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SITE /ROADWAY

OPTICALSYSTEMS

O p t i c a l S y s t e m sD E S I G N A N D A P P L I C A T I O N G U I D E

S I T E / R O A D W A Y

Table of Contents

Site Integration 2-3

Photometry Information 4-7

Distribution Types 8-10

Cutoff Description 11

Isofootcandle Plots 12-13

Application of Patterns 14

Modifiers 15

Optical Systems Design 16-17

Reflector Mechanical Design 18

Kim Systems Overview 19-20

Horizontal Lamp Luminaires 22

Vertical Lamp Luminaires 23

Horizontal Lamp 25-30

Two-Tier Vertical Lamp 31-36

Single-Tier Vertical Lamp 37-40

Applications Assistance 41

Footnotes 41

SITE / AREAPARKING STRUCTURE

ROADWAYARCHITECTURAL FLOOD

ACCENTLANDSCAPE

MAILING ADDRESS:P.O. BOX 60080

CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA 91716-0080

BUSINESS ADDRESS:16555 EAST GALE AVENUE

CITY OF INDUSTRY, CA 91745U.S.A.

PHONE 626 / 968 - 5666FAX 626 / 369 - 2695

ENTIRE CONTENTS© COPYRIGHT 1999 KIM LIGHTING, INC.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDREPRODUCTION IN WHOLE OR IN PART

WITHOUT PERMISSION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

www.kimlighting.com

Audited to ISO9001 Standards

RvA Councilfor Accreditation

Printed in U.S.A.5502599253

Version 1.01 (6/06)

IntroductionThe design of Site/Roadway Lighting requiresan understanding of the unique informationused to represent elements of opticalperformance. This catalog includesdescriptions of the standards used to defineproduct characteristics and predict the appliedperformance of outdoor area luminaires.

Kim's unique approach to optical systemsdesign and reflector fabrication follows thesefundamental definitions. The descriptions offerinsight into the features and benefits of Kim'sinnovative optical systems.

The heart of this catalog is the Optical SystemsSpecifications. Used in Kim Site/Roadwayproducts, these reflector systems are the directresult of 70 years dedicated to providingsuperior performance in outdoor lighting.

Site / Roadway

Optical Systems

KKIIMM LIGHTING 11

More than the sum of its parts, each Kim reflector is acomposite of materials, technology, research, andcontinuous development. Designed to; efficientlydistribute light into desired luminous zones, control glare,and compliment Kim aesthetic designs, these simplelooking devices are the heart of a superior lighting system.

NeighboringResidential

Property

9999 9999 99 99 99 99

99

99

Shop99

99

Shop

KKIIMM LIGHTING 33

Site Integration

Design, Focused on Applied Performance

22 KKIIMM LIGHTING

Conceptually, project sites can be classified into four basic areas; Roadways, Open Areas,Pedestrian Areas, and the Site Perimeter, each representing a unique set of lighting circumstances.Meeting the diverse needs of site illumination requires a wide range of solutions. Optical systemsselection begins with identifying the specific illuminance requirements, combining a product’s aes-thetic design with relevant performance features, to achieve an integrated site lighting design.

Roadways require narrow perpendicular and wide lateral beamspreads. This facilitates wide pole spacings, excellent uniformi-ty, and control of glare.

Luminaire selection criteria includes performance, considerationof maintenance, lamp choices influenced by utility interests, andthe ability to remain in service for long periods with minimal atten-tion.

Optical designs must include an array of distributions in order toilluminate varied roadway widths, traffic patterns and to supporttraffic flow / organization.

Open Areas require careful consideration of illuminancerequirements, uniformity, and brightness control.

These areas are subject to scrutiny relevant to the safety andsecurity of site occupants and the interface between vehicleand pedestrian traffic. Parking areas and connecting walk-ways are a potential source of litigation and liability for theproject owner, requiring accurate prediction of illumination lev-els and dependable performance.

Illumination levels, uniformity, and glare must also be con-trolled to optimize visibility. Maximized luminaire spacings pro-duce an economical installation.

The transition between the surrounding site and the building itselfdefines the Pedestrian Area. Plazas, Courtyards, and Pathwaysrequire the widest range of optical solutions. These areas combinethe concerns of Open Areas, with a heightened concern for inte-gration of luminaire appearance with site architecture.

Illumination of irregularly shaped spaces, and a need to controlstray light, requires optical diversity. Fixture placement may alsobe influenced by aesthetic concerns.

Luminaires in this area are highly visible, requiring attention to fin-ish quality and detail. Design components shared with other arealuminaires enhance integration of the entire site.

The Site Perimeter may include requirements to control illumina-tion onto adjacent properties.

Light trespass ordinances, and courtesy to neighboring proper-ty occupants, requires tight control of light emitted behind theluminaire.

Efficient design satisfies some of this demand, while cutoff opticsprovide an additional level of control. Houseside shields mayalso be required to provide even tighter control by trimming thedistribution pattern. These concerns must be satisfied, withouteffecting overall system performance.

