVTH CENTURY (second half)

Hulley, Karl Kelchner. HIERONYMUS quatenus artem criticam noverit. Harvard University, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D., 1941, 3-5, Cambridge, Mass., 1945.

Kelly, Sister M. Jamesetta. Life and times as revealed in the writings of ST. JEROME exclusive of his letters. xv+173 P. (Catholic University of America Patristic Studies, 70). Washington, Catholic University of America Press, 1944.

Reviewed by ARTHUR STANLEY PEASE, American Historical Review, 50, 593-94, 1945.

VTH CENTURY (whole and first half) Honigmann, Ernest. A trial for sorcery on

August 22, A.D. 449. Isis, 35, 28 I-84, 1944.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. AUGUSTINE and the early Renaissance. Review of Religion, 339-58, May, 1944.

VTH CENTURY (second half)

Lutz, Cora E. (editor). DUNCHAD glossae in MARTIANUM. xxx+68 p. (Philological monographs, 12). Lancaster, Pa., American Philo- logical Ass'n, 1944.

Reviewed by CHARLES W. JONES, Speculum, 20, 357- 59, 1945.

Thery, G. Catalogue des manuscrits dionysiens des bibliotheques d'Autriche. Archives dhistoire doctrinale et litteratre du moyen age, II I, I63-264, 1936 (to be cont'd).

VITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Berger, Adolf. The Emperor JUsTINIAN's ban upon commentaries to the Digest. Bulletin of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in Amer- ica, 3, 656-96, 1945.

Davis, Tenney L. The preparation of ferments and wines by CHIA SSU_HSIEH of the later Wei Dynasty. Translated by HUANG TZU-CH'ING and CHAO YUN-Ts'UNG. With an introduction. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 9, 24-44, 1945.

CHIA SSU-HSIEH (VI-I) "describes the making of wine from rice and from millet through the agency of molds by a process similar to that which is used in China and Japan at the present time. The process is especially interesting because it is different in principle from any which was in common use, so far as we have been able to make out, in ancient Egypt, in Mesopo- tamia, or in the Graeco-Roman world. . . . The making of alcoholic liquor from cereal is a much more sophisticated matter." "CHIA SSU-HSIEH'S treatise describes the preparation of ferment cakes from wheat and from rye both with and without the addition of herbs, and, by the use of this ferment, the preparation of wine from rice, from glutinous rice, and from millet."

Hammer, Jacob. CASSIODORUS, the savior of Western civilization. Bulletin of the Polish In- stitute of Arts and Sciences in America, 3, 369- 84, 1945.

Silk, Edmund Taite (editor). Saeculi noni auctoris in Boetii Consolationem philosophiae commentarius. lxi+349 p., 3 pls. Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. IX, I935.



I 74 VIth (z) to VIIIth (.r)

"The systematic study of mediaeval commentaries on the Consolatio Philosophiae has been hindered by the want of published texts. The present volume offers the first of these texts. There is some reason to believe that this exposition of BOETHIUS served as the basis of the long series of mediaeval commentaries and remained in use itself until the days of GUILLAUME DE CONCHES. No attempt will be made here to trace this long history or even to analyse the commentary itself with complete- ness. Only the questions of date and authorship have been dealt with at all fully. The adequate treatment of these questions has necessarily involved some discussion of the commentary of REMIGIUS OF AUXERRE on the Consolatio. Since no text of REMIGTUS'S work has been published, considerable portions of it are given in the appendix. These selections merely serve a practical purpose and do not pretend to the dignity of an edition."

Taubenschlag, Raphael. The legislation of JUsTINIAN in the light of the papyri. Byzantion, 15, 280-95, 1941.

Zimmermann, Odo John. The late Latin vocabulary of the Variae of CASSIODORUS: with special advertence to the technical terminology of administration. xx+277 p. (The Catholic University of America, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Latin Language and Literature, I 5) . Washington, Catholic University of Amer- ica, 1944.

VIITH CENTURY (second half)

Bell, Harold Idris. The Arabic bilingual en- tagion. Proceedings of the American Philosoph- ical Society, 89, 531-42, 1945.

Humphreys, Christmas. The sutra of WEI LANG (or Hui NENG). Translated from the Chinese by WONG MOU-LAM. New edition. 128 p. London, Luzac, 1944.

Translation of the suitra recording the sermons and sayings of WEI LANG (638-713) the most famous Dhydna (zen) master of the T'ang dynasty (Nanjio no. i525). It was first published in Shanghai 1930;

the present edition has been revised by an English Bud- dhist. G. S.

Pi, H. T. A resume of an ancient Chinese treatise on ophthalmology (Yin hai ching wei). Na- tional Medical Journal of China, I 7, 131-49, I93I1

Summarized translation of the 'exhaustive and comprehensive survey of silver sea' (silver sea referring to the eye) by SUN SSU_-MO (VII-z). The author concludes, "Eighty-one kinds of eye diseases are described by the author in this book. These are in reality, however, descriptions of different phases of a much smaller number of diseases some of which are described three or four times in different clinical aspects and stages. The two characters 'yi' and 'mo' so frequently used in the descriptions are very vague in their actual meaning and

it is therefore difficult to determine the exact disease they are meant to present. The observations made by the author of this book on prolapse of iris, iridocyclitis, interstitial keratitis and glaucoma are excellent for the early times of Chinese native ophthalmology. It is very curious that the very common disease cataract is not mentioned at all, or that at least no description in the entire book fits such a disease. No mention is made of presbyopia, which is common change in old age. This may be due to the fact that presbyopia was considered a physiological change, and was not taken as a real disease of the eye by the author."

Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth. Sesquivolus, a squirrel: and the Liber de Mirabilibus S. Scrip-. turae. Hermathena, 65, 7 p., 1945.

The treatise De mirabilibus libri tres long ascribed to ST. AUGUSTINE (V-I) was written in the third year of the twelfth great cycle (i.e., 655) by an Irish scholar who had remarkably advanced ideas on the distribution of animals. Prof. THOMPSON concludes, "I have heard it said that ST. AUGUSTIN did more than any other man to put Religion and Science asunder. I should be very sorry to think so; but certain it is that Theology and Natural Science, as we understand the latter, were far apart for ST. AUGUSTIN, but his Irish namesake held them both in his hand." This stimulating paper makes us wish for a more elaborate study of the De mirabilibus and its anonymous author. G. S.

VIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Jeffery, Arthur. GHEVOND-S text of the correspondence between 'UMAR II and LEO III. Harvard Theological Review, 37, 269-332, 1944.

Text of the correspondence which is supposed to have passed between the Umayyad caliph 'UMAR II (717-20) and the autocrat LEO III the Isaurian (7'I7- 41) concerning the respective merits of Islam and Christianity, as transmitted by the Armenian historian GHEVOND. This GHEVOND (or LEVOND) flourished in the eighth or tenth century; his chronicle of Armenian- Arabic conflicts ends in 788. Says JEFFERY: "Whether it is the genuine correspondence of LEO with 'UMAR or not, it is a sufficiently early document in the literature of Muslim-Christian controversy to provide extremely important evidence on the subjects of controversy and the methods of controversy prior to the well-known works of the later centuries." G. S.

Naito T6ichiro. The wall-paintings of Hory uji. Translated and edited by WILLIAM REYNOLDS BEAL ACKER and BENJAMIN ROWLAND, JR. Accompanied by 85 plates in separate binding. xvii+3I6 p., frontispiece. Baltimore, Waverly Press, 1943. $6.oo.

The wall-paintings of H5ryui-ji were painted about 707-8, certainly before 7'I. They constitute one of the outstanding monuments of Asiatic art and therefore deserved to be investigated as thoroughly as was done by NAIT6 TCIcHIR6, who died in I 939 at the age of 42. His great work is here translated into English and



VIlIth (I) to Xth ( I) 175 illustrated with an abundance of photographs and diagrams; not only are the wall-paintings reproduced but also many other Asiatic paintings and pieces of sculpture. The preliminary chapter by ROWLAND (42 P.) explains the relationship of those frescoes to Indian and Central Asian paintings; this is done partly upon the basis of his own inspection of them. For example, some of the Ajanta paintings dating from the middle of the sixth century afford excellent standards of comparison. The resemblances, however, are not necessarily due to immediate influence but rather to the pervading influence of Buddhist ideals and methods. Much of the so- called Indian style in China is really Central Asian, and was introduced by artists from just beyond the boundaries of the T'ang empire (p. 22). We know from many literary sources that scholars and artists travelled from one end of Buddhist Asia to the other. There was an international Buddhist art in Central Asia and the Far East, just as there was an international Muslim art in Western Asia, Africa and Europe. The book is a credit not only to the authors but also to the American Coun- cil of Learned Societies. G. S.

VIIITH CENTURY (second half)

Erhardt-Siebold, Erika von. Query no. IO9. Atheniensis Sophista. Isis, 35, 332-33, 1944.

The Atheniensis sophista is mentioned in a letter written by ALCUIN to CHARLEMAGNE. G. S.

[al-Kalbi]. Das G6tzenbuch Kitab al-apnim des IBN AL-KALBI. Uebersetzt mit Einleitung und Kommentar von R. KLINKE. (Sammlung orientalistischer Arbeiten, Heft 8). 142+40 P., 2 pIs., i map. Leipzig, Harrassowitz.

Not seen. Published in or before 1943.

Levi Della Vida, Giorgio. Les "Livres des chevaux" de HISAM IBN AL-KALBI et MUVAM- MAD IBN AL-'ARABI. Publies d'apres le manuscrit de l'Escorial ar. 1705. liv+i4i p. (in Arabic), 3 pls. (Publications de la Fondation "De Goeje," no VIII). Leyde, Brill, 1928.

Two Arabic texts on horses by HISHAM IBN MUHAM- MAD IBN AL-KALBI (VIII-2), see Introd. i, 54I and by the lesser known MUHAMMAD IBN ZIYAD IBN AL-'ARABI (d. c. 845 Aet. 8 i), BROCEELMANN i, it6, suppt. 1 179. G. S.

IXTH CENTURY (second half)

Ch8ng T&k'un. The royal tomb of Wang Chien. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 8, 235-40, 1ius., 1945-

Gateau, Albert. IBN 'ABD AL-HAKAM. Con- quete de l'Afrique du Nord et de 1'Espagne (Futu'h Ifriqiya wa' 1-Andalus). Texte arabe et traduction frangaise avec une introduction et

des notes par ALBERT GATEAU. (Bibliotheque arabe-fransaise). Carbonel, Alger, 1942.

Reviewed by Louis BRUNOT, Hesperis, 3I, 86, I944.

Quain, Edwin Alphonsus. A stylistic study of the works of JOHN THE SCOT. Harvard Uni- versity, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D., 1941, 6-9, Cambridge, Mass., I945.

Rabinowitz, L. The routes of the Radanites. Jewish Quarterly Review, 35, 25I-80, 1945

According to IBN KHURDADHBIH (IX-2z), the Rad- anites were Jewish merchants "speaking Arabic, Per- sian, Roman, the language of the Franks, Andalusians and Slavs." Where did they come from? Did they constitute an international trade association? G. S.

Worrell, W. H. QUSTA IBN LUQA on the use of the celestial globe. Isis, 35, 285-93, 1944.

XTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Atlas, S.; Perlmann, M. SAADIA on the Scroll of the Hasmonaeans. Proceedings of the A'meri- can dcademy for Jewish Research, 14, 1-23, 1944.

Finkelstein, Louis (editor). Rab SAADIA GAON; studies in his honor. xi+I9I, I0I p. New York, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1944.

Reviewed by JOSHUA BLOCH, Jewish Quarterly Re- view, 36, 83-88, 1945.

Ritter, Hellmut. Zum Text von IBN FADLAN'S Reisebericht. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen- landischen Gesellschaft, 96, 98-126, 1942.

Rosenthal, Erwin I. J. (editor). Saadya studies. In commemoration of the one thousandth anniversary of the death of R. SAADYA GAON. xi+ 283 P. Manchester University Press, 1943. 25/.

"This volume is meant to be a tribute to the memory of the initiator of the systematic, scientific study of Judaism and its literature, R. SAADYA GAON. It was felt that the one thousandth anniversary of his death in 942 should not pass without Anglo-Jewish scholarship paying homage to the great teacher in Israel. Much valuable work has been done by the founders of 'Jew- ish science' and their successors in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the attempt to present a full and accurate account of the life-work of SAADYA and its influence on Judaism and Jewish literature." The seventeen articles of this volurne deal exclusively with problems of theology, exegesis, and philology. One of them, by DAVID HERZOG, formerly of Graz, discusses the treatise against SAADIA, ascribed to his pupil DUNASH BEN LABRAT (X-2). G. S.



176 Xth (2) to XIIth (I )

XTH CENTURY (second half)

Adler, Ada. SUIDAE lexicon (Lexicographi graeci, i). Five parts. Leipzig, Teubner, 1928- 1938.

The early volumes of this critical edition of SUIDAS' Greek dictionary (Introd. Ix 69I) have been listed in Isis (I3 I55; I7 482; 23, 493). We are glad to announce the completion of that great work. Part 5 (280 p.) contains elaborate indices; see, e.g., IV. inven- tiones, VI. res scientiae; XIc. vocabula non Graeca.

G. S.

Aluny, Nehemya. Ten DUNASH BEN LABRAT'S riddles. Jewish Quarterly Review, 36, 14I-46, '945.

Fyzee, Asaf A. A. A shi'ite creed. A translation of Risalatu 'I-i'tiqadat of MUIIAMMAD B. 'ALf IBN BABAWAYHI AL-QUMMI known as Shaykh $ADUQ. Xiii+ I44 p. (Islamic Research Associ- ation, 9). London, Oxford University Press, 1942. Rs. 5

"Shaykh $ADCQ (d. 99I) was the author of one of the 'four books' and is universally regarded aimong the Ithni 'Ashari Shl'a as a great authority; and the Risila is one of the earliest Shi'ite creeds extant. It is therefore to be hoped that an exact rendering into English, with the addition of comparative notes and full indexes, will prove of value for the study of the historical evolution of the Shi'ite creed."

Haraszti, Zoltan. The works of HROSWITHA. More Books, 20, 87-119, 139-73, i1lus., Bos- ton, 1945.

Upton, Joseph M. A manuscript of "The book of the fixed stars" by 'ABD AR-RAH;IMAN AS-$StFI. Metropolitan Museum Studies, 4, 1 79-97, 5 1 figs., 1933.

Description of the Ms. in the Metropolitan Museum, one of six illustrated MSS. The description includes SI figures and sufficient references to the studies devoted to the other MSS. See Introd. (I, 665). G. S.

XITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

[al-Birfini]. Die Einleitung zu al-Biruni's Stein- buch. Mit Erliiuterungen iubersetzt von TAQI ED-DIN AL-HILALI. xxi+4I P. (Sammlung orientalistischer Arbeiten, H. 7). Leipzig, Har- rassowitz.

Not seen; published in or before I943.

Salman, D. ALGAZEL et les latins. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, IO-II, 103-27, I936.

Yeghiyan, Puzant. The philosophy of AL- MA'ARRI. Moslem World, 35, 224-36, I945.

XITH CENTURY (second half)

al-Ghazzili. Refutation excellente de la divinite de Jesus-Christ d'apres les Evangiles. Texte etabli, traduit et commente par ROBERT CHIDIAC (S.J.). Preface de Louis MASSIGNON. 107 P. d'introduction; 63 et 63 P. (arabe et traduction). Paris, Leroux, 1939.

Reviewed by F. DE LANVERSIN (S. J.), Melanges de l'Universite Saint Joseph, 22, 232-35, 1939.

Nykl, A. R. La elegia arabe de Valencia. His- panic Review, 8, 9-17, 1940.

Smith, Margaret. AL-GHAZALI, the mystic. A study of the life and personality of ABR HAMID MUIIAMMAD AL-TUSI AL-GHAZALI, together with an account of his mystical teaching and an estimate of his place in the history of Islamic mysticism. 247 p. London, Luzac, I944. 21 S.

Biography of the great theologian and mystic, the ST. THOMAS of Islam, AL-GHAZZALI (Introd. I, 753- 54), and study of his teaching. The author is already known by half a dozen books on Islamic mysticism.

G. S.

XIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Alonso, Manuel Alonso (S.J.). El "Liber de causis primis et secundis et de fluxu qui conse- quitur eas." al-Andalus, 9, 419-40, 1944.

Father ALONSO claims that the Liber de causis and the Liber de causis primis et secundis were written by the same author, who was not AL-FARABI (X-I) but the mysterious JOHN OF SPAIN or JOHN OF SEVILLE IBN DAvID (XII-1). G. S.

Chou Yi-liang. Notes on MARVAZIS account on China. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 9, I3-23, I945.

Apropos of the Arabic text edited and translated by V. MINORSKY in 1942 (Isis, 34, 242). G. S.

Dunlop, D. M. IBN BAJJAH's Tadbiru' 1-muta- wahhid (Rule of the solitary). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6i-8i, I945.

Farrukh, Omar A. IBN BAJJA (Avempace) and the philosophy in the Moslem West. 58 p. (in Arabic). Beirut, I945.

Brief but complete study on IBN BAJJA (XII-x) derived from the Arabic sourceg and also from Western commentaries. It forms part I 6 in a series entitled "Short studies in literature, history and philosophy," all written by the same author, professor of Arabic literature and Islamic philosophy in the Muslim college of Beirut. After an introduction explaining the Western Muslim background the author summarizes IBN BAJJA'S life and works and his influence East and West. The last ten pages contain samples of IBN BAJJA'S writings.

G. S.



XIIth (1) to XIIth (2) 177

Fyzee, Asaf A. A. al-Hidayatu' l-Amiriya, being an epistle of the tenth Fatimid Caliph AL-

AMIR BI-AkIKAMI' L-LAH and an appendix Iqa' awa'iqi' l-irgham. Edited with an introduction and notes. 2I p. in English + 40 p. in Arabic. (Islamic Research Association, no. 7). London, Oxford University Press, 1938.

The Hidaya (or Risila) Amiriya (no. 173 in IVANOW'S Guide to Ismaili literature) "belongs to the type of official instructive correspondence of the caliphs which is known by the name of sijill, or epistle. By such epistles Fatimid Imams used to guide their fol- lowers in religious matters, especially in various situ- ations of emergency." Its publication "paves the way for a better understanding of the interesting problem of succession to MUSTANTIR; for in the estimation of the sectarians themselves, it is the earliest and the most authoritative defence of MUSTA'LT'S claims to the Imamat." The appendix entitled "The fall of the lightning of humiliation" (i.e., upon the enemies of the author) is a reply to critics of the original epistle.

G. S.

Hayen, A. (S.J.). Le concile de Reims et l'erreur theologique de GILBERT DE LA PORREE. Ar- chives d'histoire doctrinale et fitt6raire du moyen age I 0- I, 29-1 02, 1 936.

Jones, Ernest. GEOFF-REY OF MONMOUTH, x64o0-x8oo. (University of California Publica- tions in English, 5, p. 357-442). Berkeley, University of California Press, I944.

Reviewed by LOUISE FARGO BROWN, American His- torical Review, 50, 595, 1945.

Spitzer, Leo. L'amour lointain de JAUFRE RUDEL et le sens de la poesie des troubadours. 74 p. (University of North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literature, no. 5). Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1944.

Reviewed by A. R. NYIL, Specsdum, 20, 252-58, 1945.

Thorndike, Lynn. The Latin translations of the astrological tracts of ABRAHAM AVENEZRA. Isis, 35, 293-302, 1944.

Thorndike, Lynn. More manuscripts of the Dragmaticon and Philosophia of WILLIAM OF CONCHES. Speculum, 20, 84-87, 1945.

XIITH CENTURY (second half)

Douglas, David C. (editor). The Domesday Monachorum of Christ Church, Canterbury. Edited with an introduction. 127 p., pls. Lon- don, Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1944.

Reviewed by CARL STEPHENSON, American Historical Review, 51, 10405, 1945.

Gauthier, Leon. AVERROES, traite decisif (Faol el-maqal) sur l'accord de la religion et de la philosophie suivi de l'appendice (Dhamima). Texte arabe, traduction franqaise remaniee avec notes et introduction. pp. xxii+ (38 x 2)+p. 39- 5o. (Bibliotheque arabe-frangaise). Alger, Car- bonel, 1942.

Edition in Arabic with French translation on op- posite pages, and an elaborate introduction, of the Fasl al-maqa1 and the Damima, first edited by AUGUST

MULLER in I859. A German translation by the same appeared posthumously in Munich I 875, a French translation by GAUTHIER in Alger 1905, an English one in Baroda 1921 (Introd. 2, 359). The Damima was translated by RAYMOND MARTIN (XIII-2) and inserted by him in his Pugio fidei, but the Fasl al-maqal as well as a third treatise Manahij al-adilla fi 'aqa'id al-milla (method of proofs concerning the dogmas of religion) remained unknown to the mediaeval Latin scholars (not to the Hebrew ones, see STEINSCHNEIDER, P. 277, I1893). As GAUTHIER remarks "On comprend fort bien que les scolastiques chretiens du moyen age aient fait l'honneur d'une traduction a un petit traite arabe ayant pour objet d'expliquer comment Dieu peut connaitre les choses individuelles; mais pouvaient-ils s'interesser aux Manahidj, long recueil de versets qoraniques et de hadits de 1' 'imposteur' MAHOMET? et pouvaient-ils, surtout, accueillir autrement que par un mouvement d'horreur un traite proclamant que les religions revelees, juive, chretienne, islamique, ne con- tiennent aucune verite indemontrable par la raison philosophique, mais seulement des symboles imaginatifs des plus hautes verites de la philosophie; que des croy- ances religieuses obligatoires pour une categorie de croyants sont, pour les deux autres categories, formelle- ment interdites; que la speculation theologique est une maladie redoutable dont le bras seculier a le devoir d'empecher la diffusion, etc.!" This handy edition published in Algiers during the war increases our debt to a great Islamic scholar to whom we owe already so much (e.g., Isis, 8, 598; I3, 526; I5, 284; 30, 100-03; 32, 136-38). G. S.

Halk;n, A. S. Classical and Arabic material in IBN 'AQNIN'S "Hygiene of the Soul." Proceed- ings of the American Academy for Jewish Re- search, 14, 25-I47, I944.

"Of the works of MAIMONIDES' disciple JOSEPH B. JUDAH IBN 'AQNIN (d. 1226), his ethical composition, the Tibb al-nuf;is, and his Commentary on the Song of Songs have so far remained largely unedited and un- translated. We have undertaken a study of the aphor- isms contained in the Tibb al-nufis independently of the edition of the entire book because it involves an exam- ination and analysis which would exceed the scope of an editor's introduction to his text." Contents: I. In- troduction. I. IBN 'AQNTN'S sources. 2. SOCRATES in the Arab-Jewish tradition. 3. GALEN'S tract "On freedom from grief." II. Text and translation.

Huang Siu-Chi. Lu HSIANG-SHAN. A twelfth century Chinese idealist philosopher. iv+i i 6 p., 5 figs. New Haven, American Oriental Society, 1944. $2.00.



I78 XIIth (2) to XIIIth ( I)

"The Neo-Confucianism of the Sung dynasty (960- I28o) in China has generally been known to the western world through the philosophy of CHU Hsi (I130- 1200), who is undoubtedly the greatest thinker of the period. Yet very little attention has been given to Lp HSIANG-SHAN (0 139-1193), an important contemporary Neo-Confucianist who independently and boldly opposed many of CHU Hsi's tenets, and thus developed a school in Neo-Confucianism very different from that of the latter. Lu's school, which reached its culmination with the Ming philosopher, WANG YANG-MING (1472-1529), may not be overlooked if the philosophy of the Sung period and its subsequent developments are to be properly evaluated. The following pages attempt to examine, on the one hand, Lu HSIANG-SHAN'S reac- tion against the existing philosophy of his time and, on the other hand, his advocacy of a form of monistic ideal- ism which, in the course of the past several centuries, has been regarded as one of the most influential types of thought in Chinese philosophy. So far as is known, the present work is the only monograph in a western language devoted exclusively to Lu HSIANG-SHAN. In order to let Lu HSIANG-SHAN speak for himself, passages from his own conversations and writings have been selected and translated from the original Chinese."

In my Introduction (vol. 2, 398) the subject of this study was called Lu CHIU-YUAN, which is correct. He is more generally known, however, under his nickname, Lu HSIANG-SHAN, and he called himself HSIANG-SHAN WENG (the old man of the elephant mountain). He died on Jan. IO, 1193 (not II92) at the age of 54. Miss HUANG concludes her study with an elaborate bibliography (largely Chinese) and a glossary in Chi- nese type. G. S.

Johnson, Helen M. Tamala and vetra. Jour- nal of the American Oriental Society, 64, 224,

1944- Notes on HEMACANDRA'S botanical glossary.

Meyerhof, Max. Sultan SALADIN'S physician on the transmission of Greek medicine to the Arabs. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I 8, I69-7 8,

1945-

[Nizami]. Makhzanol asrar. The treasury of mysteries of NEZAMI of Ganjeh. Translated for the first time from the Persian, with an introductory essay on the life and times of NEZAMI, by GHOLAM HOSEIN DARAB. London, Probsthain, 1945?

Translation of the siifi poem Makhzan al-asrar written in i I65 by NIZAM AL-DIN ABU MUHAMMAD ILYAS IBN YUSUF AL-NIZAMI, born in Ganja (Elisavetpol) 1I4I, d. 1203. G. S.

Pereira, Henrique Antonio. AVERROIS. Sua vida, obras e doutrina. Com algumas palavras do RAU'L DA COSTA TORRES. xii+8o p. (Pensa- dores airabes - I) Porto, "Pensamento," 1939.

Reviewed by JOAQUiM FIGANIER, Petrus Nonius, 4, 94, 1941.

Sanford, Eva Matthews. GIRALDUS CAM- BRENSIS' debt to PETRUS CANTOR. Medievalia et Humanistica, 3, I6-32, 1945.

William of Tyre [XII-2]. A history of deeds done beyond the sea. Translated by EMILY A. BABCOCK and A. C. KREY. Two vols.: xii+ 556 P.; 553 P. (Records of Civilization, Rec- ords and Studies, 35). New York, Columbia University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by EDGAR H. McNEAL, Speculnum, 0o, 2239-40, 1945.

XIIITHI CENTURY (whole and first half)

Daude de Pradas. The romance of DAUDE DE PRADAS called Dels Auzels Cassadors. Edited with introduction, summary, notes, and glossary by ALEXANDER HERMAN SCHUTZ. xi+225 P. Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1945.

Elaborate edition of the Provencal poem on falconry (3792 lines) to which attention had been called in my Introd. 2, 648. The editor was eminently qualified to prepare it because of his edition of DAUDE'S poems (Bibl. merid. XXII, Toulouse 1933). DAUDE WaS born in Pradas (Aveyron; Rouergue) near the end of the twelfth century, he was a canon, magister, ecclesiastical judge and operarius in the cathedral of Rodez (the ancient capital of Rouergue). The edition is based on the five known MSS, is preceded by an essay on falconry in life and letters and accompanied by the necessary apparatus and glossary. The poem is not translated but summarized (p. 25-50), and this is, I believe, a much better method, for one can readily find its contents and refer to the original text of each section. Prof. SCHUTZ'S edition is an important contribution to Provenqal literature and also to the study of mediaeval falconry; it is the second significant American contribution to that subject within a few years, the first being WOOD and FYFE'S translation of FREDERICK II's treatise (Stanford I9435 Isis, 35 I82). G. S.

Dickson, Marcel; Dickson, Christiane. Le cardinal ROBERT DE COURSON. Sa vie. Afrchives d'histoire doctrinale et litte'raire du moyen a^ge. 9, 53-142, 1934.

Grunebaum, G. E. von. AS-SAKKAKI on mllieu and thought. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 65, 62, 1945.

AL-SAKKAKT (Introd. 2, 70 ) anticipated IBN KHALDCN in his analysis of nomadic vs. sedentary life.

G. S.

Krueger, Hilmar C. Early Genoese trade with Atlantic Morocco. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 3, 3-I5, 1945-

Lator, Esteban (S.J.). IBN SAB'TN de Murcia y su "Budd al-'arif." al-Andalus, 9, 371-417, 1944.



XIIIth (I) to XIIIth (2) 179 Apropos of IBN SAB'IN (XIII-i) and a mystical

treatise of his. G. S.

Meyerhof, Max. Arabic tooth-worm stories. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 203-04,

I945. Apropos of AL-JAWBARI (Introd. 2, 635).

Muckle, J. T. ROBERT GROSSETESTE'S use of Greek sources in his Hexameron. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 3, 33-48, 1945.

Richards, Claude Taylor. The rebellion and disappearance of the Saracens in Sicily. Harvard University, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D., I94I, 222-24, Cambridge, Mass., 1945.

Westermann, Edwin J. A comparison of some of the sermons and the Dicta of ROBERT GROS- SETESTE. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 3,

49-68, I945.

XIIITH CENTURY (second half)

Arnould, Emile Jules. Le manuel des peches. Etude de litterature religieuse anglo-normande (XIIIme siecle). ix+45I p. (These pour le doctorat es lettres presentee a la faculte de l'Uni- versite de Paris). Paris, Droz, 1940.

Reviewed by CHARLES LAIRD, SpecuIum, 20, 99-103,

1945.

Beckerlegge, Oliver A. (editor). Le secre de secrez by PIERRE D'ABERNUN of Fetcham, from the unique manuscript B.N.f.fr. 25407. Iviii+ 92 p. (Anglo-Norman Texts - V). Oxford, Blackwell, I 944.

Anglo-Norman poem of 2384 lines edited with notes, glossary and an elaborate introduction. The author, PIERRE D'ABERNUN of Fetcham (from Abenon near Lisieux), may be identical with PIERRE DE PECKHAM, who died in 1293, but that is unproved; he wrote three poems the Lumire as lais (1267), the Vie de Saint Richard (1270) and the Secri de secrez (after 1267). See Introd. (2, 201, 722)7. G. S.

Burch, Vacher. The Excepciones from SIMON OF HEYNTON'S Summa. Medievalia et Human- istica, fasc. 3, 69-80, 1945.

SIMON DE HEYTON, English Dominican, provincial C. 1254. His Summa dates probably from c. 1240. The author of the Exceptiones from that Summa was a monk of Croyland; could he be identified with THOMAS DE WELLE (fl. c. 1247)? G. S.

Chevallier, Paul. La structure intime de la matiere au moyen age d'apres les oeuvres d'AR- NAUD DE VILLENEUVE, illustre medecin et chimiste (I235-1313). Revue getnerale des sciences, 52, 31-35, 3 figs., 1942.

Dunlop, D. M. A Spanish Muslim saint: AB f? L-'ABBAS AL-MURSI. Moslem World, 35, I8 I- 96, I945-

Giles of Rome. Errores philosophorum. Critical text with notes and introduction by JOSEF KOCH. English translation by JOHN 0. RIEDL. lix+ 69 p. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Marquette Uni- versity Press, I944. $3.00.

GILES OF ROME (Introd. 2, 922-26) wrote this treatise between 1268 and I273; its full title is Errores philosopphorum Aristotelis, Averroes, Avicennae, Alga- zelis, Alkindi, Rabbi Moysis. GILES was concerned only with those six men, and he made a compilation of the passages in the Latin versions of their writings which were contrary to the Christian faith. His coinpilation enjoyed some popularity, witness the survival of at least 27 MSS, which are described. It was first printed in Vienna, 1482. Second edition, Venice I581. Third edition, incomplete, by C. DUPLESSIS D'ARGENTRE in his Collectio iudiciorum de novis erroribus (Paris 1724). Later editions by RENAN and MANDONNET were also incomplete. MANDONET claimed that the treatise was apocryphal; KOCH shows that that claim is unwarranted. His complete and critical edition and RIEDL's English translation are very welcome. G. S.

Kibre, Pearl. An alchemical tract attributed to ALBERTUS MAGNUS. Isis, 35, 303-I6, I944.

Michel, Henri. L'astrolabe lineaire D'AL-TUsI. Ciel et Terre, 59, IOI-07, 1943.

Paulus, Jean. HENRI DE GAND et l'argument ontologique. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, IO-I I, 265-323, 1936.

Sharp, D. SIMONIS DE FAVERSHAM (C. I 240- I 306) Quaestiones super tertium De anima. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litt6raire du moyen age, 9, 307-68, I 934.

StegmUIler, Friedrich. Der Traktat des ROB- ERT KILWARDBY 0.P. De imagine et vestigio Trinitatis. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, Io-II, 324-407, 1936.

Steinberg, S. H. A French version of DURANTI'S prescriptions on the presentation of papal bulls. The Library, 23, 84-89, 1942.

Swiezawski, Stefan. Les intentions premieres et les intentions secondes chez JEAN DUNS SCOT. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litte'raire du moyen age, 9, 205-60, I934.

Thomson, S. H. An unnoticed MS of some works of Magister ADAM OF BOCFELD. Medi- evalia et Humanistica, fasc. 3, 132-33, 1945.

FOR ADAM OF BOCFELD (fl. 1300?), see DNB (z, 77), GRABMANN (2928; Isis, 13, 205). G. S.



I 8o XIIIth (2) to XIVth (i) Thorndike, Lynn. FRANCO DE POLONIA and

the turquet. Isis, 36, 6-7, 1945. "FRANCO OF POLAND (de Polonia) who was prob-

ably of the thirteenth century, rather than FRANCO OF LIfEGE of the eleventh century or FRANCO OF COLOGNE (de Colonia) who wrote on musical matters in the twelfth century, was the author of what seems the earliest treatise in Latin on the astronomical instrument known as torquetum or turquetum."'

Thorndike, Lynn. PETER OF LIMOGES on the comet of 1299. Isis, 36, 34, 1945.

"It is the primary purpose of the present note to call attention to a brief work by him . . . on the comet of I299 preserved in a Cambridge manuscript. This little tract is the more important in that it appears to be the only one known upon the comet of that year. It has therefore seemed advisable to reproduce it here in full in both Latin text and English translation."

Tjerneld, HAkan. Moamin et Ghatrif. Traites de fauconnerie et des chiens de chasse. Edition princeps de la version franco-italienne. 3-444 p., 3 pls. Stockholm, Fritze, 1945.

Elaborate edition of the French mediaeval translation of those two texts. Moamin was originally written in Arabic; it was translated into Latin by THEODORE of Antioch (XIII-I), and corrected by the latter's patron the emperor FREDERICK II in 124I. The original text of Ghatrif was probably in Persian; we do not know who translated it into Latin. Both books were translated from Latin into French by DANIEL DELOC of Cremona for FREDERICK'S natural son ENZIO, king of Sardinia (Introd. 2, 648). ENZIO was his father's best captain in Italy and fought with him the pope's armies, but he was defeated by the people of Bologna at Fos- salta in 1249; he was taken to Bologna where he remained in captivity until his death on March I4, 1272.

The translation was made by DANIEL during ENZIO'S captivity and perhaps revised by himn after ENZIO'S death. The editor, Dr. TJERNELD, professor in the high school of Stockholm, has not only edited these two important texts but added all available information on their origin, history, translations, MSS in Latin, Italian, and French, on the peculiarities of their language and added the indispensable glossary plus an index of proper names. It would have been useful to list separately the Arabic words as was done for the Latin ones. A review of this work will appear later. G. S.

"Yang Chih-chiu;" Ho Yung-chi. Marco Polo quits China. Harvard Journal of asiatic Studies, 9, 51, 1945.

"Western students seem to have agreed upon I292 for this date, but the following text would seem to set his departure at the end of I290 or the very beginning of I2 9 I*.

XIVTH CENTURY (whole and first half)

Baudry, L. A propos de la theorie occamiste de la relation. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, 9, I99-203, 1934.

Baudry, L. En lisant JEAN LE CHANOINE. Ar- chives d'histoire doctrinale et litteraire du moyen age, 9, 175-97, 1934.

"Des recherches sur GUILLAUME D'OCCAM ont amene I'auteur de ces lignes a jeter un coup d'oeil sur la Physique de JEAN MARBRES, appel6 encore JEAN LE CHANOINE. I1 voudrait aujourd'hui presenter deux remarques. La premiere a pour objet les Theorenata attribues a DUNS Scor. La deuxieme concerne la theorie du mouvement et ce qu'en dit P. DUHEM." JOHN THE CANON (XIV-I) was an English Franciscan who flourished c. 1329. G. S.

Baudry, L. Les rapports de GUILLAUME D'OC- CAM et de WALTER BURLEIGH. Archives d'histoire doctrinale et litttraire du moyen age, 9, '55-73, 1934-

Baudry, L. Sur trois manuscrits occamistes. 4r- chives d'histoire doctrinale et litte'raire du moyen age, I0-I , 129-62, 1936.

Coulter, Cornelia C. The library of the Ange- vin kings at Naples. Transactions and Proceed- ings of the American Philological 1ssociation, 75, 141-55, 1944.

"The record of expenditures from the treasury of the kings of Naples in the years Iz80-I342, when members of the House of Anjou were on the throne, corroborates what we know from other sources about the brilliance of life at the Neapolitan court and the keen intellectual interests of the kings and their associates. A particularly interesting set of entries deals with the copying and purchase of manuscripts: amounts paid for parchment and pigments; payment to scribes, correctors, illumi- nators, and book-binders; lists of books acquired, by copying or by purchase; and occasional notes about the source of the books or the purpose for which they were intended. About one hundred books are listed in the records of I2 80-1342, most of them in the reign of King ROBERT THE WISE (1309-1343). The titles include devotional and liturgical books, Biblical texts and theological treatises, history, works on Canon Law, a number of scientific works, and a few classical texts. The titles are not only interesting in themselves, but significant for the intellectual movements of the time and for the influence of certain distinguished scholars who made their home at Naples in the reign of King ROBERT."

Dean, Ruth J. The earliest known commentary on LivY is by NICHOLAS TREVET. Medievalia et Humanistica, fasc. 3, 86-98, I Pl., 1945.

"On Livy's history, widely esteemed and quoted as it was throughout the Middle Ages, no extant MS copy of a medieval commentary has heretofore come to light. Even the earliest pieces of evidence that such a commentary existed are not found until the first half of the fourteenth century. Others appear in the course of the century, but none gives us the complete text of a formal commentary. One such piece of evidence does at least give some text: anonymous marginal notes are found in the copy of Livy: which PETRARCH bought in 1351.



XI Vth (I) to XI Vth (2) I8I

The other fourteenth-century evidences are merely references to a commentary ascribed to NICHOLAS TREVET. TREVET, an English Dominican, was born about 1265 (or a little earlier) and died after 1334. He wrote a number of commentaries, some of which continued to be well-known, but his work on LivY disappeared from record, save for an occasional brief notice, and was thought to be lost. A fifteenth-century copy of a commentary on twenty books of Livy has recently come to light and can be shown to be a fourteenth-century composition. It is both the 'lost' commentary by NICHOLAS TREVET and the source of the notes in PETRARCH'S

Lucas, Henry S. JOHN CRABBE: Flemish pirate, merchant, and adventurer. Speculum, 20, 334-50, 1945.

Meyerhof, Max. Sur un traite d'agriculture compose par un sultan yemenite du XIVe siecde. Bulletin de Plnstitut d'Egypte, 25, 55-63, 1943; 26, 5I-65, 1944.

"Le traite d'agriculture Bughyat al-fallihin compose par le sultan yemenite AL-'ABBAS IBN 'ALI AR- RASOLI vers 774/I 372 est sans doute un ouvrage re- marquable, quoiqu'il n'atteigne pas l'etendue et la pro- fondeur de l'Agriculture espagnole composee par IBN AL-'AwwAM de S6ville au XIIe siecle de l'ere chretienne. L'auteur a englobe dans son livre la vaste experience de ses ancetres, les sultans rassoulides, qui se distinguaient par leur erudition et leur predilection pour I'agriculture et 1'horticulture. Ayant lui-meme acquis une education dans les sciences arabes, il 6crit dans un style pur et simple, facile 'a comprendre. Son ouvrage contient de nombreux termes techniques d'agriculture et beaucoup de noms de plantes qui manquent dans les dictionnaires, et il fournit une contribution notable a la lexicographie arabe. De plus, nous croyons qu'il serait 'a recommander de faire examiner ce trait6 par des specialistes agrono- mes, parce qu'on y trouve un grand nombre de nethodes de plantation, fumage, greffe et arrosage qui ne sont peut-etre pas sans valeur pour l'agriculture tropicale de notre temps. Pour toutes ces raisons nous pensons qu'il serait utile d'editer ce traite en arabe avec traduction dans une langue europeenne et avec un commentaire."

Meyerhof, Max. An early mention of sleeping sickness in Arabic chronicles. Journal of the Egyptian Medical dssociatson, 24, 284-86, '94'-

Mention made by IBN KHALDIYN (Arabic text quoted with translation) and repeated by AL-QALQASHANDI.

G. S.

Thorndike, Lynn. Dates in intellectual history: the fourteenth century. 53 p. Supplement number I, Journal of the History of Ideas, 1945.

Abundant chronology of the century year by year, received too late to be taken into account for my vol. III. It is probable that it would have suggested to me interpolations or even the inclusion of new items.

G. S.

XIVTH CENTURY (second half)

Arnould, Emile Jules (editor). Le livre de seyntz medicines. The unpublished devotional treatise of HENRY OF LANCASTER. Text. xv+ 244 p., frontispiece. (Anglo-Norman Texts, II). Oxford, Blackwell, 1940.

"HENRY OF LANCASTER was born about 1 3 I 0, became the first Duke of Lancaster in I35I, and died of the Plague on March 23, 1361. His brilliant achievements as a diplomat and an army leader during the first period of the Hundred Years War, his powerful and beneficial influence on EDWARD III and the unblemished nobility of his character are reflected in many pages of the contemporary chroniclers, first among whom FRoIs- SART has left a vivid record of the 'dus de Lancastre qui fu vaillans sires, sages et imaginatis.' The Livre de Seyntz Medicines which he 'began and completed' in 1354, during a brief lull in his numerous activities, gives an insight into the soul of the man. While clearly meant to be read by his friends and even a wider public, it is a sequence of intimate confessions, written in the form of a prayer and laboriously woven day by day around the general symbol indicated by the title. In the first part Lancaster describes in great detail, and with much repetition, seven wounds or sores which afflict his soul: they are in his senses, his liinbs and his heart, all infected with the poison of the seven deadly sins. In the second part, he requests from the Divine Physician and His Assistant, the 'Douce Dame,' the remedies that may heal those wounds and restore him to spiritual health."

[Chaucer]. CHAUCER'S treatise on the astrolabe, MS 4862-4869 of the Royal Library in Brus- sels. Edite par P. PINTELON. XiV+ 127 p. Rijks- universiteit te Gent, 1940.

Compte rendu par SIMONNE D'ARDENNE, Le Moyen Age, 12 206-09, I941.

Coffman, George R. CHAUCER and courtly love once more -' The Wife of Bath's Tale.' Speculum, 20, 43-50, 1945.

Dafydd ab Gwilym. Fifty poems. Translated by H. IDRIS BELL and DAVID BELL. xx+320 p. (Y Cymmrodor, 48). London, The Honour- able Society of Cymmrodorion, 1942.

Reviewed by KENNETH JACKSON, Speculum, 20, 240-44, 1943. IDRIs BELL concludes: "The lonely greatness of DANTE brooks no rival, but if he be left out of account DAFYDD certainly takes rank with the greatest mediaeval poets, as we may justly acclaim him to be the greatest poet of Wales."

Milla's Vallicrosa, Jose M.; Busquets Mulet, Jaime. Albaranes mallorquines en aljamiado hebraicoairabe. Sefarad, Revista de la Escuela de Estudios Hebraicos, de Madrid, 4, fasc. 2, 275- 86, ill., 1944.

Renaud, H. P. J. Sur un passage D'IBN KHAL- DUN relatif 'a 1'histoire des mathematiques. Hes- P rS , R, 31)3-47, I f1g.. 1944.



I82 XlVth (2) to XVth (2)

This article partly based upon new MSS is important for the study of MUIIAMMAD IBN 'ABDALLAH AL-HAS- SAR (XII-2) and of IBN QUNFUDH (XIV-2). RENAUD shows that the latter already used the algebraical symbolism ascribed to AL-QALAiADf, the last Spanish Arabic mathematician, who died in 1486. Facsimile reproductions of IBN QUNFUDH'S equations. G. S.

Rufus, W. Carl; Chao, Celia. A Korean star map. Isis, 35, 3I6-26, I p1., I944.

"The astronomical chart of Yi TAT-JO, founder of the last Korean dynasty in 1392, includes a star map which owes its origin to an engraved stone from China kept at Pyeng Yang, Korea, and lost in the Tai-tong River when Ko-gu-ryu fell in 672 A.D. Yi's astronomers revised the old chart, but incorporated the star map without change in the new stone engraving of 1395. The astrography of the Korean Star Map is therefore not later than the seventh century; but how much older it mav be, we do not know."

Schlauch, Margaret. CHAUCER'S doctrine of kings and tyrants. Speculum, 20, I33-56, 1945.

Worrell, W. H.; Rufus, W. Carl. MARIDINI)S introduction to the use of the quadrant. Scripta Mathematica., 10, 170-80, 1944.

'ABDALLAH IBN KHALIL AL-MARDIN! (d. 1406)

wrote half a dozen mathematical treatises. One of them, Al-durr al-manthiir, represented by many MSS, contains an introduction, 6o chapters and an epilogue. The introduction is here translated on the basis of a MS in the University of Michigan. G. S.

