situational awareness ofc. aaron pembleton. situational awareness aviation industry definition...
TRANSCRIPT
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Situational Awareness
Ofc. Aaron Pembleton
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Situational Awareness• Aviation Industry Definition
– “Continuous extraction of environmental information, integration of this information with previous knowledge to form a coherent mental picture, and the use of that picture in directing further perception and anticipating future events” (Dominguez, 1994)
• Simple Definition– Knowing what is going on around you.
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Situational Awareness
• Situations are very fluid and are always changing.
– Therefore you must remain flexible and continue to observe and interpret your surroundings to make the best possible decision.
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Awareness
• Use your senses to gain knowledge.– Think about what you are hearing, seeing,
smelling etc.
• Comprehension of its meaning.
• Make anticipatory decisions.– Defensive driving applied to everyday life.
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What we see and notice.• What we think is out of place.
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What we see and notice• What if its not out of place?• What else can I look for?
– Blank Stare. – Sweaty.– Mumbling .– No eye contact.
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Scanning Strategy• Highest priority object first
• Use your peripheral vision (wide focus tracking) for tracking identified objects
– Keep object(s) in focus as you scan other areas
• Use your concentrated focus to identify new objects
– Think about what you are looking for
– Think about what you are seeing
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Comprehension• Keep thinking during an incident
– What is going on around you?
• Constantly identify options
– Pro and cons
– Compare as many possible variables
• Think about what you see in terms of safety and threats
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Know your Surroundings• Always know where you are, inside and
outside
– Avenues of escape
• How many ways can I get out?
– Places of shelter
– Potential hazards
• Memorize
– Recognize sights and sounds foreign to your environment
• Visualize
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Factors Affecting Loss of Awareness• Tunnel vision
– Not scanning
• Fixation or preoccupation
– Work
– Headphones
– Cell phones
– Texting
• Dynamic Situations
– Inflexible response to fluid situation
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OODA Loop• Observe
– Scan your environment to gather information
• Orient– Synthesize data into
information– Comprehend
• Decide– Consider options– Hypothesis
• Act – Test– Evaluate action
Orient
DecideAct
Observe
Look
ThinkAnticipate
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Survival Sequence
• Denial can cause delay
• Don’t be embarrassed
• We need to quickly move to deliberation
Denial
Deliberation
Decision
Action
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Emergency Notification System
• Components
– Your Senses
– Your Intuition
– Your Instinct
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ActionWe want you out…• Figure it Out
• Get Out
• Hide Out
• Call Out
• Keep Out
• Spread Out
• Take Out
• Help Out
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Figure it Out• What is happening
– Who
– What
– When
– Where– How
• Use your senses
• What are your options
• Don’t deny
• Why comes later
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Get out• Don’t wait for Validation.
• Pay attention to your surroundings.
• Don’t take anything.
• Let others know.
• Best way to survive an active shooter situation;– Don’t be where the Threat is.– Don’t go where you can be seen.
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Get out• When
– Directed to Evacuate
– Can Do So Safely
– Violent Threat
– HazMat Release Inside
– Fire Alarm
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Hide out• If you can’t get out, then find a place to
hide out
– Hidden from the shooter’s view
– Protection should the shooter fire in your direction
• If possible, avoid places that might trap you or restrict your options of movement
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Hide out• When
– Cannot Safely Get Out
– Directed to Shelter-in-Place
– HazMat Release Outside
– Tornado
– Lightning
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Hide out• When hiding out, look for:
– Doors
• Lockable from inside
• No glass around door
– Rooms
• Objects suitable for barricades
• Objects suitable for cover
• Windows for exiting
• Objects for breaking windows
• Materials for sealing windows and door cracks
– Upper floors
• Height above ground
• Fire escapes
• Multiple interior stairways
– Tools for defense
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Call out• When you get out, immediately call out
– Do not assume that someone else has called
– Dial 911
– Calmly and quickly tell them where you are and what’s occurring
• Include the name of the shooter(s), if known
• Number of shooter(s)
• Description of the shooter(s)
• Location of the shooter(s)
• Number and types of weapons carried by the shooter(s)
– Be persistent when calling since the phone lines may be jammed with other calls
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Keep out• Keep out the shooter
– A room that can be locked with plenty of things to hide behind is best
– Blockade the door with heavy furniture (even if the door can be locked)
– If the shooter is nearby, just lock door and be silent
– Turn out the lights
– Turn off any radios or other noise-producing sources
– Silence your cell phone or pager
• As soon as you have the opportunity, and without attracting the shooter’s attention, call 911
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Take out• As last resort• Do what ever is necessary to take out the
threat– Distract– Swarm– Weapons
• Use a hard object as a weapon, the bigger the better. (Think outside the box.)
• There is risk in any decision. – Know the risk– Only you can decide the right thing to do.
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Help out• Whatever action you are taking, whether it be
get out or hide out, you should help out where you can. – Help others escape if you can.
• Keep others out, when you get out.
– Help other with sheltering in place.
– Help injured if possible.
– Help out by maintaining your calm.
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Panic• The term “panic” is often used when
discussing evacuation and shelter-in-place movements
• Post-event research has shown that in most cases people do not panic, and, instead, will try to help others
• Most people will behave normally and make rational decisions during the incident
• People will look to each other for information, validation, guidance, and assistance
• Communication is KEY!
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Help out
• To get people to move use DEER– Direct (Keep moving!)
– Encourage (Your doing well! / Help your Neighbor)
– Example (Lead by example and Demeanor)
– Redirect (Safest or Open Route – Keep Moving)
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Police contact
• Do’s and Don’ts– Don’ts
• Point at them• Run at them • Make inadvertent movements
– Do’s• Listen to Verbal Commands• Move slowly• Relay important information (ex. Shooter
description)
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Definitions• Evacuate
– Leave the area as fast and safely as possible. • Make sure you are not entering an area
where people are evacuating• Shelter in place
– Find a secure room and stay out of sight
• Lockdown– UNLPD will be securing all doors that are on
the “Andover” system. • They will also manually lock doors when
possible.
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Prevention
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Prevention
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©2007 The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska
Ofc. Aaron PembletonUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Police
402-472-8419