Roadways Open Areas Pedestrian Areas Site Perimeter

Desirable Optical Features Desirable Optical Features Desirable Optical Features Desirable Optical Features

Lamp Distribution RotatableOrientation Options Optics

Lamp Distribution Houseside RotatableOrientation Options Shield Optics

Lamp Distribution Houseside RotatableOrientation Options Shield Optics

Type II Type II Type II

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type VSymmetric

Type IV

Type VSymmetric

Type IV

Lamp Distribution CutoffOrientation Options Control

Horizontal LampFlat Lens

Type II

Vertical LampConvex Lens

Type IIIAsymmetric

CutoffControl

CutoffControl

CutoffControl

Type II

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type IV

Type II

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type IV







(34.42')

REPORT NUMBER: ITL44999

DATE: 02/02/99

PREPARED FOR: KIM LIGHTING INC.

CATALOG NUMBER: AR

LUMINAIRE: DIE CAST HOUSING, MULTI-FACETED PEENED

REFLECTOR ABOVE LAMP, MULTI-FACETED SPECULAR

REFLECTOR, DIFFUSE FORMER

LAMP: (1) 150W CLEAR E-23 H.P.S.

REPORT BASED ON 16000 LUMEN LAMP.

MAXIMUM PLANE AND CONE PLOTS OF CANDELAREPORT NUMBER: ITL44999

DATE: 02/02/99


CANDELA TABULATION

180.0

155.0

125.0

115.0

105.0

95.0

85.0

75.0

66.0

65.0

55.0

45.0

35.0

25.0

15.0

5.0

0.0

0.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

4.

7.

18.

327.

728.

782.

1674.

2219.

2110.

982.

582.

491.

363.

15.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

7.

9.

24.

491.

746.

810.

1983.

2192.

2165.

964.

600.

491.

363.

35.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

27.

700.

2492.

2465.

2610.

2310.

2092.

1137.

664.

491.

363.

55.0

0.

0.

5.

9.

12.

15.

36.

1701.

4011.

4339.

4066.

2392.

2092.

1674.

655.

491.

363.

71.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

36.

3893.

8595.

8295.

7104.

2301.

2056.

1946.

582.

455.

363.

75.0

0.

0.

5.

9.

15.

18.

45.

3993.

8232.

8141.

6631.

2228.

2047.

1956.

600.

464.

363.

95.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

36.

810.

3183.

3429.

3029.

1974.

1956.

1956.

746.

418.

363.

115.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

45.

500.

1783.

1810.

2001.

1865.

1910.

1874.

1101.

364.

363.

135.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

55.

300.

1674.

1737.

2010.

1865.

1846.

1792.

1264.

327.

363.

155.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

12.

45.

518.

1437.

1483.

1655.

1719.

1774.

1728.

1392.

318.

363.

180.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

12.

12.

36.

382.

1037.

1110.

1492.

1674.

1746.

1674.

1346.

309.

363.

VERTICAL ANGLE

LATERAL ANGLE

HOUSE SIDESTREET SIDE

8400

5600

2800

2800

5600

8400

Maximum candela in vertical planeestablishes angle of cone for

lateral candela plot

Maximum candela angle in lateralplane establishes angle for

vertical candela plot

2800

5600

8400

House Side

Street Side

0° Lateral

Lateral candela plotis traced on the

surface of a cone

The vertical candelaplot is traced on a

vertical plane

Vert

ica

l Pla

ne

30°

60°

66° Vertical

Reference Line

71° Lateral71° Lateral

(71° Lateral)

Reference Line

8595 candela

House Side

Street Side

D VA (66˚ Vertical)

0,0

a (14.0')

LAb (31.44')

10.23' (.73 Mounting Heights)

fc = (8595 / 34.422) x .407 = 2.95 fc

Footcandles atMaximum Candela = 2.95

Maximum Candela Angle



Maximum candela corresponds to apoint @ 71° Lateral x 66° Vertical

from the reference line and 0° nadir

0° Vertical (nadir)

House Side

Street Side

Maximum Candela

figure 5.1

figure 5.2

figure 4.1

figure 4.2

180°

0°

180°

0°

90°

90°

HouseSide

StreetSide

LateralAngle

VerticalAngle

90°

Footcandles (fc) = [(Candela @ VA by LA) / D2] x cosine VA

0°

71° Lateral Angle66° Vertical Angle

29.73' (2.12 Mounting Heights)

KKIIMM LIGHTING 55

Photometry Information

Basic Language and Presentation

44 KKIIMM LIGHTING

Candela TabulationPresenting the raw data used for allilluminance calculations, the informa-tion is tabulated with the VerticalAngles in rows and Lateral Angles incolumns. Lateral values from 0° to 90° are infront of the luminaire and referencedas “Street Side.” Lateral values from90° to 180° are behind the luminaireand referenced as “House Side.”Vertical values from 0° to 90° are belowthe fixture, while values 90° to 180° areat the fixture level and above.Candela data is also used to define aluminaire's distribution type and cutoffcharacteristics. See pages 8 - 11 foradditional detail.