XVTH CENTURY (second half)

Buhler, Curt F. A note on ZEDLER'S Coster theory. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 37, 6i-68, 1943-

Douglas, R. Langton. LEONARDO DA VINCI:

his life and his pictures. xiii+ 127 p., pls. Chi- cago, University of Chicago Press, 1944.

Reviewed by CATHERINE E. BovD, American His- torical Review, 50, 597, I945.

Duniway, David Cushing. A study of the Nuremberg chronicle. Papers of the Biblio- graphical Society of Amercia, 35, I7-34, I941.

Fuhrmann, Otto W. GUTENBERG and the Stras- bourg documents of 1439. An interpretation. To which has been appended the text of the documents in the original Alsatian, the French of LABORDE, and modern German and English translations. Sketches by FRrrZ KREDEL. X+ 260 p., illus., facs. New York, Press of the Woolly Whale, 1940.

Reviewed by FREDERIcK R. GOFF, Papers of the Bib- liographical Society of America, 35, 76-78, 1941.

Fuhrmann, Otto W. The modern conception of GUTENBERG. Papers of the Bibliographical So- ciety of America, 35, i-i6, I941.

Goff, Frederick R. The dates in certain German incunabula. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 34, 1-747, I940.

This study illustrates clearly the many pitfalls which make the exact dating of incunabula so difficult. The author is at present chief of the Rare Books Division in the Library of Congress. G. S.

Heydenreich, Ludwig Heinrich. LEONARDO DA VINCI. Berlin, Rembrandt Verlag, 1944.

According to the Deuttsche 411g. Z. of Dec. x6, 1944, the book contains a discussion of the master's paintings anid sculpture, as well as of his architectural projects, particularly in the fields of fortifications and military technique. A second part contains manuscript notes made by LEONARDO and an evaluation of his research in the fielis of mathematics, optics, mechanics, anatomy and cosmology. The volume contains 7230 illustrations. Nine colored plates were to have been included, but were destroyed in an air raid. G. S.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. The scholastic background of MARSILIo FICINo. With an edition of published texts. Traditio, 2, 257-3I8, 1944.

This includes 44 pages of unpublished texts. "The scholastic element in FIcINO'S thought," concludes KRISTELLER, "is Aristotelian rather than Platonic in character, and it is obviously due to FICINO's early training at the University of Florence. The specific sources of this element are difficult to verify as long as the philosophical and theological environment of fifteenth-century Italy is not more thoroughly investigated. For it is among the Italian scholastics of the fourteenth and the early fifteenth century that we have to look for FICINO'S teachers, not among the philosophers connected with the French schools of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, who have so far attracted most of the interest of competent medievalists. The presence of this scholastic, Aristotelian element in FICINO'S Platonism is not surprising at all. Unlike his predecessors, the early Italian humanists, FICINO was sincerely interested in speculative philosophical thought, not only in eloquence or vague moralizing, and the Aristotelianism of the schools was the only tradition which at that time could provide him with a thorough philosophical training. Thus he was enabled to build his Platonism on the method and terminology of late medieval Aristotelian- ism, whereas he owed his approach and his problems, partly to the humanistic movement of his time, and partly to his own thought and experience; and most of the content of his philosophy, to a direct study of ancient Platonic and Pseudo-Platonic as well as early Christian sources."

Marcondes de Souza, T. 0. 0 descobrimento da America e a supsota prioridade dos Portu- gueses. 246 p. Sao Paulo, Editora Brasiliense, 1944.

Reviewed by G. R. CRONE, Geographical Journal, 105, 72-73, 1945.



XVth (2) to XVIth (I) i83

Michel, Henri. Un manuscrit cosmographique due XVe siecle. Ciel et Terre, 58, 131-33, 1942.

Almanach flamand de 1464. Sphericite du globe. La lune est la cause des marees et reqoit sa lumiere du soleil. J. P.

Panofsky, Erwin. ALBRECHT D'URER. Vol. I, Xiii+3 11 p. Vol. II, XXXVi+2o8 P. 325 ills. Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1945-

Second edition revised, the first appearing in 1943. Vol. I contains studies on DUYRER'S life and art, divided as follows: I. Apprenticeship and early years of travel, 1484-1495. II. Five years of intense productivity, 1495-I500. III. Five years of rational synthesis, I500-

iS05. IV. The second trip to Italy and the culmination of painting, I505-I 5Io/i i. V. Reorientation in the graphic arts; the culmination of engraving, 1507/II-

1514. VI. DtYRER'S activity for MAXIMILIAN I; the "decorative style," I112/13-1518/19. VII. The crisis of ISIg; the journey to the Netherlands, 1520-1521;

the last works, 152 1-1528. VIII. Di)RER as a theorist of art. Selected bibliography. The chapter on art theory partly repeats the Warburg monograph of 1940

(Isis, 34, 48). Vol. II includes the handlist of DiJRER'S works (1551 items) and 325 illustrations. G. S.

Renaud, H. P. J. Sur l'origine du nom D'AL- QALA?ADI. Isis, 36, 69, 1945.

Apropos of the mathematician AL-QALAjADI, the last Muslim mathematician of Spain. G. S.

XVITH CENTURY (whole and first half) B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Kienle, H. Das Weltsystem des KOPERNIKUS und das Weltbild unserer Zeit. Die Naturwis- senschaften, 31, 1-12, 1943.

Mizwa, Stephen P. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS. A tribute of nations. xix+268 p., fllus. New York, Kosciuszko Foundation, 1945.

This elegantly printed and well illustrated book is a memorial of the festivities organized in 1943 all over the world to celebrate the fourth centenary of COPER- NiCUS' death on May 24X 1543, and of the publication of his Revolutiones orbium coelestium. The main part of the book (216 p.) is devoted to the United States where the celebrations were exceptionally numerous; eighteen other nations are dealt with more briefly (30 p.). A breezy foreword is contributed by Prof. HAR- LOW SHAPLEY. The short list of Copernicus celebrations which we published (Isis, 35, 30) should be dis- regarded. MIZWA'S elaborate list may be considered an official record of what was probably the most elaborate and universal celebration of an early scientist which ever occurred. It is probable that an almost equally large number of conferences were devoted to VESALIUS in the same year I943, if not a larger one, for the number of physicians is exceedingly larger than the number of astronomers. On the other hand the Belgian government did not take the trouble to honor VESALIUS

as the Polish government did to honor COPERNICUS. Long as it is, MIZWA's list is obviously incomplete. There are far more than nineteen countries in the world, but it would have been impossible to compile a list relative to the whole world. We may be sure that the Ger- mans and Italians did not fail to celebrate COPERNICUS, but we may be equally sure that they did not celebrate Poland at one and the same time. Moreover, the most impressive celebrations are not necessarily the largest and official ones, but rather the smallest and the most in- formal, which remain unrecorded, except in the hearts of a few men. G. S.

Szczesniak, Boleslaw. Notes on the penetration of the Copernican theory into China (seventeenth-nineteenth centuries). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 30-38, 3 pIs., 1945.

Szczes'niak, Boleslaw. The penetration of the Copernican theory into China and Japan (XVII- XIX centuries). Bulletin of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, 3, 699-717, 1945.

C. NATURAL SCIEN*CES

Da Costa, A. Fontoura. Deambulations of the rhinoceros (ganda) of MUZAFAR, King of Cam- bodia, from 1514 to I5I6. Lisboa, Division of Publications and Library, Agency General for the Colonies, 1937.

An account of the journey of an Indian rhinoceros from Cambodia to Portugal and, later, to Marseilles. The ship carrying the beast to the Pope at Rome was sunk in the Gulf of Genoa. A drawing of this animal by an anonymous Portuguese artist was the model of ALBRECHT DURER'S famous illustration. C. Z.

Goldschmidt, E. P. The Lesina Portolan chart of the Caspian Sea. Geographical Journal, I03, 272-78, i944.

With four plates of reproductions, and elucidatory notes by G. R. CRONE. 'It, or its prototype, if it is a copy, may well date from fifteenth century . . . it cannot be later than x525 . . . not until the Russian surveys of the eighteenth century was the standard of this LESINA chart surpassed.' C. W. A.

Pohl, Frederick, J. AMERIGO VESPUCCI, pilot major. xiv+249 p., 17 illus. New York, Co- lumbia University Press, 1944, reprint 1945. $3.00.

The author reaches the same conclusions as STEFAN ZWEIG (1942; Isis, 35, 229), who is not mentioned at all. G. S.

Q., F. Portulan malinois? Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, 20, p. 842, 1941.

D6but du i 6e siecle?

Rousseau, Jacques. L'Annedda, l'arbre em- ploye par JACQUES CARTIER contre le scorbut. Chronica Botanica, 9, 151-53, 1945.



i84 XvIth (1)

Singer, Charles. An early use of the word "America." Times Literary Supplement, p. .336, London, July 14, 1945.

In the Enchiridion musices NICOLAI WOLLICI Bar- roducensis de gregoriana et figurativa atque contra- puncto simplici percommode tractans, Paris 1Sog. The author was NICHOLAS WOLLICH of Bar-le-duc (in the old duchy of Bar; dept. Meuse). A distich on the title- page reads

Lividus americos liventi murmure tractus Vadat: ut invidiam livor acerbus edat.

Let the envious go -to the American lands. SINGER concludes "The evidence is that the word Amer- ica was so familiar in Paris in 1509 that it could be used for punning in a book quite unrelated to travel or geography." This is surprising, for the name America was first used in print to designate the New World by WALD- SEEMOLLER in Saint Die 1507. May I remark apropos of this that Saint Di6 has been utterly destroyed during the war. G. S.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Coppez, H. Note concernant le monument erige a Bruxelles en l'honneur D'ANDRE VESALE. Bull. de Plcad. r. de me'decine de Belgique, 8, 298-99, 1943.

Cushing, Harvey [I869-I939]. A bio-bibliography of ANDREAS VESALIUS. xxxviii+229 p., frontispiece, 89 figs. (Publication no. 6, His- torical Library, Yale Medical Library). New York, Schuman's, 1943.

Reviewed by J. B. DE C. M. SAUNDERS, Isis, 35, 338- 4 I X I fig-) I 944.

Diepgen, Paul. THEOPHRASTUS VON HOHEN- HEIM surnamed PARACELSUS, the physician who bridged the ages. Research and Progress, 8, 107-24, 1942.

Fisch, Max H. VESALIUS in English state papers. Bulletin of the Medical Library dssociation, 33, 231-53, 5 figs., 1945.

Fredericq, Leon [1851-1935]. ANDRE VEi- SALE. Memnoires de la Sociewte' royale des Sciences de Lie'ge, 6, 335-69, 1942.

Leboucq, G. A propos du quatrieme centenaire de la publication du celebre traite D'ANDRE VESALE: "De humani corporis fabrica"; traduction [fransaise] de la preface. Bull. de 1'Acad. r. de me'decine de Belgique, 8, 285-98, 1943.

Leboucq, Georges. ANDRE VE'SALE. Deuxieme edition. 10I p., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, ire serie, no 7). Bruxelles, Office de publicite', I1944.

Many Vesalian studies have been published in Amer- ica and other countries at the time of the fourth centen-

ary of the Fabrica (see Isis, 34, 193, 2446, 513; 35, 30, 6i, 229, etc.); it is not surprising that the Belgians published their share of them, and the more so because German terror increased their need of glorifying the Belgian heroes and obtaining some comfort from the strength and greatness of their ancestors. One of the last studies written by LEON FREDERICQ was devoted to VESALIUS. Here is another written by the professor of anatomy in the University of Ghent. It includes studies not only of VESALIUS' life and achievements, but also of pre-Vesalian anatomy and of post-Vesalian anatomy down to HARVEY. The book ends with a brief account of VESALIUS' physiology by Dr. DE WAELE, professor of physiology in Ghent, and a translation of the physiological chapter of the Fabrica (book VII, ch. XIX).

G. S.

Richards, Gertrude R. B. The Castle of Health. More Books, 20, 47-50, Boston 1945.

Sir THOMAS ELYOT: The Castel of Helth. First edition, I534; third, 1541. Other books by ELYOT are briefly discussed. G. S.

Singer, Charles. Some Vesalian problems. Bul- letin of the History of Medicine, I7, 425-38, I illus., I 945.

Strong, Leonell C. ANTHONY ASKHAM, the author of the Voynich manuscript. Science, IOI, 608-609, 1945.

Trent, Josiah C. The editio princeps of GUEN- THER'S Institutiones anatomicae. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, IO9-II, I P., I 1945.

The princeps is the Paris edition of 1536, not the Basel one of the same year.

Whiting, B. J. A dramatic clyster. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I6, 5II-I3, 1944.

"Account of the epic clystering described in JOHN HEYWOOD'S Thze Playe Called the Foure PP. HEY- WOOD'S play is first known in a print of 1545 or there- abouts, but it had doubtless been composed a good score of years before that date."

E. ALIA

Graf, Pablo. Luis Vives como apologeta. Con- tribucion a la historia de la apologetica. Traduc- cion directa del aleman por JOSE' Ma MILLAS VALLICROSA. I58 p. (Consejo Superior de In- vestigaciones Cientificas). Madrid, I943.

Spanish translation of GRAF'S Inaug.-Diss., Ludwig Vives als Apologet (Freiburg i. Br. 1932). The book is centered upon the De veritate fidlei christianae which Luis VIVES (Valencia 1492-Bruges I540) wrote toward the end of his life and which was first published posthumously by JOANNES OPORINUS (Basel 1I543). That book was frequently reprinted and discussed. G. S.

Olschki, Leonardo. MACHIAVELLI, the scientist. iv+5 8 p. Berkeley, California, Gillick Press, 1945. $1.50.

This is a very well written and convincing plea for



XVIth (i) to XVIth (2) i85

MACHIAVELLI, who loved his native land more than his own soul and was anxious to rehabilitate it. He was scientifically minded even as LEONARDO DA VINCI and GALILEO, more successful than the former because his thought was more concentrated, and less successful than the latter because his subject was much more difficult. The two polar forces in history, fortuna and virtui, are infinitely complex as compared with physical ones. OLSCHKI insists that MACHIAVELLI'S Principe was essen- tially different from the mediaeval Regimina principum because his forerunners wrote without political or administrative experience. I am not sure that that statement is correct; some of the Latin or Arabic authors of Regimina did not lack experience, but they lacked the ability to benefit from their experience because of their scholastic inhibitions. MACHIAVELLI was anti-scholastic, rationalist, empirical; his book differs from theirs not so much because he had more experience but rather because he had the temperament of a man of science.

G. S.

Delepinne, Berthe. ERASME, prince des human- istes. I 3 I p. (Collection "Epopees, recits et leg- endes de Belgique"). Wemmel-Brussels, Les Editions Draps, 1944.

Reviewed by LESTER K. BORN, American Historical Review, 5o, 598, 1945.

Kohier, Manfred. MELANCHTHON und der Islam; ein Beitrag zur KlIarung des Verhalt- nisses zwischen Christentum und Fremdreligi- onen in der Reformationszeit. I64 p. Leipzig, Klotz, 1938.

Reviewed by ARTHUR JEFFERY, Moslem World, 35, 253, 1945.

Ricard, Robert. Goesiana. Hesperis, 3 I, 6568, '944.

"Je groupe sous ce titre un certain nombre de remarques en marge de la chronique du roi EMMANUEL ler de Portugal par DAMIAO DE G6IS. Le lecteur se referera a ma traduction, Les Portugais au Maroc de 1495 a 152x, Rabat, 1937.Y

White, Helen C. Social criticism in popular religious literature of the sixteenth century. ix+ 330 p. New York, Macmillan, 1944.

Reviewed by MILDRED CAMPBELL, American His- torical Review, 5s, 316, 1945.

XVITH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

Archibald, Raymond C. Early decimal division of the sexagesimal degree. Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation, I, no. Io, 400-01, 1945-

Archibald, Raymond C. First published com- pound interest tables. Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation, I, no. 10, 401-02, 1945.

Depau, Robert. SIMON STEVIN. 127 P., figs., frontispiece. (Collection nationale). Bruxelles, Office de publicite, I942.

One of the studies on the history of Belgian science published in Belgium during the war (Isis, 36, 1 3'). It is an elaborate account of the Flemish mathematician STEVIN, with detailed information concerning each of his works. G. S.

Sarton, George. Answer 2 to Query no. 38. JEAN TRENCHANT, French mathematician of the second half of the sixteenth century (Isis, 21, 207-09; 24, I13). Isis, 35, 33I, I944.

Van Hercke, Jean J. La jeunesse de SIMON STEVIN et les troubles de la Reforme. Ciel et Terre, 58, 3I-34, 1942.

"L'illustre mathematicien avait adhe're - et peut- etre avait toujours appartenu -a une communaut-6 protestante." J. P.

Waller Zeper, Cornelis Marius. De oudste intresttafels in Italie, Frankrijk en Nederland met een herdruk van STEVINS "Tafelen van interest." Proefschrift ter verkrijging van den graad van doctor in de wis- en natuurkunde aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. Op gezag van den Rector Magnificus Dr. J. VAN DER HOEVE, Hoogleeraar in de Faculteit der Geneeskunde, voor de Faculteit der Wis- en Natuurkunde pub- liek te verdedigen op dinsdad 6 April 1937. 95+ 92+4 p. Amsterdam, Noord-Hollandsche Uit- geversmaatschappij, 1937.

This Leiden thesis contains a complete facsimile reprint (92 p.) of STEVIN'S first published work, the interest tables printed in Dutch in Antwerp I582 (see Isis, 2Ii 247w 291). The facsimile is preceded by an introduction dealing with (I) the oldest MSS. Italian tables of interest, (2) old books on commercial arith- metics in Italy and France, (3) the Arithmitique of JEAN TRENCHANT, Lyon i5 6I, often reprinted (Isis, 2I, 207-09), (4) history of interest computation in the Netherlands, (5) STEVIN'S tables; chapters 6 to 8 discuss Dutch interest tables posterior to STEVIN'S, to wit, the tables of (6) MARTINUS WENTSEL, Amsterdam 1594, (7) LUDOLF VAN COELEN, Delft 1596, (S) ABRAHAM VERKAMMEN, Rotterdam I62o, and EZECH- IEL DE DECKER, Gouda I626. I owe communication of this work to the kindness of Professor R. C. ARCHIBALD of Providence. G. S.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Beer, E. S. de. FRANgOIS SCHorr'S Itinerario d'Italia. The Library, 23, 57-83, 1942.

"Among the guide-books for all Italy that of FRAN- Sois SCHOrr is remarkable both as being the first guide- book to the country as a whole and for its longevity: it was first published in x6oo, and the latest edition appeared in 1761."



i86 XVIth (2) to XVIIth (I)

Kerr, Willis Holmes. The treatment of D1RAKE'S circumnavigation in HAKLUYT'S "VOY- ages," 1589. Papers of the Bibliographical So- ciety of Imerica, 34, 28I-302, 1940.

Quinn, David Beers. The voyages and colonis- ing enterprises of Sir HUMPHREY GILBERT. With an introduction and notes. Vol. I, XXX+ 238 p., 3 ills. Vol. 2, xv+p. 239-534, 5 ills. London, Hakluyt Society, 2nd Series, nos. 83 and 84, I 940.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Clowes, William, the elder (c. I540-i604). Profitable and necessarie booke of observations. With introductions, general and medical, by DE Wirr T. STARNEs and CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE. xxviii+iv+232 p. New York, Schol- ars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1945.

"The present reprint entitled A Profitable and Neces- sarie Booke of Observations together with the treatise on Lues Venerea is based in part upon two earlier works of WILLIAM CLOWES: A Short and Profitable Treatise Touching the Cure of the Morbus Gallicus by Unctions (I579) and A Prooved Practice for All Young Chirur- gions (I588). These books, carefully revised and much augmented, were published together in one volume in 1596 under the title of the work before us. The Obser- vations includes sixteen new case histories not found in the A Prooved Practice of 1588. Thus The Observa- tions of I596, the last edition published in the author's lifetime, reflects the matured and enriched experience of the author in treating surgical cases and syphilis. For this reason, the editors have chosen to reproduce The Observations of 1596 rather than the A Prooved Prac- tice of i588."

Friedenwald, Harry. Apologetic works of Jew- ish physicians. Jewish Quarterly Review, 32, 227-55, 407-26, 1942.

E. ALIA

[Bodin, Jean (I 5 30-96) ]. Method for the easy comprehension of history, by JOHN BODIN. Translated by BEATRICE REYNOLDS. xxix+ 402 p. (Records of Civilization, no. XXXVII). New York, Columbia University Press, I945.

Says the translator in her Introduction: "It is only in the light of increasingly alarming political conditions, from i565 to 1576, that one can explain the change that took place in his political philosophy between the writing of the Methodus and of the Republic. Too much stress has been placed upon BODIN as the author of the Republic; too little notice has been paid to his earlier and more liberal work, which was issued in thirteen Latin editions between 1566 and i65o." . . . "His expressed aim in writing the Methodus was the study of universal law, for in the narrative of human affairs, he said, the best part of universal law lay

hidden. Furthermore, he had not been able to discover any historian who explained the art and the method of his subject, or anyone who derived a lesson therefrom. The book is of value in that it gives us the intellectual content of a mind of the transitional period between the medieval and the modern age."

Draper, John W. The humors & Shakespeare's characters. vii+ I26 p. Durham, North Caro- lina, Duke University Press, I945. $2.00.

After an introduction explaining the theory of humors in SHAKESPEARE'S interpretation, the following chapters are devoted each to a special type (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic, mercurial). Two final chapters deal with counterfeit humors and changing humors. All the relevant SHAKESPEAREAN texts are quoted. The work is completed with a "select list of Elizabethan treatises and handbooks on the humors" and is duly indexed. G. S.

Guido, Angelina. The humor of Juliet's nurse. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 297- 303, I945.

Johnson, Francis R. MARLOWE'S "imperiall heaven." ELH, X Journal of English Literary Historyl, I2, 35-44, I illus., I945.

The "imperiall heaven" is the coelum empyreum or primum mobile, the uppermost sphere of heaven. The term occurs in MARLOWE'S Faustus. G. S.

Lastres, Juan B. GARCILASO y la medicina. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, 4, 23-39, I945 (to be cont'd).

Siegel, Paul Noah. Studies in Elizabethan mel- ancholy. Harvard University, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D. I94I, 34I-44, Cambridge, Mass., 1945.

XVIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)

A. MATHEMATICS

Boyer, Carl B. PASCAL'S formula for the sums of powers of the integers. Scripta Mathematica, 9, 237-44, I943.

[Descartes]. Trois lettres inedites de DESCARTES. La Revue scientifique, 80, 3-5, 1942.

5 avril I632, 3 mai I632, IO mai 1632.

Georges-Berthier, A. DESCARTEs et les Rose- Croix. Revue de synthese, I 8, 9-30, 1939.

Humbert, Pierre. PASCAL et l'astronomie. Ciel et Terre, 6o, I22-25, 1944.

B. PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Armellini, Giuseppe. GALILEO GALILEI, pre- cursore della scienza moderna. Scienza e Tec- nica, 5, 861-70, 1941.



XVIIth (l) I87

Burke-Gaffney, M. W. (S.J.). KEPLER and the Jesuits. 138 p., pls. Milwaukee, Bruce, 1944. $2.00.

The scope of this book is wider than its title suggests, for it is not by any means restricted to KEPLER'S relations with Jesuits. It is a general study on KEPLER'S life and activities. No one can write on KEPLER without devoting considerable attention to his Jesuit rivals and correspondents. The Jesuit schools were then the best mathematical nurseries and hence the interest of Jesuits in mathematical and astronomical questions was natural enough. The book is well documented but perhaps a little too condensed. The average reader would probably require more abundant explanations of the historical facts as well as of the scientific ones. Father BURKE-GAFFNEY deserves special praise for his impar- tial treatment of controversial questions. He has given us an excellent introduction to KEPLER and the astronomy of KEPLER'S time. G. S.

[GALILEO]. Le opere dei discepoli di GALILEO GALILEI. Edizione Nazionale. Volume I: L'Ac- cademia del Cimento. Parte prima. xv+500 p., ill., pl. Firenze, Barbera, i942.

Reviewed by J. PELSENEER, Ciel et Terre, 6o, octobre 1944.

Humbert, Pierre. GALILE'E et NEWTON. I642- 1942. Ciel et Terre, 58, 95-97, 2 ports., 1942.

Humbert, Pierre. La parallaxe solaire au debut du XVIIe siecle. Ciel et Terre, 58, 177-80, 2 figs., 1942.

Millington, E. C. Theories of cohesion in the seventeenth century. Annals of Science, 5, 253- 69, 1945.

Tannery, Marie Paul. Sur le tome III de la correspondance de MERSENNE. La Revue scientifique, 8o, 87-88, 1942.

Warrain, Francis. Essai sur l'Harmonices Mundi ou musique du monde de JOHANN KEP- LER. Tome I: Fondements mathematiques de 1'harmonie. 141 P. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, 912). Paris, Hermann, 1942.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Mercier, Andre. Les plantes dans la medecine populaire au I 7e siecle. L'ethnographie, 3I, 8I- 103, 1935.

Middleton, Sir Henry [d. 1613]. The voyage of Sir HENRY MIDDLETON to the Moluccas, I604-I 606. A new and enlarged edition with an introduction and notes edited by Sir WILLIAM FOSTER. 209 P., 3 maps, I ill. (Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, 2nd series, no. 88). Lon- don, 1943.

Reviewed by R. 0. WINSrEDT, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 202-03, 1944.

Norwood, Richard [1559o-675]. The journal of RICHARD NORWOOD, surveyor of Bermuda. With introductions by WESLEY FRANK CRAVEN and WALTER B. HAYWARD. xcii+ I63 p., pls. Published for the Bermuda Historical Monu- ments Trust by Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, New York, 1945.

NORWOOD'S journal here printed from the MS (owned by descendants of his in New York City) was written in I639-40. The editors have added to it a reprint of NORWOOD's Description of the Sommer Islands, once called the Bermudas (London I631). G. S.

Rosenhane, Schering [ I 609-63]. Oeconomia. Pa uppdrag av Liirdomshistoriska Samfundet utgiven av TORSTEN LAGERSTEDT. xv+i85 P., frontispiece. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksells, I944.

Edition of the Oeconomia written by SCHERING ROSENHANE THE ELDER. It is divided as follows: I. Persons who constitute the household. x. master of the house, 2. mistress, 3. bailiff, 4. milkmaid, 5. gar- dener. II. Nature of the estate and its management. III. Agriculture and horticulture. There is a German table of contents, yet the contents of the book are not available to non-Swedish readers, who would like to know who ROSENHANE was and what he accomplished. The editor did not even bother to compile a Latin index of plant names. G. S.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Evans, Bergen; Mohr, George J. The psychiatry of ROBERT BURTON. ix+ I29 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1944.

Reviewed by 0. TEMKIN, Bdletin of the History of Medicine, Ii6, SI 8-19, I1944.

Urdang, George. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of I 6 I 8. Reproduced in facsimile. With a historical introduction. Vii+ 299 p. (Hollister Pharmaceutical Library, 2). Madison, State His- torical Society of Wisconsin, 1944. $12.00.

This is the second facsimile edition made possible by the Hollister Pharmaceutical Fund of the Wisconsin Historical Society, the first being that of Pharmacopeia A,ugustana of 1564, edited by the late EDWARD KREM- ERS (1927; Isis, 0o 69). The present one reproduces the exceedingly rare first issue of the first edition of the London Pharmacopoeia of May 7, I6I8; the second issue "diligenter revisa, denuo recusa, emendatior, auc- tior," appeared on Dec. 7 of the same year. The significance of that text is discussed in the elaborate introduction (gi p.) by Dr. KREMERS' successor, GEORGE URDANG. The introduction is excellent and the book beautiful; the price may seem high, but this was probably unavoidable, considering the smallness of the edition. The review copy was received from Schuman's, 20 E. 7oth St., New York. G. S.



i88 XVIIth (*) to XV IIth(2) Weil, E. WILLIAM FrrZER, the publisher of

HARVEY'S De motu cordis, 1628. The Library, 24, 142-64, 1944.

Weir, Charles Ignatius, Jr. FRANCIS MER- CURY VAN HELMONT: his life and his position in the intellectual history of the seventeenth century. Harvard University, Summanres of Theses for Ph.D., I194I, 353-54, Cambridge, Mass., '945.

E. ALIA

Bunge, Mario. JEAN BAPTISTE VAN HELMONT (1577-I644), predecesor de la Monadalogia de LEIBNIZ. Minerva, 2, 76, 1944.

Janssen, Jozef. ATHANASE KIRCHER "Egyp- tologue." Chronique d'Egypte, I8, 240-47,

1943. Lebegue, Raymond. Les correspondants de

PEIRESC dans les anciens Pays-Bas. 8 I p. (Col- lection Nationale, 3e sere, n? 35). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, I943.

Mueller, Gustav E. PASCAL'S dialectical philosophy and his discovery of liberalism. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 67-80, 1945.

Osgood, Charles G. Areopagitica - I644. Pro- ceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 89, 495-98, 1945-

Thoma, Henry Francis. The Hermetic strain in seventeenth-century English mysticism. Har- vard University, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D., 1941, 344-47, Cambridge, Mass., 1945.

XVIITH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

Abbot, C. G. Sir IsAAc NEWTON and the sensitive radiometer. Science, 101, 244-45, I945.

Dale, H. H. A hitherto unpublished letter of IsAAc NEWTroN. Nature, I5 6, I93-94, ill., 1945.

"It was written in 1677 from Cambridge to the Hon. and Rev. Dr. JOHN NORTH, then living in London, but later Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. The present owner of the letter, Mr. ROGER NORTH, of Roug- ham, King's Lynn, Norfolk, who has placed it in the custody of the Royal Society, makes the very probable suggestion that the 'new Treatise of Musick,' with which the letter deals, was 'A Philosophical Essay on Music,' by FRANCIS NORTH, Lord GulILFORD, to whose brother the letter is addressed."

Hutton, J. H. NEWrON and his portraits. Nature, I55, II6., 1945-

"I write with reference to the note in Nature of Jan- uary 13, on portraits of NEWTON. We have in this Col- lege a portrait of NEWTON painted by HENRY COOKE in 1669, the year in which he became Lucasian professor. NEWTON was a benefactor of St. Catharine's College, lending money to erect the new buildings at that period, a loan which he later made a gift. We have no record of the circumstances in which the portrait was painted, but it shows him as a young man in a red gown with the open neck typical of his later portrait by KNELLER." St. Catharine's College, Cambridge.

[NEWTON, IsAAC]. IsAAc NEWTON. I643-1727. The third centenary of his birthday. Symposium edited by S. I. WAWILOW. 43 7 P. MOSCOW, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., I943.

Reviewed by S. I. ToMKEIEFF, Nature, I55, 6I8-I9,

1945.


Archibald, Raymond C. First published mor- tality table. Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation, I, no. IO, 402-03, 1I945.

Apropos of EDMOND HALLEY'S table of I693 (see Isis, 23, i6, 1935).

[Boyle, Robert]. Experiments and notes about the mechanical origin or production of electricity. By the Honourable ROBERT BOYLE Esq.; Fellow of the R. Society. London, I675. Fac- simile edition, New York, Burndy Library, 1945.

The same text was reprinted in the Ashmolean Re- prints VII, Oxford 1927 with a brief preface by R. T. GuNTHER, but thanks to Lt. Col. BERN DIBNER'S munificence we are now given a complete facsimile of it, in a wrapper bearing BOYLE'S portrait. G. S.

Cohen, I. Bernard. ROEMER and the first de- termination of the velocity of light. 63 pp., portr., 3 figs., 3 facs. New York, The Burndy Library Inc., i94.4 $1.00.

This is a new edition of a study containing a history of early speculation concerning the velocity of light, a biographical account of OLE ROEMER, the analysis of his work in physics and astronomy, and a bibliography concerning ROEMER. Amongst the addenda et corrigenda, we may note that to ?26: HALLEY did not pro- pose a time of 8y2 minutes, a misinterpretation of a calculation by HALLEY "in which an observed inequal- ity of x8 2 minutes is stated as corresponding to 13 minutes as calculated from ROEMER'S estimate and to 8y2 minutes according to CASSINI'S tables." The new edition, appearing on the 3ooth anniversary of OLE ROEMER (b. September 25, I644) is dedicated to "a free Denmark in a free world." This work was first published in Isis, 31, 327-379, 1940.

De Vleeschauwer, H. J. De briefwisseling van EHRENFRIED WALTHER VON TSCHIRNHAUS met CHRISTIAAN HUYGHENs. 69 p. (Mede- deelingen van de Kon. Vlaamsche Acad. voor



XVIIth (2) to XVIIIth (I) I89

Wetensch., Letteren en schoone Kunsten van Belgie, Klasse der Letteren, III). Brussel, I941.

More, Louis Trenchard. The life and works of the Honourable ROBERT BOYLE. xii+313 p., frontis., port. New York, Oxford University Press, 1944.

Reviewed by JOHN F. FULTON, Isis, 35, 34I-42Z I 944.

Read, John. TENIER'S alchemists. Endeavour, 4, 94-99, illus., I945.

Rossier, Paul. A propos de l'histoire de la decouverte de l'anneau de Saturne. Archives des sci. phys. et nat., 23, 230-32, I fig., I94I.

Stromgren, Elis. OLE R0MER som astronom, med saerligt henblik paa hans betydning for de astronomiske instrumenters og den astronomiske observationskunsts historie, udgivet i an- ledning af 300-aarsdagen for OLE R0MERS

fodsel den 25. Sept. I644. I37 pp. port., 29 figs. K0benhavn, I Kommission Hos Ejnar Munksgaard, 1944.

An elaborate analysis of ROEMER'S astronomical work, largely confined to the new instruments which he contrived or invented, including many of the chief types of telescope mountings in common use today; based chiefly on P. HORREBOW, Basis astronomiae (Copen- hagen, 1735). 1. B. C.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Lemonnier, Lon. CAVELIER DE LA SALLE et l'exploration du Mississippi. I vol., 8 pls., I map. (Collection La Decouverte du monde, I 0). Paris, N. R. F., 1942.

McCoy, James C. Jesuit relations of Canada, I632-I673: A bibliography. Introduction by LAWRENCE C. WROTH. XV+310+36 p., frontispiece, 65 facs. Paris, Rau, 1937.

Reviewed by R. W. G. VAIL, Papers of the Biblio- graphical Society of America, 31, 187-89, 1937.

Pounds, N. J. G. Lanhydrock Atlas. Antiquity, 19, 20-26, 5 figs., 1945.

"The Lanhydrock Atlas was compiled in I696, about the time that CELIA FIENNES made her memorable tour to Cornwall, and provides a body of material comple- mentary to the topographical descriptions in her itin- erary. Local maps dating from before 1700 are comparatively rare, and this collection of over 250 iS of quite exceptional economic and topographic interest. The maps are bound in leather into four volumes, each measuring i6 inches by 20, which are normally kept in the library of Viscount CLIFDEN, at Lanhydrock House. All are on parchment, and each sheet has a narrow, ornamental border, a decorative panel containing the name of the manor or farmstead surveyed, and a com- pass rose more or less elaborate. The scale is not uni-

form throughout the Atlas, but most manors are surveyed on a scale of about 1 :40oo. All the maps are anonymous, but it has been suggested that they are the work of GEORGE WITHIEL of Penryn, who was the only Cornish map-maker of any ability before the time of MARTIN, who made the first reliable map of the county. The area surveyed is about 40,000 acres, or 62 square miles."

Wroth, Lawrence C. The Jesuit relations from New France. Papers of the Bibliographical So- ciety of America, 30, I0-49, 1936.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Djurberg, Vilhelm. Liikaren Johan von Hoorn. F6rlossningskonstens grundliiggare i Sverige. Efterliimnat manuskript utgivet genom L'ar- domshistoriska Samfundet. Med ett forord av 0. T. HULT. 3I9 p., frontispiece. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksells, I942.

Biography of JOHAN VON HOORN (1662-1724), founder of Swedish obstetrics. It is deplorable that this richly documented book is not made available to the international public which might be interested in it. The lack of a summary in an international language is unfortunate. G. S.

Franklin, K. J. JEAN MERY (I645-I722) and his ideas on the foetal blood flow. Annals of Sci- ence, 5, 203-28, 8 figs., I945.

Hanford, James H. Dr. PAGET'S library. Bul- letin of the Medical Library Association, 33, 9'- 99, 2 figs., 1945.

Loomis, C. Grant. ERASMUS FRANCISCI, a seventeenth century contributor to the history of medicine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 514-20, 1945.

E. ALIA

Hibbert, Eloise Talcott. Jesuit adventure in China during the reign of K'ANG HsI. xii+298 p., 6 pl. New York, Dutton, 1941.

Lach, Donald F. LEIBNIz and China. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 436-55, 1945.

Raven, Charles E. Synthetic philosophy in the seventeenth century. A study of early science. (Being the Herbert Spencer Lecture for 1945, delivered on May 22). Oxford, Blackwell, 1945.

XVIIITH CENTURY (whole and first half)


Archibald, R. C. THOMAS GRAY (17I6-71), prophet of aviation. Isis, 35, 334, 1944.



I90 XVIIIth (i)

Clow, Archibald. Chemistry at the older uni- versities of Britain during the eighteenth century. Nature, I55, 158-62, 1945.

Dugas, Rene. Le principe de la moindre action dans l'oeuvre de MAUPERTUIS. La Revue scientifique, 80, 5 1-59, I942.

Gould, S. H. Gulliver and the moons of Mars. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 91-101, 1945.

Lur-Saluces, Marquis de. LoMONOSOFF, le prodigieux moujik. 332 p., ill. Paris, Emile- Paul, 1933.

McKie, D. JOHN HARRIS and his Lexicon Tech- nicum (1704). Endeavour, 4, 53-57, 6 figs., 1945.

Nordenmark, N. V. E. MARTEN STROMER. 9I p., illus. (K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Arsbok f6r ar 1944, Bilaga). Stockholm, Alm- qvist & Wiksells, 1944.

Elaborate and well illustrated bibliography of the Swedish astronomer and physicist, M. STROMER (I707- 70), who was professor in Upsala (1745-56) and a member of the Swedish academy. G. S.

Nordenmark, N. V. E. OLOF HIORTER, ob- servator regius, I696-1750. 103 P. (K. Sven- ska Vetenskapsakademiens Arsbok for 'ar 1942, Bilaga). Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksells, 1942.

Elaborate study, fully documented and well indexed, but unfortunately without summary in an international language. G. S.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Butler, June Rainsford. America - a hunting ground for eighteenth-century naturalists with special reference to their publications about trees. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 32, i-i6, 1938.

Debien, G. Land clearing and artificial meadows in eighteenth-century Poitou. Agricultural His- tory, 19, 133-36, 1945.

Grape, Anders. A recently discovered manuscript by LINNAEUS. Nature, 156, 351-52, 1945-

Lewis, Frederic T. The passenger pigeon as observed by the Rev. COrrON MATHER. The Auk, 6i, 587-92, 1944; 62, 306, 1945.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Neuburger, Max. Some relations between Brit- ish and German medicine in the first half of the

eighteenth century. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1 7, 217-28, 1945.

Rosen, George. An eighteenth century plan for a national health service. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i6, 429-36, 1944.

Vanhamme, Marcel. Documents concernant l'enseignement de l'obstetrique et le probleme de la maternite aux Pays-Bas autrichiens. Acad6- mie royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Commis- sion royale d'histoire, io8, 4I-59, I943.

E. ALIA

Bryson, Gladys. Man and society. The Scot- tish inquiry of the eighteenth century. x+287 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1945. $3-50.

The heroes of the seventeenth century thought, the new philosophers, called everything in doubt. Their interest was for the most part focussed upon knowledge for use, hence their preoccupation with problems of mining, physiology, medicine, chemistry, physics, and natural history. The study of society and of man as a member of society was a passion pre-eminently of the eighteenth century. Interestingly enough, among Eng- lish speaking philosophers the eighteenth century Scots had almost a monopoly in that field. FERGUSON, REID, HUME, KAMES, MONBODDO, DUGALD STEWART, and ADAM SMITH, these are names to conjure with, and all were Scots living and working in Scotland. Their theories of society have played a seminal role in the history of Western culture, and Miss BRYSON, in the present volume, has provided a survey of their ideas. The student wishing to familiarize himself with an important period in the history of the development of the social sciences will find the volume rewarding. The carping critic already familiar with the period and the persons dealt with by Miss BRYSON, will doubtless miss a certain "Stimmung" which an extended immersion in the world of the eighteenth century usually produces in such works. Miss BRYSON sometimes writes a little off the surface of her period, and her knowledge of relevant going-on in the seventeenth century is not as deep as it might be. However, thus speaketh the carping critic. If his particular pet, MONBODDO, is not given as full treatment as he deserves, bono animi sis, there are those who at this moment are preparing fuller studies of him. Doubtless, Miss BRYSON'S awareness of this fact is in part respon- sible for her reticence. Miss BRYSON re-emphasizes the connection, which is too often overlooked, between the ideas of these eighteenth century thinkers, and the ideas of pre-Darwinian anthropologists concerning social evolution, and she well brings out the fact that some of the fundamental concepts of modern social science were already stated by our Scottish philosophers. In short, on its level Miss BRYSON'S book presents a very welcome account of an extremely interesting group of men whose ideas contributed very substantially to the enlightenment of man, and to whom students of society today stand in the direct line of succession.

The iniquitous practice of relegating valuable in-



XVIIIth (r) to XVIIIth (2) I9I

formation and enlarging comments which properly belong at the foot of the page to the posterior of the book is followed in this volume. In some books it is just as well. Miss BRYSON'S notes deserved a worthier place.

M. F. A. M. [Vico, Giambattista]. The autobiography of

GIAMBATTISTA Vico. Translated from the Italian by MAX HAROLD FIscH and THOMAS GODDARD BERGIN. Vii+ 240 P. Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell University Press, I944.

Reviewed by L. E. DRABKIN, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 215, 1945; and by LAWRENCE STAM- PLETON, American Historical Review, 5o, 526-27, I1945.

Winter, H. J. J. Scientific notes from the early minutes of the Peterborough Society I730-I745. Isis, 31, 51460, 193-9.

Addendum. The original minutes used by the author are in the Peterborough Public Library, Northampton- shire, England. G. S.

XVIIITH CENTURY (second half)

B. PHYSICAL SCrENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Daumas, Maurice. LAVOISIER. 26I p. Paris, Gallimard (n.r.f.), 1941.

Gerhard, Elmer Schultz (and others). Schwenckfelder craftsmen, inventors, and sur- veyors. Schwenckfeldiana, I, no. 5, 3-70, illus., Norristown, Penna., 1945.

Important contribution to the study of arts and crafts among the German refugees who established themselves in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century. Notable among them was ANNA KRAuss, who arrived with her children in 1733. The present booklet is devoted primarily to two brothers of that family, JOHN KRAuss (1770oI8I9) and ANDREW KRAuss, both gifted mechanics, organ builders. Four studies deal with the KRAuss brothers, other with DAVID SCHULTZ, surveyor (1717-97)X GEORGE HOBNER, potter (1757-1828), Heebner and sons, and Schwenckfelder craftsmen of later generations. G. S.

[LAVOISMIR]. Universite de Paris. Le Palais de la Decouverte presente une Exposition a l'occasion du Deuxieme Centenaire de LAVOISIER. Paris, Novembre 1943 a Janvier I944. 56 p., pls.

Catalogue de l'exposition. Textes par GABRIEL BERTRAND, PASTEUR, CH. MAURAIN, etc....

Ludemann, Karl. Die Kurfiirstlich und Konig- lich Sachsischen Bergmechanici in Freiberg. I. GorTLoB FRIEDRICH SCHUBERT (I743- I809). Beitrige zur Geschichte des geodiiti- schen und markscheiderischen Messungswesens und der vermessungstechnischen Instrumenten- kunde, Nr. 23. Zeitschrift fur Instrumenten- hunde, 22, 20-33, II figs., 1942.

Scheele, Carl Wilhelm. Manuscript 1756-77. 2 vols., edited by C. W. OSEEN. Stockholm, Academy of Sciences, I942.

Addition to the note in Isis, 34, 432. This edition was not done with sufficient care and a MS volume was entirely overlooked. See Lychnos (1942, 254-77).

G. S.

Smith, Edgar C. ALESSANDRO VOLTA, 1745- I827. Nature, 155, 473-74, I945.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Andreyev, A. I. (editor). Russian discoveries in the Pacific and North America in the i8th and I 9th centuries: a collection of materials. (In Russian). 224 p. Moscow, 1944.

Reviewed in American Historical Review, So, 843, I1945.

Arber, Agnes. Sir JOSEPH BANKS and botany. Chronica Botanica, 9, 94-1o6, 1945.

[Banks, Sir Joseph]. Sir JOSEPH BANKS' letters. Science and Culture, I I, 133, 1945.

Apropos of a collection of i6o letters by Sir JOSEPH BANKS recently presented to the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal. G. S.

Bay, J. Christian. JEAN SENEBIER, 1742- I 8o8. Plant Physiology, 6, I89-93, portr., 1931I

Bell, Whitfield J., Jr. THOMAS ANBUREY'S "Travels through America": a note on eighteenth-century plagiarism. Papers of the Biblio- graphical Society of lme?sca, 37, 23-36, 1943.

[BUFFON]. PICASSO. Eaux-fortes originales pour des textes de BUFFON. Paris, Fabiani, I942.

Larsen, Esther Louise. PEHR KALM'S Report on the characteristics and uses of the American walnut tree which is called hickory. Agricultural History, 19, 58-64, I945.

A translation of an article that was first published in Kongi. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 39, 262-283, (1778).

Revello, Jose Torre. Los artistas pintores de la expedicion Malaspina. X+ 102 P., 45 pls. (Uni- versidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investi- gaciones Historicas, Estudios y Documentos para la Historia del Arte Colonial, 2). Buenos Aires, 1944-

Reviewed by CHARLES UPSON CLARK, Amerian Historical Review, 50, 417, 1945.

Schubert, Bernice G. The publication of JACQUIN'S Icones plantarum rariorum. Contri-



I92 XVIIIth (2)

butions from the Gray Herbarium, Harvard Uni- versity, no. I54, 3-22, I945.

The plates of the three volumes of the Icones were issued in fascicules. The dates on the title-page of volume I are 1781-1786, of volumes II and III are 1786- 1793. The author obtains the probable dates of publication of the separate fascicles by consulting the dates on which they were reviewed. C. Z.

Snyder, Emily Eveleth. It might have been Banksia. Scientific Monthly, 60, 464-66, I945.

A short biography of the great botanist, Sir JOSEPH BANKS (1743-I820), for whom LINNAEUS sought to name the continent now called Australia. C. Z.

Speck, Frank G.; Dodge, Ernest S. On the fable of JOE PYE, Indian herbalist, and Joe Pye Weed. Scientific Monthly, 6i, 63-66, I945.

Eupatorium purpureum is commonly called Joe Pye Weed in New England. It was supposedly named for an Indian who used it to cure the whites of some fever. The name, in published accounts, dates from the early nineteenth century. An Indian named JOSEPH PYE is recorded in 1787 in Connecticut. PYE was a family name in the Massachusetts Indians and in Essex County the Indians have a tradition of a JOSEPH PYE who was an herbalist in Colonial times. C. Z.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Bayon, H. P. JOHN ZEPHANIAH HOLWELL (I7II-I798) and the Bl3ack Hole of Calcutta. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 38, I5-I8 (Section of the History of Medicine, 9- I2), portr., I944.

Gibson, James F. JOHN BULLUS -Reading

physician and naval surgeon. Transactions & Studies of the CoUlege of Physicians of Philadel- phia, I2, Io8-I4, 2 figS., I944.

Gittinger, Georgianna Simmons. MIGUEL TAFUR -protomedico. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 3I5-I9, I945.

LeFanu, William Richard. JOHN HUNTER'S

letters. Bulletin of the Medical Library Ifssocia- tion, 33, 449-54, I945.

Nadeau, Gabriel. A German military surgeon in Rutland, Massachusetts, during the Revolu- tion, JULIUS FRIEDRICH WASMUS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I8, 243-300, 9 figs.,

1945-

Naylor, Mildred V. A New Jersey petition. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 93-IO0, 2 facs., I945.

Neuburger, Max. British and German psychiatry in the second half of the eighteenth and the

early nineteenth century. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, 12 I-45, 2 portr., I945.

Segall, Harold N. The first clinico-pathological case history of angina pectoris: self-diagnosis by an anonymous physician: autopsy by JOHN

HUNTER: Reported by WILLIAM HEBERDEN in I772. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, I02-08, I945.

E. ALIA

Baldensperger, Fernand. I793-I794: cli- macteric times for "romantic" tendencies in Eng- lish ideology. Journal of the History of Ideas, 5, 3-20, I944.

Caillet, Emile. La tradition litteraire des ideolo- gues. xix+322 p. With a preface by G. CHI- NARD. Philadelphia, American Philosophical So- ciety, I943. (In French.)

Reviewed by P. LE CORBEILLER, Isis, 35, 342-43, '944.

Clark, Harry Hayden. The influence of science on American ideas, from I775 to I809. Trans- actions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 35, 305-49, I944-

Fulton, John F.; Peters, Charlotte H. An introduction to a bibliography of the educational and scientific works of JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.

Papers of the Bibliographical Society of lmerica, 30, I50-67, I936.

Funck-Brentano. MARAT ou le mensonge des mots. 284 P. Paris, Grasset, I94I.

Holmberg, Arne. Om Bergianska biblioteket och dess uppkomst. 47 p. Nordisk tidskrift for bok- och biblioteksvdasen, 32, I945.

History and description of the library of the brothers BERCIUS, now a part of the library of the Swedish Acad- emy of Sciences. It was constituted by BENGT BERGIUS (1723-84), archivist and bank inspector, and PETER JONAS BERGIUS (1730-90), a distinguished physician, scientist, botanist. G. S.

Holmberg, Arne. I Bergianska biblioteket rep- resenterade svenska bokigare. Alfabetisk for- teckning jamte inledning. xviii+46 p. (K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Arsbok for ar I945). Stockholm, I945.

Brief catalogue of the library collected by the Swedish historian and antiquary BENGT BERGIUS (1 723-84).

McNeil, Gordon H. The cult of ROUSSEAU and the French Revolution. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, I97-2 I2, 1945.



XVIII (2) to XlXth (I) I93

Meyer, Adolph. VOLTAIRE: man of justice. 395 p. New York, Howell, Soskin, 1945.

Reviewed by LEO GERSHOY, American Historical Re- view, 5 I,I II-I2 1945.

Woodward, W. E. TOM PAINE: America's god- father, 1737-I809. New York, Dutton, I945.

XIXTH CENTURY (whole and first half) A. MATHEMATICS

Archibald, Raymond C. FRANCIS WILLIAM NEWMAN (I 8o5-i 897). Mathematical Tables and other lids to Computation, vol. I, no. 12,

454-59, I945. Biographical notes concerning the mathematician and

Arabist NEWMAN, a younger brother of the English cardinal. G. S.

Bateman, H. HAMILTON'S work in dynamics and its influence on modern thought. Scripta Mathe- matica, I0, 51-63, 1944.

Coolidge, Theresa. An American merchantman at Manila in 1796. The Journal of NATHANIEL BOWDITCH now first published. More Books, 20, I95-20, Boston, I945.

[COURNOT, AUGUSTIN (I80o-77)]. COURNOT, nella economia e nella filosofia. 245 p. (Col- lana ca' Foscari, Facolta di Economia e Com- mercio; Venezia). Padova, La Garangola, 1939.

Collection of eight essays on COURNOT'S philosophy, mathematical rationalism, mathematical theory of wealth, etc., plus a short biography and bibliography by T. GIACALONE-MONACO. G. S.

Dugas, Rene. Sur l'origine du theoreme de CORI- OLIS. Revue scientifique, 79, 267-70, 1941.

Dugas, Rene. Sur la pensee dynamique D'HAM- ILTON: origines optiques et prolongements modernes. Revue scientifique, 79, I5-23, 194I.

Floss, S. W. An outline of the phflosophy of AN- TOINE-AUGUSTIN COURNOT. i68 p. Philadel- phia, University of Pennsylvania, 1941.

[HAMILTON, Sir WILLIAM ROWAN (i 805-65)]. The Hamilton postage stamp. An announce- ment by the Irish Minister of Posts and Tele- graphs. Scripta Mathematica, 10, 2 I 3-15, 1944.

[HAMILTON, Sir WILLIAM ROWAN]. Proceed- ings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume L, section A, no. 6. Quaternion centenary celebration: R. I. BEST, J. L. SYNGE, G. D. BIRKHOFF, A. J. MCCONNELL, E. T. WHITTAKER, A. W. CONWAY, F. D. MURNAGHAN, J. R. COLT- HURST. p. 69-I2I, 2 pls. Dublin, I945. 3 shill- ings.

Proceedings of the meeting held in Dublin on Nov. 8, 1943, to celebrate the centenary of HAMILTON'S first communication on quaternions made to the same Acad- emy on Nov. 13, I843. The authors of the many papers are included in the title. The Academy has already published two vols. of HAMILTON: collected memoirs dealing respectively with optics and dynamics (this is a correction to Isis, 35, 330). The Taoiseach, Mr. DE VALERA, has founded a School of Theoretical Physics in the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, dedicated to HAMILTON'S memory. G. S.

L6veque, Raphael. L' "Element historique" dans la connaissance humaine d'apres COURNOT. 297 p. Strasbourgh, Universite de Strasbourg, Faculte des Lettres, 1938.

MacDuffee, C. C. Algebra's debt to HAMILTON. Scripta Mathematica, IO, 25-36, 1944.

Murnaghan, F. D. An elementary presentation of the theory of quaternions. Scripta Mathe- matica, 10, 37-49, 1944.

Pettengill, George E. ROBERT ADRAIN-

Reading Mathematician. Historical Review of Berks County, Reading, Pa., 8, I I 1-I4, ills., 1943.

Sarton, George. GRASSMANN - I844. Isis, 35, 326-30, 5 figs., I944.

GRASSMANN'S biography to commemorate the centenary of his Ausdehnungslehre, 1944. G. S.

Smith, David Eugene. Sir WILLIAM ROWAN HAMILTON. Scripta Mathematica, 10, 9-II, I pl., 1944.

Synge, J. L. The life and early work of Sir WIL- LIAM ROWAN HAMILTON. Scripta Mathematica, IO, I3-24, I944.

Warrain, Fr. L'oeuvre philosophique de HOENE WRONSKI. T. III, Encyclopedie developpee d'apres la loi de creation. 503 P. Paris, ega, 1938.

Reviewed by A. A., Rewue genirale des sciences, I) 226, 194041.

Whitmore, Charles E. MILL and mathematics: an historical note. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 0og-I2, 1945.

MILL = JOHN STUART MILL.


[Ampiere, Andre]. Un billet D'AMPERE a BEU- CHOT. Bull. de la Soc. des Amis d'Andr6-Marie ampe're, no 10, 300-01, I P1., I939.

Brockbank, E. M. JOHN DALTON: some unpublished letters of personal and scientific interest with additional information about his colour-



I 94 XIXth (i)

vision & atomic theories. 62 p., frontispiece, ill. (Publications of the University of Manchester, 287). Manchester University Press, I944.

Doctor BROCKBANK, the genial medical historian of Manchester, has prepared an important addition to our appreciation of JOHN DALTON (1766-I844). DALTON'S personal defect in colour vision led to his important communications on the matter which he presented to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society in I794 and I795. DALTON'S appreciation of the relative weights of atoms permitted the development of a significant theory of chemistry, since it led to his discovery that combinations among the elements take place in simple arithmetical proportion. These studies began in I804 with his investigation of the relative weights of carbon and hydrogen and were continually elaborated through the rest of his life to a symbolism for molecular structure which yielded to that proposed by BERZELIUS. Doctor BROCKBANK'S comments are chiefly confined to the records of DALTON in the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. DALTON was secretary in I8oo, vice-president in I808, and president from I8I7 to 1844. He read i i 6 papers before the Society. Many interesting notes on Dalton's character are to be found in Doctor BROCKBANK'S compilations. The little volume is well illustrated and annotated. C. D. L.

Broglie, Louis de. Un genie tourmente: ANDREB- MARIE AMPE RE. In Continu et discontinu en physique moderne. p. 24I et ss. Paris, Michel, I94I.

Conference faite en Sorbonne le i 8 septembre I940.

Cross, Roy. From a chemist's diary. iv+3 I5 p., ill. Bulletin no. 29, Kansas City Testing Labora- tory, Kansas City, Mo., I943. $3.00.

This book, which was prepared primarily for friends and clients of the author, contains, under about go different headings, extracts from a diary written during nearly 40 years' experience as a consulting industrial and research chemist. Some of the short chapters are anec- dotal, others are really short essays, not always remi- niscential, about matters chemical and otherwise, and possess the interest of showing how an alert and scientific chemist has responded to some of the economic and sociological happenings out of which contemporary history is being made. The book will be of value to future students of the habits and customs of the twentieth century.

The author's extensive experience with petroleum and its products (compare the Cross cracking process) gives validity to several of his chapters as part of the docu- mentation of the history of petroleum and petroleum technology in the United States. T. L. D.

Crowther, J. G. H. DAVY (I778-I829). Tra- duit par MARc-ANDRE BERA. (Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, n? 839). 68 p. Paris, Hermann, I 939.

Daumas, Maurice. ARAGO. 277 p. N. R. F., Gallimard, I 943.

Reviewed by JEAN PELSENEER, Ciel et Terre, 6o, 142-43, octobre 1944.

Dobbin, Leonard. The history of the discovery of phosgene. Annals of Science, 5, 270-87,

I945. Flexner, James Thomas. Steamboats come

true: American inventors in action. x+406 p. New York, Viking, 1944.

Reviewed by CARL W. MITMAN, American Historical Review, 5o, 35I, I945.

Hustin, Raymond. Les COCKERILL et la cite de l'acier. 77 p., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, 5me serie, no. 53). Bruxelles, Office de publicite, I 944.

Biography of the Lancashire COCKERILLS who were the founders of the great steel industries of Liege. WILLIAM (I759-I832) was an inventor who was em- ployed in Russia and Sweden before settling down in Verviers where he manufactured spinning and weaving machinery; his son JOHN (I790-1840) established the great foundry and machine factory at Seraing, but managed other factories in Verviers, Liege, and even in Berlin. The author suggests that the name COCKERILL is a Vervietois transformation of the English Cockrel; there are Englishmen called Cockerell but the two who initiated the metallurgic industries of the pays of Liege are named COCKERILL in DNB (vol. XI, 200). G. S.

Mieli, Aldo. JOHN DALTON (I766-I 844), fundador del atomismo moderno. Minerva, 2, 72-75, I944.

Mittasch, A. SCHOPENHAUER und die Chemie. 92 p. Heidelberg, I939.

Reviewed by E. CArrELAIN, Revue generale des sciences, 5I, 303, I940-4I.

Richeson, A. W. Notes on some physical terms in the NED.: corrigenda. Modern Language Notes, 59, 4I9-20, June I944.

Wheeler, T. S. Sir ROBERT JOHN KANE. En- deavour, 4, 9I-93, port., I945.

Winter, H. J. J. The reception of OHM'S elec- trical researches by his contemporaries. Philo- sophical Magazine, 35, 37 I-86, I 944.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

[AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES]. Audubon's Amenca. The narratives and experiences of JOHN JAMES AUDUBON. Edited by DONALD CULROSS PEAT- TIE. Illustrated with facsimiles of AUDUBON'S prints and paintings. vii+329 p., I7 illus. Bos- ton, Houghton Mifflin, I940.

Beautifully printed collection of extracts from Au- DUBON'S books and journals, admirably illustrated with facsimiles of AUDUBON'S own plates. Each series of extracts is very well introduced by a kindred spirit, D. C. PEATTIE, whose own writings on natural history have often been praised in Isis (e.g., 27, 95; 31, 252; 34,



XlXth (1) I95

2S6, 26o). The end papers contain an excellent map of AUDUBON'S life and travels. G. S.

Beltran, Enrique. LAMARCK; interprete de la naturaleza. Foreword by RAYMOND FIASSON. xv+I6I p. Mexico, D. F., Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 1945.

This book by the Permanent Secretary of the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural is in two parts and is written in celebration of the bicentennial of LAMARCK'S birth (I743). Part I consists of a short biography of LAMARCK, an evaluation of his contribution to science, an outline history of the evolutionary ideas tvhich preceded and followed him, and a discussion of the present status of the Lamarckian doctrine. Part 1I contains an epitome of LAMARCK'S major contributions and a bibliography of his writings. The whole is a valuable and conveniently organized addition to Lamarckiana.

C. Z.

Beltran, Enrique. LAMARCK y GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE; su obra y su tiempo. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 5, 155-66, 1944-

Dupre, Huntley. RAFINESQUE in Lexington, I8I9-I826. II8 p. (Kentucky Monographs, no. 2). Lexington, Ky., Bur Press, I945.

Geiser, S. W. Collectors of pleistocene verte- brates in early Texas. I. WILLIAM P. HUFF (I8iI-86). Fieki & Laboratory, 13, 53-60, portr., I945.

Hedgpeth, Joel W. A century at the seashore. Scientific Monthly, 6i, I94-98, 2 HIs., I945.

Jenkins, Anna E. SAINT-HILAIRE's records of damage from wheat rust in Brazil. Chronica Botanica, 9, I47-50, I945.

Kellogg, Elizabeth R. JOSEPH DORFEUILLE and the Western Museum. Journal of the Cin- cinnati Society of Natural History, 22, 29 p., 7 ills., I945.

Biography of the French naturalist, JOSEPH DOR- FEUILLE, established for some time in Cincinnati, died in Brooklyn, N. Y. on July 23, I840, in his 49th year. Various pages of his scrapbook are reproduced.

Needham, James G. How biology came to Knox College. Scientific Monthly, 60, 365-72, 1945.

Simmons, A. A caricature of the Society. Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 69, 324-32, 1944.

The earliest picture of the premises and activities of the Royal Horticultural Society is a caricature by GEORGE CRUIKSHAN K published on January 1, 82z6. The caricature is entitled "Exhibition extraordinary in the horticultural room," and depicts several prominent members of the Society. The copious labels and explanations of the artist constitute ;n amusing social document. C. Z.

Temkin, Owsei; Temkin, C. Lilian. The relationship between GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE and LAKANAL. Bulletin of the History of Medi- cine, 17, 305-I4, I pI., 1945.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Archer, W. Harry. Life and letters of HORACE WELLS, discoverer of anesthesia. Journal Ameri- can College of Dentists, I I, 8 I-2 I 1, 1944.

This is the best illustrated account of HORACE WELLS (1815-1848) yet to appear. Much of the material was personally collected by Doctor ARCHER and is preserved in the museum of the University of Pittsburgh School of Dentistry. The centennial of the first use of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic was celebrated in Hartford, Con- necticut, and other places on December x i, 944. WELLS observed in a popular demonstration of "laugh- ing gas" by GARDNER Q. COLTON, that individuals under the influence of the gas apparently suffered no pain. WELLS obtained nitrous oxide from COLTON and had it administered to himself by Doctor JOHN M. RIGGS for the removal of a tooth, on December I I, 1844. The success of the experiment stimulated WELLS to request a demonstration at the Massachusetts General Hospital before the surgeons of Boston. Unfortunately, the demonstration was not considered a success. How- ever, it stimulated WILLIAM T. G. MORTON (I8I9- i86 8), a former dental partner of WELLS, to study anesthesia. On October i6, i846, MORTON successfully demonstrated the anesthetic property of ether. Nitrous oxide anesthesia was successfully developed by COLTON some twenty years later. C. D. L.

Bauer, Donald deP. ELISHA BARTLErr, a distinguished physician with complete transposition of the viscera. Bulletin of the History of Medi- crne, 17, 85-92, I945.

Beekmuan, Fenwick. A celebrated case of cere- bral injury. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 52i-26, 1945.

Case reported by Dr. JOHN M. HARLOW of Caven- dish, Vermont, in I848.

Brodman, Estelle. An unpublished letter of DANIEL DRAKE to the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I8, 338-43, 1945.

Brown, Clarence M. AMASA SPROAT, pharmacist of early Chillicothe. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 244-5 8, ill., 1945.

Griffin, John S. A doctor comes to California. The diary of JOHN S. GRIFFIN, Assistant Sur- geon with Kearny's Dragoons, I846-i847. With an introduction and notes by GEORGE WALCOrr AMES, JR. and a Foreword by GEORGE D. LYMAN. 97 P., ill. (Special publication number i8, California Historical Society



I96 XIXth ( I)

Quarterly, 2I and 22). San Francisco, Califor- nia Historical Society, 1943.

Reviewed by GENEVIEVE MILLER Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 110-11, 1945.

Hinsdale, Guy. The American medical Argo- nauts, pupils of PIERRE CHARLES ALEXANDRE

Louis. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, I3, 37-43, 1945.

Horine, Emmet Field. DANIEL DRAKE and his contributions to education. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 34, 303-14, 1940.

Lyon, Charles J. Centennial of WooD's "Class- book of botany." Science, 101, 484-86, 1945.

Apropos of ALPHONSO WOOD.

Miller, Genevieve. Answer 2 to Query no. 107.

JACOB SALA of Somerset, I813? (Isis, 35, 177).

Isis, 35, 33', 1944.

Mondor, Henri. DUPUYTREN. I vol. Paris, Gallimard, I945.

Mullett, Charles F. Sir RICHARD CROFT and the regimen of expectant mothers. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, I95-202, I945.

From a MS (dated 1809) in the Huntington Li- brary, by Sir RICHARD CROFT (1762-1818), the leading accoucheur of his time in England.

Norwood, William Frederick. Medical education in the United States before the Civil War. xvi+487 p. Philadelphia, University of Penn- sylvania Press, I944.

Reviewed by HELEN CLAPESATTLE, American His- torical Review, 5o, 560-61, i1945.

Pagel, Walter. The speculative basis of modern pathology. JAHN, VIRCHOW and the philosophy of pathology. Bulletin of the History of Medi-

cine., i8, I-43, I945.

Pettengill, George E. Answer 3 to Query no. I07. JACOB SALA of Somerset, I8I3? (Isis, 35, 177, 33I, I944). Isis, 36, 69, I945.

Pickard, Madge E.; Buley, R. Carlyle. The Midwest pioneer. His ills, cures, and doctors. 339 p., illus. Crawfordsvlle, Indiana, Banta, 1945.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 322-23, 1945.

Postell, William Dosite. F. B. COLEMAN, a medical student of the I830's. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, I79-84, 2 figs., I945.

Waite, Prederick Clayton. The story of a country medical college: a history of the Clinical

School of Medicine and the Vermont Medical College, Woodstock, Vermont, I 827-I856. 213 p., 9 ills. Montpelier, Vermont Historical So- ciety, 1945.

Zirkle, Conway. Answer to Query no. 107. JACOB SALA of Somerset, I813? (Isis, 35, 177). Isis, 35, 331, 1944.

E. ALIA

Adams, Raymond. THOREAU'S science. Sci- entific Monthly, 60, 379-82, 1945.

Baldensperger, Fernand. La veracite de CHATEAUBRIAND: premiers doutes britanniques (I813). Modern Language Notes, 58, 535-37, 1943.

Apropos of a botanical criticism of the Genie du Christianisme published in the Gentleman's Magazine (p. iio, August i813). G. S.

Duprat, G. L. Contribution a la Journee Quete- let. Sociologie de QUETELET. Revue de l'Insti- tut de sociologie (Bruxelles), I5, 299-313, I935.

Gardner, Albert ten Eyck. Scientific sources of the full-length landscape: I 85o. Bulletin, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 4, 59-65, 2 figs., 1945.

Apropos of FREDERICK EDWIN CHURCH: The heart of the Andes (Metropolitan), inspired by HUMBOLDT.

G. S.

Nye, Russel B. GEORGE BANCROFT, Brahmin rebel. x+340+xii p. New York, Knopf, 1944.

Reviewed by ALLEN FRENCH, American Historical Review, 50o 559, 1945.

Post, Albert. Popular freethought in America, I825-I850. 258 p. New York, Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1943. $2.50.

A very able study covering the second quarter of the nineteenth century in which the emphasis is placed almost exclusively on religion. There is but a brief reference to science. M. F. A. M.

Prieto, Justo. La vida indomita de AUGUSTO COMTE, el apostol de una religion sin Dios. 4I4 p. Buenos Aires, Ayacucho, 1944.

Reviewed by M. BUNGE, Minerva, 2, 972 1944.

Quetelet, Adolphe (1796-I874). Pages choi- cies et commentees. Par E. DUPREEL. 79 P., frontispiece. (Collection nationale). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, I942.

Anthology of extracts from QUETELET'S writings, with biographical introduction and running commentary. G. S.



XIXth (I) to XIXth (2) 197

[QUETELET]. Centenaire de la "Physique sociale" D'ADOLPHE QUETELET. Revue de PInstitut de sociologie (Bruxelles), 15, 52I-97, I935.

Contributions par ERNEST MAHAIM, BOVESSE, AR- MAND JULIN, EUGENE DUPREEL, FRANK H. HANKINS, NIKO GUNZBURG.

Quynn, Dorothy Mackay. The art confisca- tions of the Napoleonic Wars. Atmerican His- torical Review, 50, 437-60, 1945.

Van de Walle, B. Lettres et papiers inedits de CHAMPOLLION LE JEUNE conserves au chateau de Mariemont. Chronique d'Egypte, I7, 199- 225, 2 facs., 1942.

Young, Marguerite. Angel in the forest: a fairy tale of two utopias. 313 p. New York, Reynal and Hitchcock, I945.

Reviewed by HARLOW LINDLEY, American Historical Review, Si, x62-63, 1945.

XIXTH CENTURY (second half)

A. MATHEMATICS

CESARO, GIUSEPPE (I849-1939). Notice par H. BUTTGENBACH. Annuaire de l'Acadetmie royale de Belgique, Io8, 1-33, portr., bibliogr., 1942.

FOLIE, FRANgOIS (I833-1905). Notice par Lu- CIEN GODEAUX. Annuaire de PAcademie royale de Belgique, IO8, I-33, portr., bibliogr., 1942.

HILBERT, DAVID (I862-1943). Obituary notice by H. WEYL, Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 547-53, 1944; by A. SOM- MERFELD and C. CARATH EODORY, Die Natur- wissenschaf ten, 31, 213-14, 1943.

Papp, Desiderio (editor). El legado de HENRI POINCARE al siglo XX. Introduccion y selecion de DESIDERIO PAPP. I87 p. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1944.

Reviewed by M. S., Minerva, 2, 93-94w 1945.

PICARD, EMILE. Notices by GEORGE BOULIGAND, -Rev. gen. des sci., 52, 1-3, 1942; and by PAUL MONTEL, Bull. des sci. math., 66, 3-17, 1942.


Baldensperger, Fernand. Une nouvelle fransaise peu connue sur le machinisme menagant. Modern Language Notes, 6o, 321-23, 1945.

Apropos of CHARLES BARBARA: Mes petites maisons (Paris i86o).

Boutaric, Augustin. Sur l'histoire de l'acide racemique et du mot racemique. Rev. scienti-

fique, 79, 384-85, 1941I

Bunge, Mario. LUDWIG BOLTZMANN (i 844- I906), defensor del materialismo. Minerva, 2, 70-72, I 944.

[CROMPTON, R. E. B.]. Colonel R. E. B. CROMP- TON. By J. H. JOHNSON and W. L. RANDELL. iv+27 p., 6 illus. (Science in Britain). London, Longmans Green, 1945.

"Colonel R. E. B. CROMPTON [I845-194o] acquired a world-wide reputation in several branches of applied science, and engineers in many lands are indebted to him for an important part of their knowledge. He exerted a considerable influence upon the early development of mechanical land transport, and found further scope for his ingenuity and skill in connection with the evolution of the internal combustion engine. It is, however, primarily for his contributions to progress with electric power plant and associated appliances that his name figures prominently in the annals of British engineering achievement."

Crowther, J. A. R6NTGEN centenary and fifty years of X-rays. Nature, 155, 35 1-53, 1945.

[CURIE, MARIE SKLODOWSKA]. Memorial meeting in honor of MARIE SKLODOWSKA-CURIE. Bulletin of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sci- ences in dmerica, 3, 199-245, figs., 1945.

Contents: Introductory remnarks by MARSTON TAYLOR BOGERT; Message of ROBERT A. MILLIKAN; Homage to Madame CURIE by L. BRILLOUIN; Addresses by Ross GOLDEN and CLARENCE MANNING; W. SWIETO- SLAWSKI; The legend of Madame CURIE (with her bibliography); K. FAJANS: Discovery of radium and the modern development of chemistry and physics.

Dutry, Fid. Le centenaire de CAMILLE FLAM- MARION ( I 842-1 925). Ciel et Terre, 5 8, I 66- 67, 1942.

HAMY, MAURICE. Notice par EMILE PICARD. Annuaire pour I'an 1943 publie par le Bureau des Longitudes, A i-A 15.

Heintzenberg, Fr. Vom Werden der Stark- stromtechnik. Ein Ruckblick aus Anlass des 75. Geburtstages der Dynamomaschine. Die Natur- wissenschaften, 30, 175-78, 1942.

Heintzenberg, Fr. WERNER SIEMENS et le succes mondial de l'electro-technique allemande. Revue Siemens, 13, 113-22, 3 figs., 1941.

Higgins, Thomas James. Evolution of the three-phase 6o-cycle alternating-current system. dmerican Journal of Physics, I3, 32-36, 1945.

Humphreys, William Jackson. As it was in ROWLAND'S time. The Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine, 32, 71-76, 2 ills., 1944.

Apropos of HENRY A. ROWLAND, and his associates in the Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins. Personal reminiscences. G. S.



i98 XIXth (2)

Mahr, Otto. Die Entstehung der Dynamoma- schine. Geschichtliche Einzeldarstellungen aus der Elektrotechnik, 5, v+159 P., 103 figs.,

'94'. Parsons, R. H. The steam turbine and other in-

ventions of Sir CHARLES PARSONS, O.M. vi+ 33 p., illus. (Science in Britain.) London, Long- mans Green, 1942, reprinted 1944. I S.

"The Parsons Steam Turbine is the greatest invention in recent times for the production of big quantities of power. The electric power stations of today use steam turbines for driving their dynamos. Machines developing 70,000 horse-power are not unusual. The world's biggest ships, such as the Queen Elizabeth, are driven by steam turbines. The development has been extraordi- narily rapid. PARSONS introduced the first successful turbine for producing electricity in I884, and the first turbine-driven ship in I897. Within twenty years, gi- gantic power stations and liners, developing tens of thousands of horse-power, were in use. It was the most spectacular technical development of our times. Mr. R. H. PARSONS describes here how the late Sir CHARLES PARSONS brought about this technical revolution."

Patterson, T. S.; Buchanan, Charles. His- torical and other considerations regarding the crystal form of sodium-ammonium d- and i-tartrate, potassium d- and l-tartrate, potassium- ammonium d- and l-tartrate, and potassium racemate-I. Annals of Science, 5, 288-95, 6 figs-, I pl, I945.

Pelseneer, Jean. ZENOBE GRAMME. Notice bio-bibliographique suivie de la description de la dynamo par son inventeur et d'autres documents. 79 p., 2 figs., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, ire serie, no 6). Bruxelles, Office de publicite, I 944.

Biography of the inventor of the first practical dynamo, ZENOBE GRAMME (I826-I9OI), based partly upon unpublished documents. The biography is followed by an elaborate bibliography, the description of GRAMME'S dynamo by himself (CR, 73, 175-78, I871), three other notes by GRAMME in the CR I872, I874, I877; the report of the Volta prize awarded to him in i888; very interesting reminiscences of PAUL JANSON and EMILE JAVAUX; and a list of his French patents (I867- 84). For a comparison of the achievements of ANTONIO PACINOTTI (I841-1912) with those of GRAMME, see p. 15-23 of PELSENEER'S book. The industrial realiza- tion of FARADAY'S ideas took forty years, and the three early realizers were PACINOrrI, WERNER SIEMENS, and GRAMME. By the way, PACINOTTI'S paper of I864 was reprinted in 1912 with translations into four languages (Isis, 2, 280). G. S.

Pelseneer, Jean. ZE'NOBE GRAMME. Notice bio-bibliographique suivie de la description de la dynamo par son inventeur et d'autres documents. 8 I p., portr., 2 figs. (Collection nationale, no 6). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, I94I.

2me edition, 79 p., portr., 2 figs., Bruxelles, '944.

La deuxieme edition ne differe de Ia premiere que par quelques corrections et additions; la bibliographie a ete mise a jour. Comptes rendus bibliographiques par TORSTEN ALTHIN, Lychnos, p. 4o6, 1941; par P. HAR- MEGNIES, Ciel et Terre, 68, i05, 1942; par L. ROSEN- FELD, Ned. Tiidschr. v. Natuurk., Io.

[RAYET, GEORGES (I839-1906)]. Le centenaire de G. RAYET, fondateur de l'Observatoire de Bordeaux. L'Astronomie, 54, I45-47, port., I 940.

[REYNAUD, EMILE]. Le centenaire D'EMILE REYNAUD, inventeur du dessin anime. Les Let- tres franfaises, 4, 8, I 944.

Roffo, Angel H. GUILLERMO CONRADO R6ENT- GEN. En el primer centenario de su nacimiento. Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, 4, 5-2I, figs., I945.

[ROYCE, F. H.]. FREDERICK HENRY ROYCE. An outline of his engineering achievement. By G. GEOFFREY SMITH. iv+3I P., 7 illus. (Science in Britain). London, Longmans Green, I945.

Biography of the English creator of Royce cars and aircraft engines. Sir FREDERICK died in I933.

Rykers, H. L'effet d'un oubli de NEWCOMB dans la "Theorie des perturbations periodiques des longitudes et des rayons vecteurs des quatre planetes interieures, du premier ordre quant aux masses." Ciel et Terre, 5 8, I 28-3 I, I 942.

Sadoul, Georges. Pour le 50 e anniversaire de l'invention du cinema. Les premiers pas du cinema. L'invention des premiers appareils a dessins animes (I824-I853). La pensee, revue du rationalisme moderne, n? 2, 65-79, I945.

Siemens, Hermann von. "Ueber die Umwand- lung von Arbeitskraft in elektrischen Strom ohne Anwendung permanenter Magnete." Die Natur- wissenschaften, 30, I73-75, I fig., I942.

Reproduit le texte de la communication faite le 17 janvier I867 par WERNER SIEMENS. J. P.

SOLVAY, ERNEST. Notice by GEORGES DE LEENER, 83 p., portr. Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, I 942; by OCTAVE DONY-HENAULT, Academie royale de Belgique, Bull. de la Classe des Sci- ences, 28, 927-67, I942.

Steinman, D. B. The builders of the bridge: the story of JOHN ROEBLING and his son. xi + 457 p. New York, Harcourt, Brace, I945.

Reviewed by JOHN W. OLIVER, American Historical Review, 51, 136-37, 19455.



XIXth (2) I99

Terrat-Branly, Jeanne. Mon pere EDOUARD

BRANLY. 364 P., fig. Paris, Correa, I94I.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

Baginski, Henryk. The sixtieth anniversary of ROGOZINSKI's expedition to the Cameroons. Geographical Journal, I03, 72-75, I944.

STEFAN SZOLo-ROGOZINSKI (Kalisz, I86I,O4,I5- Paris, I896,'12,01). C. W. A.

Bay, J. Christian. WILLIAM TRELEASE. I85 7- I945. Personal reminiscences. I2 p., port., Chi- cago, Privately printed, I945.

These reminiscences are valuable, because they reveal TRELEASE'S essential kindness. G. S.

Beltran, Enrique. Datos y documentos para la historia de las ciencias naturales en Mexico- II. Correspondencia de ALGREDO DTUGES con ALFONsO L. HERRERA (I888-I893). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 6, 99-Io6, I945.

Bonner, James C. The plantation overseer and Southern nationalism as revealed in the career of GARLAND D. HARMON (I823-c. I870). Agri- cultural History, I9, I-I0, 1945.

Including an evaluation of HARMON'S contributions to agricultural science.

BOULE, MARCELLIN (i 86I- ). Notice by H. V. VALLoIs. La revue scientifique, 80, 34I- 42, 1942.

Carrington da Costa, J. Marcas de ondulagao (Ao recordar preocupagoes de Nery Delgado). Petrus Nonius, 4i 64-80, 3 figs., I94I.

Casteret, Norbert. E. A. MARTEL, explorateur du monde souterrain. 234 p. Paris. N.R.F., Gallimard, I 943.

CHABRY, LAURENT (I855-I893). Notice by MAURICE CAULLERY. Revue scientifique, 78, 230-32, I940.

Florkin, Marcel. LE'ON FREDERICQ et les de- buts de la physiologie en Belgique. I04 P., 4 figs., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, 3me serie, no. 36). Bruxelles, Office de publicite, I943.

This is one of the best volumes in the collection published in Belgium during the war (Isis, 36, 131). It illustrates admirably the fact that Belgium is a micro- cosm of Europe. The history of FREDERICQ'S origin and education introduces us to four illustrious Flemish families, FREDERIcQ, LOvELING, BUYSSE, MAcLEOD, and to many other families not only Belgian but French and German. LAON's brother, PAUL, was one of the greatest Belgian historians, who achieved interna-

tional reputation by his study of the Spanish inquisition in the Netherlands. LEON FREDERICQ (i854-1935)

was not only the outstanding Belgian physiologist but one of the leading physiologists of our time. The book written by one of FREDERICQ'S disciples, his successor in the University of Liege, gives us a most interesting biography, and a close study of the master's achievements; it contains also a history of Belgian physiology. It is completed with a bibliography of FREDERICQ'S

publications from I875 to 1943; his last published paper was a study on VESALIUS. The book is so long that it was necessary to print it in very small type let us hope that it will soon be possible to publish a better edition of it printed with larger type on better paper, and as fully indexed as such a rich book deserves to be. G. S.

Geiser, S. W. JOHN WRIGHT GLENN (I836- 92), early state geologist of Texas. Field & Laboratory, I3, 64-69, portr., I945.

Geiser, Samuel Wood. IOO lashes for a good man. Southwest Review, 30, 374-76, I945.

Apropos of the medical botanist of Texas, Dr. LEVI JAMES RUSSELL (I83I-I908), who was severely horse- whipped in I877 because of his presidency of the Free- Thinkers' Society in Bell County, Texas. The author concludes: "We have moved past the point where we lynch men for differences in religious opinion. But the spirit of intolerance and violence exhibited in this epi- sode is not dead. It flares today in other fields of interest. It is for us of the present time to develop tolerance and fairness in dealing with racial, social, and economic problems. By extension, this applies also to sectional and national differences." G. S.

Hedgpeth, Joel W. The United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross. With an appendix by WALDO L. SCHMITT. American Nep- tune, 5, 5-26, 2 piS., I945.

Hendrickson, Walter Brookfield. DAVID DALE OWEN, pioneer geologist of the Middle West. Harvard University, Summaries of Theses for Ph.D., I94I, 207-IO, Cambridge, Mass.,

I945. Howard, M. L. LUTHER BURBANK'S plant con-

tributions. University of California Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, no. 69I, IIO p.

We lack an authentic biography of the best known plant breeder the United States has produced. Since BURBANK (1849-1926) kept no records and marketed many of the plants sent him by the U. S. Dept. of Agri- culture, his reputation among botanists and geneticists is not good. This brochure is a sympathetic treatment of BURBANK and his problems and lists the many vari- eties of plants he is reputed to have created. C. Z.

[LAMBERT, GUILLAUME]. Une memorable figure: l'ingenieur des mines GUILLAUME LAM- BERT. Notice par ARMAND RENIER. Academie royale de Belgique, Bull. de la Classe des Sci- ences, 28, 895-926, I942.



200 XIXth (2)

LAUNAY, LoUIS DE. Notice par GROSSELIN. Bull. de la Soc. des Amis d'Andre-Marie dmpere, no I 0, 294-97, I939.

Marett, Robert Ranuif. TYLOR. 220 p., frontispiece. (Modern Sociologists). New York, Wiley, I936.

Biography of one of the founders of ethnology, Sir EDWARD BURNErr TYLOR (1832-1917), by his successor in Oxford. The book is largely devoted to the discussion of TYLOR'S views in the light of later knowledge. G. S.

[MECHNIKOV, ILYA]. Metchnikoff centenary celebrations. Note by LYDIA BACH. Nature, I 55,

736, I945.

Mumford, Frederick B. History of the Missouri College of Agriculture. Univ. of Mo. Coll. of Agric. Bulletin, 482, 304 P., Columbia, Mo., I946.

From its establishment in I870 to the present.

Schneider, Herbert W. The influence of DAR- WIN and SPENCER on American philosophical theology. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 3-I8, I945.

Taylor, Wm. Randolph. WILLIAM GILSON FARLOW (I844-19I9): Promoter of psychological research in America. Farlowia, 2, 53- 70, I945.

Verdoorn, Frans. FARLOW'S interest in an international abstracting journal. Farlowia, 2, 7I- 82, I945.

Describes the activities of WILLIAM GILSON FARLOW (I844-1919) in the reorganization of the Botanisches Centralblatt at the beginning of this century. C. Z.

Verleyen, E. J. B. Levensschets van Dr. H. VAN HEURCK en overzicht van zijn verzamelingen. Voorwoord van E. DE WILDEMAN. 96 p., frontispiece. Uitgegeven door den Dienst voor Pro- paganda en Toerisme in opdracht van het Comite der Antwerpsche Propagandaweken, I 942.

Handsome booklet published during the war by the Antwerp office of publicity and tourism. Biography of the botanist HENRI VAN HEURCK (I838-I909) and description of the collections which he bequeathed to the botanical garden of his native city, Antwerp. His best known work is the Traite des diatomies (I899). His collections include ancient books of natural history and a series of early microscopes and other scientific instruments. G. S.

Wiener, Philip P. CHAUNCEY WRIGHT'S defense of DARWIN and the neutrality of science. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, I9-45, I PL., I945.

Wolfe, Linnie Marsh. Son of the wilderness. The life of JOHN MUIR. 364 p. New York, Knopf, I945.

Reviewed by M. M., More Books, 20, 362, Boston, '945.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Aschoff, Ludwig. RUDOLF VIRCHOW. Wissen- schaft und Weltgeltung. 95 p. Hamburg, Hoff- man und Campe, I940.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, 114-15, 1945.

Baker, Rachel. The first woman doctor. The story of ELIZABETH BLACKWELL, M.D. 246 p., I6 illustrations by CORINNE MALVERN. New York, Messner, I944.

Reviewed by A. I. LUDLOW, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 33, 261, 1945.

Bruynoghe, Richard. Le cinquantenaire de la decouverte des serums antidiphtherique et anti- tetanique. Revue medicale de Louvain, 257-6I, I940.

Flick, Ella M. E. Beloved crusader. LAWRENCE F. FLICK, physician. 390 P. Philadelphia, Dor- rance, I944.

Reviewed by JEAN C. SABINE, Bull. of the Hist. of Medicine, I8, 358-59, 1945.

Goetzl, Alfred; Reynolds, Ralph Arthur. J ULIUS TANDLER: a biography. 63 p., frontispiece. San Francisco, Privately printed, I944.

Doctor GOETZL, TANDLER'S pupil, and Doctor REY- NOLDS, TANDLER'S friend, deserve much commendation for publishing this first real biography of the great Viennese anatomist, JULIUS TANDLER (I869-I936).

The list of 74 contributions from TANDLER from I895 to I933 shows the extent of his important work in anatomy, and also his general interest in medical education and sanitation and public health. TANDLER was a pupil of EMIL ZUCKERKANDL (I849-19IO), who carried forward the tradition in topographical anatomy established at Vienna by JOSEPH HYRTL (I8o-IO894). TANDLER established the "Zeitschrift fur Konstitu- tionslehre" and was particularly interested in studying the constitutional makeup of individuals. TANDLER was well known among sociologists for his important work in promoting the social welfare system of Vienna. In this connection he did much to help make Vienna a focal point for American postgraduate medical work following World War I. The rise of Nazism drove him from Austria in I 934. TANDLER came through the United States in 1934 on his way to China and Moscow. All who met him at that time remember his vivid and sin- cere personality. His death occurred while he was working as Chief Advisor ot KAMMINSKY, then the Minister of Health of the U.S.S.R. C. D. L.



XIXth (2) 201

Jones, D. W. Carmalt. Annals of the Univer- sity of Otago Medical School, I875-1939. Wellington, New Zealand, Reed, I945.

Lambotte, A. Quelques considerations sur le traitement des plaies. Un grand homme me- connu. MICHEL DE PRE1OBRAJENSKY (I86 I- 1936). Le Scalpel, 95, 497-501, 1942.

Mayet, C. PASTEUR, ce grand homme. 145 P. Paris, Desclee de Brouwer, 1941.

Miller, Genevieve. Social services in a Civil War hospital in Baltimore. Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, I7, 439-59, 12 figs., I945.

Pasteur. Correspondance, i84o-x895, reunie et annotee par PASTrEUR VALLERY-RADOT. I. Lettres de jeunesse, College de Besanson, Ecole Normale Supeieure, Dijon, Strasbourg, Lllle, I840-i857. 350 P., 3 ills. Paris, Grasset, I940.

These letters date from PASTEUR'S eighteenth year to his thirty-fifth. In one of the last letters of this volume, addressed to the old BioT, he announces his discovery that when the racemic tartaric acid is allowed to ferment it is divided into its dextro and levo forms, the dextro form ferments while the levo form remains in- tact. This started his thoughts on the fundamental asym- metry of life (Isis, 4, 32-38). I have seen only vol. I of this collection (thanks to my young friend, HENRY GUERLAC) and do not yet know whether the publication was continued during the war. Another edition of PASTEUR'S letters was being prepared before the war by ALFRED LACROIX (Isis, 32, 119). G. S.

Paterson, Robert G. Antecedents of the Na- tional Tuberculosis Association. 25 p. (His- torical Series, no. 2). New York, National Tu- berculosis Association, 1945.

Reviewed by JEAN C. SABINE, Bull. of the History of Medicine, I8, 358, I945.

Paz Soldan, Carlos Enrique. Vida y obras de JOSE MARIANO MACEDO. (Ayaviri, I 823 - Lima, I 894). 130 p., pls. Anales de la Sociedad Peruana de Historia de la Medicina, 7, Lima, 1945.

Sachs, Hanns. FREUD, master and friend. vi+ 195 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1944- $2.50.

Dr. SACHS was one of FREUD'S earliest personal disciples, maintaining from I909 to the time of FREUD'S death a close relationship with the master who was also his friend. In the present wholly delightful volume Dr. SACHS, being aware that ANNA FREUD will probably prepare the definitive biography of FREUD, gives us a highly personal history of his relations with FREUD and the early origins of the psychoanalytic movement. The portrait of FREUD which emerges is that of a really very great man, not simply as a great discoverer but also as a great character.

The book will have a particular appeal to those who have intimately followed the progress of psychoanalysis from its period of diffusion in the twenties to the present day, but it will make hardly less rewarding reading to those who simply want to know what kind of a man FREUD was. There are some excellent photographs of FREUD and one valuable photograph of the master together with his disciples. M. F. A. M.

Thorington, J. Monroe. The strange death of Dr. BEAN. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 101-105, 2 figs., 1945.

JAMES BAXTER BEAN, I834-1870.

Truax, Rhoda. JOSEPH LISTER, father of modern surgery. 287 p., 9 ills. Indianapolis, Bobbs- Merrill, 1944.

Reviewed by 0. TEMKIN, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 109, I945.

Vallery-Radot, Rene. Madame PASTEUR. I63 p. Paris, Flammanron, I94I.

Wade, Ella N. Letters from Professor HYRTL found in a Mutter Museum scrapbook. Trans- actions & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 12, 115-i8, 1944.

Whitehouse, Eula. SOPHiA HAMMANN, an early Texas midwife and herbalist. Field & Laboratory, 13, 70-72, I945.

"Her husband, WILLIAM HAMMANN, died in 1884, and she a year later. They are buried side-by-side in the cemetery at Post Oak. Doubtless Mrs. HAMMANN was in many respects representative of German and Czech midwives and herbalists in Central Texas in the last century."

WYETH, JOHN ALLAN. Notice by EMMETT B. CARMICHAEL. Bulletin of the History of Medi- cine, i8, 329-37, portr., I945.

E. ALIA

Benrubi, I. Souvenirs sur HENRI BERGSON. I36 p. Neuchatel, Delachaux & Niestle, 1942. 4 Swiss frs.

This collection of reminiscences concerning the greatest philosopher of our times is very welcomne; it will have to be used by every biographer of BERGSON. The author knew BERGSON from I904 on and saw him frequently during the years I909-I4, less frequently from 1921 to 1937. His relationship was that of disciple to master and translator to author. He is best known himself because his book, Contemporary Thought of France (1I 926), developed his own German and French versions of it (1928, 1933). Being a true cosmopolite he was trying to explain French thought to the Germans and vice versa. This book is precious, because it records BERGSON'S sayings on many subjects, chiefly his own philosophy. Upon BERGSON'S request all his unfinished MSS were destroyed after his death in I94I. G. S.



202 XlXth (2) to XXth

Bunge, Mario. NIETZSCHE y la ciencia. Mi- nerva, 2, 44-50, 1944.

Caughey, John Walton. HUBERT HOWE BAN-

CROFT, historian of Western America. Ameri- can Historical Review, 50, 461-70, 1945.

Geiser, S. W. The first Texas Academy of Sci- ence. Field & Laboratory,, 13, 34-39, 1945.

The Texas Academy was organized in I892 and existed until 191 2, having in the meanwhile published twelve volumes of Transactions. It was reorganized in 1929. G. S.

Grenier, Albert. CAMILLE JULLIAN. Un demi- siecle de science historique et de progres franqais, I880-I930. 317 p., frontispiece. Paris, Michel [I944]. 78 fr.

Biography of the historian of Gaul JULLIAN (1859- 1933) by his disciple and successor in the chair of national antiquities in the College de France. During the first World War JULLIAN applied his deep knowledge of the Gallic and French past to the defense of French traditions (Isis, I7, 603; '9, 308). His best known book of that critical period is De la Gaule a la France (Paris 1921) wherein he explained the continuity of the past from prehistoric times down to the Chanson de Roland. He ended with the words "'La France a acheve le long travail de sa croissance et trouve la loi de sa destinee. . . . Les heures les plus difficiles se sont ecoul6es, elle est sortie saine et sauve des crises imperiales qui ont menace sa vie. Elle peut aller 'a l'avenir en toute confiance si ses chefs savent la comprendre et ecouter parfois les poetes qui chantent ses re'ves et les historiens qui racontent son passe.'. GRENIER studied JULLIAN'S latest writings during the second World War which gave to them a new significance and new usefulness. Let us hope that France will soon recover its spiritual unity without which her recovery will remain precarious. The account of the sad Glozel affaire (I925-29) wherein JULLIAN was obliged to fight his old friend, SALOMON REINACH (P. 277-80), is very interesting; for more information on Glozel see Isis, 15, 480. G. S.

Hodges, H. A. WILHELM DILTHEY. An introduction. x+ 174 P. (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction). London, Kegan Paul, 1944.

Reviewed by A. D. LINDSAY, Nature, I56, 46i, 1945.

Hofstadter, Richard. Social Darwinism in American thought, I86o-i915. viii+191 P. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944.

Reviewed by MORTON G. WHITE, Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 119-22, 1945.

Morgan, Arthur E. The philosophy of EDWARD BELLAMY. ix+96 p. New York, King's Crown Press, 1945. $i.6o.

The American author, EDWARD BELLAMY (I 85o-

98), known to most people because of his utopian novel

"Looking Backward" (I888), was also somewhat of a philosopher who, like other New Englanders, had been deeply influenced by Hindu thought. His views on solidarity, nemesis, the economy of happiness, and religion prove him to have been highly sensitive and gen- erous. His is one of the noblest personalities in Ameri- can letters of the last century. G. S.

Rostand, Jean. RENAN, precurseur scientifique. Revue scientifique, 79, 373-74, 1941-

XXTH CENTURY

A. MATHEMATICS

BENNETT, GEOFFREY THOMAS (I868-I943). Obituary notice by H. F. BAKER. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 597- 6I5, portr., 1944.

Brasch, Frederick E. Two important manuscripts by ALBERT EINSTEIN. Library of Con- gress, Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisitions, 2, 39-48, 1945.

LEBESGUE, HENRI LEON (I875-1941). Obitu- ary notice by J. C. BURKILL. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 483-90, I 944.


Auger, Pierre. What are cosmic rays? Revised and enlarged American edition. Translated from the French by MAURICE M. SHAPIRO. vii+ 128 p., 22 pls. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1945. $2.00.

Revised translation brought up to date of AUGER'S Rayons costniques (Paris 194I). The original text escaped attention, because it appeared a few months after the invasion of France. The history of the discovery of the cosmic rays is not told as clearly as the historian would wish. Present knowledge is summarized in simple language. The origin of the cosmic rays is still unknown. G. S.

BAEKELAND, LEO HENDRIK (I863-1944). Notice

by WALLACE P. COHOE. Chemical and Engi- neering News, 23, 228-33, illus., 1945.

BOUSFIELD, WILLIAM ROBERT (I854-1943).

Obituary notice by W. C. D. DAMPIER. Obitu- ary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 57 1-

76, portr., 1944.

BoYs, CHARLES VERNON (I855-1944). Obitu- ary notice by Lord RAYLEIGH. Obituary No- tices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 77 I-88, portr., 1944.



XXth 203

Bragg, Sir Lawrence. The history of X-ray analysis. vi+25 p. (Science in Britain). Lon- don, British Council, 1944.

"Sir LAWRENCE BRAGG, Cavendish Professor of Ex- perimental Physics in the University of Cambridge, one of the founders of X-ray analysis, gives in this pamphlet his authoritative account of the beginning and development of this new weapon of science. He explains how it enables us to see things thousands of times smaller than those revealed by the most powerful microscope. It shows how atoms are put together to build up the common objects of life. New knowledge of the structure of metals, minerals and chemical substances, and even of flesh and bone has been gained by the new technique, which in turn has led to important advances in metallurgy, chemistry, and the arts of life. Sir LAWRENCE BRAGG was associated with his father, the late Sir WILLIAM BRAGG, in the development of X-ray analysis, and shared with him a Nobel Prize for their achievements."

CHATTAWAY, FREDERICK DANIEL (I860-I944).

Obituary notice by G. R. CLEMO. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 713- I6, portr., 1944.

CUTHBERTSON, CLIVE (I863-1943). Obituary notice by E. C. C. BALY. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 629-54, portr., '944-

DE Roy, FELIX (I883-1942). Notice par AM. DERMUL. Ciel et Terre, 58, 236-38, 1942.

Dunlap, Orrin E., Jr. Radio's 1OO men of science. New York, Harper, 1944.

Reviewed by W. F. G. SWANN, Science, IOI, 2 24 ' 945.

EDDINGTON, Sir ARTHUR (I882-1944). Notices by DANIEL CHALONGE, La Pensee, revue du rationalisme moderne, n? 2, 107-o8, 1945; by G. LEMAITRE, CKl et Terre, 6 i, II 4-15, 1945.

Einstein, Albert. The meaning of relativity. Vi+ 135 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1945. $2.00.

This is a reissue of EINSTEIN>S explanation of the theory of relativity offered by him in a lecture at Prince- ton, May I92I, and published by the Princeton Press in the same year. An appendix written by him in 1944 covers the progress made since I92I. It is hardly possible to discuss this book in a review; it suffices to indicate its availability. G. S.

Eisenschiml, Otto. Without fame, the romance of a profession. vi+368 p. Chicago, Alliance Book Corp., 1942.

EISENSCHIML'S autobiography is an interesting, witty, and entertaining book, as good as a novel. After the reviewer had read it, his wife read it spontaneously and with pleasure and recommended it to her friends. Later the reviewer bought copies for gifts, some of them to business men who learned from its revealing pages new

things about the spirit of chemistry and about the duties, predicaments, and opportunities which an industrial chemist is likely to encounter. The book deserves to stand on the same shelf as JOHANN KUNCKEL VON L6WENSTERN'S "Laboratorium Chymicum." Hamburg and Leipzig, 17I6, the autobiography of another industrial chemist, with the exuberance and general out- look of which it has much in common.

EISENSCHIML was born in Vienna, Austria, iSSo, studied chemistry at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute, came to this country as a young man, worked in steel mills, glass factories, oil plants, and other chemical industries, founded his own business, the Scientific Oil Compounding Company, in 1912, rendered important public service in both World Wars, and has long been active in the affairs of the Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society. The history of the Amneri- can Civil War is one of his hobbies. He has collected a large amount of material, original letters, photographs, and other relics pertaining to the death of LINCOLN and has written two provocative books about him: Why Was Lincoln Murdered? (Boston 1937) In the Shadow of Lincoln's Death (New York 1940). T. L. D.

FARR, CLINTON COLERIDGE (1866-i943). Obit- uary notice by K. GRANT. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 503-o6, portr., 1944.

HATFIELD, WILLIAM HERBERT (I882-1943). Obituary notice by C. H. DESCH. Obituary No- tices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 617-27, portr., 1944.

HENDERSON, GEORGE GERALD (1862-1942). Obituary notice by J. C. IRVINE and J. L. SIM- ONSON. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 491-502, port., 1944.

Iredale, T. Photochemistry in retrospect. Nature, 154, 326-27, 1944.

JAUMOTrE, JULES (I887-1940). Notices by TH. DE DONDER, dnnuasre de Plcad. royale de Belgique, 107, 191-21 1, portr., 1941; by JACQUES VAN MIEGHEM, Ciel et Terre, 56, 265-76, portr., 1940; by JACQUES VAN MIEG- HEM, Ciel et Terre, 57, 97-117, 4 figs., 1941.

LANCASTER, ALBERT. Notice by L. DUFOUR. Ciel et Terre, 58, I09)-21, portr., 1942.

[LANGEVIN, PAUL]. Le professeur LANGEVIN et l'effort scientifique de guerre. Par FREDERIC JOLIOT-CURIE. La Pensee, no I, 32-37, 1944.

Ultra-sons. Surtout l9l5-19i1 6.

LUDENDORFF, HANS. Notice by ELIS STROMGREN. Die Naturwissenschaften, 30, 53-55, portr., 1942.

MALFITANO, GIOVANNI ( I 872-194I). Un maitre de la chimie colloidale. By A. HONNELArrRE. Rev. gen. des sci., 52, 29-31, 1942.



204 XXth

[NERNST, WALTHER, I 864-1941 ]. L'opera di WALTHER NERNST. By MARIO ALBERTO ROL- LIER. Scientia, 72, 8i-88, 1942.

NEWALL, HUGH FRANK (1857-1944). Obituary notice by E. A. MILNE. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 717-32, portr., '944.

Planck, Max. Zur Geschichte der Auffindung des physikalischen Wirkungsquantums. Die Naturwissenschaften, 31, 153-59, 1943.

Radar. A report on science at war. Released by the Joint Board on Scientific Information Policy for: Office of Scientific Research and Development, War Department, Navy Department. iii+53 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing- ton 25, D. C., 1945. 15 cents.

ROBERTS, JOHN KErrH (I897-1944). Obituary notice by E. K. RIDEAL. Obituary Notices of FeUows of the Royal Society, 4, 789-94, portr., '944.

Rosenfeld, L. NIELs BOHR. An essay dedicated to him on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, October 7, 1945. I8 p. Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co., 1945.

Saha, M. N.; Chaudhuri, B. D. Nag. The story of the 'atomic bomb'. Scince and Culture, II, 11I-I8, figs., 1945.

Smyth, Henry DeWolf. Atomic energy for military purposes. The official report on the development of the atomic bomb under the auspices of the United States Government, I940- 1945. iX+264 p., pIs., Princeton, Princeton Uni- versity Press, 1945. $1.25 (paper), $2.00 (cloth).

This is the official report minus the details which it is necessary to keep secret for national security. It is sufficient to explain the basic principles involved. The creation of two new elements, Neptunium and Pluto- nium, which do not exist in nature, is an astounding chemical achievement. Its applications to war and peace are incalculable and awful; there is no point in prophe- sying; almost everything may happen for the good of mankind or for its destruction. A good part of SMYTH'S account is called "administrative history." This is a disquietening portent. Will historians of science of a century hence have to write the "administrative history of physics," or include "administrative" chapters in their narratives? Speaking of immensely expensive instruments such as the largest telescopes and the cyclo- trons one would already have to describe their "administrative" genesis, and the development of penicillin also calls for an "administrative" history. I am glad to

be already old enough never to be confronted with the necessity of devoting half of a book on the history of science to "administrative" or to "industrial" history.

G. S.

TIBERGHIEN, ALBERT (I872-1940). Notice by AUGUSTE VINCENT. Ciel et Terre, 57, 139-4I, portr., 1941.

Urey, Harold C. The atom and humanity. Sci- ence, 102, 435-39' 1945.

VAN LERBERGHE, GEORGES (I896-i940). No- tice by J. F. Cox. Ciel et Terre, 56, 277-80, portr., 1940.

ZEEMAN, PIETER (I865-1943). Obituary notice by Lord RAYLEIGH. Obituary Notices of Fel- lows of the Royal Society, 4, 591-95, portr., 1944.

C. NATURAL SCIENCES

[ANTHONY, RAOUL (I874-1941)]. RAOUL AN- THONY et la chaire d'anatomie comparee du Mu- seum, by MADELEINE FRIANT, Rev. scientifique, 79, 397-98, 1941. Notice by M. FRIANT, Re- vue gen. des sci., 51, 229-30, 1940-41.

Barbour, Thomas. Naturalist at large. xii+ 314 P., 22 ills. Boston, Little, Brown, 1943.

Reviewed by CONWAY ZIRKLE, Isis, 35, 343-44, 1944.

BURRARD, SIDNEY GERALD (I86o-i943). Obitu- ary notice by G. P. LENOX-CONYNGHAM. Obit- uary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 507-22, portr., 1944.

[BYRD, RICHARD E.]. Reports on scientific results of the United States Antarctic Service Expedi- tion, 1939-1941. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 89, vli+398 p., figs., 1945. $4.00.

Says the leader of that expedition in his preface: "The United States Antarctic Service Expedition of I939- I941, of which the main results are presented in this volume, was the first United States Government expedition to go to the Antarctic since the famous United States Exploring Expedition of one hundred years before under the command of Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral) CHARLES WILKES, U. S. Navy, explored that area as part of its far-flung program. American par- ticipation in discoveries in the South Polar region has been due mainly to private enterprise, ranging from the voyages of the Connecticut sealers, particularly NA- THANIEL B. PALMER. in the o820'S to the expeditions undertaken since the introduction of flying-by G. H. (now Sir HUBERT) WILKINS under American sponsorship in 1928 and 1929, by myself in 1928-I930 and 1933-35, and by LINCOLN ELLSWORTH between 1933 and 1939. The origin of the Antarctic Service expedi-



XXth 205

tion may be stated, broadly, to be due to the desire to place the United States in possession of full and up-to- date knowledge with regard to the geography and natural resources of the Antarctic, especially the hitherto unknown sector in which the extreme southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean abuts on the continental landmass of Antarctica. Other countries-Great Britain, Aus- tralia, France, Norway -claim sovereignty over parts of Antarctica, and it is incumbent on us to be prepared with information for whatever policy concerning terri- torial rights the Government may decide upon." The present volume contains ten invited papers by members of the expedition presented to A.P.S. in Nov. 1941, plus fifteen other papers and fifteen reports on zoological and other specimens collected by the expedition. The A.P.S. deserves special thanks for having assumed the burden of this publication in war time. G. S.

Chapman, Frank M. [ I 864-1945 ]. Autobiog- raphy of a bird-lover. With photographs by the author; drawings and four color plates by Louis AGASSIZ FUERTES. xiii+420 p., illus. New York Appleton-Century, 1935. (First printed in 1933.)

This very instructive autobiography is already well known to every ornithologist, but it deserves to attract the attention of a larger public. It contains an account of CHAPMAN'S own studies and delightful portraits of many other birdmen, e.g., of Lord GREY and the great artist, Louis AGAssIz FUERTES. It helps one to appreciate the social services rendered by museums and in particular by the American Museum of Natural History in New York. (Isis, 22, 367.) G. S.

[FICHOT, EUGENE]. La vie et l'oeuvre de Eu- GENE FICHOT, ingenieur hydrographe general de la Marine. Par D. COT. Annuaire pour l'an 1943 publie par le Bureau des Longitudes, B.i- B.33.

GREGOIRE, VICTOR (I870-I938). Notices par P. MARTENS, La Cellule, 48, I, port., 1939; Bull. Soc. roy. Botan. Belg., 72, I, 1939.

HINKS, ARTHUR ROBERT (I873-1945). Obitu- ary notices by G. R. CRONE, C. F. ARDEN- CLOSE and K. MASON, Geographical Journal, 105, 146-51, portr., 1945.

Hinks, Arthur Robert. The observations of AMUNDSEN and ScoTT at the South Pole. Geo- graphical Journal, 103, i6o-8o, 1944.

Full recomputations with diagrams. 'Observations made within a few miles of the Pole are so rare and have such special interest that every figure of the records and reductions should have been published . . . nothing of the astronomical determinations has been printed except a few of the concluded results; and the brief discussion is quite unworthy of their importance. . . . The agreeable feature of the present paper is its main conclusion, that the observations of both parties were very much better than has ever before been represented, and deserve praise that has been long delayed.' C. W. A.

[LAMEERE, AUGUSTE]. Notice sur la vie et les travaux D'AUGUSTE LAMEERE. Par MAURICE CAULLERY. Comptes rendus hebdo. des se'ances de l'Pcad6mie des Sciences, 865-67, Paris, 1942.

AUGUSTE LAMEERE (i864-I942), zoologiste belge, membre correspondant de l'Institut, president du Comite belge d'Histoire des sciences. J. P.

Lameere, Auguste (I864-1942). Precis de Zoologie, 7, 205-68, 1942.

Liste chronologique des oeuvres D'AUGUSTE LAMEERE. Bibliographie complete.

LYONS, HENRY GEORGE (I864-1944). Obituary notice by H. H. DALE. Obituary Notices of Fel- lows of the Royal Society, 4, 795-809, portr., 1944.

MIDDLETON, THOMAS HUDSON (I863-1943). Obituary notice by E. J. RUSSELL. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 555- 69, portr., 1944.

MOIR, JAMES REm (I879-1944). Obituary notice by A. KEITH. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 733-45, 1944.

Norman, John Roxbrough [I898-I 944]. Squire. Memories of CHARLES DAVIES SHER- BORN [I86I-I942]. 202 p., 10 pIS., 3 ijl. Lon- don, Harrap, 1944.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 36, 77-78, 1945.

PILGRIM, HENRY GUY ELLCOCK (I875-1943). Obituary notice by L. L. FERMOR, C. FORSTER- COOPER and A. T. HOPWOOD. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 577-90, portr., 1944.

POULTON, EDWARD BAGNALL (i856-i943). Obituary notice by G. D. HALE CARPENTER. Obituary Notices of Felows of the Royal Society, 4, 655-8o, portr., 1944.

PRAIN, DAVID (i 857-1944). Obituary notice by I. H. BURKILL. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 747-70, portr., 1944.

Sumner, Francis B. [I874-1945]. The life history of an American naturalist. vii+298 p. Lancaster, Pa., Jaques Cattell Press, 1945. $3.00.

This biography of a well-known American ichthyolo- gist and biologist is of special value because of its can- dor. The final chapter on the "philosophy of the booster" will please many men of science; it would not please realtors, but they would not read it anyhow. No index. G. S.



206 XXth

TE'LEKI, le comte PAUL (I879-1941). Par R. ANTHONY. Rev. generale des sci., 51, 197-98, 1940-41.

[THOMPSON, D'ARCY WENTWORTH]. Essays on growth and form presented to D'ARCY WENT-

WORTH THOMPSON. Edited by W. E. LE GROS CLARK and P. B. MEDAWAR. viii+408 p., frontispiece, pls., figs. Oxford, Clarendon Press, '945.

This Festschrift constitutes an excellent supplement to Sir D'ARCY'S own work on Growth and Form (second ed. 1942; Isis, 34, 232-34). It was presented to him on the occasion of his completing sixty years as a professor (Isis, 35, 337). In addition to twelve technical papers, it includes a list of the jubilarian's published writings (from I879 to 1945) and an excellent portrait. His first book was a translation of H. MUL- LER'S Fertilization of Flowers (I883) for which CHARLES DARWIN wrote a preface. As DARWIN died the previous year this must have been one of his last writings, if not the very last. The present volume has been carefully indexed, but-this may seem incredible -the index does not cover the bibliography! G. S.

D. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Bellington, Ellen F.; Bloomfield, J. J.; Dree- sen, W. C. Bibliography of industrial hygiene, 1900-1943. A selected list. 95 P. Washington, U. S. Public Health Service, 1945.

[BRODEL, MAX (I870-1941)]. MAX BRODEL.

Director of the first department of art as applied to medicine in the world. By THOMAS S. CUL- LEN. Bulletin of the Medical Library Associa- tion, 33, 5-29, 1945.

[BUTLER, CHARLES ST. JOHN, I875-1944]. Rear Admiral CHARLES ST. JOHN BUTLER, Medical Corps, United States Navy. An Ameri- can pioneer in tropical medicine. By. R. C. HOL-

COMB. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I8, I85-94, portr-, 1945.

Cannon, Walter B. The way of an investigator. 299 p. New York, Norton, I945.

Reviewed by E. H., More Books, 20, 363, Boston, 1945.

Castiglioni, Arturo. Dr. HARRY FRIEDEN-

WALD, collector and historian. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 33, 31-38, pl., 1945.

[CLENDENING, LOGAN]. LOGAN CLENDENING

(I884-I945). By RALPH H. MAJOR. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I8, I99-206, portr., 1945.

Da Costa, John Chalmers [I863-1933]. The trials and triumphs of the surgeon and other literary gems. Edited by FREDERICK E. KEL- LER. 401 p., frontispiece. Philadelphia, Dor- rance, 1944.

Davidson, Wilson T. Years of an army doctor: an autobiography. I89 p., ill. San Antonio, Texas, Naylor, 1944.

Reviewed by JEAN C. SABINE, Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, 17, 2i6, 1945.

Fishbein, Morris- (editor). Doctors at war. 418 p. New York, Dutton, 1945.

Account of the work done by American physicians during the war, written by sixteen specialists.

Fredericq, Henri. Discours prononce en l'honneur de M. C. HEYMANS, prix Nobel. Bulletin de Pl'c. r. de medecine de Belgique, 5, 7-22, 1940.

[HOLCOMB, RICHMOND CRANSTON (1 874- 1945)]. Captain RICHMOND CRANSTON HOL- COMB. Medical Corps, United States Navy (Re- tired). By Louis H. RODDIS. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i8, 195-98, portr., 1945.

Leonardo, Richard A. A surgeon looks at life. I28 p. New York, Froben Press, 1945.

A surgeon's wise meditations on many problems of life. I. Churchman and doctor; 2. Faith cures; 3. Psy- chological medicine; 4. Birth control; S. The right to life; 6. Sterilization; 7. Euthanasia; 8. The right to die; 9. Heredity and environment; io. Juvenile delin- quency; i. Gerontology and geriatrics; I2. "What am I?"; I3. Man's final gift; I4. Life after death; I5. Building a good life. G. S.

[MACCALLUM, WILLiAM GEORGE]. WILLIAM

GEORGE MACCALLUM (i874-I944). By WARFIELD T. LONGCOPE. Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, I8, 207-I2, portr., I945.

Merlan, Philip. BRENTANO and FREUD. Jour- nal of the History of Ideas, 6, 375-77, 1945.

Neisser, Albert (I855-19I6). On modern syphilotherapy with particular reference to salvarsan. Biography and bibliography by FRANCES

TOMLINSON GARDNER. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i6, 469-510, I PI., I944.

Neisser, Albert. On modern syphilotherapy, with particular reference to salvarsan. Trans- lated by ISABELLE VON SAZENHOFEN WARTEN-

BERG. Biography and bibliography by FRANCES

TOMLINSON GARDNER. 42 p., port. (Samm- lung zwangloser Abhandlungen aus dem Ge- biete der Dermatologie, der Syphilidologie und



XXth 207

der Krankheiten des Urogenitalapparates, Bd. I, H. i, I91I). Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1945. $1.00.

Reprinted from Bulletin of the Hist. of Med., i6, 469-5S I, I 944.

NE'LIS, PAUL. Une experience qui a dure 55 ans. Le Scalpel, 94, 923-29, 1941.

Progres dans la diminution de la diphterie, d'apres la Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. J. P.

PYMAN, FRANK LEE (I882-1944). Obituary notice by H. KING. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 681-97, portr., 1944.

Ratcliff, J. D. Yellow magic. The story of penicillin. xv+ 173 P., 9 illus. New York, Random House, 1945. $2.00.

History of penicillin from the time of ALEXANDER FLEMING'S happy accident in the autumn of I928. One of the great medical achievements of the war. G. S.

Sokoloff, Boris. The story of penicillin. xi+ I67 p. Chicago, Ziff-Davis, 1945. $2.00.

The book is completed with a bibliography which is amazingly long considering that penicillin was discovered by Dr. ALEXANDER FLEMING only in 1928 and did not attract much attention until ten years later. For another book on penicillin see under RATCLIFF.

G. S.

TOPLEY, WILLIAM WHITMAN CARLTON (I886- 1944). Obituary notice by M. GREENWOOD. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 699-712, portr., 1944.

YORKE, WARRINGTON (I883-1943). Obituary notice by C. M. WENYON. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 523-45, portr., 1944.

E. ALIA

Baitsell, George A. (editor). Science in progress. Foreword by LORANDE Loss WOODRUFF. Fourth series. xvi+33I p., io6 illus. (The So- ciety of the Sigma Xi, National Lectureships, 1943 and 1944). New Haven, Yale University Press, 1945. $3.00.

These twelve chapters of the history of living science are written by twelve eminent specialists, so eminent that it suffices to name them. WALTER R. MILES deals with Psychological aspects of military aviation; DET- LEV W. BRONK, with The physical structure and biological action of nerve cells; SELIG HECHT, with Energy and vision; Orro LOEWI, with Chemical transmission of nerve impulses; GEORGE D. BIRKHOFF, with The mathematical nature of physical theories; PETER DEBYE, with The magnetic approach to the absolute

zero of temperature; HENRY EYRING, with The drift toward equilibrium; ISIDORE I. RABI, with Streams of atoms; K. C. D. HICKMAN, with Adventures in vacuum chemistry; C. A. ELVEHJEM, with Present status of the vitamin B complex; EDWIN J. COHN, with Blood and blood derivatives. A book as rich as this one needs no summary, or rather could hardly be summarized. It gives the reader a splendid introduction to many of the fundamental problems of our time. G. S.

Desch, Cecil H. FRANCIS SIDNEY MARVIN, I863-1943. Isis, 36, 7-9, portr., 1945.

Joffe, A. F. Development of the exact sciences in the U.S.S.R. p. 3-26. Translated by HENRY F. MINS, JR. New York, American Russian Institute, I943.

Kaempffert, Waldemar. Science, today and to- morrow. 279 p. New York, Viking, 1945.

Account of science in the making by the science editor of The New York Times.

[POPE, MILDRED KATHARINE]. Studies in French language and mediaeval literature. Presented to Professor MILDRED K. POPE by pupils, col- leagues and friends. xiv+429 p., 4 pls. Man- chester University Press, 1939.

Splendid gratulatory volume containing 35 memoirs none of which is of direct concern to the historian of science. G. S.

[Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur]. Memories and opinions: an unfinished autobiography by Q. Edited, with an introduction, by S. C. ROBERTS. xii+ Io6 p. Cambridge University Press; New York, Macmillan, 1945. $1.50.

Q (Sir ARTHUR QUILLER-COUCH) has left us in this fragment of the autobiography, which he was engaged in writing at the time of his death, the ultimate gift of a noble mind. Would that it had been ten times as long! As it is Q's I o6 pages are sheer delight. Q lived sensi- tively and transmuted his experience into a style which was the perfect vehicle of his thought. In writing of his childhood and youth, and of his Oxford days Q could write down in tranquillity those recollections of happy days in a style which had reached consummate perfection. It is a delicately limned work of art of a life which for the most part was lived as such. All readers of Q will want to keep it on their very special shelves. Those who have never known Q will want to read it for itself, and then be persuaded to go on to Q himself. M. F. A. M.

Schillp, Paul Arthur (editor). The philosophy of ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD. xviii+ 745 p. (The Library of Living Philosophers, 3). Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University Press, 1941I

Reviewed by LEO ROBERTS, Isis, 36, 78-81, 1945.



208 i. Antiquity to 2. Egypt

PART II

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

I. ANTIQUITY

I. ANTIQUITY (generalities)

Crahay, R. Les moralistes anciens et l'avorte- ment. L'Antiquite classique, 10, 9-23, 1941.

Forbes, R. J. Bibliographia antiqua. Phiosophia naturalis. 4895 items. Leiden, Nederlandsch Instituut van het Nabije Oosten, 1940-44.

Very rich bibliography of everything concerning ancient technology, the four parts published including no less than 4895 items. It is divided as follows: Part I (1940) Mining and geology. Part II (1942) Metal- lurgy. Part III (1944) Building materials. Part IV (I944) Pottery, faience, glass, glazes, beads. Each of these parts is subdivided, e.g., metallurgy which is by far the largest one (35I8 items) includes the following sections: generalities, tools and furnaces, methods and processes, gold, silver and lead, mercury; tin, antimony and arsenic; copper and copper alloys, iron (this is the largest section, 1366 items, and is itself divided into many subsections). Under each heading items are put in alphabetical order of authors, without critical notes. Dr. FORBES has given students of ancient science a new tool of great value, and he deserves the more credit for it because his work was largely done during the terrible years of German occupation of his country. Let us hope that his bibliography will finally be completed with elaborate indices which would increase its usefulness in many ways. G. S.

Forbes, R. J. The coming of iron. Ex Oriente Lux, Jaarbericht No. 9, 207-14, map. 1944.

"There is hardly a more knotty problem of ancient metallurgy than the origin and advent of iron metallurgy and this essay can hardly claim to be the last word on this problem. But if there ever was a problem of ancient metallurgy in which the technical aspect can give us the correct solution it is that of the coming of the Iron Age. For iron is a comparatively late metal as is clearly shown by the myths and magical practices of many peoples. Often iron seems to have been received with much suspicion, it is excluded or expressly forbidden for many rites and magical practices."

Neugebauer, Otto. The history of ancient astronomy. Problems and methods. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4, 1-38, I945.

"In the following pages an attempt is made to offer a survey of the present state of the history of ancient astronomy by pointing out relationships with various other problems in the history of ancient civilization and particularly by enumerating problems for further research which merit our interest not only because they constitute gaps in our knowledge of ancient astronomy but because they must be clarified in order to lay a solid foundation for the understanding of later periods."

Stengers, Jean. Essai d'une methode d'evaluation des sommes d'argent exprimees en mon- naies anciennes. Revue belge de phiologie et d'histoire, 20, 573-88, 1941.

2. EGYPT

Bingen, Jean. Une double date au debut du regne de PTOLEMEE II PHILADELPHE. (Stele de Pithom, ligne 7). Chronique d'Egypte, I7, 138-47, 1943.

Important for the study of the Egyptian calendar during the Ptolemaic period. G. S.

Brady, Thomas Allan. The reception of the Egyptian cults by the Greeks (330-30 B. C.). University of Missouri Studies, vol. IO, no. I, 88 p., illus., Columbia, Miss., 1935.

Capart, Jean. Astronomie egyptienne. Ciel et Terre, 58, IO6-07, 1942.

Capart, Jean. Chars a voile en Egypte. Chro- nique d'Egypte, i6, 205-07, 194I.

Capart, Jean. Est-il possible de determiner les etoiles des tableaux astronomiques egyptiens? Chronique d'Egypte, i6, 25I-52, 3 figs., 1941.

Capart, Jean. L'art egyptien. I. Choix de documents. II. La statuaire. III. Les arts graphiques. Bruxelles, Vromant, 1942.

Reviewed by CHARLES BOREUX, Chronique d'Egypte, i8, 248-50, 1943.

Celada, Benito. La philosophie egyptienne. Con- siderations generales. Chronique d'Egypte, 19,

68-73, 1944.

Coremans, P. Notes de laboratoire. Analyse d'une gomme-resine egyptienne. Chronique d'Egypte, i6, 101-04, 1941.

Cramer, Maria. Das altigyptische Lebenszeichen im koptischen (christlichen) Aegypten. 56 p., 56 figs., 53 photos. Vienna, 1942.

Reviewed by J. VERCOTE, Chronique d'Egypte, I,

33I-325 1943.

Drioton, Etienne. Recueil de cryptographie monumentale. Annales du Service des Intiquitis de l'Egypte, 40, 305-427,

Reviewed by CHRISTIANE DESROCHES NOBLECOURT,

Chlronique d'Egypte, I 9, 246-50, 1944.

Forbes, R. J. Imhotep. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 33, 769-73, 1940.

Galassi, G. Tehenu e le origini mediterranee della civilta egizia. Roma, 1942.

Reviewed by P. GILBERT, Chronique d'Egypte, I9,

253-54, I 944.



2. Egypt 209

Gilbert, Pierre. La poesie egyptienne. Bruxelles, Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, 1943.

Reviewed by FIRMIN VAN DEN BoSCH, Chronique d'Egypte, I8, 248, 1943.

Jonckheere, Frans. Autour de I'autopsie d'une momie. Le scribe BOUTEHAMON. 137 p., 6o figs. Bruxelles, Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, 1942.

Keimer, L. Etudes d'Egyptologie. Fasc. I, x+ 20 p., 2 figs., 1940; Fasc. II, 21 p., II pis., I9 figs-, 1940; Fasc. III, Vii+24 p-, I8 pls., 13 figs., 1941; Fasc. IV, 29 p., i6 figs., 1942; Fasc. V, 28 p., 2 pis., 1943; Fasc. VI, I5 p., 2 pis., IS figs., 1944; Fasc. VII, 52 p., 8 pls., 15 figs., 1945. Le Caire, Imprimerie de l'In- stitut fransais d'archeologie orientale.

The eminent Czech Egyptologist, Dr. KEIMER, has decided to publish separately his notes on many subjects, while preparing larger works, the most important of which will deal with the fauna and flora of ancient Egypt, of which he has obtained a profound knowledge. Part I includes his own bibliography from 1924 to 1940, Io6 items and two portraits; part II deals with lusus naturae which men of the New Empire have corrected or embellished; part III, with Theban ostraca covered with figures of persons or animals; part IV with Mustelidae (otter, badger, ictonyx); part V with roses in Roman and Coptic Egypt; the ancient Egyp- tians were not acquainted with the rose, their queen of flowers being the lotus (Nymphaea lotus, also N. caerulea) of which they have left innumerable repre- sentations; part VI with the orycteropus (aardvark); part VII, with snakes. This rapid enumeration cannot give an idea of the immense amount of information which the author has made available and which defies analysis. The parts are well printed and admirably illustrated. Let us hope that this valuable series may be continued without jeopardizing or delaying too long the author's major works, especially his encyclopaedia of the animals and plants of ancient Egypt. No other man is equipped as well as he is for that great under- taking. G. S.

Lange, H. 0.; Neugebauer, 0. Papyrus Carls- berg no I. Ein hieratisch-demotischer kosmo- logischer Text. Det Kongelige Danske Viden- skabernes Selskab. Historisk filologiske Skrifter, I, Copenhagen, I940.

Reviewed by JEAN CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte, x 6, 86-88, I194I1.

Lauer, Jean-Philippe. La geometrie dans les pyramides. Chronique d'Egypte, I9, I66-76, I fig., 1944.

Lichtheim, Miriam. The songs of the harpers. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4, 178-2I2,

7 PIS., 1945. Menghin, 0. Egipto y la peninsula hispanica.

Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas.

Extraits de Corona de estudios que la Sociedad espaniola de antropologia, etnografia y prehis- toria dedica a sus martires, I, I67-83, Madrid, Santa-Ollala, 1941.

Reviewed by ELIZABETH SACCASYN-DELLA SANTA, Chronique d'Egypte, I9, 89-90, 1944.

[Michigan papyri]. Volume V, Papyri from Tab- tunis, part II. Edited by ELINOR MULLErr HUSSELMAN, ARTHUR E. R. BOAK, WILLIAM F. EDGERTON. xx+446 p. Volume VI, Papyri and ostraca from Karanis. Edited by HERBERT CHAYYIM YOUTIE and ORSAMUS MERRILL PEARL. xxi+252 p., pis. (University of Michi- gan Studies, Humanistic Series, 29, 47). Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, I 944..

Reviewed by HENRY B. VAN HOESEN, American His- torical Review, 50, 5!2-14, I945. For additional information on the Michigan papyri see Isis, 34, zz.

Neugebauer, Otto. Again the Sothiac period. ifcta Orientalia, 19, 138-39, 1942.

Nilsson, Martin P. Nochmals der Ursprung des aigyptischen Jahres. dcta Orientlia, I9, I4, '94'.

Peremans, W.; Vergote, J. Papyrologisch Handboek. xx+330 P., I6 pIS., 2 maps. Katho- lieke Universiteit te Leuven, Philologische Stu- dien, I, 1942.

Reviewed by CLAIRE PRAAux, Chronique d'Egypte, I 7, I174-79, I1943.

Riefstahl, Elizabeth. Patterned textiles in Pha- raonic Egypt. 56 p., 56 figs., Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 1944.

Rosenvasser, A. Las ideas morales en el antiguo Egipto. 94 p., illus. Santa Fe, Instituto social, Universidad nacional del Litoral, 1938.

Reviewed by JEAN CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte, I6,

93, 1941.

Scharff, Alexander. Arch'aologische Beitriage zur Frage der Entstehung der Hieroglyphen- schrift. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen A4ka- demie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-histo- rische Abtg., H. 3, 1942. Munich, 1942.

Reviewed by JEAN CAPART, Chronique dEgypte, I7, 103-o6, 1943.

Stricker, B. H. La prison de JOSEPH. iCta Orientalia, I9, 101-37, 1942.

Reviewed by P. G., Chronique d'Egypte, I 7, 117-1S, 1943. Apropos of IMHOTEP. G. S.

Vandier, Jacques. Note sur le transport du colosse d'el Bersheh. Chronique dEgypte, I8, I85-9o, 2 figs-, 1943-



2IO 2. Egypt to 4. Greece

"On s'est souvent demande comment les anciens Egyp- tiens, avec les moyens primitifs dont ils disposaient, ont pu transporter, d'une carriere souvent eloignee a leur place definitive, les monuments colossaux qu'ils sem- blent avoir aime's tout particulierement. La presente note n'a pas pour objet de resoudre, d'une maniere concluante, ce difficile probleme, mais de preciser, autant que possible, un des procedes utilises par les anciens pour deplacer leurs colosses de pierre."

Volten, Aksel. Demotische Traumdeutung (Pap. Carlsberg XIII und XIV verso). Copen- hagen, inalecta Aegyptiaca, 3, I942.

Reviewed by JEAN CAPART, Chronique d'Egypte, i8, 259-63, 1943.

Wood, Lynn H. The Kahun papyrus and the date of the twelfth dynasty (with a chart). Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 99, 5-9, 1945.

3. BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA

Chiera, Edward (i885-1933). Les tablettes babyloniennes. Preface de G. CONTENAU. 233 p., 7 figs., 32 pls. (Bibliotheque historique). Paris, Payot, 1939-40.

Translation of "They wrote on clay," an excellent introductory treatise published by the University of Chicago in 1938.

Contenau, Georges. Le deluge babylonien. Ish- tar aux enfers. La tour de Babel. 295 p., 52 figs., 8 pls. (Bibliotheque historique). Paris, Payot, c. 1942.

Reviewed by R. FURON, Revue generale des sciences, 52, 57, 1942.

Kramer, S. N. Sumerian literary texts from Nip- pur in the Museum of the Ancient Orient at Istanbul. 47 p., 94 pls. (The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 23, for 1943-1944). New Haven, American Schools of Oriental Research, 1944.

The importance of KRAMER'S edition of Sumerian texts of great antiquity (c. 2000 B.C.) was already emphasized in Isis, 35, 248. The present volume contains the transcription of I67 items in the Istanbul Museum, together with brief descriptions of each item in Turk- ish and English. The tablets now published were discovered in Nippur by the University of Pennsylvania expedition half a century ago. Their publication by a Philadelphia scholar is thus natural enough, though the availability of Dr. KRAMER'S genius and devotion could not have been foreseen. G. S.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. A Sumerian "Para- dise" myth. Crozer Quarterly, 22, 207-20,

I945- Why was Eve created out of Adam's rib? Why out

of a rib? In Sumerian nin-ti means the lady of the rib,

but ti means to make live. Now Eve's name (hauwak)' means in Hebrew she who makes live. In Sumerian literature " 'the Lady of the rib' came to be identified with 'the Lady who makes live' through what may be termed a play on words. It was this, one of the most ancient examples of paronomasia, which was probably carried over and perpetuated in the biblical Paradise story, although here, of course, it loses its validity, since in Hebrew the word for 'rib' and that for 'to make live> have nothing in common."

[LEWY, HILDEGARD]. A propos of Babylonian metrology. By HILDEGARD LEWY. Rejoinder by A. J. SACHS. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 98, 25-27, 1945.

Neugebauer, Otto. Magnitudes of lunar eclipses in Babylonian mathematical astronomy. (Stud- ies in ancient astronomy, 7). Isis, 36, 10-15, 6 figs., 1945.

"When F. X. KUGLER'S monumental work 'Die Baby- lonische Mondrechnung" appeared in I900, it presented for the first time an insight into the methods and achievements of Babylonian astronomy of the Hellen- istic age. Continued research made it increasingly clear that the Babylonian lunar theory is equalled only in the best works of Greek mathematical astronomy. The results reached in the present article point in exactly the same direction. It is the purpose of this study to show that several features in the Babylonian theory of eclipses are the results of a common methodological idea which in itself is of great historical interest."

Oppenheim, A. Leo; Hartman, Louis F. The domestic animals of ancient Mesopotamia according to the XIIIth tablet of the series Har.ra= hubull'u. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4,

152-77, 1945.

Oppenheim, A. L. The Neo-Babylonian week again. Bulletin of the American Schools of Orien- tal Research, no. 97, 27-29, 1945.

Thureau-Dangin, F. L'origine de l'algebre. Alcad. des Inscript. et B.-Lettres, C. R. des seances de l'annee 1940, 292-3I8.

4. GREECE

Andrissi, G. L. Su alcuni punti controversi dell' astronomia antica. Scientia, 72, 1-13, 1942.

Bidez, J. La metapsychique dans l'antiquite. L'Intiquite classique, I0, 89-90, 1941.

Boyer, Carl B. Quantitative science without measurement: the physics of ARISTOTLE and ARCHIMEDES. Scientific Monthly, 60, 358-64, '945-

Lammert, Friedrich. Hellenistische Medizin bei PTOLEMAIOS und NEMESIOS. Ein Beitrag



4. Greece to 6. Middle Ages 211

zur Geschichte der christlichen Anthropologie. Philologus. Zeitschr. f. d. Klass. Altertum, 104, 125-41, 1940.

Perdrizet, Paul. Le jeu alexandrin de l'icosaedre. Bulletin de lInstitut franfais d'archeologie orientale, 30, i-i6, 2 pis., Le Caire, 193I.

Saa, Mario. Erridania. A geografia mais antiga do Ocidente, o mundo atlantidico, o mundo argonautico, o mundo erridanico. 302 p., maps. Lisboa, Sociedade "Astoria", no date on cover or title-page (colophon: Oct. I9, 1936).

The "erridanicus" world is so called after the god Eridanos, king of rivers, first mentioned in HESIOD. The author's discussion is based on HANNO'S Periplus (V B.C.) and on the Ora maritima of AVIENUS (IV-2), our only source for HIMILCO'S voyage (V B.C.). The book is illustrated with many large "interpretative" maps. G. S.

Sayre, Farrand. Greek cynicism. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 113-I8, 1945.

Van der Waerden, B. L. Die Astronomie der Pythagoreer und die Entstehung des geozen- trischen Weltbildes. Die Himmelswelt, 5', 97- 103, I fig.; 114-19, 7 figs., 1941.

Winslow, Charles-Edward A.; Bellinger, R. R. Hippocratic and Galenic concepts of metabolism. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 127-37, 1945.

II. MIDDLE AGES

6. MIDDLE AGES (generalities)

Brooke, Z. N. The prospects of medieval history. 32 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1945.

Reviewed in American Historical Review, 5S, 147, 1945.

Cassidy, Frank P. Molders of the medieval mind: the influence of the fathers of the church on the medieval schoolmen. viii+ 194 P. St. Louis, Herder, 1944.

Reviewed by F. DUNCALF, American Historical Re- view, 5o, 831, 1945-

Chauvel, A. Etude sur la taille des pierres au moyen age. Bulletin monumental, 93, 435-50, 22 figs., I pl., I934.

Ellinwood, Leonard. Ars musica. Speculum, 20, 290-99, I945-

Hermannsson, Halldor (editor). The Vinland sagas, edited with an introduction, variants and notes. xiv+75 p. ("Islandica," 30). Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell Univ. Press, 1944.

Reviewed by F. P. MAGOUN, JR., Speculum, 20, 355-

57, '945-

Hughes, Muriel Joy. Women healers in medieval life and literature. i 8o p. New York, King's Crown Press, I943.

Reviewed by LOREN C. MACKINNEY, American His- torical Review, 5Ix 147-48, 1945.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. The School of Salerno. Its development and its contribution to the history of learning. Bulletin of the History of Medi- cine, 17, I38-94, I945.

Lamm, Carl Johan. Oriental glass of mediaeval date found in Sweden and the early history of lustre-painting. 114 p., 24 pls., i8 figs. (Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar, 50). Stockholm, Wahlstrom and Widstrand, 194 1 .

Reviewed by D. B. HARDEN, Antiquity, I 9, I 6o, I 945.

McNeill, John T.; Gamer, Helena M. Me- dieval handbooks of penance. A translation of the principal libri poenitentiales and selections from related documents. xiv+476 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1938.

Most of the documents dealt with are early medieval, i.e., from the Vth century to the Xth century. They are valuable for the history of superstitions and of the repression of paganism, and their use is facilitated by an elaborate index. One of the appendices contains an eighth-century list of superstitions. The book is an excellent introduction to the study of penitentials, not only those here published, but the many others published elsewhere, e.g., by F. W. H. WASSERSCHLEBEN (185I) and H. J. ScHMITZ (1883) and the whole literature ad hoc. G. S.

Rey, Agapito; Solalinde, Antonio Garcia. Ensayo de una bibliografia de las leyendas troy- anas en la literatura espaniola. 103 p. (Indiana University Publications, Humanities series, no. 6). Bloomington, Indiana, I942.

Reviewed by C. R. B. COMBELLACK, Speculum, 20X 122-25, 1945.

Thorndike, Lynn. ALFODHOL and ALMADEL

once more. Speculum, 20, 88-9I, 1945.

Thorndike, Lynn. University records and life in the Middle Ages. xvii+476 p. (Records of Civilization -Sources and Studies, no. 38). New York, Columbia University Press, I944.

Collection of 176 notes or documents in chronological order from PETER ABAELARD (XII-I) to the seventeenth century. Though the anthology covers six centuries, more than three quarters of the items concern the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In appendix: I. De commendatione cleri, an anonymous text discussing educational ideals and practice about the middle of the fourteenth century (p. 201-35, 409-33); II. Foun-



212 6. Middle Ages to 8. Asia

dation and location of colleges at Paris in the later Middle Ages, with map. A precious anthology well indexed. G. S.

Trouvelot, Jean. Remarques sur la technique des sculpteurs du moyen age. Bulletin monumental, 95, 103-o8, 6 figs., 1936.

Usher, Abbot Payson. The early history of deposit banking in Mediterranean Europe. Vol- ume I, xx+649 P. (Harvard Economic Studies, 75). Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by EUGENE H. BYRNE, American Historical Review, So, 520-21, 1945.

Wolfson, Harry A. Colcodea. Jewish Quarterly Review, 36, I79-82, I945.

The term colcodea was introduced in scholastic philosophy by NIPHus in his commentary on AVERROES' Destruction of the destruction (I497) with the meaning dans formam or dator formarum. It is derived from the Persian kad-khuda, master of the house. That word like its Greek equivalent (oikodespotes) was used in an astrological sense. A man received his form or his soul from the master of the zodiacal house which had pre- sided at the time of his birth. It is strange that the Persian letters kaf and kha'i became qof in Hebrew.

G. S.

7. BYZANTIUM

Der Nersessian, Sirarpie. Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. A brief study of Armenian art and civilization. Preface by HENRI GRE- GOIRE. xxi+ I48 p., 32 pls. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, I945. $3.00.

As explained in GREGOIRE'S spirited French preface, the five lectures grouped in this volume were first delivered (in French) at the Pierpont Morgan Library in 1942. They deal respectively with Armenian history, ecclesiastical controversies, architecture, sculpture, painting (chiefly illustrations in MSS). The author speaking with the authority of ancestral and personal experience gives as full an account of those matters as is possible in so few pages. The 32 plates illustrating her book reproduce artistic treasures of Greater Armenia or some of those preserved in Venice, Jerusalem, Balti- more (Walters), Washington (Freer), and New York (Pierpont Morgan). She explains the exchanges of influences between Byzantium and Armenia, avoiding the exaggerations of the late JOSEF STRZYGOWSKI (I862-1941). While reading this book and the proofs of my own Introduction (vol. III), I often wished that we had an Armenian Encyclopaedia (comparable to the Encyclopaedia of Islam) where all the information already published in Armenian, Western, Russian, Georgian and Greek sources would be collected. That would be a fine project for the ACLS to sponsor and a magnificent way of expressing our admiration and love for the Armenian people, who have done so much and been treated so ill. It is true the Armenians did very little for science. Miss DER NERSESSIAN speaks (p. 2 7) of one GREGORY MAGISTROS (fl. Constantinople 1045)

who translated into Armenian the Timaeos and Phedon, and began to translate EUCLID's Elements, but such efforts were rare if not unique, and left hardly any trace. NERSES THE GRACEFUL (XII-2) represents more faithfully the ideal of Armenian learning. The Arme- nian people claim that the Gospel was first preached in their country by the apostles THADDEUS and BARTHOLO- MEW; the Greeks considering St. GREGORY the Illumi- nator as the founder of Armenian Christianity in 301 wished to maintain that the Armenian see was a suffra- gan of Caesarea of Cappadocia and thus place the Arme- nian church in the hierarchical dependency of the Greek one. Readers will do well to glance through the index before trying to use it, for it was compiled in a singular way. G. S.

Lopez, Robert Sabatino. Silk industry in the Byzantine Empire. Speculum, 20, 1-42, 1945.

Tardo, Lorenzo. L'antica melurgia bizantina. Nell'interpretazione della scuola monastica di Grottaferrata. xxi+402 p. (Collezione Meridi- onale diretta da U. ZANOTTI-BIANCO, serie III). Grottaferrata, S. Nilo, I938.

With 29 plates reproducing admirable examples of musical palaeography and many other facsimiles. Many theoretical texts of Byzantine melurgia are reproduced, also a dozen liturgical songs of the Greco-Albanian colonies of Italy. G. S.

III. ORIENTAL SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION

8. AsiA (generalities)

Mansoor, M. The story of Irish Orientalism. With a foreword by R. M. GWVYNN. 67 P., illus. Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, I944 (5/-).

Popular account of the history of Orientalism in Ire- land written by an Arabic speaking alumnus of Trinity College, Dublin. G. S.

WESTERN AsIA

(including "The ancient East" in general)

Bauer, Hans. Der Ursprung des Alphabets. 45 P., 13 Pbs. (Der alte Orient, 36). Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1937.

Reviewed by F. THUREAU-DANGIN, Revue d'assyrio- logie, 34, 193, 1937.

Froehner, Reinh. Bruchstiucke eines altph6ni- zischen Pferdearzneibuches (14. Jh. v. Chr.). Dtsch. tierirztl. Wschr., 42, 826-27, 1934.

Popplow, Ulrich. Pferd und Wagen im Alten Orient. 72 P., 49 figs. Berlin, I934.

CENTRAL AsIA

Barger, Evart. Some problems of Central Asian exploration. Geographical Journal, 103, 1-18, 1944.



8. Assa 213

Archaeological problems of Bactria. Greco-Buddhist archaeology 'is the chief source for the cultural history of Afghanistan for five centuries, and, enigmatic as it is, it points with singular clarity to Bactria as the step- ping-stone in the passage of Buddhism and Buddhist art from the Indus to the oases of the Tarim Basin and China.' C. W. A.

Barthold, W. Verlesungen iuber die Geschichte der Tiirken Mittelasiens. Deutsche Bearbeitung von TH. MENZEL. iii+278 p. (Beiband zu Die Welt des Islams, 14-17). Berlin, Deutsche Gesellsch. f. Islamkunde, 1935.

Codrington, K. deB. A geographical introduction to the history of Central Asia. Geographical Journal, 104, 27-40, 73-91, 1944.

Communications between China, Iran and India chiefly in Hellenistic and early medieval times, and mainly through the Hindu Kush region. 'Both the number and quality of the monuments with which we are faced, as well as the precise documents of Chinese diplomacy, clearly indicate that at any rate some of the peoples, who straddled the continent and crossed the great Asiatic divide, were other than uncultured bar- barians. Central Asia is not a hiatus in civilization. We confess our own ignorance when we write it off as merely nomadic.' C. W. A.

Evans-Wentz, W. Y. Das tibetanische Toten- buch aus der englischen Fassung des Lama KAzI DAWA SAMDUP, hrsg., iubersetzt u. eingeleitet von LOUISE G6PFERT-MARCH. Mit einem psy- chologischen Kommentar von C. G. JUNG. 163 p., fig. Zurich, Rascher-Verlag, I935.

Evans-Wentz, W. Y. Tibetan Yoga and secret doctrines, or seven books of wisdom of the great path, according to the late lama KAZI DAWA- SAMDUP'S English rendering, arranged and edited with introductions and annotations to serve as a commentary. With foreword by R. R. MARETT. Xxiv+ 389 p., figs. Oxford Uni- versity Press, I935.

Kingdon-Ward, F. Plant hunting and exploration in Tibet. Nature, I38, 5i6, I936.

Ligeti, Louis. Ouvrages tibetains rediges 'a l'usage de CSOMA. T'oung Pao, 30, 26-36, I933.

Liuders, Heinrich. Textilien im alten Turkistan. 38 p. (tibhandl. d. Preuss. ikad. d. Wiss., phil.-hist. KI., 3). Berlin, de Gruyter, I936.

Mukherjee, Girindra Nath. The Tibetan surgical instruments. Journal of Ayurveda, 5-I5,

I933.

Nazaroff, Pavel Stepanovich. Moved on! From Kashgar to Kashmir. Rendered into Eng- lish from the Russian manuscript of the author

by MALCOLM BURR. Illustrated. London, Al- len and Unwin, 1935.

Thomas, F. W. Tibetan literary texts and documents concerning Chinese Turkestan. Selected and translated. Part I: Literary texts. x+323 p. (Oriental translation fund, 32). London, Royal Asiatic Society, 1936.

Toussaint, Gustave-Charles. Le dict de Pad- ma. Padma Thang Yig. MS. de Lithang. Tra- duit du Thibetain. 540 p. (Bibliotheque de l'Institut des hautes etudes chinoises, 3). Paris, Leroux, 1933.

Tucci, Giuseppe: Santi e briganti nel Tibet ignoto. xv+190 p., 268 fig., 154 PI., i map. (Diario della spedizione nel Tibet occidentale I1935). Milan, Hoepli, 1937.

Unkrig, Wilhelm A. Die Drogen und Arzneien der Tibeter in einheimischer Klassifikation. Schering-Kahlbaum med. Mitt., 7, 190-94, 1936.

Unkrig, Wilhelm A. Zur Terminologie der lamaistischen Medizin, besonders ihrer Arzneien. Forsch. und Fortschr., 12, 265-66, 1936.

Walsh, E. H. C. Tables of reference to Tibetan dictionaries. Journal of the Royal dsiatic Society, 87-89, 2 tables, 1945.

EAsrERN ASiA

(Including works relative to the whole of Buddhist Asia, or to India, Central and Eastern Asia com- bined.)

Ch'iu, A. K'ai-ming. A classification scheme for Chinese and Japanese books. With the assistance of H. Y. FENG and ZUNVAIR YUE. xxiV+362

p. Washington, D. C., American Council of Learned Societies (preliminary lithoprint edition), I943. $2.50.

Explanation and very detailed account of the system of bibliography used by Harvard-Yenching, a thorough modernization of the old ssu-ku or quadrivium (classics, philosophy, history, belles-lettres). The introductory chapter explains the development of classification in China from z6 B.C. to our days, and in Japan from the ninth century on, as well as the genesis of the Har- vard-Yenching system. The following chapters describe the division of each of the nine classes: (IOO-999)

Chinese classics, ( ooo-i- 999) Philosophy and religion, (2000-3999) Historical sciences, (4000-4999) Social sciences, (5000-5999) Language and literature, (6ooo- 6999) Fine and recreative arts, (7000-7999) Natural sciences, (8000-8999) Agriculture and technology, (900o-9999) Generalia and bibliography. The work is the fruit of devoted labor and considerable experience.

G. S.



214 8. Asia to 9. India

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Elements of Buddhist iconography. iv+95 p., I5 pIs., 9 figs. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, I935.

Gulik, H. van. Hayagriva. The Mantray'anic aspect of horsecult in China and Japan. viii+ I05 p., I4 figs. (Internationales Archiv fiur Ethnographie, Suppl. zu Bd. 33). Leiden, Brill, I935.

Hunter, Dard. A papermaking pilgrimage to Japan, Korea and China. I50 p., frontispiece, figs., specimens. New York, Pynson Printers, 1936.

Kuhn, Alfred. Berichte fiber den Weltanfang bei den Indochinesen und ihren Nachbarv6lkern. Ein Beitrag zur Mythologie des Fernen Ostens. Vi+I76 p. Leipzig, Harrassowitz, I935.

Lounsbery, Grace Constant. Buddhist medita- tion in the Southern School: theory and practice for Westerners. With a foreword by W. Y. EVANS-WENTZ. xviii+ I63 p. London, Kegan Paul, I935.

Also published in French by Maisonneuve (Paris 1935).

9. INDIA

Acharya, P. K. Architecture of Manasara. Translated from the original Sanskrit. Vol. i,

lix+79I+II p.; vol. 2, 7I pl., I57 ills. Lon- don, Oxford University Press, I934.

Reviewed by H. HARGREAVES, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 777-79, 1935.

Altekar, Anant Sadasiv. Education in ancient India. viii+386 p. Benares, Indian Book-shop, I934.

Reviewed by H. E. STAPLETON, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 102-04, 1936.

Bapat, P. V. Unidentified sources of the Vimut- timagga. (Some Indian medical works). 1n- nals of the Bhandakar Oriental Research Insti- tute Poona, I5, 207-II, I933-34.

Barua, B. M. Bhela-Samhita. Its antiquity and importance as a medical treatise. Indian Culture, I 90-94, I 936.

Biswas, Praphullachandra. Concepts of disease among the primitive people of India. 28 p. Uni- versity of Calcutta, Journal of the Dept. of Let- ters, 25, I934.

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Headless magi- cians; and an act of truth. Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 64, 2 I 5-I 7, 1944.

Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. The symbolism of archery. Ars Islamica, IO, I05-I9, I943.

Doreau, Jean-Louis. Les bains dans l'Inde an- tique. Monuments et textes medicaux. I31 P. Paris, Maisonneuve, I936.

Drenckhahn, Friedrich. Zur Zirkulatur des Quadrats und Quadratur des Kreises in den gul- vasu'tra. Jahresber. d. deutsch. Math.-Vereinig.,

46, I-I3, I936.

Edgerton, Franklin. The Bhagavad Gitt. Translated and interpreted. Part I: Text and translation, xiv+ 190 p. Part 2: Interpretation and ARNOLD'S translation, i 8o p. (Harvard Oriental Series, 38 and 39). Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, I944.

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 36, 71-73, 2 figs., 1945.

Filliozat, Jean. La force organique et la force cosmique dans la philosophie medicale de l'Inde et dans le Veda. Rev. philos. de la France et de P'ttranger, i i6, 4I0-29, I933.

Getty, Alice. Ganes'a. A monograph on the elephant-faced god. With an introduction by AL- FRED FOUCHER. xxviii+ I03 P., 40 pls., 8 figs. Oxford, Clarendon Press, I936.

[GUPTA, MAHENDRANATH (I855-I932)]. The Gospel of Sri RAMAKRISHNA. Translated into English with an introduction Swami NIKHILA- NANDA. xxiii+ IO63 p., 24 ills. New York, Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, 1942.

Sri RAMAKRISHNA was born in Kamarpukur, a vil- lage in the Hooghly district of Bengal on Feb. I8, I836. Even as a child he showed evidences of extraordinary abstraction and otherworldliness. His religious life was spent in the Kali temple at Dakshineswar, near Calcutta, on the East bank of the Ganges. He died of cancer in Cossipore near Calcutta, experiencing his final trance, mahasamatdhi, on August I6, I886. Two of his many disciples deserve special mention in this brief note, the first, NARENDRANATH DUTTA better known to the Western world as SWiami VIVEKANANDA (I863-1902), the first Vedanta apostle in America, the second, MAHENDRANATH GUPTA, a member of the Brahmo Samaj (Isis 3, 428-29), head master of a Calcutta high school, who spent five years with the Master (I882-86) and wrote in Bengali a most detailed account of his interviews with him (five vols. I897- 1932). The present volume is an almost complete and literal translation of the Bengali work, unique in the religious literature of the world. It is of very great interest for the understanding not only of Hinduist India, but also of mysticism in general. G. S.

Hemmy, A. S. The weight standards of ancient Indian coins. Journal of the Royal Asiatic So- ciety, I-26, 8 figs., 1937.



9. India to z o. China 215

Hilgenberg, Luise. Die kosmographische Epi- sode im Mahabharata und Padmapurana. Text- geschichtlich dargestellt. liv+40 p. (Bonner orientalistische Studien, hrsg. v. P. KAHLE U. W. KIRFEL, H. 4). Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1933.

La Touche, Theo. W. Diamonds of Golconda. Asiatic Review, 41, 280-84, 1945.

Mookerjee, Satkari. The Buddhist philosophy of universal flux. An exposition of the philosophy of critical realism as expounded by the school of Dignaga. xiv+448 p. Calcutta, University of Calcutta, I935.

Reviewed by C. A. RHYs DAVIDS, Journal of the Royal A siatic Society, 517-I8, I1937.

Muller, Reinhold F. G. Altindische Psychiatrie. Mschr. Psychiatr., 92, 23 1-42, 1935.

Miiller, Reinhold F. G. On the heart in ancient Indian medicine. Ayurveda, II, 5-12, 45-52, 94-102, Calcutta, 1935.

Mukhopadhyaya, Dhirendranath. The evec- tion and the variation of the moon in Hindu astronomy. BuUl. Calcutta Math. Society, 22,

I2I-32, 1930.

[RAMAKRISHNA, Sri (I836-86)]. Life of Sri RAMAKRISHNA. Compiled from various authentic sources. viii+6I7 P., 32 Is. Advaita Ash- rama, Mayavati, Almora, Himalayas, 1936.

This is the fourth (centenary) edition of a book first published at the end of 1924 with a preface by Mahatma GANDHI. It is derived primarily from the extensive Bengali biography in 5 vols. by Swami SARADANANDA and from other Bengali sources such as the Gospel of Sri RAMAKRISHNA by Baba MAHENDRA NATH GuPTA. This life of the famous Hindu yogi reads like that of a mediaeval Christian saint. It will enable students to understand the spiritual climate of modern India. I read with special interest the chapters on MAHENDRA NATH GuPTA, on KESHAB CHANDRA SEN and the Brahmo Samaj (Isis 3, 428-29). See the note above under Gupta, M. G. S.

Reddy, D. V. Subba. Antiquity of syphilis (ven- ereal diseases) in India. Indian Journal of Ven- ereal Diseases, 2, 40 p., 1936.

Rhys Davids, Mrs. C. A. F. The birth of In- dian psychology and its development in Bud- dhism. A rewritten and enlarged edition of "Buddhist psychology," published in "The Quest" series (London 19I4). xii+444 p. London, Luzac, I936.

Scherman, Lucian. India and KROEBER'S configurations of culture growth. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 65, 133-44, 1945.

Seth, Mesrovb Jacob. Armenians in India from the earliest times to the present day. xv+ 629 p. Calcutta, The Author, 9 Marsden St., 1937.

Reviewed by E. D. MACLAGAN, Journal of the Royal A siatic Society, 446-47, I1938.

Shah, Shantilal. The traditional chronology of the Jains. An outline of the political development of India from 543 B.C. to 78 A.D. vii+ 97 P. (Bonner orientalistische Studien, H. 9). Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1935.

Sigerist, Henry E. The need for an institute for the history of medicine in India. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, II3-26, 1945.

Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. Modern Islam in India, a social analysis. vii+399 p. Lahore, Minerva Book Shop, 1943.

Reviewed by ARTHUR JEFFREY, Moslem World, 35, I58-59, 1945.

Wadia, D. N. Thirty years of science in India. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asi- atic Society, 35, 153-58, 1943.

Wekkerling, Adolf. Anandarayamakhl: Das Gliuck des Lebens. Medizinisches Drama. Zum ersten Male aus dem Sanskrit ins Deutsche uiber- setzt. 251 p., 2 figs. (Arbeiten der deutsch- nordischen Gesellschaft f. Gesch. d. Med., d. Zahnheilkunde u. d. Naturw.). Greifswald, Bamberg, 1937.

Winstedt, Sir Richard. Indian influence in the Malay world. Journal of the Royal Asiatic So- ciety, I86-96, 2 pls., I944.

10. CHINA

Bounakoff, George. The oracle bones from Honan. 107 p. Leningrad, Academy of Sci- ences of the U.S.S.R., 1935 (in Russian).

Reviewed in Journal of the American Oriental So- ciety, 56, 376-77, 1936.

Cable, Mildred; French, Francesca. The Gobi Desert. i+303 p., ill., maps. New York, Macmillan, 1944.

Reviewed by M. F. A. M., Isis, 36, 71, 1945.

Chalfant, Frank H.; Britton, Roswell S. The Couling-Chalfant collections of inscribed oracle bones. Drawn by FRANK H. CHALFANT. Edited by ROSWELL S. BRrTTON. iii+ I32 p. Shanghai, Commercial Press, 1935.

Reviewed by L. C. HOPKINS, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 325, 1937; and by HERRLEE GLESSNER CREEL, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 56, 528-29, 1936.



216 i0o Chinw

Chao Buwei Yang. How to cook and eat in Chinese. XViii+ 262 p., 7 figs. New York, John Day, 1945 ($3.50).

This is not simply an excellent cook book but a witty contribution to a better understanding of the Chinese people. The book has been honored with two stimulating prefaces, by Dr. Hu SHIH and Miss PEARL BUCK. The original names of the dishes are given in Chinese script at the end of the book. The author -who is an M.D. - believes in preventive medicine and that one of the best ways of keeping people in good health is to feed them sensibly; this is the wife and mother's main responsibility. She has been sometimes helped by her husband, Dr. CHAO YUEN REN, Chinese lexico- grapher, phonetist, and musician. His collaboration was, I believe, deeper than appears at the surface and very effective. Indeed, music is essential for good cook- ing which is very largely a matter of harmony. G. S.

Chin P'ing Mei, the adventurous history of Hsi Men and his six wives; with an introduction by ARTHUR WALEY. [English translation by BER- NARD MIALL from the abridged version by FRANZ KUHN.] xxii+852 p. London, Lane, 1939. Vol. I, xxii+427 p.; vol. II, vi+429 p. New York, Putnam's, I940.

Reviewed by H. BRUCE COLLIER, Isis, 35, 344-46, I944.

Chou Yi-liang. Tantrism in China. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 8, 241-332, 1945.

Dubs, Homer H. Chinese imperial designations. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 65, 26-33, 1945.

Egerton, Clement. The golden lotus. A translation, from the Chinese original, of the novel Chin Ping Mei. Vol. I, xvii+387 p.; vol. IL, 376 p.; vol. III, 385 P.; vol. IV, 375 p. Lon- don, Routledge, 1939.

Reviewed by H. BRUCE COLLIER, Isis, 35, 344-46, 1944.

Fung Yu-Ian. A history of Chinese philosophy. Translated by DERK BODDE. 454 P. Peiping, Vetch, I937.

Reviewed by J. K. SHRYOCK, Journal of the Amer- ican Oriental Society, s8, 488-92, 1938.

Giles, Lionel. Six centuries at Tunhuang. A short account of the Stein collection of Chinese MSS. in the British Museum. 5o p., 8 pls. (China Society Sinological Series, 2). London, China Society, I944.

In 1907 the late Sir AUREL STEIN discovered an enormous Chinese library (some I 3,500 paper rolls) in the Ch'ien-fo-tung (Caves of the Thousand Buddhas) in the Tunhuang oasis on the border of Kansu; that library must have been walled up soon after iooo A.D.; STEIN managed to buy a large part of the collection. In the following year the French sinologist, PAUL

PELLIOT, made a careful selection from the remainder. The cream of the whole collection is now thanks to their efforts in London and Paris. The British Museum share includes some 7,000 MSS, plus I6 printed documents. Its catalogue has been completed by GILES but is not yet published; the present book is a general description giving one a fair idea of that astounding collection. "The earliest date on any of the MSS. is 406, and the latest 995. It is possible, though not very likely, that one or two of the undated MSS. may be a little earlier than 406, and quite probable that some may be later than 995. At any rate, the whole period covered is approximately that of the Dark Ages in Europe, that is, from the fifth century, when the Roman Empire was crumbling, to the eleventh, when the Mid- dle Ages began to develop their own culture. It is a stretch of time equal to that which has elapsed between the battle of Crecy and the present day. And, without even reckoning the other MSS. that have gone to Paris or Peking, there is a dated document, on the average, for more than every alternate year. Such an unbroken sequence is hardly to be paralleled in any other literature of the past." The printed documents include a copy of the Diamond suitra dated 868, the earliest printed book known (Introd., I, 604); it is a roll I7Y2 feet long; a shorter roll, a copy of the Kuan Yin siutra, is probably earlier, but undated; it is the most beautiful of those early printed texts. 85 p.c. of the MSS are Buddhist, 3 p.c. Taoist, x2 p.c. secular. There are two Manichaean rolls. The best paper and best script were used in the documents of the Sui dynasty and the first century of the T'ang. Texts of scientific interest are rare, calendars and a few medical writings. One of the calendars dated 956, comprises only 354 days; in that calendar every seventh day is marked with the character mi (MITHRAS). Some rolls are of geographical interest, others contain the results of censuses (the oldest dated 4i6), others models of letter-writing, others, dictionaries or lists of various kinds. This excellent introduction to the catalogue (to be published after the war) includes a bibliography of 34 items, many of which are devoted to the discussion of separate documents. The paintings which STEIN brought back from Tunhuang were divided between the British Mu- seum and the Museum of Delhi (catalogue by A. WALEY, London 1931I). G. S.

Hetherington, A. L. Chinese ceramic glazes. X+76 p., I4 Pps. (Courtauld Institute of Art). Cambridge, University Press, 1937.

Reviewed by G. T. MORGAN, Nature, I40, 382, 1937.

Hopkins, L. C. The Shaman or Chinese Wu: his inspired dancing and versatile character. Journal of the Royal siatic Society, 3-I6, I945.

Kibat, Artur. Djin Ping Meh, der chinesische Sittenroman. Unter weitgehender Mitwirkung von ARTUR KIBAT, aus dem ungekiirzten chinesischen Urtext iibersetzt, und mit Erlaute- rungen versehen von OTTo KIBAT. Vol. I, 283 P., 1928; vol. II, 350 p., 1932 [Incomplete]. Gotha, Engelhart, Reyher Verlag.

Reviewed by H . BRUCE COLLIER, Isis, 35, 344-46, 1944.



Io. China 2I7

Kuhn, Franz. King Ping Meh, oder die aben- teuerliche Geschichte von Hsi Men und seinen sechs Frauen. 920 p. Leipzig, Insel-Verlag, 1930.

Reviewed by H. BRUCE COLLIER, Isis, 35, 344-46, 1944.

Legge, James (I815-97). The four books. Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, and The Works of Mencius. With English translation and notes. 1014 p. South Pasadena, Cal., Perkins. $5.oo.

This is simply a facsimile reprint of LEGGE'S old edition, some parts of which have long been out of print. It does not replace that edition, because LEGGE'S introductions are left out. A new and complete facsimile with an account of LEGGE'S life and work is much to be desired, and I hope will soon be published. This kind of facsimile offered to the reader, without warning, as if it were a new book, all marks of identification of the original edition being carefully omitted, is too easy and too much like a larceny. I suppose it is legal, but it is not honorable. G. S.

Leroi-Gourhan, Andre. Bestiaire du bronze chinois de style Tcheou. 45 p., 72 figs. Paris, Les Editions d'art et d'histoire, 1937.

Reviewed in Revue des arts asiatiques, II, 512 1937.

Licent, Emile (S. J.). Hoang ho -Pai ho. Comptes rendus de onze annees (1923-1933) de sejour et d'exploration dans le bassin du Fleuve Jaune, du Pai Ho, et des autres tribu- taires du golfe du Pei Tcheu ly. 3 vols., i o6 i p., 77 maps. (Publications du Musee Hoang Ho-Pai Ho, no. 38). Tientsin, Mission de Sienhsien, 1936.

Reviewed by EUGENE A. GOLOMSHTOK, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 57, 449-51, 1937.

Lin Yueh-Hwa. The golden wing. A family chronicle. iii+ 175 p. (mimeographed). New York, International Secretariat, Institute of Pa- cific Relations, 1944. $2.00.

"Several important studies of the Chinese family have been made or are under way; but none of them reveal as much of the inner springs of its operations and of its adaptation to modern needs as does the present chronicle. The form of presentation is unusual but will not on that count, it is hoped, lead scholars to reject the scientific purposes and character of this work. The method adopted obviously is that of 'participant observation.' Although it may not be possible to identify the author definitely with one of the sons of the patriarch DUNGLIN, there is enough internal evidence of his intimate connection with the family and with the events through which it passed roughly from about i9io, perhaps, to the invasion of Fukien by the Japanese in 1941."

Maspero, Henri (I 883-I 945). Les instruments astronomiques des Chinois au temps de Han.

Mellanges chinois et bouddhiques publies par l'Institut belge des Hautes Etudes chinoises, 6, I83-370, I p1., 14 figs., 1938-39.

Needham, Joseph. Science in Kweichow and Kuangsi. Nature, 156, 496-99, 1945.

Peake, Cyrus H. Nationalism and education in modern China. xiv+ 240 p. New York, Colum- bia University Press, I932.

Elaborate study of modern education in China from i86o to I929. One of the most valuable parts of it is a digest of 48 textbooks, used for the mass education movement and in the primary and secondary schools from I905 to I929; millions of copies of them were printed in Shanghai, by the Commercial Press and the Chung Hua Press. See the additional study by the same author on Some aspects of the introduction of modern science in China (Isis, 22, I73-2I9, I934); in that study the author covers a larger period, i6oo to 1932.

G. S.

Pi, H. T. Western ophthalmology in China. National Medical Journal of China, 17, 120-30, 4 figs., 193 1 .

Pounds, N. J. G. The word "kaolin." Times Literary Supplement, March 24, p. 139, 1945.

Rohrberg, A. Das Rechnen auf dem chinesischen Rechenbrett. Unterr.-BI. f. Math. u. Naturw., 42, 34-37, 2 figs., 1936.

Rudolph, Richard C. Notes on the riddle in China. California Folklore Quarterly, i, 65-82, 1942.

Introduction to the study of Chinese riddles and puns, with bibliography and list of Chinese characters. G. S.

Schlosser, Richard. Chinas Miinzen, erliiutert an der Sammlung im Missions-Museum des Franziskanerklosters zu Dorsten in Westfalen. 114 p., 20 pls. Werl i. W., Franziskus-Druck- erei, 1935.

Selmon, Bertha L. They do meet. Cross-trails of American physicians and Chinese people. xvii +254 p., i 8 pls. New York, Froben Press, 1942. $2.50.

"In telling the story of two physicians working in China during two decades, rhe author reveals, or begins to reveal, the story of hundreds of other physicians who for one reason or another, were internationally-minded and found their life work on the firing-line of the war against disease. Those physicians, men and women, have often worked under tremendous strain because the number of patients who could be and were helped in hospitals and dispensaries was overwhelming. And yet, as the individual doctor has thought of the unreached millions needing the same service, the work done has seemed to be but a drop in the bucket. Obstacles - in- adequate funds, meager equipment, untrained help, lim- ited understanding, yet the messengers of life have labored as best they could through the years, glad for



2I8 IO. China to I 2. Israel

the reward of appreciation and loyalty which endeared to them their helpers and patients."

Siguret, J. Territoires et populations des con- fins du Yunnan. Translated from the Chinese. X+307 p., 4 maps. Peiping, Vetch, I937.

Reviewed by H. I. HARDING, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Io6-og, 1938.

Siren, Osvald. The Chinese on the art of painting: translations and comments. 6 + 26 I p., 8 pls. Peiping, Vetch, I936.

Reviewed by SHIO SAKANISHI, Journal of the Ameri- can Oriental Society, 56, 531-33, 1936; by F. H. AN- DREWS, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 605-08, 1938; and by JEAN LARTIGUE, Revue des arts asiatiquces, 10, I69-70, 1936.

Swallow, R. W. Ancient Chinese bronze mir- rors. xiv+78 p., 105 ills. Peiping, Vetch, I937.

Reviewed by A. G. WENLEY, Jouirnal of the American Oriental Society, 57, 443-45, I937; and by W. PERCI- VAL YETTS, JRA4S, 713, 1937.

Teng, Ku. Chinesische Malkunsttheorie in der T'ang- und Sungzeit: Versuch einer geschicht- lichen Betrachtung. 65 p. Ostasiatische Zeit- schrift, I935.

Reviewed in Journal of the American Oriental Soci- ety, 56, 530-3 I1 1936.

Van den Brandt, J. Les Lazaristes en Chine, I697-I935. Notes biographiques recueillis et mises a jour. viii+32I p. Leiden, Brill, I936. Guilders 6.25.

Wells, Wilfrid H. Some remarks on "perspective" in early Chinese painting. Ostasiat. Z., 2I3-20, I933-

Wells, Wilfried H. Perspective in early Chinese painting. 64 p. London, Goldston, I935.

I I. JAPAN

Borton, Hugh; Elisseeff, Serge; Reischauer, Edwin 0. A selected list of books and articles on Japan in English, French, and German. x+I42 p. Washington, D. C., Committee on Japanese Studies, American Council of Learned Societies, I 940.

Caron, Frangois [c. I600-74]; Schouten, Joost. A true description of the mighty king- doms of Japan and Siam. Reprinted from the English edition of I663 with introduction, notes, and appendixes by C. R. BOXER. cxxix+ I97 p., I3 pls., 7 maps. London, Argonaut Press, I935.

Reviewed by C. 0. BLAGDEN, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 540-41, 1936.

I2. ISRAEL

(Including works devoted to Palestine)

Albright, W. F. A new Hebrew word for "glaze" in Proverbs 26:23. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 98, 24-25, I945.

Blau, Joseph Leon. The Christian interpretation of the Cabala in the Renaissance. viii+ I67 p. New York, Columbia University Press, I 944.

Reviewed by G. C. SELLERY, American Historical Review, 50, 596, 1945.

Buber, Martin. For the sake of heaven. Trans- lated by LUDWIG LEWISOHN. Viii+3I6 p. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 5705-I945. ($3.00).

This is a novel dealing with the "Jewish communities in I8th-I9th century Poland, when Hasidism, the mystical, religious faith of millions of Jews of that period, was producing its unspoiled, saintly leaders called Zaddikimn. Around and over these Jewish communities swirled the floods of war, destruction, and death let loose by the French Revolution and the wars of Napo- leon. These communities, set by fate between France and Russia, had to face crucial issues that involved their survival, and that of their religion. Were these the 'birth-pangs of the Messiah,' the wars of Gog and Magog of ancient prophecy? What attitude should they take towards them and NAPOLEON, the world conqueror, sweeping on from victory to victory? Spiritual issues also emerged over the use of force and evil to achieve spiritual and good ends; what relationship did these events bear to the passionate dream of an oppressed people -the messianic age; what course should wise and understanding leaders pursue in such troubled times?" The author, born in Vienna in i878, was from 1901 to 1933 a political writer and editor in his native city. In collaboration with FRANZ ROSENTHAL he under- took a new translation of the Bible into German. From 1923 to 1933 he was professor of Jewish philosophy and ethics at the University of Francfort. In 1933 he was exiled from Germany. Since 1938 he has been professor of social philosophy in the University of Jerusalem.

G. S.

Chomsky, William. How the study of Hebrew grammar began and developed. Jewish Quar- terly Review, 35, 28I-30I, I945.

Deutsch, Karl W. Anti-semitic ideas in the Middle Ages: international civilizations in ex- pansion and conflict. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 239-5I, I945.

Friedenwald, Harry. The Jews and medicine. Essays. 2 vols. xxiv+8I7 p. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, I944.

Reviewed by SOLOMON GANDZ, Isis, 35, 346-47, 1944.



12. Israel to z4. Islam 219

Kober, Adolf. Jewish monuments of the Middle Ages in Germany. One hundred and ten tomb- stone inscriptions from Speyer, Cologne, Nurem- berg and Worms (io85-c. 1428). Proceedings of the lmerican dcademy for Jewish Research, 14, 149-220, 1944.

Macht, David I. Plant physiology in the Bible. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 287- 96, 1945.

Macht, David I. Psychosomatic allusions in the book of Proverbs. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I 8, 3 01-27, 1945.

Marx, Alexander. Studies in Jewish history and booklore. xiii+458 p. New York, Jewish Theo- logical Seminary of America, 5704-I944.

Reviewed by JULIUS H. GREENSTONE, Jewish Quar- terly Review, 36, 191-95, I945; and by ARTHUR JEF- FERY, Moslem World, 35, i6o, 1945.

Salamon, Henrik. Dentistry in the ghetto. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I 8, 66-I OI, I945.

I4. ISLAM (also drabia)

Adams, C. C. Comparative religion in the Azhar University. Moslem World, 35, II I-25, I945.

Aga-Oglu, Mehmet. A brief note on Islamic terminology for bronze and brass. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 64, 2I8-23, I944.

Asin Palacios, Miguel. Shidhilies y alumbrados. al-Andalus, 9, 32I-45, I 944.

The Shidhiliya is a mystic sect founded in the thirteenth century (El, 4, 246-49) and the alumbrados are a Spanish group of illuminati.

Committee on Arabic and Islamic Studies. Mukh- tarat min al-adab al-'arabi. An Arabic chresto- mathy for advanced students. 370 p. (in Arabic). Washington, D. C., American Council of Learned Societies, I944.

This collection of 45 Arabic extracts reproduced photographically from many books will enable students not only to learn Arabic verse and prose of many ages and styles but also to become familiar with many scripts. It even includes examples of Arabic prose in Hebrew and Syriac writing.

Dawkins, J. McG. The seal of SOLOMON. Journal of the Royal dsiatic Society, I45-50, IO figs., I944.

Faris, Nabih Amin; Elmer, Robert Potter. Arab archery. An Arabic manuscript of about A.D. I500 "A book on the excellence of the

bow & arrow" and the description thereof. Translated and edited. xi+ 182 p., 7 illus. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1945

($3.00). Translation of an Arabic text represented by a unique

MS of the fifteenth century in the Princeton Univ. Library. The author is not named but was a.Moroccan. That text is very detailed and suggests comparison with the earliest elaborate account of English archery by ROGER ASCHAM (I5I5-68): Toxophilus, or the Schole of shootynge ( I544). The translation was prepared and the text elucidated by the Arabic scholar, FARIS, helped by the archery specialist, ELMER. G. S.

Farmer, Henry George. The music of the Arabian Nights. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, I72-85, I944; 39-60, 2 pIs., I945.

Frye, Richard N. Oriental studies in Turkey during the war. Journal of the American Orien- tal Society, 65, 204-o6, I945.

Frye, Richard N.; Sayili, A. M. The Turks in Khurasan and Transoxania at the time of the Arab conquest. Moslem World, 35, 308-I5, I945.

Gabrieli, Francesco. I viaggi di Sindibad. Ioo p. (La Meridiana, no. i i). Firenze, Sansoni, I 943.

Reviewed by E. L. (S. J.), al-Andalus, 9, 5 6-I 7, I944.

Gardet, Louis. Humanisme musulman d'hier et d'aujourd'hui; elements culturels de base. 40 p. Tunis, Revue IBLA, I 94 I .

Reviewed by ARTHUR JEFFERY, Moslem World, 35, 256, 1945.

Grunebaum, Gustave E. von. The response to nature in Arabic poetry. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4, I37-5I, I945.

Iziants, K. An Armenian account of Islam and the Arab conquests. Translated by TERENIG POLADIAN. Moslem World, 35, I38-54, I945.

Lichtenstadter, Use. Arabic and Islamic histori- ography. Moslem World, 35, I26-32, I945.

Meyerhof, Max. La surveillance des professions medicales et paramedicales chez les Arabes. BuUetin de PlInstitut d'Egypte, 26, I I9-34, 1944.

Apropos of the Muslim hisba and especially apropos of the relevant medical chapters in the treatise ad hoc of the 'ABD AL-RAHMAN IBN NASR AL-SHAIZARI (XII-2). I dealt with that treatise in my Introd. (2, 463) but called the author by mistake al-Shairaz!. He came probably from Shaizar, in northern Syria. See also the treatise of IBN AL-UKHUWWA (XIV-I) edited by REUBEN LEVy (I1938; Isis; 33I, 1510. G. S.



220 I4. Islam to New World

Murphy, C. C. R. Who were the Saracens? Asi- atic Review, 4I, I88-go, I945.

"In conclusion, we may express the opinion with reasonable confidence that our word Saracen came into the English language through the post-classical Greek and Latin writers; that these people were originally the nomad Arabs of the desert; and that the ultimate deriva- tion of the name is to be found in the Aramaic root srak."

Nimeh, William. Alminar de la medicina airabe. vii+92+viii p., illus. [no place or date, the Prologo is dated Mexico, D. F., noviembre I5 de 1944].

The author of this book, member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, is of Lebanese origin. He has tried to explain to his countrymen the glories of Arabic medicine. The account is uncritical. It is quoted here, not for the sake of the scholar, who has no need of it, but simply as a curiosity of Mexican literature. A copy of it was obtained thanks to the kindness of Dr. A. R. NYKL. G. S.

Raswan, Carl R. Vocabulary of Bedouin words concerning horses. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4, 97-129, 1945-

Thomson, William. The conception of human destiny in Islam. Moslem World, 35, 28I-99,

1945- Tritton, A. S. Theology in the making. Journal

of the Royal Alsiatic Society, 82-86, 1945.

"Muslim theology was helped in its growth by the dis- putes of Muslims with Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, philosophers, and with one another. There are many tales of these arguments and they reveal something of the atmosphere of early Islam. Most of them concern heretics."

Vicaire, Marcel. Note sur quatre mesures d'aumone inedites. Hespe'ris, 31, 1-14, 5 pIs., 1944.

Apropos of measures of capacity to pay the zakat al-fitr (the alms given at the festival of the breaking of the fast, on the first of Shawwal). Four examples of mudd are described. The capacity varies from 732 to 796 ml. That usage goes back to the beginning of Islam. G. S.

Young, T. Cuyler. The cultural contributions of Islam to Christendom. Moslem World, 35, 89-110, I945.

IV. NEW WORLD AND AFRICA

(a) AMERICA

Beals, Ralph L.; Brainard, George W.; Smith, Watson. Archaeological studies in northeast Arizona. Berkeley, University of Cali- fornia Publications in American Archaeology and

Ethnology, 44, P. Xi+ I-236, 3I PlS., 74 figs., 7 maps, I945. $4.00.

A valuable account of the archaeological work performed by the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Ex- pedition up to the present time. Most of the data presented are from the Tsegi drainage in northeastern Arizona or its immediate vicinity and cover the period from Pueblo I to the close of Pueblo III. M. F. A. M.

Beyer, Hermann. Symbolic ciphers in the eyes of Maya deities. Anthropos, 23, 32-37, 25 figs., 1928.

Beyer, Hermann. Maya hieroglyphs: the variable element of the introducing glyphs as month indicator. Anthropos, 26, 99-IO8, 3 PIS., 4 figs., 1931-

Beyer, Hermann. Maya-Daten und julianischer Kalender. Zeitschrift f. Ethnologie, 65, 75-80, 1933-

Dangel, Richard. Die Zeitrechnung der Kali- fornischen Indianer. Anthropos, 23, I 10-34, 1928.

Darlington, H. S. The "fire-snake" of the Astec calendar stone. Anthropos, 26, 637-46, 9 figs., 1931I

Hagen, Victor Wolfgang von. La fabricacion del papel entre los Aztecas y los Mayas. Con una introduccion por DARD HUNTER y un prologo del Dr. ALFONSO CASO. Traduccion del ingles de JAVIER ROMERO. Mexico, D. F., Editonral Nuevo Mundo, 1945.

The original English edition (I943) was reviewed in Isis, 35, 13-15, by the late PHILIP AINSWORTH MEANS.

Hornbostel, E. von. Die Herkunft der altperu- anischen Gewichtsnorm. Inthropos, 26, 255-

58, 1931.

Jijon y Caamafno, Jacinto. El Ecuador in- terandino y occidental antes de la conquista castellana. 2 vols. 556 p.; 555 p. Quito, Editorial Ecuatoriana, 1940.

Reviewed by JOHN V. MURRA, American Historical Review, 5o, 420, 1945.

Kreichgauer, Damian. Das Riitsel der Quipus. Inthropos, 23, 322-24, I fig., 1928.

Kreichgauer, Damian. fiber die Maya-Chro- nologie. Anthropos, 27, 621-26, 1932.

Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert. L'astronomie des Mocovi. Revista del Mus. de la Plata, 28, 66-

79, 1924; 30, 145-59, 1927.

Leighton, Alexander H.; Leighton, Doro- thea C. The Navaho door. An introduction to



New World 221

Navaho life. xviii+ 149 p., 36 pls. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1944.

Reviewed by G. H. S. BUSHNELL, Nature, iSS, 6zo, 1I945-

Loram, C. T.; Mcllwraith, T. F. (editors). The North American Indian today. xi+36I p. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1943.

$3.00.

The report of the proceedings and papers delivered at the University of Toronto-Yale University Seminar Conference held at Toronto, September 4-16, 1939. A most valuable series of papers on the problems of contemporary Indian-white relationships. M. F. A. M.

Ludendorff, Hans. Die astronomischen In- schriften der Mayas. Festschrift fur ELIS STR6MGREN. Astronomical papers dedicated to ELIS STROMGREN, 143-62, Kopenhagen, 1940.

McCown, Theodore D. Pre-Incaic Huama- chuco. Berkeley, University of California Pub- lication in American Archaeology and Ethnol- ogY, 39, P- X+223-400, pls. 8-23, 21 figs., I map, 1945.

A detailed report of the survey and excavations in the region of Humachuco and Cajabamba, in northern Peru. The cultures described apparently belong to the Andean Archaic group. M. F. A. M.

Merrill, Robert H. The calendar stick of Tshi- zun-hau-kau. II p., illus. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bulletin no. 24, October, 1945. $0.35.

Account of a unique object in the Cranbrook Institute, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. It is a calendar stick invented by TSHI-ZUN-HAU-KAU, whose portrait is published in frontispiece, holding the very stick which is preserved in Cranbrook and discussed in this paper. This Indian warrior was a member of the Winnebago delegation which went to Washington in I828. G. S.

Roys, Ralph L. The Indian background of colonial Yucatan. viii+244 p., 23 figs., 6 maps. Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 548, 1943.

"The studies contained in this volume have been made with the purpose of providing a background for the history of the conquest of Yucatan and of the colonial period which followed. The events of the conquest can be explained only by taking into account the part played by the native population; and the same is true of the subsequent political and social development. The latter resulted in the gradual evolution of a Hispano-Indian civilization, in which not only the Indians but also the great majority of people of mixed blood speak Maya, not Spanish, in their homes at the present time. An attempt is made here to draw a very general picture of Yucatecan Maya civilization as the Spaniards found it at the time of the conquest, since the archaeological

remains indicate that this aspect of their culture differed somewhat from their earlier civilization. This survey is accompanied by a short bibliographical sketch of the principal sources for the ethnology and history of the Maya of Yucatan and their neighbors. A complete bibliography of the authorities which have been con- sulted in the preparation of this study will be found in the list of references. The cacique system discussed in these pages represented a policy in which the local government of the Indian pueblos by the natives themselves, although under Spanish supervision, was given a certain stability by maintaining the prestige, and thus securing the loyalty and cooperation, of certain families which had already governed the people in pre-Spanish times."

Rubio, Julian M. Exploracion y conquista del Rio de la Plata, siglos XVI y XVII. xii+846 p. (Historia de America, 8). Barcelona, Salvat, 1942.

Reviewed by L. E. J., Geographical Journal, 103, 183-84, 1944.

Schulz, R. P. C. Beitriige zur Chronologie und Astronomie des alten Zentralamerika. Anthro- pos, 31, 758-88, 2 PlS., 1936.

Schulz, R. P. C. UJber einige long-count-Daten des Codex Dresdensis. Anthropos, 32, 287-89, 1937.

Soustelle, Jacques. La pensee cosmologique des anciens Mexicains. Actualites scientifiques et industrielles, fasc. 88I, 1940.

Speck, Frank Gouldsmith. The Iroquois. A study in cultural evolution. 94 p., illus. Cran- brook Institute of Science, Bulletin no. 23, Octo- ber, 1945. $1.00.

This well illustrated monograph on the Iroquois gives one a very good idea of the author and of the rich collections in his charge in the Cranbrook Institute, near Detroit. G. S.

Thomson, J. Eric. Maya chronology. American Anthrotologist, 31, 223-31, 1929.

IV(b) OCEANIA

Djajadinigrat, Raden Loekman. From illi- teracy to university. Educational development in the Netherlands Indies. 68 p., illus. Nether- lands and Netherlands Indies Council of the In- stitute of Pacific Relations, Bulletin 3 (received April 1945).

Explaining educational methods followed in the Dutch East Indies. G. S.

Du Bois, Cora. The people of Alor. A social- psychological study of an East Indian island. With analyses by ABRAM KARDINER and EMIL



222 New World to i6. History of Science

OBERHOLZER. xi+654 p., 32 pIs. Minneapo- lis, University of Minnesota Press, 1944.

Reviewed by C. S. MYERS, Nature, 155, 679-80, 1945; and by EDWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bull. of the Hist. of Med., i6, 519-20, 1944.

Herskovits, Melville J. The numerical system of the Kru. Man, 39, 154-55, 1939.

Kennedy, Raymond. The islands and peoples of the South Seas and their cultures. 88 p., pls. (Jayne Memorial Lectures). Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1945.

Lam, H. J. Fragmenta Papuana [Observations of a naturalist in Netherlands New Guinea]. Translated from the Dutch by LILY M. PERRY. iv+ I96 p., 2 maps, 32 figs. (Sargentia 5). Jamaica Plain, Mass., Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1945 ($3.00).

Translation of seven articles originally published in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederi. Ind. (vols. 87-89, 1927- 29). It is the first comprehensive account of the flora of Western New Guinea. The botanical enumerations and descriptions are enlivened with vivid impressions as recorded in the author's diary. G. S.

Maas, Alfred. Ein Kalender aus Bali. Baesseler Archiv, 14, 143-65, 1930-31I

Malinowski, B. fiber die Zeitrechnung auf Tro- briand-Insel. Intern. Archiv fur Ethnographie, 28, 43-92, I927.

Vlekke, Bernard H. M. The story of the Dutch Indies. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, I945.

This is a simpler account than Nusantara (Isis, 35, 77), containing more information of the kind needed by the reader interested in the Dutch East Indies as they are to-day. G. S.

(c) AFRICA (outside Egypt and Islam)

Hirschberg, W. Bemerkungen zum Kalender einiger siudnilotischer Stiimme. Anthropos, 3I6- 21, 1930.

Krige, E. Jensen; Krige, J. D. The realm of a rain queen. A study of the pattern of Lovedu Society. xvi+336 p., i6 pls. (Published for the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures) London, Oxford University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by EDWIN W. SMITH, Nature, ISS, i90,

1945.

Paulme, Denise. Systemes ponderaux et mone- taires en Afrique noire. La revue scientifique, 80, 219-26, 1942.

PART III

SYSTEMA TIC CLASSIFICATION

I. SCIENCE IN GENERAL

i6. HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Alders, J. C. Pioniers der Wetenschap in de 170 en I8? eeuw. 240 p. Amsterdam, Bigot & van Rossum, 1941.

Annals of Science. Volume 5, no. 3, p. I85-296, figs., pIs., July 15, 1945.

We are glad to announce that the publication of this important journal has been resumed. The new subscrip- tion price is two pounds per volume of four parts.

Armattoe, Raphael E. G. The Swiss contribution to Western civilisation. With a foreword by JULIAN S. HUXLEY. 9I p. Dundalk, Dun- dalgan Press, 1944. 5 sh.

Says JULIAN HUXLEY in his foreword: "Most of us, I fancy, will be surprised at the extent of the contribution made to Western Civilization by so small a country. But we must recall that Switzerland has been independent and in the vanguard of freedom ever since that civilization began to take shape. Its own institutions have been free; it has sent out many of its sons to play their part in other parts of the world; while its univer- sities have attracted many notable minds from abroad; and it has provided asylum for a number of distinguished men anxious to avoid tyranny or persecution in their own countries." That is true, but another statement in the following paragraph, "Switzerland is the one real centre of science, learning and culture in Europe which has been able to remain out of the war," is unfair to Sweden. G. S.

Ashman, Richard. States of birth of American men of science. Jour. Heredity, 36, 99-io6,

1945.

Bragg, Sir William (and others). Science lifts the veil. A series of broadcast talks on the conquest of the sub-visible universe. vi+6i p., illus. London, Longmans Green, 1942, reprinted 1944. (Is).

"The last considerable task performed by the late Sir WILLIAM BRAGG was the superintendence of this series of broadcasts on science, by many of Britain's leading scientists. The theme is the extension of knowledge and control over nature, which has come with each advance in the observation of small things. Thus the invention of the microscope opened to view whole new regions of the universe, which in turn led to great discoveries giving control over disease. In this series, one scientific theme has been reviewed in a systematic manner by thirteen scientists of the highest distinction."

Devaux, Pierre. Les aventuriers de la science. 233 P. Paris, N. R. F. Gallimard, 1943.

WATT, AMPERE, GALOIS, EDISON, La derniere croisiere du Pourquoi-Pas? J. P.



z6. History of Science 223

Ferguson, Allan. Dramatic moments in the history of science in Britain. Endeavour, 4, 17- 21, 34, 7 figs., 1945.

Guerlac, Henry Edward. Science and war in the Old Regime. Harvard University, Summa- ries of Theses for Ph.D., 1941, 203-o6, Cam- bridge, Mass., 1945.

"This is intended to summarize a portion of a study devoted to tracing the inter-relationship of war and science in the cultural development of Western Europe, especially in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries."

Jaffe, Bernard. Men of science in America. The role of science in the growth of our country. With a preface by GEORGE SARTON. xl+6oo p., 28 pIs., 25 figs. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1944-

Reviewed by PHILIPPE LE CORBEILLER, Isis, 36, 73-74, 1945-

Lindroth, Sten. Paracelsismen i Sverige till i6oo-talets mitt. 540 p. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksells, 1943.

The non-Swedish reader is tantalized by such a book and feels like the fox invited by the stork to partake of a succulent dinner served in long-necked vessels. One wonders what the author, having accomplished elaborate investigations, hopes to gain by putting them hope- lessly out of reach of the vast majority of Paracelsian scholars. His book dealing with Paracelsism in Sweden down to the middle of the seventeenth century is divided as follows: I. Paracelsism in the sixteenth century. Paracelsism and Ramism. II. JOHANNES BUREUS, III. PARACELSUS in Uppsala, IV. SIGFRIDUS ARONus FOR- sius, IV. Religio paracelsica, VI. The new drugs, VII. GEORG STIERNHELM. Pansophists. G. S.

Lindroth, Sten. History of science in Sweden. Isis, 36, I6-I9, 1945.

Lyons, Sir Henry. The Royal Society, i66o- I940. A history of its administration under its charters. X+354 p. Cambridge University Press, I 944.

(Modern Language Association). General topics VII: Literature and science. Committee on Bibliography, Report for I 944. 8 p. mimeographed.

Moulton, Forest Ray; Schifferes, Justus J. (editors). The autobiography of science. xxxi+ 666 p. New York, Doubleday, Doran, 1945 ($4.00).

The senior editor of this anthology is a well-known mathematician, sometime teacher of celestial mechanics in the University of Chicago, now Permanent Secretary of the AAAS. The younger one is a teacher of comparative literature and health education, medical editor, and playwright. The idea of the book is to present a synoptic view of the whole of science by means of a hundred

extracts. Says the jacket: "Each of the one hundred selections is the best thing a man ever said or wrote about the most important thing he ever did or thought." This statement is preposterous, and would never occur to the mind of a student of the history of science. For example, I have enjoyed thirty years of familiarity with the works of such men as FARADAY, DARWIN, BERNARD, PASTEUR, and yet would be unable to select the "best" words they ever wrote. The idea of the "hundred best" of this or that is a familiar and popular one. In some cases the reader can be given the goods, say, the hundred best poems or the hundred best paintings; that is, in such cases he can be given those very poems or good reproductions of the paintings, but even then the selection is arbitrary. The collection, such as it is, will be useful, for it will induce the more thoughtful men to read further. It will help them better to understand the meaning and humanity of science. It would be tempting to enumerate the hundred extracts, but it is better to leave to the reader the pleasure of discovering them for himself. G. S.

Pelseneer, Jean. Aspect statistique du progres des sciences en Belgique, a travers les siecles. Isis, 33, 237-42, 1941-

Je n'ai pu, en raison des circonstances, lire les epreuves de cet article et me permets de renvoyer le lecteur que ce travail a interesse, a la version complete et definitive qu'on trouvera dans la publication suivante: Acadhnrie royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, 27, 269-76, I pl., 194. J. P.

Rousseau, Pierre. Histoire de la science. 825 p. Paris, Fayard, 1945.

Sarton, George. Sixty-seventh Critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of civilization. Isis, 35, 349-62, '944.

"This bibliography is an exceptional one, being devoted exclusively to the articles published in Lychnos (for the years 1941 to 1943, Uppsala 1941-43), and to the books reviewed in these volumes."

Sarton, George. Sixty-eighth critical bibliography of the history and philosophy of science and of the history of civilization (to January 1945). Isis, 36, 22-69, 1945.

Silla, Lucio (editor). Un secolo di progresso scientifico italiano, I839-1939. Opera storica redatta da circa 200 collaboratori sotto la dire- zione del Comitato scientifico della S. I. P. S. Volume VII, Complementi, Appendice, Indici generali. 422 p. (Societi italiana per il progresso delle scienze, anno Io00 dalla 1a riunione degli scienziati italiani). Roma, Societa italiana per il progresso delle scienze, 1940-XVIII.

Thanks to the courtesy of the Library of Congress, I have been able to examine the seventh and final volume of the ambitious work reviewed in Isis, 352 190. Vols. I-VI were published in the I 7th year of the Fascist era, vol. VII in the i8th one. It is a collection of supple-



224 I6. History of Science to Ii7. Organization of Science

ments to the main work, including two reports of the section of geophysics and meteorology, four of the section of mineralogy and history, and five of the section of history and archaeology. Some excellent work has been done in the field of the history of science by Italian scholars, but as the majority of those scholars were vic- tims of the Fascist regime, the main editor decided to leave the history of science out of his survey. An appendix tells the history of the first century of the Societa italiana per il progresso delle scienze (Italian equivalent of our A.A.A.S.). The work ends with indexes of authors and subjects. In spite of the prejudices dominating and vitiating it, this work will be useful.

G. S.

Van Wijk, W. E. Antieke draagbare mathematische instrumenten in het Museum van On- derwijs te 's-Gravenhage. De Natuur, 62, I2- 20, 4 figs.; 39-42, 2 figs.; 6I-70, 4 figs., 1942.

Zilsel, Edgar. The genesis of the concept of scientific progress. Journal of the History of Ideas, 6, 325-49, 1945.

I 7. ORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE

(Internal organization is meant, see Isis, I, I95.

For external organization, national or international, see section 55).

Baker, John R. Science and the planned state. 120 p. London, Allen & Unwin, 1945. 7/6. Published in the United States by The Macmillan Co.

"In a sense this book is a sequel to The Scientific Life, which was published in 1942. Care has been taken to make it equally suitable for those who have read the earlier volume and those who have not. There is very little repetition, though I have once more insisted on the importance of chance in scientific discovery. The main purpose of The Scientific Life was to describe the human nature of the good research worker, and to show that it would be futile to try to confine him within the rigid boundaries of a central plan for the advancement of science. Both books are meant for scientist and layman alike, including the older students at schools, and both are lightly written; but this new book is much the more systematic in treatment. It consists of a careful analysis and criticism of the totalitarian view of science, of which so much has been heard in recent years."

Boggs, S. W. Mapping some of the effects of science and technology on human relations. De- partment of State Bulletin, 12, I83-88, 3 figs.,

1945.

Boggs, S. W. Mapping some effects of science on human relations. Scientific Monthly, 6I, 45-50,

3 figs., 1945.

Cannon, Walter B.; Field, Richard M. In- ternational relations in science. A review of their

aims and methods in the past and in the future. Chronica Botanica, 9, 253-98, I945.

Cohen, I. Bernard. Science and the Revolution. The vital interplay of engineering and sciences with government had its beginning in war neces- sities. Technology Review, 47, 367-68, 374- 76, 378, April I945.

Collin, Remy. Message social du savant. 350 p.

Paris, Michel, I94I.

Experientia. Monthly journal of pure and applied science. Vol. i, begun in April I945.

A new international journal of science edited by A. v. MURALT (Bern), L. RUZICKA (Zurich), and J. WEIGLE (Geneva); published in the four international languages of science. It contains articles of "haute vulgarisation" on all the scientific topics discussed today. Annual sub- scription, 20 Swiss francs plus postage. G. S.

Polanyi, M. The autonomy of science. Scien- tific Monthly, 6o, I4I-50, I945.

This article first appeared in the Memoirs and Pro- ceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. Session 1941-43, pp. 19-38, 943. It deals with the problem of the relation of scientists to society and of the totalitarian control of scientific research. Even when well disposed toward science, policitians, bureaucrats or commissars have difficulty in distinguish- ing sound scientific work from quackery. It cites the well-known dispute between T. D. LYSENKO and N. I. VAVILOV. C. Z.

Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse. Science and utili- tarianism. Some aspects of the history of science. Australian Journal of Science, 7, 9-13, 1944.

Followed by discussion, in the same journal, p. 6o, 97, 127, October I1944 to February 1945. G. S.

Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse. The scientist's in- terference with the things he studies. Australian Journal of Science, 7, I66-69, 1945.

The social impact of science: A select bibliography with a section on atomic power. vii+5 I p. (Sub- committee on War Mobilization of the Com- mittee on Military Affairs, United States Senate, Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, I945. $0.15.

This includes no less than 505 items divided as follows: i. Government publications, So items; 2. Books and pamphlets, 1725 3. Periodical articles, 260; 4. Atomic power, 23.

Taylor, F. Sherwood. Is the progress of science controlled by the material wants of man? I5 p. Oxford, Society for Freedom in Science, Occa- sional Pamphlet No. I, April, I945. i/6.

"Of recent years certain authors have laid great stress on the economic motive as determining the direction of scientific research. They urge that such research should now and henceforth be directed to the satisfaction of



I 7. Organization of Science to 20. Mathematics 225

urgent human needs, and reinforce their contention by arguments designed to show that the direction of progress of science in the past has, in fact, been principally determined by such needs. It appears to the author of this pamphlet that material human needs did not, in fact, have an appreciable influence on the progress of science until an industrial civilisation had been built up, and that even to-day their influence upon pure science is not its principal guide."

This pamphlet was written in answer to an anonymous one, The development of science, issued by the [British] Association of Scientific Workers. G. S.

United States Congress. Hearings on science legislation (S. I297 and related bills). Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Mili- tary Affairs, United States Senate, seventy-ninth Congress, first session. Part 2 (unrevised). iv+ 258 p. Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945.

United States Senate. Legislative proposals for the promotion of science. The texts of five bills and excerpts from reports. v+89 p. (Subcommittee on War Mobilization of the Committee on Mili- tary Affairs, United States Senate). Washing- ton, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945. $0.15.

Weaver, Warren. Free science sought. Letter to the New York Times, Sunday, Sept. 2, 1945. I 1/2 col.

i 8. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Lalande, Andre. Las teorias de la induccion y de la experimentacion. Trad. JosE FERRATER MORA. 296 p. Buenos Aires, Losada, 1945.

Reviewed by M. B., Minerva, 2, 209, Buenos Aires, 1945. The original French edition appeared in Paris in 1929 (Isis, 13, 227).

Langevin, Paul. L'Encyclopedie ou la solidarite de l'action et de la pensee. Les lettres franfaises, 5, I6 juin, 1945.

Marchais, Raoul. A la recherche des univers perdus. 193 p. Avignon, Aubanel, 1944.

"En ecrivant ces pages, nous avons voulu mettre en evidence tout le parti que 1'esprit philosophique peut tirer des plus recentes conquetes scientifiques pour don- ner un corps aux conceptions trop abstraites des uns et une ame aux conjectures trop materialistes des autres." La couverture mobile du livre porte l'inscription: Les realites de l'occultisme expliquees par la science moderne.

Rosenfeld, L. L'evolution de l'idee de causalite. Me6m. de la Soc. r. des sciences de Ltege, 6, 57- 88, 1942.

II. FORMAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of Forms)

20. MATHEMATICS

Boyer, Carl B. Early graphical solutions of polynomial equations. Scripta mathematica, I I, 5-I 9, 8 figs., 1945.

"The graphical representation of polynomials in a single variable and the concomitant graphical solution of polynomial equations are so familiar a part of one's early training in elementary mathematics that it is somewhat difficult to appreciate the fact that this type of procedure entered relatively late in the history of the subject. We shall here trace the development of graphical solutions of such equations, a history which will afford an excellent illustration of the extent to which adherence to tradition has operated to delay the adop- tion of new methods and attitudes."

Boyer, Carl B. Historical stages in the definition of curves. National Mathematics Magazine, I9, 294-310, 1945.

Briggs, Lyman J.; Lowan, Arnold N. (Direc- tors). Table of arc sin X. Prepared by the Mathematical Tables Project conducted under the sponsorship of the National Bureau of Stand- ards. Present volume begun under the auspices of the Work Projects Administration for the City of New York and completed with the support of the Office of Scientific Research and Develop- ment. XiX+121 p. New York, Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1945. $3.50.

"The present table of I 2-place values of Arc sin x, in radian measure, may be regarded as a companion volume to the Table of Arc tan x published by the Mathe- matical Tables Project in 1942.

Briggs, Lyman J.; Lowan, Arnold N. (Di- rectors). Tables of associated Legendre functions. Prepared by the Mathematical Tables Project conducted under the sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards. Present volume begun under the auspices of the Works Project Administration for the City of New York and completed with the support of the Office of Scien- tific Research and Development. xlvi+303 p. New York, Columbia University Press, I1945. $5.00.

"The present table of associated Legendre functions was begun in 1940, to meet urgent needs for a table to about six significant figures at intervals of o.x. At this interval in the argument, interpolation in these functions is not everywhere satisfactory; a very considerable amount of further work would be required, in order to make all these functions reasonably interpolable over the entire range covered. The subtabulation of these functions is on the agenda of the Mathematical Tables Project, but the amount of time which may be devoted



226 20. Mathematics

to this task and therefore the eventual date of completion is necessarilv uncertain."

Brown, Kenneth E. General mathematics in American colleges. I67 p. New York Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1943.

Reviewed by MOSES RICHARDSON, Scripta Mathe- matica, Io, I89-90, 1944. "The aims of this study are: 'i. To trace the historical development of college general mathematics in the United States; 2. To show the present status of general mathematics in American colleges; 3. To discover and point out certain trends in the development of college general mathematics.'"

Colerus, Egmont. De PYTHAGORE a HILBERT. Les epoques de la mathematique et leurs maltres. Trad. de 1'allemand par J. DU PLESSIS DE GRE- NEDAN. 313 p. (Bibliotheque de Philosophie scientifique). Paris, Flammarion, 1943.

The German text was published in Berlin 1937 and was reviewed by 0. NEUGEBAUER in Die Naturwissen- schaften, 25, 683, 1I937. G. S.

De Cicco, John. Survey of polygenic functions. Scripta Mathematica, II, 51-56, 1945.

Fettweis, Ewald. Ethnologie und Geschichte der Mathematik. Anthropos, 32, 277-83, 1937.

Frame, J. S. Machines for solving algebraic equations. Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation, I, 337-53, 1945.

The story begins in 1758 with J. A. DE SEGNER and 1770 with J. ROWNING. "The diverse methods which have been proposed for solving algebraic equations mechanically, other than the strictly numerical methods based upon the use of calculating machines, fall naturally into about six types, and we shall discuss these in the succeeding paragraphs, as follows: (2) Graphic and visual methods. (3) Kinematic linkages. (4) Dynamic balances. (5) Hydrostatic balances. (6) Electric and electromagnetic methods. (7) Methods of harmonic analysis. Of these the first four are usually restricted to real roots, whereas the last two may be used to find the complex roots of equations. All these types include machines both for algebraic equations in one unknown, and for simultaneous linear equations in several un- knowns."

Godeaux, Lucien. Esquisse d'une histoire des sciences mathematiques en Belgique. 6o p., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, rme seie, no. 39). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, 1943.

The author deals with more than eighty Belgians, most of whom are known by their works to every edu- cated mathematician. Let us hope that other volumes of the same collection (for which see Isis, 36, 131) will be devoted to the survey of achievements in other fields of science. G. S.

Gray, Hugh; Lieber, Lillian R. The education of T. C. Mits. Revised and enlarged edition. 230 p. New York, Norton, 1944.

Reviewed by E. H. C. HILDEBRANDT, Scripta Mathe- matica, iO, I84-85, 1944.

Hadamard, Jacques. The psychology of invention in the mathematical field. xiii+143 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press, I 945. $2.00.

This very stimulating book is an elaboration of the author's paper given at the Centre International de Synthese (Neuvieme semaine internationale de synthese) whose topic was L'invention. (These were published in Paris in 1938 by Alcan; the other contributors were CHARLES BLONDEL, ED. CLAPAREDE, L. DE BROGLIE, ED. BAUER, PAUL VALERY, Louis BREGUET, EM. GUYENOT, with an introduction by HENRI BERR. HADAMARD'S paper was discussed by MM. BRUNSCHVICG, CLAPAREDE, ABGLAS, REY, STERN, CoUTRo'r, PAUL LEvy, APPUHN, BERR.).

The original stimulus to M. HADAMARD was a lecture given by HENRI POINCARE at the Societe de Psychologie in Paris (translated by G. B. HALSTED as "Mathematical Creation" in POINCARE'S The foundations of science, New York, The Science Press, I'9 I3, pp. 387 if.). The process of invention in any scientific field must necessarily interest any historian of science. M. HADAMARD is concerned entirely with the psychology of invention, but he points out that social and historical influences certainly affect mathematical invention as they do everything else. The author makes many very interesting observations, but does not arrive at any very positive conclusions, although he does arrive at several negative ones, e.g., that mathematical discoveries are not found in dreams, but frequently come to the mind immediately upon awakening. Apart from the stimulating discussion of the subject, this book has great value in describing the psychology of invention in the mathematical field by a very great mathematician, M. HADAMARD himself. It may be added, for the sake of readers, that this book may be read with great profit by those who have no advanced technical training in mathematics itself.

1. B. C.

Higgins, Thomas James. Biographies and collected works of mathematicians. American Mathematical Monthly, 51, 433-45, 1944.

Hoyland, Geoffrey. The tyranny of mathematics. An essay in the symbiosis of science, poetry and religion. 5 2 p. London, Student Christian Movement Press, 1945.

James, Glenn; James, Robert C. (editors). Mathematics dictionary. Giving the meaning of the basic mathematical words and phrases, including an exhaustive covering of the terms from Arithmetic through the Calculus and the technical terms commonly used in the applications of these subjects. Revised editions. 9+273 p.; tables, 46 p. Van Nuys, Calif., The Digest Press, '943.

Reviewed by MARGUERITE D. DARKOWV, Scripta Mathemnatica, Io, I86-88, 1944.



20. Mathematics to 25. Chemistry 227

Karpinski, Louis C. Algebraical works to 1700. Scripta Mathematica, 10, 149-69, 1944.

Kraitchik, Maurice. Mathematical recreations. 328 p. New York, Norton, 1942.

Reviewed by H. S. M. COXETER, Scripta Mathe- matica, I10, Ic8I-83, 1I944.

Miller, G. A. Fanciful portraits of ancient mathematicians. Science, IOI, 223-24, I945.

Schaaf, William L. Recreational mathematics. List of works on mathematical recreations. Scripta Mathematica, IO, 192-200, 1944.

Simons, Lao G. DAVID EUGENE SMITH -in memoriam. Bulletin of the American Mathe- matical Society, 51, 40-50, 1945.

III. PHYSICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of inorganic nature)

22. MECHANICS (Including Celestial and Atom- ical Mechanics)

Borel, Emile. L'evolution de la mecanique. 227 p., 26 ills. (Bibliotheque de philosophie scientifique). Paris, Flammarion, 1943.

Delevsky, Jacques. Note sur la possibilite des repetitions cosmologiques. Isis, 36, 19-21, 1945.

23. ASTRONOMY

Cohen, I. Bernard. The theory of concentric spheres again. Isis, 35, 333, 1944.

Jeans, Sir James. The astronomical horizon. (The Philip Maurice Deneke Lecture, 1944). Oxford University Press, 1945.

Leclerc, J. Les fetes du Soleil. L'Astronomie, 54, 156-58, ill., 1940.

Lehmann-Nitsche, R. Der apokaliptische Drache. Zeitschrift f. Ethnologie, 65, 193- 230, 1933.

Constellation of Scorpio.

24. PHYSICS

Devaux, Pierre. Histoire de l'electricite. 128 p., ill. (Collection "Que sais-je? ", n 7). Paris, Les Presses Universitaires de France, 1941.

Karapetoff, Vladimir. The constancy of the velocity of light. The invariance of MAXWELL'S electromagnetic field equations under relativity transformation, demonstrated in four dimensions. Scripta Mathematica, IO, 65-8o, 1944.

"One of the fundamental postulates of EINSTEIN'S theory of relativity is that the velocity of light in vacuo is the same for all observers, independent of their motion with respect to each other. It is the purpose of this article to show that this constancy of the velocity of light may be deduced directly from certain differ- ential properties of a representative four-dimensional space. An elementary proof of this invariance in a three-dimensional space is tedious and perhaps not quite rigorous."

Lo Duca, Giuseppe. Histoire du cinema. I 36 p., 85 ills. (Collection "Que sais-je?", no 8i). Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1942.

Rideau, Emile. Philosophie de la physique moderne. 98 p. Paris, Cerf, 1939.

Reviewed by A. B., Revue ginerale des sciences, 51, I65, 1940-41.

Seth, Rajani Kanta. Ether, electron and matter. 83 p. Calcutta, Published by the author, Rajani Kanta Seth, 347, Upper Chitpore Road, Beadon Square West, 1945. R. 2.

Description of main facts with a few historical data, and in the second part further explanations and philosophical interpretation. No references. G. S.

25. CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, INDUS- TRIAL CHEMISTRY

Alexander, Jerome. Mathematics in the service of chemistry. Scripta Mathematica, 10, 201- 12, 15 figs., 1944.

Browne, Charles A. A source book of agricultural chemistry. X+ 290 p. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica.

Reviewed by GEORGE URDANG, Journal of the Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association, 33, 2 p., OCt. 1944.

Partington, J. R. Some milestones in the study of hydrocarbon flames. Annals of Science, 5, 229-52, 1945.

Taylor, F. Sherwood. The evolution of the still. Annals of Science, 5, I85-202, 14 figs., 1945.

Weeks, Mary Elvira. Discovery of the elements. Fifth edition. Xiv+578 p., illustrations collected by F. B. DAINs. Easton, Pa., Journal of Chemical Education, 1945. $4.00.

When a book reaches its fifth edition it may be called a classic and hardly requires new praise. The latest edition reviewed in Isis (21, 455) was that of 1933;

and we drew our readers' attention (in vol. 35, 264) to the Chinese translation published in Shanghai 1940.

The present edition has been rewritten and enlarged by over a o00 p.; it contains additional information about many elements and about the minerals in which those elements were discovered, new biographical sketches and illustrations; moreover, foreign quotations have been Englished. This volume should be available



228 25. Chemistry to 27. Biology in every chemical library and in every library on the history of science. G. S.

26. TECHNOLOGY

(For Mining, see 32. Geology; for Industrial Chemistry, 25. Chemistry. See also Arts and Crafts under 45).

Benoit-Le'vy, Jean. Les grandes missions du cinema. 349 P., ill. Montreal, Parizeau, 1945.

Excellent account of all the good which the movies could accomplish and do already accomplish to some extent. The author is himself a director of genius, the creator of at least one masterpiece, La maternelle. The first half of his book is devoted to educational and docu- mentary films, the second half to the purely recreative and artistic ones. But for the insatiable greed of business mnen the movies would be a pure blessing. The unsigned introduction contains a brief history of the basic inven- tions. G. S.

Ducasse, Pierre. Histoire des techniques. I36 p. ("Que sais-je?" Le point des connaissances actuelles). Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1945.

The author of this little book has given proof of considerable learning and ingenuity in the writing of it, for it was a real tour de force to put so much in so few words. The book should have been entitled "R6flexions sur l'histoire des techniques," for the purpose is not the impossible one of telling the evolution of technology in 136 p., but rather to explain what that evolution means in human terms. The final pages are especially moving in that respect. The machines have liberated us; are they now going to enslave us? Machines have been a means of human exploitation and terror even in peace times. Whither are we bound? As the author wisely remarked: the machines encroach on our destiny.

G. S.

Lamalle, Ulysse. Histoire des chemins de fer belges. I58 p., 8 pis., 82 figs. (Collection nationale, hors serie). Bruxelles, Office de Publi- cite, I943.

Pr6cis historique sommaire, mais fort intelligent et bien document6. J. P.

Rieth, Adolf. The development of the potter's wheel during five thousand years. Research and Progress, 8, I93-98, 2 figs., 1942.

IV. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Knowledge of organic nature)

27. BIOLOGY (Generalities, "Natural History")

Beltrain, Enrique. Problemas biol6gicos. Ensayo de interpretacion dialectica materialista. Prologo de MARCEL PRENANT. Xxi+ I79 p. Monterrey, N. L. (Mexico), Ediciones del Instituto de

Investigaciones Cientificas de la Universidad de Nuevo Leon, 1945.

Book based upon lectures delivered by the author in the Workers' University of Mexico in 1938. It deals with the following subjects: i. Philosophical currents in biology. Dialectic materialism. 2. Living matter. 3. Adaptation of living things. 4. Struggle for life and equilibrium of populations. 5. Heredity and development. 6. Evolution. 7. Races. 8. Biology and sociology. A preface is contributed by MARCEL PRENANT, who wrote a similar book, Biologie et marxisme (Paris 1938). The book is followed by a short bibliography; no index. G. S.

Cuenot, Lucien. Invention et finalite en biologie. (Bibliotheque de Philosophie scientifique). Paris, Flammarion, I 94 I .

Reviewed by R. FURON, Revue ginerale des sciences, 52, 57, 1942.

Guyenot, Emile. L'evolution de la pensee scientifique, les sciences de la vie au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siecles, l'idee d'evolution. 462 p. Paris, Michel, I941.

Hagen, Victor Wolfgang von. South America called them. Explorations of the great naturalists, LA CONDAMINE, HUMBOLDT, DARWIN,

SPRUCE. xli+3I I+ix p., 28 illus. New York, Knopf, I945. $3.75-

Very pleasantly written biographies of the four great scientists named in the title. The term naturalist is not quite correct as applied to LA CONDAMINE, who was primarily a geodesist, though he was one of the first to observe the native use of "caoutchouc." The expeditions described in this volume occurred in 1735-44,

1799- 804, i831-35, I849-66. G. S.

Jack, Homer A. Biological field stations of the world. Chronica Botanica, 9, I-73, I945.

A brief account of the purpose, history, location and equipment of the biological field stations of the world together with a description of the instruction which they provide and the research which they encourage. The latter half of the work consists of a directory of the biological stations arranged geographically. C. Z.

Jaeger, Edmund C. A source-book of biological names and terms. xxvi+ 256 p. Springfield, Ill., Thomas, 1944. $3.50.

The Greek, Latin or other origins of I2,ooo elemnents in biological usage are in this volume given their con- cise meanings, together with numerous examples of their use in scientific nomenclature. By this means the key is given to the meaning of more than a million scientific namiies and terms. There is a good explanation of the manner in which scientific terms are built, and T. S. PALMER'S excellent discussion of the formation of generic names is reprinted with additional notes. There is a key to transliterations from the Greek to the Latin and English, a list of abbreviations, and a fair nunmber of black and white illustrations. This is rather a unique book, and a very valuable one, which should



27. Biology to 28. Botany 229

enjoy a long life and much usage. It should be in the hands of all students of the biological sciences.

M. F. A. M.

Just, Theodor. The rates of evolutionary processes. Presidential Address. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 53, I4-27, I944.

Lillie, Ralph S. Vital organization and the psy- chic factor. Philosophy of Science,) II, I6I-

70, I944.

Prentice, E. Parmalee. Food, war and the future. I64 p., 5 ills. New York, Harper, I944.


Schrodinger, Erwin. What is life? The physical aspect of the living cell. Based on lectures delivered under the auspices of the Institute at Trinity College, Dublin, in February 1943.

viii+9I p. Cambridge, University Press; New York, The Macmilan Co., 1945. $1.75.

This book is too condensed to be summarized, but it is so short that it can be easily read; every biologist should read it. Here are a few ideas culled from it, verbatim or not. Incredibly small groups of atoms, much too small to display exact statistical laws, play a dominating role in living things. The "hereditary code-script" or chromosomes (24 x 2 in man, in every cell) contain the entire pattern of the individual's future development; they are law-code and executive-code in one. The hereditary substance must be molecular. "A well-ordered association of atoms, endowed with sufficient resistivity to keep its order permanently, appears to be the only conceivable material structure, that offers a variety of possible ('isomeric') arrangements, sufficiently large to embody a complicated system of 'determinations' within a small spatial boundary." "Life seems to be orderly and lawful behaviour of matter, not based exclusively on its tendency to go over from order to disorder, but based partly on existing order that is kept up." "What an organism feeds upon is negative entropy. Or, to put it less paradoxically, the essential thing in metabolism is that the organism succeeds in freeing itself from all the entropy it cannot help producing while alive." "Thus the device by which an organism maintains itself stationary at a fairly high level of orderliness (= fairly low level of entropy) really consists in continually sucking orderliness from its environment." Mutations are really quantum jumps in the gene molecule. The author's philosophical conclusions are astonishingly close to those of the Vedanta; there is but one consciousness, God; the personal self equals the omnipresent, all-comprehending eternal self (itman = brahman). G. S.

Sherborn, Charles Davies (186I-I942). Where is the collection? An account of the various natural history collections which have come under the notice of the com- piler, CHARLES DAVIES SHERBORN, between i88o and 1939. 148 p. Cambridge, University Press, 1940.

"This book contains facts accumulated over sixty years in answer to enquiries: 'Where is the Collection?' It is not exhaustive; that were too much to expect and almost an impossibility, but it contains a vast deal of information now brought together and should be of service to enquirers. The original MS has been on my table at the British Museum (Natural History) and of daily use to the Staff or others and in its present form is made widely available to all who need it."

Verdoorn, Frans. On the aims and methods of biological history and biography. With some notes for the collaborators of the Index Botani- corum. Chronica Botanica, 8, 427-48, 1944.

28. BOTANY

(Agronomy, Phytopathology, Palaeobotany)

Bay, J. Christian. Bibliophili epistola quinta eller et bibliografisk bes0g iblandt de Californiske kaempetraeer samt tvende exkurser. 2I p., 2 pls. Holstebro, Julen 1939.

Apropos of the California Sequoias.

Britten, James; Boulger, George S. A biographical index of deceased British and Irish botanists. Second edition, revised and completed by A. B. RENDLE. Xxii+342 p. London, Tay- lor and Francis, 1931.

The authors of the first edition (I893), BRITTEN and BOULGER, died in I922 and 1924, respectively. "The growth of the work may be estimated by a comparison of the original edition, which with the three Supplements, issued in I899, I905, and I908, respectively, comprised 256 pages, with the present volume of 338 pages." Over three thousand botanists are listed.

G. S.

Burkill, I. H. The early economic history of the tree Mesua ferrea (guttiferae). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, session 156, pt. 2, 85-9I, 1944.

Clausen, Jens; Keck, David D.; Hiesey, Wil- liam M. Experimental studies on the nature of species. II. Plant evolution through amphiploidy and autoploidy, with examples from the Madiinae. vii+ 174 p., 86 figs. Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Pub- lication 564, 1945.

"In the present work the objective has been to bring into a new focus the broad picture of species building in plants by amphiploidy and autoploidy. This aspect of plant evolution has received repeated treatment in the past, and the present volume does not attempt to exhaust the subject. Rather, this account aims to present the pattern of organization in nature as disclosed by experimental polyploidy and through the application of biosystematic principles. On the background of their own experiments, the authors venture to assemble much



230 28. Botany

representative material from contemporary literature and examine the evolutionary patterns thereby disclosed."

Fogg, John M., Jr. Weeds of lawn and garden. A handbook for eastern temperate North America. Illustrations by LEONIE HAGERTY. Vii+215 P. Philadelphia, University of Penn- sylvania Press, I945. $2.50.

Contents: Introduction. What is a weed? Why some plants are weeds. The dispersal of weeds. The geogra- phic origin of weeds. The extermination of weeds. Chemical controls. Weeds as soil indicators. Illustra- tions and descriptions of weeds. Tree weeds. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.

Geiser, Samuel Wood. Horticulture & hor- ticulturists in early Texas. In two parts. Dal- las, Texas, Southern Methodist University, 1945.

To be reviewed in Isis later.

Gilmour, John. British botanists. 48 p., 8 pls., I9 illus. (Britain in Pictures, The British People in Pictures). London, Collins, 1944.

Brief account with bibliography and fine illustration. G. S.

Haudricourt, Andre G.; Hedin, L. L'homme et les plantes cultivees. Paris, N.R.F., 1943.

Howard, Alexander L. The wfllow tree (Salix sp.). Nature, 154, 835-37, 1944.

Just, Theodor. The proper designation of the vascular plants. Botanical Review, I I, 299-309, 1945.

Leggett, William F. The story of linen. xi+ 103 p. Brooklyn, N. Y., Chemical Publishing Co., 1945. $2.75.

Book written in the same style and by the same author as the one on dyes (1944; Isis, 35, 263). The author gives many facts but without a single reference; the bibliography is utterly insufficient. Considering that the book is worthless for any scholarly purpose and that it is very small (hardly longer than an article in a journal), the price charged for it is outrageous. G. S.

Taylor, Norman. Cinchona in Java. Introduc- tion by Pieter Honig. 87 p., 33 illus. New York, Greenberg, 1945. $2.50.

A very brief history of malaria, emphasizing the discovery of the Anopheles mosquito as a vector, introduces this well illustrated little account of the problem of producing sufficient quinine to relieve the world's sufferings from one of the most ancient and vicious of diseases. The major part of the solution, of course, came as a result of the Dutch Government's efforts to create a race of Cinchona ledgeriana, whose bark would be rich in quinine, and which could be cult.vated com- mercially in plantations in Java.

The botanical problems were unique. The tree had to be grafted on the roots of a related species, and its climatic limitations were such that it could grow only

in the tropics at certain elevations. Approximately i 8 years had to elapse before the bark could be harvested profitably. In the harvesting the tree was destroyed, and had to be replaced with new nursery stock. These agricultural peculiarities introduced certain economic diffi- culties which could be surmounted only by a supply of skilled labor and an enlightened colonial policy.

C. Z.

Verdoorn, Frans. The plant scientist in the world's turmoils. Plants and Plant Science in Latin dmerzca, xv-xxii, 1945.

Verdoorn, Frans; Verdoorn, J. G. Plant science institutions and societies of Latin America. Chronica Botanica Reprints, no. 2, 337-49, 1945.

Verdoorn, Frans (editor). Plants and plant science in Latin America. xxxvii+384 p., 38 pls., 45 illus. (A new series of plant science books, I6). Waltham, Mass., Chronica Bo- tanica, 1945. $6.oo.

"The aim of this collection of articles which we started in 1941 in Chronica Botanica was to give the agronomist, botanist, forester and phytopathologist (whether he be located in the Americas or in Europe) information which he may need when starting work on the wild or cultivated plants of Latin America. It was hoped that it might be still more useful for those who plan to go to Latin America to collect or to con- duct research. The collection endeavoured to give some information concerning the present status of and the future possibilities and needs for research in the chief branches of the pure and applied plant sciences. In addition to data in his own field, the specialist will find much useful and stimulating information on vege- tational and agronomic problems in general, on the organization of research, lists of books that he may consult, addresses of institutions and societies in the territory in which he is interested and which he may profitably contact, etc."

Historians will read with special interest VERDOORN'S introductory essay with a list of travel books and other botanical references, the historical sketch by F. W. PENNELL, ALBERT F. HILL'S article on ethnobotany. The book is a fundamental tool not only for every one interested in South American botany but also for every one interested in South America or in botany. G. S.

Webber, Herbert John; Batchelor, Leon Dexter (editors). The citrus industry. Vol. I, History, botany and breeding. xx+ I028 p., 233 figs. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1943-


Wodehouse, Roger P. Hayfever plants. Their appearance, distribution, time of flowering, and their role in hayfever, with special reference to North America. xix+245 p., 73 figs. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica, 1945. $4.75.

After an introductory chapter of some twenty pages, explaining the subject, ch. 2 and 3 deal respectively with



28. Botany to 31. Geography 231

gymnosperms and angiosperms, ch. 4 with a regional survey of the U. S. The treatise is completed with a glossary and bibliography. There is no historical outline. The author has drawn most of the illustrations, very effectively. The book is beautifully gotten up as we have learned to expect from Chronica Botanica.

G. S.

29. ZOOLOGY

Carpenter, Mathilde M. Bibliography of biographies of entomologists. The American Midland Naturalist, 33, i-i i6, 1945.

"For more than fifteen years the excellent 'Bibliogra- phy of Entomologists' prepared by Mr. J. S. WADE, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 21: 489-520, 1928, has proved of great value to all who have an interest in the development of science. The time seems ripe for what might be called a second edition of the work, one which will bring the subject up to date and which at the same time will enlarge its scope to include the records of biographical matter for all entomologists of all countries. It is intended that the list will be complete through 1943." Miss CARPENTER'S list is very valuable; it is perfectible, and I hope she will gradually complete it. For example, opening at random (p. 83), I find no reference under JOHN RAY to the outstanding biography by C. E. RAVEN. (1942; Isis, 34, 319-24),

nor under REAUMUR to the biography by JEAN TORLAIS (1936; Isis, 28, ix2-I5). The author frequently refers to such books as Locy's, very remote from the sources, but does not seem to know those of BODENHEIMER (x928-29; Isis, I3, 388-92; I4) 454-56). We are nevertheless very grateful to her and hope that in the course of time she will increase our indebtedness.

G. S. Collier, H. Bruce. Answer to Query no. io8.

Fishing with otters. (Isis, 35, 178). Isis, 35, 331, 1944.

Deraniyagala, P. E. P. Some aspects of the Asiatic elephant in zoology and ethnography. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Isi. atic Society, 34, 126-62, i pl., 8 figs., 1938; 35, 7-28, 0 Pl., 5 figs., 1940.

These two parts were issued in Colombo in 1939 and 1941.

Gudger, E. W. Feline fishermen. Some accounts of fishing by domestic cats. Scientific Monthly, 6o, 89-96, 6 figs., 1945.

Gudger, E. W. Fisherman bats of the Caribbean region. Journal of Mammalogy, 26, 1-15, 5 figs., 1945.

Roger, G. H. Physiologie de l'instinct et de l'in- telligence. 324 P., 12 figs. Paris, Flammarion, 1941-

Reviewed by RAYMOND LATARJET, Revue generale des sciences, 52, 55-56 1942.

Thompson, D'Arcy W. The Greek for a dor- *mouse. Classical Philology, 40, i85-86, 1945.

Thorp, Raymond W.; Woodson, Weldon D. Black widow. America's most poisonous spider. With a foreword by EMIL BOGEN. xi+222 p., illus. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1945.

Includes brief chapters on spider lore and tarantism. G. S.

Tilquin, Andre. La toile geometrique des araignees. 536 p., 8 pls. Paris, Les Presses universitaires de France, 1942.

Reviewed by T. H. SAVORY, Nature, 155, 94., 1945.

V. SCIENCES OF THE EARTH (implying knowledge of both organic and inorganic nature)

30. GEODESY

Perrier, Georges. Petite histoire de la geodesie. Comment l'homme a mesure et pese la Terre. i88 p. Paris, Alcan, 1939.

Ch. I. XlIIth and XVIIIth centuries; II. The XIXth century; III. The XXth. Elementary but well documented and written by one of the masters of present day geodesy. No bibliography, no index. G. S.

Stetson, Harlan T. Modern evidences for dif- ferential movement of certain points on the earth's surface. Science, Ioo, 87-93, 113-17, 1944.

3 1. GEOGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

Boggs, S. W. "This hemisphere." Department of State Buletin, 12, 845-50, 10 figs., 1945.

[Geographical Journal]. Index to supplements to the Geographical Journal. Recent geographical literature supplements, volumes I-IV, numbers I-4I: I9I8-I932. 469 p. London, Royal Geographical Society, 1936.

Reviewed by WILLIAM H. JESSE, Papers of the Bibli- ographical Society of America, 321, X0205 1938.

Hellpach, Willy. Geopsyche. Die Menschen- seele unterm Einfluss von Wetter und Klima, Boden und Landschaft. Vierte, vollig neu bear- beitete Auflage der "Geopsychischen Erscheinun- gen." xvi+317 p. Leipzig, Engelmann, I935.

The first edition of this work appeared in I9II under the title "Geopsychiche Erscheinungen." This is the fourth, "streamlined" edition. It is divided into four parts dealing with Weather and soul, Climate and soul, Soil and soul, Landscape and soul, and ends with an "Ausblick" on geurgy, by which term is meant the medical application of geopsychology. The book is an interesting document for the study of scientific thought in Germany in our time. It suggests comparison with the German thought of a century earlier, -the Natur- philosophie of the Romantic age. That Naturphiloso- phie, however, was gentle and deeply humane, while



232 3I. Geography to 35. Physical Anthropology

the Nazi philosophy was (I think, we can already use the past tense) brutal and inhuman. HELLPACH'S book, which contains a valuable collection of facts, will help future historians to evaluate fairly Nazi Germany. Thanks to my colleague, FERNAND BALDENSPERGER of Los Angeles, for calling my attention to HELLSPACH'S

Geopsyche. G. S.

Sagui, C.-L. Forets et deserts. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences Naturelles de Vau- cluse, 25 p., 1944.

Discussion of the need of afforestation, including abundant historical references. G. S.

Sanceau, Elaine. The land of Prester John. A chronicle of Portuguese exploration. xi+244 p., maps. New York, Knopf, 1944.

Reviewed by MARK GRAUBARD, Isis, 36, 70, 1945.

32. GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY,

MINING

(For Palaeobotany, Palaeozoology, and Palaeo- anthropology, see, respectively, 28. Botany, 29.

Zoology, and 39. Prehistory.)

Denman, Carolyn. Jade; a comprehensive bibliography. Journal of the American Oriental So- ciety, 65, II8-26, 1945.

Holmes, Arthur. Natural history of granite. Na- ture, 155, 412-15, 1945.

Kenton, Edna. The book of earths. xxv+290 p., 49 PIS., IOO ills. New York, Morrow, I928.

An account of man's conceptions of the earth and its relations to the universe from the earliest times to the present, including the ideas of certain primitive peoples.

I. B. C.

Margerie, Emmanuel de. Critique et geologie. Contribution 'a l'histoire des sciences de la terre (I882-I942). Tome premier. xx+659 P., 250 figs. Paris, Colin, 1943 [colophon dated Macon, February 1944].

Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis, 36, 74-75, I945.

33. METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, TERRES-

TRIAL PHYSICS

Dufour, Louis. Esquisse d'une histoire de la me'torologie en Belgique. Ciel et Terre, 6 I, Io p., I p1., I945-

Dufour, Louis. Les grandes epoques de l'histoire de la meteorologie. Ciel et Terre, 59, 7 pl., 1943.

Dufour, Louis. Les origines de la meteorologie etudiees dans le folklore du vent. Ciel et Terre, 59, I9 p., illus., I943.

Dufour, Louis. Quelques evenements meteoro- logiques anciens. Ciel et Terre, 58, 372-73, I942.

Braine-le-Comte (Belgique), XVIe et XVIIe siecles.

Dufour, Louis. La meteorologie populaire en Belgique. 123 p., frontispiece. (Collection nationale, 4me serie, no 43). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, 1943.

Elaborate study of Belgian folklore concerning the weather. This is of interest not only to Belgians but to the students of comparative folklore. It is divided as follows: I. Celestial bodies (sun, moon, stars). 2.

Meteors; 3. Animals; 4. Varia; 5. Calendar. Conclu- sion. Bibliography. The latter includes 6o titles, but omits SAINTYVES' Astrologie populaire (Paris 1937; Isis, 30, 387). G. S.

VI. ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTOR- ICAL SCIENCES

(Knowledge of man, past and present)

34. ANATOMY

Jacobson, A. C. Penis captivus: myth or actu- ality? With some notes on Sir WILLIAM OS- LER'S alter ego. Medical Times, 3 p., February, 1945-

Rouviere, H. Anatomie philosophique. La finalite dans l' evolution. 124 P., figs. Paris, Masson, 1941I

Reviewed by RENE' PORAK, Revue generale des sciences, 52, 9I 1942.

35. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

(Anthropometry and races of man)

Evans, F. Gaynor. The names of fossil men. Science, 102, I6-17, 1945.

Linton, Ralph (editor). The science of man in the world crisis. 532 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1945.

Reviewed by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 7, 325a I945.

Montagu, M. F. Ashley. An introduction to physical anthropology. xiv+ 325 p., 25 figs. Springfield, Ill., Thomas, I945. $4.00.

MONTAGU'S long expected treatise has finally appeared; it is written for the general reader as well as for the student and explains every question in a clear and engaging manner. The subject is divided into 9 chapters. I. Introduction. Physical anthropology: its scope and definition. II. The primates as a zoological group. III. The origin and evolution of the primates. IV. The origin and evolution of man. V. The criteria and mechanism of ethnic group differentiation. VI. The divisions and ethnic groups of man. VII. The significance of isolate



35. Physical Anthropology to 38. Archaeology 233

differences or the relation between body, mind, and culture. VIII. Heredity and the influence of the environment upon man. Appendix. A practical synopsis of methods of measurement in physical anthropology.

Chapter IV. is an introduction not only to palaeoan- thropology but to prehistory as well (with an elaborate synoptic table of human history from the Pliocene up). The book is recommended to historians of science interested in the beginnings or the dawn of science; indeed, the author belongs to their own group and is equally well known for his studies in their field as for his ana- tomical and anthropological ones. G. S.

Montagu, M. F. Ashley. Man's most dangerous myth: the fallacy of race. Foreword by ALDOUS HUXLEY. Second edition: revised and enlarged. xvi+304 p. New York, Columbia University Press, 1945. $3.25.

The first edition of this book (1942) was fully reviewed in Isis (34, 419-20). The book was reprinted within a year and reedited within four. The text has been thoroughly revised and much new material added, to wit, four chapters, "Race and blood," "Myths relating to the physical characters of the American Negro," "Are the Jews a race4" C"What is the solution?", and three appendices. This is the latest edition, but collectors of last editions are warned that it is not the last. I hope that the next edition will include some reference to the very interesting studies on basal metabolism made at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Boston. Those painstaking investigations have thus far failed to reveal the existence of racial differences. See WILSON note below. G. S.

Wilson, Elsie A. Basal metabolism from the standpoint of racial anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 3, I-I 9, I945.

"From this survey it is apparent that so many different factors may play concurrent roles in affecting the basal metabolism that it is impossible at the present time to say whether the different levels of basal metabolism noted with the various races thus far studied are reflections of a racial characteristic alone or are the results of a com- bination of some or all the factors just mentioned, or even of factors thus far unsuspected."

36. PHYSIOLOGY (human and comparative)

Heilbrunn, L. V. Tratado de fisiologia general. Version castellana de la segunda edicion inglesa por J. J. IZQUIERDO y por J. GARCIA RAMOS. xix+IO26 p., I37 figs. Mexico, Imprenta Uni- versitaria, I944.

The translation of Prof. HEILBRUNN'S Outline of general phtysiology will give great pleasure to American scientists whether they speak English or Spanish. The Outline was published by Saunders in Philadelphia, first in 1938, then revised and much increased in 1943. LEWIS VICTOR HEILBRUNN is professor of zoology at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. IZQUIERDO is professor of physiology in the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Mexico. He is well known to our readers because of his deep interest in the history of

science and his many studies on the history of physiology. Let us hope that this treatise will obtain in Spanish America the success it deserves. The University Press of Mexico should be congratulated for the production of this very handsome volume. G. S.

Luck, James Murray; Hall, Victor E. An- nual review of physiology. Vol. VI, 630 p. An- nual Reviews, Inc., Stanford University, Cali- fornia, i944. $5.00.

The preparation of this widely useful volume required the services of 23 collaborators dealing with I7

topics. It involved the listing of 3233 contributions by 1344 authors in many different journals. The diversity of subject matter is attested by the subject index of over 1300 topics. Scientific activity is thus very great in the field of physiology. This activity is the outcome of endowed medical schools and heavily subsidized agricultural experiment stations. The first group conserves health and fights diseases and the second increases the plant and animal sources of food. They are both social agencies of prime importance in the current history of science. This annual volume is a historical document of permanent value and, due to the bibliographies and indices, a useful tool in an important field of science.

In addition to the basic functions of digestion, secre- tion, excretion, reproduction, circulation, respiration, vision, and endocrines, all of which require an annual review, this volume takes up certain special topics such as developmental physiology, neoplastic growth, effects of heat and cold, tissue water and electrolytes, the physiology of the skin, synaptic transmission in the nervous system and its visceral functions, physiological psychology, and industrial physiology. C. A. K.

Luckhardt, Arno B. The beginnings of physiology. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Edu- cation, 9, 299-3 I2, I945.

Luckhardt, Arno B. Digestion. American Jour- nal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 3I2-29,

I945.

38. ARCHAEOLOGY (generalities, methods) HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ERUDITION

Hudson, Douglas Rennie. Keltic metal work and manuscript illumination. Metallurgia, 31, 283-90; 32, 9-13, 1945.

"The Keltic Style developed from Continental La Tene; the whorls, trumpets and scrolls may be corre- lated with Aegean patterns. Irish penannular brooches may be traced back to Halstatt and eventully to spec- tacle fibulae from the Balkans. Following St. Patrick's evangel, sublimation led to a vigorous mission throughout Europe, from Iceland to Italy. Foundation of famous monastic workshops led to a magnificent floruit about the gth century, but the Christianization of Ba- varia and Switzerland by the Keltic Mission is better known. Red enamel, probably introduced about A.D. 200

from Wales, where yellow and blue also flourished, became characteristic of Irish monastic work. Designs in manuscript illumination, which led the world, are shown to be derived from the intricate patterns of metal



234 38. Archaeology to 43. Sociology

interlacing, and the author suggests that decoration in red dots (to the exclusion of other colours) is a copy of the orange-red spots in Irish cloisonne."

40. ETHNOLOGY (Primitive and popular science)

Cherblanc, Emile. "Histoire generale du tissu. Document No I." Memoire sur l'invention du tissu. 76 p., 26 figs., 6 pls. Paris, Editions d'Art et d'Histoire, I935.

Analyse critique dans L'Etkinographie, n? 3', I64-66, 1935.

Fehringer, Otto. The oldest domestic animal. Research and Progress, 8, 225-29, 4 figs., 1942.

[GRIMM, JACOB and WILHELM]. Grimm's Fairy Tales. With 212 illustrations by JOSEF SCHARL. xiv+864 p. New York, Pantheon Books, 1944. $7.50.

Introduced by PADRAIC COLUM, charmingly illustrated by JOSEF SCHARL, and completed by a folkloristic commentary by JOSEPH CAMPBELL, this beautiful edition of GRIMM'S Fairy Tales, in the translation by MARGARET HUNT revised by JAMES STERN, will give great pleasure to its readers. This is certainly the best edition of GRIMM to be published in the English language. It is highly recommended for adult, if not entirely for infant, consumption. M. F. A. M.

Hirschberg, Walter. Der Mondkalender in der Mutterrechts-Kultur. Anthropos, 26, 46 I-67, 1931-

Hulme, E. Wyndham. Prehistoric and primitive iron smelting. Part II. The crucible processes of the East. Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 21, for 1940-41, 23-30, 2 figS., 1943.

Lemoine, Jean-Gabriel. Les gestes de nombres et leur importance ethnographique et linguistique. L'Ethnographie, no 31, 107-09, 1935.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. The dynamics of culture change. Xvii+ 171 p. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1945. $2.50.

Carefully edited by Dr. PHYLLIS M. KABERRY, who contributes an introduction, the present posthumous volume from MALINOWSKI'S pen is an exposition of the tasks of that "practical anthropology" which he so con- sistently advocated and did so much to establish. Essen- tially the book is an exposition of the theory and practice of dealing with a native people under the influence of white administrators. The area with which the book deals is Africa under British rule. This is not MALI- NOWSKI'S best book. It was in process of being created when he died. It is open to criticism on several scores, but for all its faults it will be found to be a genuinely stimulating treatment of an important branch of anthropology, and as is always the case with anything that MALINOWSKI wrote, a most readable and original book. See Isis, 34, 146-50. M. F. A. M.

Malinowski, Bronislaw. A scientific theory of culture and other essays. iX+228 p. Chapel Hill, N. C., University of North Carolina Press, I944.

Reviewed by C. S. MYERS, Nature, I 5 6, 7i8-I 9, 1945.

Rock, Fritz. Neunmalneun und Siebenmalsieben. Mittlg. d. .lnthr. Ges. in Wien, 6o, 320-30, 1930.

Rock, Fritz. Zahlen-Welt und Kalender-Bilder. Mannus, 20I-I9, I929.

Anciens calendriers germaniques. J. P.

Riick, Fritz. Die kulturhistorische Bedeutung von Ortungsreihen und Ortungsbildern. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Chronologie. inthropos, 255-302, 1930.

Vesey-FitzGerald, Brian. Gypsies of Britain. An introduction to their history. xvi+204 p. London, Chapman and Hall, I944.

Reviewed by HARRY ROBERTS, Nature, Ix5, 65-66, 1945.

White, Leslie A. Diffusion vs. evolution: anti- evolutionist fallacy. dmerican 1nthropologist, 47, 339-56, I945.

Wolff, Kurt H. A methodological note on the empirical establishment of culture patterns. lmerican Sociological Review, I0, 176-84, 1945. Addenda, 8 p. mimeographed.

The article contains four parts: I. The cultural ap. proach; II. Selection of patterns; III. Empirical estab. lishment of patterns; IV. Summary of the theory presented in this paper. A fifth part, Preliminary hypotheses regarding the culture of the Spanish people of an un- named locality in New Mexico, is published in mimeo. graphed form (8 p.,) by the Department of Sociology, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. G. S.

41. SUPERSTITION AND OCCULTISM

Brogden, Stanley. Superstition is returning. Discovery, I, 403-o6, 1938.

Circumstances which caused a revival of astrology in England in 1930-38.

C. W. A.

43. SOCIOLOGY, JURISPRUDENCE AND

POSrrIVE POLrrY

Anshen, Ruth Nanda (editor). Beyond victory. 291 p. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1943.

$3.50. This is the third in a series of valuable volumes issued

under the editorship of Mrs. RUTH NANDA ANSHEN. The present collaborative work is primarily concerned with those basic problems which the post-war planners must face and solve if we are to create a free and orderly world. The contents of the volume are as follows: R. N. ANSHEN, "The rights of man"; J. T. SHOrWELL, "The nature of peace"; C. J. HAMBRO, "World organization";



43. Sociology to 44. History of Civilization 235

R. M. MACIVER, "The interplay of cultures"; A. J. TOYNBEE, "Has Christianity a future?"; W. P. MON- TAGUE, "Religion after the war"; MARGARET MEAD, "The family in the future"; C. J. FRIEDRICH, "War and government"; A. HANSEN, "Economic organization for peace"; J. G. WINANT, "International Labor organization and future social policy"; M. KARPOVICH, "Russia in the new world"; A. MEIKLEJOHN, "Educa- tion and the future"; J. B. CONANT, "Science and society in the post-war world"; J. NEHRU, "The end of im- perialism"; W. H. HAMILTON, "The end of the political frontier"; Hu SHIH, "Force as an instrument of law and government"; R. EMERSON, "The future role of the former colonial peoples"; T. ARNOLD, "Free enterprise and planned organization"; H. A. WALLACE, "The people's cause"; W. H. BEVERIDGE, "Freedom in social security"; R. N. ANSHEN, "The nature of man"; Index.

M. F. A. M.

Bryson, Lyman; Finkelstein, Louis; Mac- Iver, Robert M. (editors). Approaches to national unity. Fifth symposium. xxiv+ 1037 P. New York, Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in Their Relation to the Demo- cratic Way of Life; distributed by Harper & Brothers, 1945.

"The papers included in this volume were prepared for the fifth meeting of the Conference on Science, Phi- losophy and Religion in Their Relation to the Demo- cratic Way of Life, which was held at the Men's Faculty Club of Columbia University on September 7, 8, 9, IO, and ii, I944.11 The papers number 6z and many are followed by discussions. The book is so rich in contents that it defies analysis. Every student of national unity and every worker for that unity should read it. G. S.

Greenwood, Ernest. Experimental sociology: a study in method. Foreword by PAUL F. LAZARS- FELD. xvi+ I 66 p. New York, King's Crown Press, 1945. $2.25.

Any bona fide scientist reading this book would have just cause to remark that if this is a sample of 'scientific sociology' the cause is, indeed, lost. In the first place Dr. GREENWOOD is evidently quite unequipped for the task he set himself. Such knowledge of the philosophy of science and the nature of scientific activities as he has, seems to have been acquired by rather pedestrian reading -which is scarcely enough. And in the second place, he appears to be quite unacquainted with the vast literature of unpremeditated natural experiments which would have contributed so much to the support of his exposition of the ex post facto technique. Since this is the experimental method which he feels should provide the sociol- ogist with abundant material for his observations and generalizations, the author might, at the very least, have studied the anthropological literature in greater detail than he has done.

Dr. GREENWOOD'S survey of the social experiments which have been conducted and of the various experimental methods which are open to sociologists are, in general, inadequately set out and inadequately criticized.

Some one needs to try again. M. F. A. M.

Warner, W. Lloyd; Srole, Leo. The social systems of American ethnic groups. xii+3i8 p.

(Yankee City Series, 3). New Haven, Yale University Press, 1945.

44. HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

(General history, Historical methods, Biography, Chronology)

Dodd, Stuart Carter. A mass-time triangle. Philosophy of Science, I I, 233-44, ill., 1944.

Ebenstein, William. The German record: a political portrait. ix+334 p. New York, Farrar & Rinehart, 1945. $2.25 text ed., $3.00 trade ed.

An exceptionally readable and informative socio- political account of that national delinquent, Germany. The author writes with deep understanding and out of an impressively broad background of knowledge relating to all things German. This is a very important book, very wise, and highly desirable reading for anyone who would understand the Germans and how they may best be handled in future years. M. F. A. M.

[Renaissance]. Survey of recent scholarship in the period of Renaissance. Compiled for the Com- mittee on Renaissance Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies. First series. I945.

The most interesting to our readers of the twelve surveys of this First Series is the one on science by FRANCIS R. JOHNSON and SANFORD V. LARKEY (39 P.). The others deal, respectively, with Neo-Latin literature, by DON C. ALLEN; German literature, by JOHN G. KUNSTMANN; French literature, by SAMUEL F. WILL; English literature, by ROSEMUND TuvE; Philosophy, by PAUL 0. KRISTELLER and JOHN H. RANDALL, JR.; Economic history, by F. L. NuSSBAUM; Political theory, by FELIX GILBERT; The Catholic Church, by RAPHAEL M. HUBER; The German Reformation, by WILHELM PAUCK; Classical and Biblical scholarship, by ROLAND H. BAINTON and DEAN P. LocKWOOD; Music, by CARLETON S. SMITH and WILLIAM DINNEEN. An introduction is contributed by Louis B. WRIGHT. The method used to encourage Renaissance studies is very good; let us hope that it will be continued year after year. Con- gratulations to the Committee in charge and to its chair- man, LEICESTER BRADNER of Brown University G. S.

Steinberg, S. H. A short history of Germany. xi+304 p. New York, Macmillan; Cambnrdge University Press, I945. $3.00.

A sound, lucid, up-to-date history of Germany which begins with the year 9II and terminates with Hitler's invasion of Czechoslovakia on i5 March, 1939, and the invasion of Poland i September of the same year. There are twelve valuable maps, and a good index.

M. F. A. M.

Vlekke, Bernard H. M. Evolution of the Dutch nation. xi+377 p. New York, Roy Publishers, 1945. $3.50.

Excellent history of the Netherlands written by a well trained and wise historian. His account of the last twenty years describes the failure of the League of Na-



236 44. History of Civilization to 50. History of Medicine

tions as seen from a Dutch window. The history ends at the time when the liberation of the Netherlands was begun and their resurrection as a free and progressive nation was already certain. G. S.

Weisinger, Herbert. English attitudes toward the relationship between the Renaissance and the Reformation. Church History, 14, 23 p., I945.

45. HISTORY OF ART

(Art and Science, Iconography, Arts and Crafts)

Hourticq, Louis. L'art et la science. 243 p. (Bibliotheque de Philosophie scientifique). Paris, Flammarion, I943.

Morris, Bertram. The aesthetic process. ix+ I 89 p. Evanston, Northwestern University, 1943. $2.25.

This is one of the clearest discussions of the nature of the aesthetic process which I have read. Aesthetic theory is one of the most difficult branches of philosophy, and in the past has suffered considerably from what might be called the impractical metaphysical approach. Dr. MORRIS'S approach is in terms of an eminently practical analysis, of the Dewey-Whitehead type. His book, in consequence, may be read with profit and pleasure as a clarification of an important aspect of human experience which, properly understood, represents "a liberating activity which gives direction to human power."

M. F. A. M.

47. HISTORY OF MORALS

(Moral organization of society)

Leake, Chauncey D. Ethicogenesis. The Phi- losophical Society of Texas, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, Dallas, December 6, I944, 7- 34, I945.

Deake LEAKE has been trying for years to establish ethics on a scientific basis. For example, "'Behavior patterns between individual persons or groups of people, tend to become adjusted (by trial and miss) toward those which yield the greatest mutual satisfaction'. It is im- plied that the concept of 'good' develops in a manner which is dependent upon those mutually satisfying behavior patterns." The present address to the Philosophi- cal Society of Texas is a review of the whole problem, with an impressive array of expert opinion. G. S.

Ledent, Adrien. Histoire des doctrines morales. 84 P., frontispiece. (Collection Lebegue, 6me serie, no 67). Bruxelles, Office de Publicite, '945.

Contents: I. Les doctrines antiques; II. Le reveil religieux; III. Le rationalisme moderne; IV. L'Ecole empiriste; V. KANT et le morale du devoir; VI. Les tendances contemporaines; VII. Conclusion generale. Bibliographie.

49. HISTORY OF RELIGION

(Science and Religion)

Hocking, William Ernest. Science and the idea of God. xi+ 124 P. (John Calvin McNair Lec- tures). Chapel Hill, N. C., University of North Carolina Press, 1944.

Reviewed in Nature, I 5 6,28 I, 1945.

Huber, Raphael M. A documented history of the Franciscan Order: from the birth of ST.

FRANCIS to the Division of the Order under LEO X, II82-I517. xxxiv+Io28 p. Milwau- kee, Privately printed, 1945.

Reviewed by ALFRED H. SWEET, American Historical Review, 5I, XIo6-o8, 1945.

Sandblad, Henrik. De eskatologiska forestiill- ningarna i Sverige under reformation och mot- reformation. 294 p. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wik- sells, 1942 (in Swedish).

Eschatological conceptions in Sweden during the Ref- ormation and the Counter Reformation. After a brief mediaeval introduction, the work is divided as follows: I. Reformation. Elias and Antichrist. The Swedish reformation. Senectus mundi. II. Counter Reformation. Ecclesia militans. Officina armorum. Propagatio fidei. Pressura gentium. - It is a great pity that this richly documented book is not available to the international public which might be interested in it, and that the author lacked the charity of providing a summary of it in a language of international currency. G. S.

VII. MEDICINE

50. HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, AND PHILOSOPHY

OF MEDICINE

Aschner, Bernard. Empiricism and rationalism in past and present medicine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 269-86, 1945.

Barkhuus, Arne. Medical surveys from HIP- POCRATES to the world travellers, p. 1986-96, ills.; Medical geographies, p. 1997-20I6, ills.; Geomedicine and geopolitics, p. 2017-20. Ciba Symposia, 6, 1945.

Bell, Whitfield, J., Jr. Suggestions for research in the local history of medicine in the United States. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7,

460-76, I945. Binger, Carl. The doctor's job. 243 p., frontis-

piece. New York, Norton, I945. $3.00. "In The Doctor's Job a highly civilized man -hu-

morous, compassionate, and wise -reveals the great organized world of modern medicine on which your doctor can call for help in helping you. Writing easily,



50. History of Medicine 237

intimately, he shows how new knowledge has brought new understanding of the causes of many illnesses, and has thus charted new ways of curing them. He deals with the revolutionary influence that psychiatry and psychoanalysis have had and explains the outlines of psychosomatic medicine as it relates to such familiar diseases as asthma, high blood pressure, and stomach ulcer. He makes clear how the bacteriologist and the pathologist co-operate with the surgeon toward the success of a difficult operation. He discusses the controversial question of so-called socialized medicine in terms of your individual health and well-being." The author is a graduate of the Harvard Medical School (1914), a practising physician in New York City, and a member of the Cornell faculty.

Biraud, Yves. Polyglot glossary of communica- ble diseases. (Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Health Organization, 10, 202-556). London, Allen & Unwin, I1944.

Reviewed by J. A. WILCKEN, Endeavour, 4, 39, 1945.

Bousfield, M. 0. An account of physicians of color in the United States. Bulletin of the His- tory of Medicine, 17, 6I-84, 1945.

Caspari-Rosen, Beate. The doctor at war. Early military medicine; Disease and war; Battle surgery; War experiences; Reflections on war. Ciba Symposia, 6, 2022-52, illUS., 1945.

Clark-Kennedy, A. E. The art of medicine in relation to the progress of thought. A lecture in the history of science course in the University of Cambridge, February ioth, 1945.

Reviewed by G. LAPAGE, Nature, I56, 488, I945.

Clendening, Logan. Literature and material on anaesthesia in the Library of Medical History of the University of Kansas Medical Department, Kansas City, Kansas. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 33, 124-38, 1945.

[Cushing, Harvey]. The Harvey Cushing collection of books and manuscripts. xvi+207 p. (Publication no. I, Historical Library, Yale Med- ical Library). New York, Schuman's, I943.

Reviewed by J. B. DE C. M. SAUNDERS, Isis, 35,

338-41, 1944.

Gebhard, Bruno. Art and science in a health museum. Bulletin of the Medical Library Asso- ciation, 33, 39-49, 3 figs., 1945-

Geiser, Samuel W. Some early medical writings on Texas, of interest to historians. Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 49, I45-48, I945.

Gordon, Maurice Bear. Medicine in colonial New Jersey and adjacent areas. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 38-6o, 1945.

Heaton, Claude Edwin. Medicine in New York during the English Colonial period. I664-1775. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 9-37, I I figs., 1945.

Kisch, Bruno. Suggestions for arranging a collection of medicina in nummis. Bulletin of the Medical Library association, 33, 80-89, 1945.

Licht, Sidney. The history of electrodiagnosis. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i 6, 45o-67, 1944-

McDonough, Mary Lou (editor). Poet physicians: an anthology of medical poetry, written by physicians. xiii+210 p. Springfield, Ill., Thomas, I945- $5.00.

This attractively produced volume will delight as well as instruct the reader. Not all physician-poets have written good poetry, but most of them included in the present volume have, and a selection of their good poems is to be found in its pages. The few poems that are not really good are at least interesting. Since most of these poems have never before appeared in an anthology, most of them are likely to be new to the reader, and he is in virtue of that fact in for some pleasant surprises. While most of the poems are the work of English- speaking physicians, there is a good sprinkling of translations from other languages and other times. The biographical accounts of the poet-physicians which precede their poems are very useful but, alas, not always as accurate as they might be, nor is the emphasis upon their achievements often put in the right places.

There is an index of authors with birth and death dates and land or state of birth together with a cumu- lative index of poet-physicians with inclusive dates and birthplace, and there is a short selected bibliography.

M. F. A. M.

Major, Ralph H. Classic descriptions of disease. 3rd edition. xxxii+679 p. Springfield, Thomas, 1945. $6o50.

It is a pleasure to welcome a third edition of this invaluable collection of first or earliest known accounts of the diseases which have afflicted and continue to afflict the body of man. This latest edition is particularly attractively produced and many of the accounts have gone into double column, mnuch to the improve- ment of the physical appearance of a book which in its earlier editions was not lacking in distinction. Professor MAJOR'S summaries and lively biographical sketches, together with an abundance of portraits and other illustrations, add greatly to the value of a work which is itself destined to become something of a classic. One could wish that for some future edition Professor MAJOR may be persuaded to add a section on classic descriptions of diseases of the mind. Since the distinction between mind and body is a purely arbitrary one such a section would very properly belong in such a work. Classic descriptions of disease is in every way an excellent example of good bookmaking. M. F. A. M.

Miller, Genevieve (editor). Bibliography of the history of medicine of the United States and



238 5o. History of Medicine

Canada - 1944. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 477-5I3, 1945.

Miller, Genevieve. The study of American medical history. Bulletin of the History of Med- icine, 17, i-8, 1945.

Moll, Aristides A. Aesculapius in Latin America. xii+639 p., ills. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1944.

Reviewed by CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE, Isis, 36, 81-82, 1945; and by PHILIP AINSWORTH MEANS (I892-1944) Isis, 36, 82-83, 1945.

Riese, W. The structure of the clinical history. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, i 6, 437-49, 1944.

Seaborn, Edwin. The march of medicine in Western Ontario. xviii+386 p., II3 flls. To- ronto, Ryerson Press, 1944.

Divided into three parts. I. Indian (p. i-io), II. French (p. 11-33), III. English (p. 34-378). Very well documented. The author is professor in the Uni- versity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. G. S.

Stern, Bernhard J. American medical practice in the perspectives of a century. xi+I56 p. (Studies of the New York Academy of Medicine, Committee on Medicine and the Changing Or- der.). New York, Commonwealth Fund, 1945.

Reviewed by HELEN CLAPESATTLE, American His- torical Review, 5 is I 63, 1945.

Taylor, Frank Sherwood. The conquest of bacteria. From salvarsan to sulphapyridine. Fore- word by HENRY E. SIGERIST. 175 p. New York, Philosophical Library and Alliance Book Corp., 1942.

Dr. TAYLOR who is a well-known English popularizer of science has divided his book into ten chapters. He begins with a discussion of "Bacteria and disease." After briefly reviewing the history of bacteriology and discussing the present status of the germ theory he con- tinues with a second chapter on "The body's defenses." Here he tells how the body resists infection. This leads logically to the next section on the development of drugs effective against micro-organisms. Here the real story of the conquest of bacteria begins and we learn of the early efforts to kill parasites within the body. In the fourth chapter we are introduced to the work of PAUL EHR- LICH, his studies on trypanosomiasis, his synthesis of atoxyl, and finally the first great triumph of chemo- therapy in i9io, the synthesis of salvarsan, the drug so effective against syphilis.

The hopes of mankind rose and much scientific labor was expended to repeat this triumph for other diseases. But progress was slow. Several drugs were prepared which were effective against certain tropical fevers, but the common afflictions of a large portion of the human race still resisted treatment.

For such diseases as the dread streptococcus septicemia, puerperal fever, the pneumonias, cerebrospinal meningitis, gonorrhoeae, and many other bacterial infections

there was no magic bullet. But in 1935 there came the electrifying news that GERARD DOMAGK, a German experimental pathologist, had announced the discovery of the therapeutic action of a drug against streptococci. It was Prontosil, now officially known as sulfanilamide. This was the first of a series of miracle-working chemical compounds, generically called the sulfonamides which are literally revolutionizing medical practice. Many of our most formidable diseases are now being successfully treated and even the horrors of war are being somewhat mitigated by these new curative agents.

Dr. TAYLOR has done well in naming his book "The conquest of bacteria." In the remaining chapters of his book the author tells us what these new drugs are, how they were discovered, how they work, and finally in an excellent concluding chapter he voices a plea for continued research as the only means for making effective the gains already made. M. C. L.

Tricot-Royer. Les saints dans la medecine populaire. SAINT CORNEILLE. Le Scalpel, 95, 467- 68, 1942.

Wilson, Charles Morrow. Ambassadors in white; the story of American tropical medicine. x+372 p., illus. New York, Henry Holt, 1942.

$3.50. The author of this book, a journalist with a flair for

interpretive scientific writing, has given us an excellent introductory account of a field of medical history as yet inadequately explored. Despite the millions upon millions of words which have been written in recent years about the life and culture of our Latin American neighbors, very few of those words have been devoted to an exposition of the science and medicine of that part of the world which lies between the Rio Grande and Cape Horn. Mr. WILSON begins his account with the statement that in this area inhabited by some one hundred and twenty million persons, about fifty million of them are sick at any given moment. They are afflicted with many diseases, some, common here, such as tuberculosis, cancer, infantile paralysis, typhoid fever and meningitis; others either infrequent or unknown, such as malaria, jungle yellow fever, Oroya fever, pinta, ainhum, Chagas disease and onchocerciasis. The author points out that the great problem which faces our southern neighbors is the conquest of disease. The main part of WILSON'S story is devoted to an account of how North American medical scientists "Ambassadors in white" have helped in the solution of some of the most pressing problems. Thus there are chapters on CARLOS FINLAY of Cuba and WALTER REED of the U. S. Army and their solution of the yellow fever riddle, GORGAS of Alabama and his sanitation exploits in Panama and Havana, DEEKS the Canadian who concerned himself with the problems of malnutrition. One of the most absorbing chapters is entitled "Banana medicine," describing the work of the Medical Department of the United Fruit Company.

The book is well illustrated and has a good bibliography. Mr. WILSON has done a good job of making known a field of study scarcely explored by the historians of science and medicine. It is time now for an increase in the number of detailed and serious studies into the scientific and medical history of our Latin American neighbors. Their own contributions deserve to be known.

M. C. L.



51. Epidemiology to 53. Pharmacy 239

5I. EPIDEMIOLOGY. HISTORY OF SPECIAL DISEASES.

MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY. PUBLIC HEALTH. BALNEOLOGY. SOCIAL MEDICINE

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. The development of our knowledge of malaria, p. 38-50, illus.; The history of malaria, p. 5I-56, illus.; The treatment and prevention of malaria, p. 57-62, flIUS.; Malaria in the United States, p. 63-68, illus. Ciba Symposia, 7, 1945.

Ackerknecht, Erwin H. Malaria in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1760-I900. Supplements to the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, no. 4, viii+ 142 P., I I figs., maps, tables. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1945.

Greenwald, Isidor. The early history of goiter in the Americas, in New Zealand, and in Eng- land. A contribution to the etiology of the disease. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I7, 229-69, I945.

Mullett, Charles F. Hydrophobia: its history in England to I 8oo. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, I8, 44-65, 1945-

Norman, Hubert J. The relation of mental disorder to events in history. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 33, 60-79, 1945.

Rosen, George. The history of miners' diseases. A medical and social interpretation. With an introduction by HENRY E. SIGERIST. 490 p., illus. New York, Schuman's, 1943.

Reviewed by MAX H. FISCH, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 33, I20-21 1945; and by ERWIN H. ACKERKNECHT, Bull. of the Hist. of Med., i6, 517, 1944.

Winslow, Charles-Edward A. The conquest of epidemic disease. xii+41 I P. Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1943.

Reviewed by J. B. DE C. M. SAUNDERS, Isis, 35, 347, 1'944.

Young, J. H. Caesarean section. The history and development of the operation from earliest times. 254+viii p. London, Lewis, 1944.

Reviewed by 0. TEMKIN, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 528-29, 1945.

52. HISTORY OF HOSPITALS, OF MEDICAL TEACH- ING, AND OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

Cohn, Alfred E. Research. An experiment in municipal organization. Goldwater Memorial Hospital. Chapter III: History, p. I2-46. City of New York, Department of Hospitals, I 945.

Norwood, William Frederick. Medical education in the United States before the Civil War. Foreword by HENRY E. SIGERIST. xvi+487 P. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, '944.

Reviewed by GENEVIEVE MILLER, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 17, 530-32, I1945; and by H. G. WEISKOrrEN, Science, 101, 176I , 1X945.

Roemer, Milton I. Government's role in Ameri- can medicine -a brief historical survey. Bulle- tin of the History of Medicine, i8, 146-68, 1945.

53. PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY. TOXICOLOGY

Allen, Edgard Yan. Russian pharmacopoeias and a method for their classification. American Journal of Pharmacy, xi 6, I 62-63, 1944.

Bienfang, Ralph. Thumbnail history of pharmacy in the U. S. Army. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 223-28, 1945.

Buess, H. Historisches zur Schwefeltherapie. Ciba Zeitschrift, 9, 35I6-25, ills., 1945.

Castiglioni, Arturo. Apothecary jars in antiquity, 2054-60, illus.; Apothecary jars in the Renaissance, 206I-8i, illus.; The pharmacy in the American colonies, 2082-84, illus. Ciba Symposia, 6, 1945.

Colle, Henry. The study of the history of pharmacy. Atustralasian Journal of Pharmacy, 25, 682-84, I944-

Colle, Henry. The United States as the new center for the study of the history of pharmacy. American Journal of Pharmacy, 117, 35-39, I945.

Kremers, Edward. Documents pertaining to the medicinal supplies within the North American Colonies from 1643 to 178o. Introduction and supplement by GEORGE URDANG. 22+24+ 70 + I8 + 6o p., illus. Madison, Wisconsin, American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 1944.

This is a bound collection of four reprints from The Badger Pharmacist (I937 to 1940). I. Receipts to cure various disorders. For my worthy friend Mr. WIN- THROP. 1643. 2. The Lititz pharmacopoeia. I1778 (Lititz in Lancaster County, Pa., was a Moravian settle- ment). 3. A drug list of King Philip's War. 1676. 4. COSTE'S Compendium pharmaceuticum. 1780. JEAN FRANSOIS COSTE, born near Geneva, 1741, was appointed chief physician to ROCHAMBEAU'S army; he published his Compendium in Newport, 1780. These papers, including many facsimilies, are important contributions to the history of American pharmacy. Dr. URDANC, KRAM- ER'S collaborator and successor, has added an introduc-



240 53. Pharmacy to 58. Catalogues

tion and a supplement to the study of the Lititz pharmacopoeia. G. S.

Pepper, 0. H. Perry. A note on the Placebo. Transactions & Studies of the College of Physi- cians of Philadelphia, i3, 8I-82, I945.

Roddis, Louis H. Materials and outline for a short history of pharmacognosy. American Jour- nal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 19-21,

1945-

Schroeter, J. Der Schwefel in der Antike, p. 3490-95, ills.; Der Schwefel in der Alchemie und in der alteren Chemie, p. 3497-3502, ills.; Schwefel in Kult und Heilaberglauben, p. 3527- 29, ills. Ciba Zeitschrift, 9, 1945.

Urdang, George. History, ethics, and literature of pharmacy. A select bibliography. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 491-503, 1944.

Valuable bibliographical introduction to the history and humanities of pharmacy, by the leading student of the subject in the United States. G. S.

Urdang, George. The legend of cinchona. Sci- entific Monthly, 6i, 17-20, 1945.

An inquiry as to the discovery of the value of quinine in curing malaria.

Urdang, George. Las biografias como material y tema de historia de la farmacia. Revista Ar- gentina de historia de la medicina, 4, 4I-63,

1945.

Urdang, George. Materials and outline for a short history of pharmacognosy. American Jour- nal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 199-206, 1945.

Urdang, George. Pharmacy and aviation. Amer- ican Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 9, 207-09, 1945.

VIII. EDUCATION (Methods of accumulating,

imparting, and diffusing knowledge)

56. BIBLIOGRAPHY (Methods, Libraries)

Rider, Fremont. The scholar and the future of the research library: a problem and its solution. xiii+236 p. New York, Hadham Press, 1944.

Reviewed by WILLIAM JEROME WILSON, Isis, 36, 8 3-86, 1945.

58. CATALOGUES OF SECOND-HAND BOOKS ON THE

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Many catalogues of second-hand books are so interesting and so full of valuable information that we register

them in this section, together with other lists of a similar nature, such as catalogues of scientific medals and prints. When applying to the publishers of these catalogues for a copy, please mention Isis.

[Argosy Book Stores]. Catalogue 232. Medi- cal books, chiefly recent acquisitions. 63 p., 1054 items (received Feb. 1945). Catalogue 238. Medicine in rare & early editions. 59 p., 931 items. (received April 1945). Catalogue 241. Americana of every kind on many subjects. 70 p., 1012 items (received April 1945). Catalogue 242. Americana, collectors' miscellany. 87 p., 1154 items. (received April 1945). Catalogue 243. Books & related items. Americana, collectors' miscellany. II 1 2 items. (received May 1945). Catalogue 244. Americana & collectors' miscellany. I157 items. (received May 1945). Catalogue 245. Collectors' catalogue. Ameri- cana. Miscellaneous items. 79 p., io96 items. (received July 1945). Catalogue 248. Books for scholars. 86 p., 2520 items. (received Oct. 1945). Bones & joints. I58 items. (received Sept. 1945). Botany & botanic medicine. 134 items. (received June 1945). Genito-urinary. 315 items. (received Sept. 1945). Medical chemistry & science. 274 items. (received June 1945). Neurology & neurological surgery. 442 items. (received Nov. 1945). Public health. 237 items. (received June 1945). New York 22, I 14 E. 59th St.

[Art ancien]. List no. 4. Alte Medizin & Ver- wandtes. IO p., 84 items. (received March 1945). List 21. Varia. 205 items. (received Oct. 1945). List 28. Weltliteratur und ihre Geschichte. Moderne Belletristik. 290 items. (received Nov. 1945). Katalog 30. Varia. 136 p., I 131 items. (received Oct. 1945). Zurich 2, Gartenstrasse 24.

[Biblo & Tannen]. Catalogue no. 13. 928 items. New York 3, 57 Fourth Ave., received May 1945).

[Blackwell's]. Catalogue no. 5o6. Judaica, Hebraica, Rabbinica. 38 p., 1253 items. Oxford, England, Broad Street (received April 1945).

[Cambridge Book House]. List no. 41. 220 items. (received Feb. 1945). List no. 43. 250 items. (received April 1945). List no. 45. 260 items. (received May 1945). List no. 46. Books on medical and scientific history. 250 items. (received July 1945). List no. 47. Books on medical and scientific history. 195 items. (received Sept. 1945). List no. 49. i65 items. (received



58. Catalogues 24I

Oct. 1945). Paterson 4, N. J., 612 Fourteenth Ave.

[Chiswick Bookshop]. Catalogue no. 42. A catalogue of early printing, fine presses, litera- tures of the world in their original languages, and translations, notable illustrated editions, current books. 51 p., 527 items. New York 17, 2 E. 46th St. (received Oct. 1945).

[Dauber & Pine Bookshops]. Catalogue 339. The library of John F. Kelly. 48 p., 1260 items. New York I I, 66 Fifth Ave., I1945.

[Davis & Orioli]. Cat. I I 9. Rare books. 49 p., 688 items. (received June 1945). Catalogue 121. Fine books. 206 items. (received Oct. 1945). Catalogue 122. Old and rare books including emblem books, gastronomy, art, a large collection of neo-Latin plays, books of views, and works on science and medicine. 44 p., 62x items. (received Nov. 1945). London, W. I, 56 Mad- dox St.

[Edwards, H. W.]. No. 23. Books for the gar- denist and husbandman. 293 items. 1945. No. 25. Literature and science before I840. 43 p., 209 items. (received Oct. I945). Ashmore Green, Newbury, Berks, England.

[Fiedler, Henry George]. Catalogue no. 96. Catalogue of books and periodicals on geology, crystallography, mineralogy, metallurgy, mining, petroleum, geologic folios of the United States, paleontology. 84 p., 2055 items. New York 3, 31-33 E. ioth St., I945.

[Fletcher, Ifan Kyrle]. Catalogue 83. Scien- tific books, many of them of medical interest. 410

items. London, W. I, 32 Shaftesbury Ave. (received Nov. I945).

[Goldschmidt, E. P.]. Catalogue 77. Bibliog- raphy, including a collection of auction sale catalogues. 43 p., 476 items. (received May I945). Catalogue 78. Manuscripts, incunabula, woodcut books. Latin, Greek, Italian and French literature. History, philosophy, and social sciences, etc. 207 items. (received Oct. I945). London, W. I, 45 Old Bond St.

[Grant, John]. General history, archaeology and law, including calendars, records, Scottish chronicles, military, naval, Egyptology, international law, important sets. 86 p., 2405 items. Edin- burgh I, 3I George IV Bridge, May I945.

[Heffer, W.]. Catalogue no. 6I0. Second-hand books. 3096 items. Cambridge, England, 3-4 Petty Cury (received June I945).

[Heller, F. Thomas]. List no. 35. Early science and medicine. 20 p., 21 items. February 1945. List no. 36. Early science and medicine. 137

items. 1945. List no. 37. Early science and medicine. I33 items. May 1945. List no. 38. Early science and medicine. 112 items. July 1945. List no. 39. Early science and medicine. 195 items. 1945. List no. 40. Early science, early medicine, physiology, psychology. 96 items. November 1945. New York 14, 82 Jane St.

[Hoosier Bookshop]. List no. I I I. Medical history, Periodicals, Military medicine. 371 items. Indianapolis 2, 2135 North Alabama (received March 1945).

[Ideal Bookstore]. List 263. 472 items. New York 25, 1125 Amsterdam Ave. (received April 1945).

[Johnson, Walter J.]. Catalogue I5. Orien- talia, including a collection of Bibles in foreign, mostly Oriental, languages and Judaica. 377 items. 1945. Catalogue no. I6. History of science and medicine through the centuries. 92 p.,

389 items. (received April 1945). Catalogue 17. Books and periodicals on medicine and related subjects. 68 p. I945. Catalogue i8. Greek and Roman classics, European literature, history, theology, Bibles. c. goo items. I945. Dutch books, literature, history, travels, natural history. 3 p. May I945. Neurology, psychiatry, psychoanalysis. 3 p. mimeographed. (received Oct. I945). Romance languages, periodical publications. i p. (received May I945). New York I0, 125 E. 23rd St.

[Kraus, H. P.]. Catalogue 36. The Old and the New World. Early European books and Americana. Incunabula. i6th century woodcut books. Manuscripts. Rare law books. Early Latin American and Philippine imprints. 72 p., I27 items. (received Feb. I945). Catalogue 37. Science through five centuries. 45 p., 2I5 items. (received May I945). Catalogue 38. Sidelights on the Renaissance. 95 p., I35 items, pls. (received Nov. I945). List no. 59. Romance languages and literature. 13 p., 2I8 items. (received Feb. I945). List no. 6o. Russian medical periodicals. 7 p., 70 items. (received Feb. I945).

List no. 62. Orientalia. I97 items. (received March I945). List no. 64. Standard works, sets and periodicals concerning history, paleography, philosophy and literature. 73 items. (received March I945). List no. 65. Early Eu- ropean law books. New acquisitions. I44 items. (received April I945). List no. 72. Rare Eu-



242 58. Catalogues

ropean books from the I5th to the i8th century. 6i items. (received April I945. List no. 73. 82 items. (received May I945). List no. 77. Rare European books from the I5th to the i8th century. Part III: I-M. 89 items. (received July I945). List no. 78. Russian periodicals in the fields of science and technology. I6 items. (received July I945). List no. 84. Bibliographies and reference works, historical and biographical publications, paleography. Books on bookbinding and libraries. 360 items. (received Nov. I945). List no. 86. Latin Americana. History, geography, law, economics, literature, early imprints. Pt. I, A-L. 227 items. (received Nov. I945). New York I 7, i6 E. 46th St.

[Low, David]. Catalogue 57. 44 p., I020 items. (received March I945). Catalogue 58. Eco- nomics and social history. I056 items. (received June I945). Catalogue 59. Science, medicine and technology, I529 items. (received October I945). London, W. C. 2, I7 Cecil Court.

[Luzac & Co.]. Bibliotheca orientalis 55. A catalogue of the library of the late A. G. Ellis. (Part III). 84 p., 446+940 items. I945. Luzac's Oriental list and book review quarterly, 56, no. I, 24 p. London, W. C. I, 46 Great Russell St., 1945.

[Mathews, Alister]. Catalogue 24. I097 items. Clooney Beg, Swanage (Dorset), England, sum- mer I945.

[Mere, R.]. NO 2. Catalogue de livres d'occasion, anciens et modernes. 590 items. Paris (VI), 7, Rue Danton, I945.

[Old Authors Farm]. Catalogue no. I26. Sec- ond catalog of books from the libraries of Sir John A. MacDonald, Gov. Wm. McDougall, and Sir Sandford Fleming. 64 p., 3738 items. R. RR. I, via Morrisburg, Ontario, Canada, Spring I945.

[Old Hickory Bookshop]. List no. 8o. Medi- cine & science. I46 items. (received March I945). List no. 8i. Medicine & science. 229 items. (received June I945). Catalogue 82. Medicine & science, old and rare. 82 p., I029 items. I945-46. New York 3, 65 Fifth Ave.

[Quaritch, Bernard]. No. 630. A catalogue of books and periodicals on arithmetic, astronomy, chemistry, electricity, engineering, mining, navi- gation, physics, etc. 304 items. London, W. i, ii Grafton St., New Bond St., I945.

[Ranschburg, Otto H.]. Catalogue no. 6. Old music. 28 p., I47 items. (received Feb. I945). Catalogue no. 7. Discoveries in science & geography. 72 p., 305 items. (received Oct. I945). List no. I4. Old medicine. 37 items. (received March I945). List no. I6. Aeronautics, history and practice. 66 items. (received July I945).

New York I9, 200 W. 57th St.

[Reichner, Herbert]. Books for libraries, scholars & booklovers. Literature. History. Art and science. 153 items. 100 p. New York 2I, 34 E. 62nd St. (received March I945).

[Salloch, William]. List 47. Music and books on music. 6o p., 809 items. (received March I945). List 48. The ancient world. 66 p., 905 items. (received June I945). Catalogue 49. Renaissance, humanism, and the seventeenth century. Part I: Literature. 40 p., 47I items. (received Sept. I945). Catalogue 50. Renais- sance, humanism, and the seventeenth century. Part II: History and civilization, science, scholarship, theology, music and art. 40 p., 993 items. (received Oct. I945). Catalogue 5i. The Middle Ages. Art, music, literature. 4I2 items. (received Nov. I945). New York 3, 344 E. I7th St.

[Schab, William H.]. Catalogue no. 9. French, Italian and Spanish literature. History of science. Early law books. 249 items. New York 22, 602 Madison Ave. (received March I945).

[Schuman's]. Six significant books relating to the history of medicine. i6 p. New York 2I,

N. Y., 20 E. 70th St. (received May I945).

[Weil, E.]. Catalogue 6. History of science. 39 p., 293 items. (received April I945). Catalogue 7. Early printed books, incunabula, woodcut books, humanist learning, early Arabic and He- brew texts. Early photography. I95 items. (received Nov. I945). London, N. W. II, 28 Litchfield Way.

[Wormser, Richard S.]. List no. 2I3. I00

items. (received March I945). List no. 2I5. American Industry, arts, sciences. I46 items. (received June I945). List: B.U. Metals & minerals. I I9 items. (received March I945). List: B W. Mnemonics. i6i items. (received June i945). List: B Z. Imaginaria, a short list. Hoaxes. Imaginary travels. 32 items. (received Nov. 1945). New York I9, 22 W. 48th St.



59. Memoria technica to Index 243

59. MEMORA TECHNICA

Critical Bibliography no. 69 -Isis, vol. 36, 1946. This note is published at the end of our bibliography

solely for the convenience of the scholars who cut out the whole or part of it, attach extracts to catalogue cards and classify them. By adding this note to the others they will be able to find out rapidly whether this particular bibliography has been analyzed or not.

Isis nos. I02-I03 (vol. 35, part 4, I944; vol. 36, part i, I945).

These numbers are analyzed in the 69th Critical Bibli- ography. Every previous number has been analyzed in previous bibliographies.

6o. ERRATA

(for previous errata, see Isis, 36, 65) Si quis Argi oculos habere posset eosque omnes

diligentissime ac accuratissime intenderet in sin- gulos versus multa tamen eum inter corrigendum effugerent.

The following errata have been kindly communicated by C. W. ADAMS (London), except the last two.

Isis, 8, 22I, line i: Henri de Gand, not Le Grand. I2, 529: Courthope, not Courthode. I5, 595: Marchant, J. XIV, I35, not I55. I7,536, line 3: 4553 B.C. in original, not 5430. i8, 567: Gunther, XVI, I95, not I93. 23, I7I, 9 lines from end: Willsford's appendix

first appeared in the i658 edition of Recorde's Ground of arts.

24,558: Fuchs, W., XXIV, 250, 253, not 205. 24,603: Walker, James, XXII, 25 I .

Walker, John, XXIV, 264. 30,633: Sutcliffe, J. H., XXVIII, 550, not 56o.

Intr. i, 8oo: Democides, 77, not 78. Diabetes, 77, not 97.

2, I67, line 9: chapter 58, not 5I. Isis, 34, 68: End of note on Tong, read Ming and

Ch'ing dynasties. 35, 330: The Latin sentence in second para-

graph was misquoted. It should read, of course: Bene qui latuit bene vixit (P. OVIDII NASONIS Tristium lib. iii, el. iv, I, 25).

INDEX OF NAMES INCLUDED IN THE SIXTY-NINTH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Roman figures followed by (i) or (2) refer to the centurial classification (Part I); thus, Alonso, M. A. (S.J.), XII(i) means that a paper by Alonso is listed under twelfth century, first half.

The Arabic figures refer to the historical and to the systematic classifications (Part II and III) which are subdivided into sections numbered consecutively from i to 6o. For instance, Acharya, P. K., 9 indicates that a paper by Acharya is listed in section 9

(India); Alders, J. C., i6 indicates that a paper by Alders is listed in section I 6 (History of Science).

The symbols IV(a), IV(b), and IV(c) refer to the new sections on America, Oceania, and Africa at the end of Part II. For instance, Beals, R. L., IV(a) indicates that a paper by Beals is listed in section IV(a) (America).

JanuarY 4, I946 FRANCES SIEGEL

A., M. A., IV(i)B.C. Abbot, C. G., XVII(2)A Abel, A., IV(2)B.C. Acharya, P. K., 9 Ackerknecht, E. H., Si Adams, C. C., I4 Adams, R., XIX(i)E Adler, A., X(2) Aga-Oglu, M., 14 Albright, W. F., i2 Alders, J. C., i6 Alexander, J., 25 Allen, E. Y., 53 Alonso, M. A. (S.J.), XII(i) Altekar, A. S., 9 Aluny, N., X(2) Ampere, A., XIX(i)B Andreyev, A. I., XVIII(2) C Andrissi, G. L., 4 (Annals of Science), i6

Anshen, R. N., 43 Anthony, R., XX C Arber, A., XVIII(2)C Archer, W. H., XIX(i)D Archibald, R. C., XVI(2)A, XVII(2)B,

XVIII(I)B, XIX(x)A Armattoe, R. E. G., i6 Armellini, G., XVII(i)B Arnould, E. J., XIII(2), XIV(2) Aschner, B., 50 Aschoff, L., XIX(2)D Ashman, R., i6 Asin Palacios, M., 14 Atlas, S., X(i) Audubon, J. J., XIX(i) C Auger, P., XX B

Baekeland, L. H., XX B Baginski, H., XIX(2)C Baitsell, G. A., XX E

Baker, J. R., I7 Baker, R., XIX(2)D Baldensperger, F., XVIII(2)E,

XIX(i)E, XIX(2))B Bapat, P. V., 9 Banks, Sir J., XVIII(2)C Barbour, T., XX C Barger, E., 8 Barkhuus, A., 50 Barthold, W., 8 Barua, B. M., g Batchelor, L. D., 28 Bateman, H., XIX(i)A Baudry, L., XIV( i) Bauer, D. deF., XIX( I) D Bauer, H., 8 Bay, J. C., XVIII(2)C, XIX(2)C, 28 Bayon, H. P., XVIII(2)D Beals, R. L., IV(a) Beckerlegge, 0. A., XIII(2)



244 Index to 69th Critical Bibliography

Beekman, F., XIX(I)D Beer, E. S. de, XVI(2)C Bell, H. I., VII (2) Bell, W. J., Jr., XVIII(2)C, 50 Bellinger, R. R., 4. Bellington, E. F., XX D Beltran, E., XIX( I)C, XIX(2)C, 27 Bennett, G. T., XX A Behoit-Levy, J., 26 Benrubi, I., XIX(2)E Berger, A., VI(I) Beyer, H., IV(a) Bichowsky, F. R., VI B.C. Bidez, J., IV(2)B.C., 4. Bienfang, R., 53 Bingen, J., 2 Binger, C., 50 Biraud, Y., 50

al-Biruni, XI 0I) Biswas, P., g Blau, J. L., 12 Bloomfield, J. J., XX D Bodin, J., XVI(2)E Boggs, S. W., 1 7, 3 1 Bonner, J. C., XIX(2)C Borel, E., 22

Borton, H., I i

Boule, M., XIX(2) C Boulger, G. S., 28 Bounakoff, G., IO Bousfield, M. 0., 50 Bousfield, W. R., XX B Boutaric, A., XIX(2)B Boyer, C. B., XVII(i)A, 4., 20 Boyle, R., XVII(2)B Boys, C. V., XX B Brady, T. A., 2

Bragg, Sir L., XX B Bragg, Sir W., i6 Brainard, G. W., IV(a) Brasch, F. E., XX A Briggs, L. J., 20

Britten, J., 28 Britton, R. S., i o Brockbank, E. M., XIX(i)B Brodman, E., XIX(i)D Br6del, M., XX D Brogden, S., 4I

Broglie, L. de, XIX(i)B Brooke, Z. N., 6 Brown, C. M., XIX(i)D Brown, K. E., 20

Browne, C. A., 25

Bruynoghe, R., XIX(2)D Bryson, G., XVIII(i)E Bryson, L., 43 Buber, M., 12

Buchanan, C., XIX(2)B Biihler, C. F., XV(2) Buess, H., 53 Buffon, XVIII(2) C Buley, R. C., XIX(i)D Bunge, M., XVII(i)E, XIX(2)B,

XIX(2) E Burch, V., XIII(2)

Burke-Gaffney, M. W. (S.J.), XVII(i)B

Burkill, I. H., 28 Burrard, S. G., XX C Butler, C. St. J., XX D Butler, J. R., XVIII(i)C Bynner, W., VI B.C. Byrd, R. E., XX C

Cable, M., 10 Caillet, E., XVIII(2)E Campbell, D. J., 1(2) Cannon, W. B., XX D, I7 Capart, J., 2 Caron, F., i i

Carpenter, M. M., 29 Carrington da Costa, J., XIX(2) C Caspari-Rosen, B., S5 Cassidy, F. P., 6 Casteret, N., XIX(2)C Castiglioni, A., XX D, 53 Caughey, J. W., XIX(2)E Celada, B., 2

Cesaro, G., XIX(2)A Chabry, L., XIX(2)C Chalfant, F. H., io Chao, C., XIV(2) Chao Buwei Yang, IO Chapman, F. M., XX C Chattaway, F. D., XX B Chaucer, XIV(2) Chaudhuri, B. D., XX B Chauvel, A., 6 Cheng Te-k'un, IX(2) Cherblanc, E., 40 Chevallier, P., XIII(2) Chiera, E., 3 Ch'iu, A. K., 8 Chomsky, W., I2

Chou Yi-liang, XII(I), io Chroust, A.-H., IV(2)B.C. Clark, H. H., XVIII(2)E Clark-Kennedy, A. E., 50 Clausen, J., 28 Clendening, L., XX D, 50 Clow, A., XVIII(I)B Clowes, W. the elder, XVI(2)D Codrington, K. deB., 8 Coffman, G. R., XIV(2) Cohen, I. B., XVII(2)B, I7) 23

Cohn, A. E., 52 Colerus, E., 20

Colle, H., 53 Collier, H. B., 29

Collin, R., 17 (Committee on Arabic & Islamic Stud-

ies), 14 Contenau, G., 3 Coolidge, T., XIX(x)A Coomaraswamy, A. K., 8, 9 Coppez, H., XVI(i)D Coremans, P., 2 Coulter, C. C., XIV(I) Cournot, A., XIX(i)A Crahay, R., i

Cramer, M., 2

Crompton, R. E. B., XIX(2)B Cross, R., XIX(i)B Crowther, J. A., XIX(2)B Crowther, J. G., XIX( i)B Cu6not, L., 27

Curie, M. S., XIX(2)B Cushing, H., XVI(I)D, So Cuthbertson, C., XX B

Da Costa, A. F., XVI(I)C Da Costa, J. C., XX D Dafydd ab Gwilym, XIV(2) Dale, H. H., XVII(2)A Dangel, R., IV(a) Darlington, H. S., IV(a) Daude de Pradas, XIII(X) Dauinas, M., XVIII(2)B, XIX(I)B Davidson, W. T., XX D Davis, T. L., VI(I) Dawkins, J. McG., 14 De Cicco, J., 20

De Roy, F., XX B De Vleeschauwer, H. J., XVII(2)B Dean, R. J., XIV(X) Debien, G., XVIII ( I)C Delepinne, B., XVI(I)E Delevsky, J., 22 Denman, C., 32

Depau, R., XVI(2)A Der Nersessian, S., 7 Deraniyagala, P. E. P., 29 Descartes, XVII(I )A Desch, C. H., XX E Deutsch, K. W., 12

Devaux, P., i 6, 24

D'Hollander, F., IX B.C. Dickson, C., XIII(I) Dickson, M., XIII ( I) Diepgen, P., XVI(i)D Djajadinigrat, R. L., IV(b) Djurberg, V., XVII(2)D Dobbin, L., XIX(i)B Dodd, S. C., 44 Dodge, E. S., XVIII(2)C Doreau, J.-L., 9 Douglas, D. C., XII(2) Douglas, R. L., XV(2) Draper, J. W., XVI(2)E Dreesen, W. C., XX D Drenckhahn, F., g Drioton, E., 2

Du Bois, C., IV(b) Dubs, H. H., I0

Ducasse, P., 26 Dufour, L., 33 Dugas, R., XVIII(i)B, XIX(t)A Duniway, D. C., XV(2) Dunlap, 0. E., XX B Dunlop, D. M., XII(I), XIII(2) Duprat, G. L., XIX(x)E Dupre, H., XIX(I)C Dutrv, F., XIX(2) B

Ebenstein, W., 44 Eddington, Sir A., XX B Edgerton, F., 9



Index to 69th Critical Bibliography 245

Egerton, C., I0 Einstein, A., XX B Eisenschiml, 0., XX B Elisseeff, S., iI Ellinwood, L., 6 Elmer, R. P., 14 Erhardt-Siebold, E. von, VIII(2) Euclid, 111(I )B.C. Evans, B., XVII(i)D Evans, F. G., 35 Evans-Wentz, W. Y., 8 Experientia, 17

Faris, N. A., I4 Farmer, H. G., 14 Farr, C. C., XX B Farrukh, 0. A., XII(x) Fehringer, 0., 40 Ferguson, A., I6 Fettweis, E., 20

Fichot, E., XX C Field, R. M., 17 Filliozat, J., 9 Finkelstein, L., X(I), 43 Fisch, M., XVI(I)D Fishbein, M., XX D Flexner, J. T., XIX(x)B Flick, E. M. E., XIX(2)D Florkin, M., XIX(2)C Floss, S. W., XIX(I)A Fogg, J. M., Jr., 28 Folie, F., XIX(2)A Forbes, R. J., I, 2

Frame, J. S., 20 Franklin, K. J., XVII(2)D Fredericq, H., XX D Fredericq, L., XVI(i)D French, F., I0 Friedenwald, H., XVI(2)D, 12

Fritz, K. von, V B.C. Froehner, R., 8 Frye, R. N., I4 Fuhrmann, 0. W., XV(2) Fulton, J. F., XVIII(2)E Funck-Brentano, XVIII(2)E Fung Yu-lan, IO Fyzee, A. A. A., X(2), XII(x)

Gabrieli, F., I4 Galassi, G., 2

Galileo, XVII(I)B Gamer, H. M., 6 Gardet, L., I4 Gardner, A. ten E., XIX(i[)E Gateau, A., IX(2) Gauthier, L., XII(2) Gebhard, B., 50 Geiser, S. W., XIX(I)C, XIX(2)C,

XIX(2)E, 28, 50 (Geographical Journal), 31 Georges-Berthier, A., XVII(x)A Gerhard, E. S., XVIII(2)B Getty, A., 9 al-Ghazzali, XI(2) Gibson, J. F., XVIII(2)D Gilbert, P., 2

Giles, L., I0

Giles of Rome, XIII(2) Gilmour, J., 28 Gittinger, G. S., XVIII(2)D Godeaux, L., 20

Goetzl, A., XIX(2)D Goff, F. R., XV(2) Goldschmnidt, E. P., XVIW()C Gordon, M. B., 50 Gould, S. H., XVIII(i)B Graf, P., XVI(i)E Grape, A., XVIII(I)C Gray, H., 20

Greenwald, I., 5i Greenwood, E., 43 Grenier, A., XIX(2)E Griffin, J. S., XIX(I)D Grimm, J., 40 Grimm, W., 40 Gruinebaum, G. E. von, XIII(0 ), 114 Gudger, E. W., 29

Guerlac, H. E., I6 Guido, A., XVI(2)E Guilmot, M., VI B.C. Gulik, H. van, 8 [Gupta, M.], 9 Guyenot, E., 27

Hadamard, J., 20

Hagen, V. W. von, IV(a), 27

Halkin, A. S., XII(2) Hall, V. E., 36 Hamilton, Sir W. R., XIX(i)A Hammer, J., VI(i) Hamy, M., XIX(2)B Hanford, J. H., XVII(2)D Haraszti, Z., X(2) Hartman, L. F., 3 Hatfield, WV. H., XX B Haudricourt, A. G., 28 Hayen, A. (S.J.), XII(i) Heaton, C. E., 50 Hedgpeth, J. W., XIX(I)C, XIX(2)C Hedin, L., 28 Heilbrunn, L. V., 36 Heintzenberg, F., XIX(2)B Hellpach, W., 3 I

Hemmy, A. S., 9 Henderson, G. G., XX B Hendrickson, W. B., XIX(2)C Hermannsson, H., 6 Herskovits, M. J., IV(b) Hetherington, A. L., io

Heydenreich, L. H., XV(2) Hibbert, E. T., XVII(2)E Hiesey, W. M., 28 Higgins, T. J., XIX(2)B, 20

Hilbert, D., XIX(2)A Hilgenberg, L., 9 Hinks, A. R., XX C Hinsdale, G., XIX( I)D Hirschberg, W., IV(c), 40 Ho Yung-chi, XIII(2) Hocking, W. E., 49 Hodges, H. A., XIX(2)E Hoerber, R. G., IV(2)B.C.

Hofstadter, R., XIX(2)E Holcomb, R. C., XX D Holmberg, A., XVIII(2)E Holmes, A., 32

Homer, IX B.C. Honigmann, E., V(I) Hopfner, T., 1(2) Hopkins, L. C., io Horine, E. F., XIX(x)D Hornbostel, E. von, IV(a) Hourticq, L., 45 Howard, A. L., 28 Howard, M. L., XIX(2) C Hoyland, G., 20

Huang Siu-Chi, XII(2) Huber, R. M., 49 Hudson, D. R., 38 Hughes, M. J., 6 Hulley, K. K., IV(2) Hulme, E. W., 40 Hunibert, P., XVII(i)A, XVII(i)B Humphreys, C., VII(2) Humphreys, W. J., XIX(2)B Hunter, D., 8 Hustin, R., XIX(i)B Hutton, J. H., XVII(2)A

Iredale, T., XX B Iziants, K., 14

Jack, H. A., 27 Jacobson, A. C., 34 Jaeger, E. C., 27 Jaffe, B., i6 James, G., 20

James, R. C., 20 Janssen, J., XVII(i)E Jaumotte, J., XX B Jeans, Sir J., 23 Jeffery, A., VIII(I) Jenkins, A. E., XIX(I)C Jij6n y Caamanio, J., IV(a) Joffe, A. F., XX E Johnson, F. R., XVI(2)E Johnson, H. M., XII(2) Jonckheere, F., 2

Jones, D. W. C., XIX(2)D Jones, E., XII(i) Just, T., 27, 28

Kaempffert, W., XX E al-Kalbi, VIII(2) Karapetoff, V., 24 Karpinski, L. C., 20 Keck, D. D., 28 Keimer, L., 2

Kellogg, E. R., XIX(i)C Kelly, Sister M. J., IV(2) Kennedy, R., IV(b) Kenton, E., 32

Kerr, W. H., XVI(2)C Kibat, A., Io Kibre, P., XIII(2) Kienle, H., XVI(i)B Kingdon-Ward, F., 8 Kisch, B., so



246 Index to 69th Critical Bibliography

Kober, A., 12

Kohler, M., XVI(I)E Koyre, A., IV(YI)B.C. Kraitchik, M., 20 Kramer, S. N., 3 Kreichgauer, D., IV(a) Kremers, E., 53 Krige, E. J., IV(c) Krige, J. D., IV(c) Kristeller, P. 0., V(I), XV(2), 6 Krueger, H. C., XIII(E) Kuhn, A., 8 Kuhn, F., IO

La Touche, T. W., g Lach, D. F., XVII(2)E Lalande, A., I 8 Lam, H. J., IV(b) Lamalle, U., 26 Lambert, G., XIX(2)C Lambotte, A., XIX(2)D Lameere, A., XX C Lamm, C. J., 6 Lammert, F., 4 Lancaster, A., XX B Lange, H. 0., 2

Langevin, P., XX B, I8 Laotse, VI B.C. Larsen, E. L., XVIII(2)C Lastres, J. B., XVI(2)E Lator, E. (S.J.), XIII(i) Lauer, J. P., 2 Launay, L. de, XIX(2)C Lavoisier, XVIII(2)B Le Fanu, W. R., XVIII(2)D Leake, C. D., 47 Lebegue, R., XVII(I)E Lebesgue, H. L., XX A Leboucq, G., XVI(I)D Leclerc, J., 23

Ledent, A., 47 Legge, J., Io Leggett, W. F., 28 Lehmann-Nitsche, R., IV(a), 23 Leighton, A. H., IV(a) Leighton, D. C., IV(a) Lemoine, J.-G., 40 Lemonnier, L., XVII(2)C Leonardo, R. A., XX D Leroi-Gourhan, A., IO Leveque, R., XIX(E)A Levi Della Vida, G., VIII(2) Lewis, F. T., XVIII(I)C Lewy, H., 3 Licent, E. (S.J.), Ico Licht, S., 50 Lichtenstadter, I., I4. Lichtenheim, M., 2 Lieber, L. R., 20

Ligeti, L., 8 Lillie, R. S., 27 Lin Yueh-Hwa, IO Lindroth, S., I 6 Linton, R., 35 Lo Duca, G., 24

Lommer, F., V B.C.

Loomis, C. G., XVII(2)D Lopez, R. S., 7 Loram, C. T., IV(a) Lounsbery, G. C., 8 Lowan, A. N., 2o Lucas, H. S., XIV(I) Luck, J. M., 36 Luckhardt, A. B., 36 Ludendorff, H., IV(a), XX B Liideinann, K., XVIII(2)B Liuders, H., 8 Lur-Saluces, Marquis de, XVIII(x )B Lutz, C. E., V(z) Lyon, C. J., XIX(Y)D Lyons, Sir H., i6 Lyons, H. G., XX C

Maas, A., IV(b) MacCallum, W. G., XX D MacDuffee, C. C., XIX(I)A Macht, D. I., i 2 MacIver, R. M., 43 Mahr, 0., XIX(2)B Major, R. H., so Malifitano, G., XX B Malinowski, B., IV(b), 40 Mansoor, M., 8 Marchais, R., I8 Marcondes de Souza, T. 0., XV(2) Marett, R. R., XIX(2)C Margerie, E. de, 32 Marx, A., x2 Maspero, H., Io Mayet, C., XIX(2)D McCown, T. D., IV(a) McCoy, J. C., XVII(2)C McDonough, M. L., 50 Mcllwraith, T. F., IV(a) McKie, D., XVIII( I) B McNeil, G. H., XVIII(2)E McNeill, J. T., 6 Mechnikov, I., XIX(2)C Menghin, 0., 2 Mercier, A., XVII(i)C Merlan, P., IV(2)B.C., XX D Merrill, R. H., IV(a) Meyer, A., XVIII(2)E Meyerhof, M., XII(2), XIII(I),

XIV(2), I4 Michel, H., XIII(2), XV(2) [Michigan papyri], 2 Middleton, Sir H., XTII(I) C Middleton, T. H., XX C Mieli, A., XIX(x)B Millas Vallicrosa, J. M., XIV(2) Miller, G., XIX(I)D, XIX(2)D, 5o Miller, G. A., 20 Miller, H. W., V B.C. Millington, E. C., XVII(I)B Minar, E. L., Jr., VI B.C. Mittasch, A., XIX(i)B Mizwa, S. P., XVI(x)B (Modern Language Association), 16 Mohr, G. J., XVII(I)D Moir, J. R., XX C Moll, A. A., 5o

Mondor, H., XIX(i)D Montagu, M. F. A., 35 Mookerjee, S., g More, L. T., XVII(2)B Morgan, A. E., XIX(z)E Morris, B., 45 Moulton, F. R., i6 Muckle, J. T., XIII( I ) Mueller, G. E., XVII(i)E Muller, R. F. G., g Mukherjee, G. N., 8 Mukhopadhyaya, D., g Mullett, C. F., XIX(Y)D, 5I Mumford, F. B., XIX(z)C Murnaghan, F. D., XIX(I)A Murphy, C. C. R., 14

Nadeau, G., XVIII(7.)D Nailis, C., 1(2) Naito Toichiro, VIII(i) Naylor, M. V., XVIII(2)D Nazaroff, P. S., 8 Needham, J., IO Needham, J. G., XIX(I) C Neisser, A., XX D Nelis, P., XX D Nernst, W., XX B Neuburger, M., XVIII(I)D,

XVIII(2)D Neugebauer, O., I, 2, 3 Newall, H. F., XXB Newton, I., XVII(2)A Nilsson, M. P., 2 Nimeh, W., x4 Nizami, XII(2) Nordenmark, N. V. E., XVIII(i)B Norman, H. J., 5 I Norman, J. R., XX C Norwood, R., XVII(I)C Norwood, W. F., XIX(i)D, 52 Nye, R. B., XIX(i)E Nykl, A. R., XI(z)

Olschki, L., XVI(I)E Olson, L., II(i)B.C. Oppenheim, A. L., 3 Osgood, C. G., XVII(x)E

Pagel, W., XIX(I)D Panofsky, E., XV(2) Papp, D., XIX(7)A Parsons, R. H., XIX(2)B Partington, J. R., 25

Pasteur, XIX(2)D Paterson, R. G., XIX(2)D Patterson, T. S., XIX(2)B Paulme, D., IV(c) Paulus, J., XIII(2) Paz Soldan, C. E., XIX(2)D Peake, C. H., IO Pelseneer, J., XIX(2)B, I6 Pepper, 0. H. P., 53 Perdrizet, P., 4 Pereira, H. A., XII(2) Peremans, W., 2 Perlmann, M., X(I)



Index to 69th Critical Bibliography 247

Perrier, G., 30 Peters, C. H., XVIII(2)E Pettengill, G. E., XIX(i)A, XIX(i)D Pi, H. T., VII(2), IO Picard, E., XIX(2)A Pickard, M. E., XIX(I)D Pilgrim, H. G. E., XX C Planck, M., XX B Plato, IV(I)B.C. Pohl, F. J., XVI(I)C Polanyi, M., I7 Pope, M. K., XX E Popplow, U., 8 Post, A., XIX( )E Postell, W. D., XIX( I)D Poulton, E. B., XX C Pounds, N. J. G., XVII(2)C, IO Prain, D., XX C Prentice, E., 27 Prieto, J., XIX(i)E Pyman, F. L., XX D

Q., F., XVI(x)C Quain, E. A., IX(2) Quetelet, A., XIX(i)E Quiller-Couch, Sir A., XX E Quinn, D. B., XVI(2)C Quynn, D. M., XIX(i)E

Rabinowitz, L., IX(2) [Radar], XX B Ramakrishna, Sri, 9 Raswan, C. R., 14 Ratcliff, J. D., XX D Raven, C. E., XVII(2)E Rayet, G., XIX(2)B Read, J., XVII(2)B Reddy, D. V. S., 9 Reidemeister, K., IV(I)B.C.,

IV(2) B.C. Reischauer, E. O., i I [Renaissance], 44 Renaud, H. P. J., XIV(2), XV(2) Reynolds, R. A., XIX(2)D Revello, J. T., XVIII(2) C Rey, A., 6 Reynaud, E., XIX(2) B Rhys Davids, Mrs. C. A. F., 9 Ricard, R., XVI(I)E Richards, C. T., XIII( I) Richards, G. R. B., XVI(I)D Richeson, A. W., XIX(I) B Riddell, W. H., I(2) Rideau, E., 24 Rider, F., 56 Riefstahl, E., 2 Riese, W., 50 Rieth, A., 26 Ritter, H., X(I) Roberts, J. K., XX B Roddis, L. H., 53 Rock, F., 40 Roemer, M. I., 52 Roffo, A. H., XIX(2)B Roger, G. H., 29 Rohrberg, A., lo

Rome, A., 11(i) Rosen, G., XVIII(X)D, 51 Rosenfeld, L., XX B, i 8 Rosenhane, S., XVII(i)C Rosenthal, E. I. J., X(i) Rosenthal-Schneider, I., 17 Rosenvasser, A., 2

Rossier, P., XVII(2)B Rostand, J., XIX(2)E Rousseau, J., XVI(i)C Rousseau, P., i6 Rouviere, H., 34 Royce, F. H., XIX(2)B Roys, R. L., IV(a) Rubio, J. M., IV(a) Rudolph, R. C., io Rufus, W. C., XIV(2) Rykers, H., XIX(2)B

Saa, M., 4 Sachs, H., XIX(2z)D Sadoul, G., XIX(2)B Sagui, C.-L., 31 Saha, M. N., XX B Sayili, A. M., 14 Salamon, H., i2

Salman, D., XI(I) Sanceau, E., 31 Sandblad, H., 4 Sanford, E. M., XII(2) Sarton, G., XVI(2)A, XIX(I)A, i6 Sayre, F., 4 Sbordone, F., IV(I) Schaaf, W. L., 20 Scharif, A., 2

Scheele, C. W., XVIII(2)B Scherman, L., 9 Schifferes, J. J., I6 Schillp, P. A., XX E Schlauch, M., XIV(2) Schl6sser, R., IO Schneider, H. W., XIX(2)C Schouten, J., xI Schrodinger, E., 27

Schroeter, J., 53 Schubert, B. G., XVIII(2)C Schulz, R. P. C., IV(a) Seaborn, E., 50 Segall, H. N., XVIII(2)D Selmon, B. L., IO

Seth, M. J., 9 Seth, R. K., 24 Shah, S., 9 Sharp, D., XIII(2) Sherborn, C. D., 27 Siegel, P. N., XVI(2)E Siemens, H. v., XIX(2)B Sigerist, H. E., g Siguret, J., lO Silk, E. T., VI(x) Silla, L., i6 Simmons, A., XIX(l)C Simons, L. G., zo Singer, C., XVI(i)C, XVI(i)D Siren, 0., 1O Smith, D. E., XIX(x)A

Smith, E. C., XVIII(2)B Smith, M., XI(2) Smith, W., IV(a) Smith, W. C., g Smyth, H. DeW., XX B Snyder, E. E., XVIII(2)C (Social Impact of Science), 17 Sokoloff, B., XX D Solalinde, A. G., 6 Solvay, E., XIX(2)B Soustelle, J., IV(a) Speck, F. G., XVIII(2)C, IV(a) Spitzer, L., XII(i) Srole, L., 4.3 Stegmiiller, F., XIII(2) Steinberg, S. H., XIII(2), 44 Steinman, D. B., XIX(2)B Stengers, J., i

Stern, B. J., 50 Stetson, H. T., 30 Stricker, B. H., 2 Stromgren, E., XVII(2)B Strong, L. C., XVI(I)D Strycker, E. de, IV(I)B.C. Sumner, F. B., XX C Swallow, R. W., IO Swan, M. W. S., 1(2) Swiezawski, S., XIII(2) Synge, J. L., XIX(i)A

Szczesniak, B., XVI(I)B

Tannery, M. P., XVII(x)B Tardo, L., 7 Taubenschlag, R., VI(I) Taylor, F. S., 17, 252 50

Taylor, N., 28 Taylor, W., XIX(2)C Teleki, P., XX C Temkin, C. L., XIX(I)C Teng, K., IO Terrat-Branly, J., XIX(2)B Thery, G., V(2) Thoma, H. F., XVII(x)E Thomas, F. W., 8 Thompson, D'A. W., IV(2)B.C.

VII(2), XX C, 29 Thomson, J. E., IV(a) Thomson, S. H., XIII(2) Thomson, W., I4

Thorington, J. M., XIX(2)D Thorndike, L., XII(I), XIII(2),

XIV(I), 6 Thorp, R. W., 29 Thureau-Dangin, F., 3 Tiberghien, A., XX B Tilquin, A., 29

Tjerneld, H., XIII(2) Topley, W. W. C., XX D Torhoudt, A., 1(z2) Toussaint, G.-C, 8 Trent, J. C., XVI(i)D Tricot-Royer, 50 Tritton, A. S., 14 Trouvelot, J., 6 Truax, R., XIX(2)D Tucci, G., 8



248 Index to 69th Critical Bibliography (United States Congress), 17 (United States Senate), 17 Unkrig, W. A., 8 Upton, J. M., X(2) Urdang, G., XVII(i)D, 53 Urey, H. C., XX B Usher, A. P., 6

Vallery-Radot, R., XIX(2)D Van de Walle, B., IV(I), XIX(I)E Van den Brandt, J., IO Van der Waerden, B. L., 4 Vandier, J., 2 Vanhamme, M., XVIII(i)D Van Hercke, J. J., XVI(2)A Van Lerberghe, G., XX B Verdoorn, F., XIX(2)C, 27, 28 Verdoorn, J. G., 28 Vergote, J., 11(2), IV(I), 2 Verleyen, E. J. B., XIX(2)C Vesey-FitzGerald, B., 40 Vicaire, M., 14 Vico, G., XVIII(I)E Vlekke, B. H. M., IV(b), 44 Volten, A., 2 Von Wijk, W. E., i6

Wade, E. N., XIX(2)D Wadia, D. N., g Waite, F. C., XIX(i)D Waller-Zeper, C. M., XVI(2)A Walsh, E. H. C., 8 Walzer, A., 11(2) Warner, W. L., 43 Warrain, F., XVII(i)B, XIX(i)A Weaver, W., 17 Webber, H. J., 28 Weeks, M. E., 25 Weil, E., XVII(I)D Weir, C. I., Jr., XVII(i)D Weisinger, H., 44 Wekkerling, A., g Weiss, A., 111(i) Wells, W. H., io Westermann, E. J., XIII(x) Wheeler, T. S., XIX(i)B White, H. C., XVI(i)E White, L. A., 40 Whitehouse, E., XIX(2)D Whiting, B. J., XVI(i)D Whitmore, C. E., XIX(i)A Wiener, P. P., XIX(2) C William of Tyre, XII(2)

Wilson, C. M., 50 Wilson, E. A., 35 Winslow, C.-E. A., 4, 5' Winstedt, Sir R., g

Winter, H. J. J., XVIII(i )E, XIX(i)B Wodehouse, R. P., 28 Wolfe, L. M., XIX(2)C Wolff, K. H., 40

Wolfson, H. A., 6 Wood, L. H., 2 Woodson, W. D., 29

Woodward, W. E., XVIII(2)E Worrell, W. H., IX(2), XIV(2) Wroth, L. C., XVII(2)C Wyeth, J. A., XIX(2)D

Yang Chih-chiu, XIII(2) Yeghiyan, P., XI(i) Yorke, W., XX D Young, J. H., 5i Young, M., XIX(x)E Young, T. C., 14

Zeeman, P., XX B Zilsel, E., i6 Zimnmermann, 0. J., VI(i) Zirkle, C., XIX(i)D

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE

Aux membres effectifs et correspondants de 1'Academie internationale d'Histoire des Sciences

Messieurs et chers collegues, Apres les tragiques annees qui ont ensanglante le

monde entier et rendu impossibles les relations cul- turelles I'Academie internationale d'Histoire des Sciences desire reprendre son activite et reformer ses cadres. Cette tache est difficile.

En effet les communications internationales par la poste n'ont pas encore ete partout retablies. Parmi les membres de I'Academie plusieurs, helas! sont decedes et quant aux autres on ignore pour la plu- part d'entre eux quel est actuellement leur lieu de residence.

De plus Mme. HELENE METZGER qui remplissait avec tant de zele la fonction d'administrateur-tresorier a peri dans un camp de concentration en Allemagne. Quant a M. ALDO MIELI qui en qualite de secretaire perpetuel etait I'ame de notre corps academique, ii nous a ecrit que sortant d'une maladie grave et vu les circonstances actuelles, il ne peut quitter Buenos-Aires, que d'autre part la publication d'Archeion est suspendue. II nous prie de faire le necessaire pour le suppleer et pour preparer le prochain Congres qui se tiendra a Lausanne.

Dans ces conditions les mesures suivantes ont ete provisoirement prises. M. J.-A. VOLLGRAFF (Rood- bortsstraat 17, Leyde, Hollande) remplit les fonc-

tions de secretaire-tresorier et M. P. BRUNET (Hotel Nevers, I2 Rue Colbert, Paris 2ieme, France) celle d'archiviste bibliothecaire.

Pour le moment il s'agit de dresser la liste exacte des membres de l'Academie. Chaque groupe national est donc instamment prie de faire parvenir a ce sujet les renseignements desires soit 'a M. VOLL- GRAFF OU a M. BRUNET, soit au President soussigne. II voudra bien egalement presenter des propositions pour remplacer les membres effectifs ou correspondants qui sont dcede's depuis I938 'a nos jours.

M. BRUNET prie en outre que chaque membre effectif ou correspondant lui fasse parvenir pour la Bibliotheque des Archives les livres ou brochures publies par lui depuis I 939 en y joignant toutes in- dications concernant non seulement son activite propre mais celle de son groupe national. II prie egalement qu'en cas de deces de membres de ce groupe on lui adresse les notices necrologiques et les photographies destinees 'a illustrer ces dernieres.

Le president de l'Academie ARNOLD REYMOND

La Rouvenaz, Pully, Lausanne Suisse.

2 avril I946