Luminaire Orientation

Footcandle CalculationsThe data provided in the candela tab-ulation is used to calculate footcandlelevels within a proposed lightingdesign. Generally, this is accom-plished by using computers to pro-duce numeric calculations. The evaluations are dependent uponthe accuracy of the data used to makethe requisite calculations.Figure 4.2 illustrates the relationship ofthe calculated illumination at a singlepoint, to the information provided inthe Candela Tabulation. See page 12,figure 10.1 for the correlating locationon an Isofootcandle Plot.

Candela PlotsCandela Plots are based on the can-dela tabulation data (figure 4.1).Outdoor lighting produces unique lightpatterns, that are difficult to representin a flat two-dimensional plane. To create distribution plots that illus-trate luminaire performance, curvesare plotted with a three-dimensionaldynamic.Using the maximum candela value –in this example 8595 – two planes areidentified; a lateral angle of 71°, and avertical angle of 66° (see figure 5.1). The vertical angle is used to create acone, with its slope equal to the verti-cal angle of maximum candela – inthis example 66° – on this cone, all lat-eral candela distribution values fromthe tabulated data row at 66° are plot-ted. The result is shown on the rightside of the chart (figure 5.1). The two-dimensional view is looking down atthe top of the constructed cone.The second value – the lateral angleof 71° – is used to construct a verticalplane off the lateral baseline. On thissurface, all vertical candela distributionvalues from the tabulated data col-umn at 71° are plotted. The result isshown on the left side of the chart (fig-ure 5.1). For purposes of presentingthe plot, the vertical plane is flattened– or laid back 90° – to show it in thesame plane as the right side plot.The combination of the two curves rep-resents luminaire performance in threedimensions.

Figure 5.2 (at left) shows the chart in aperspective view, to help visualize therelationship between the two plottedcurves.

Photometry is the foundation on whichall evaluations of luminaire performance are built.

Independent testing assures the photometryis accurate and reliable.

Photometry Testing

Variables Affecting Accurate Information

66 KKIIMM LIGHTING

The Importance of AccuracySite/Area Illumination design isconcerned with relatively largelamp sources, applied over largeareas. Visual acuity is greatlyinfluenced by control of glare anduniformity. In this, subtle varia-tions in the performance of lumi-naires have a dramatic effect onthe illuminated field. The only wayto accurately predict the perform-ance of a proposed design, isthrough the application of accu-rate performance data.

Comparing PerformanceIn addition to accurately predict-ing the performance of a singlesystem, comparisons of perform-ance between two systems, pro-duced by disparate providers,can only be accomplished if thedata provided by both is acquiredusing some form of mutuallyaccepted standard. Ideally, thiswould include an independentsource of testing, unbiased, utiliz-ing industry established stan-dards.True comparisons of differentoptical systems can only beaccomplished when the methodof testing is the same for bothsystems.

Assumptions andCompromisesTo save money, many manufac-turers utilize methods that com-promise accuracy under theassumption that small variancesare not important. Just how farthese assumptions are carried isnever clearly defined and variesfrom one provider to another. Thismakes it very difficult to deter-mine where actual test informa-tion and the compromises beginand end. To make the most qualified,informed decisions, accuracyand dependability of informationis vital. Compromises andassumptions have no place in theraw data being used to makeselections.

ProratingProrating is a common practice inthe representation of luminaireperformance. It is based onapplying multipliers, based onraw lamp lumens, to a known testresult. For example; A testaccomplished on a system with a10,000 lumen lamp, is pro-ratedto represent a system using a5,000 lumen lamp, by simplyapplying a .5 multiplier to the testdata on the base luminaire. This wrongly assumes that all otherfactors are exactly equal, that theonly variation is raw lumens.With High Intensity Discharge(H.I.D.) sources, every lamp isdifferent, based on:• Arc Tube Shape (Metal Halide

or High Pressure Sodium)• Arc Tube Size• Envelope size (ED-17 through

BT-56)• Base Size (medium or mogul)• Envelope shape• Intended operating position

(vertical, horizontal or universal)• Position of the arc tube within

the envelope• Whether or not the socket

design locks the lamp into agiven position (pin orientation).

The combination of these ele-ments produces unique configu-rations for virtually every H.I.D.lamp. Prorating cannot accountfor these variables.The photos shown in figure 6.1,show the numerous variations incommon H.I.D. lamps. In addition to these variables, theposition of the lamp within a reflec-tor system, heat dissipation, inter-nal reflection and lamp/opticalsystem interaction are all variablesnot represented in prorated per-formance reports.In the case of High PressureSodium lamps, heat plays a largepart in lamp life. HPS lampVoltage Rise at Arc Tube informa-tion is an indication of how theoptical system controls arc tubeheat. The higher the rise, theshorter a lamp’s life will be. This isalso not considered in proratedinformation, as it can only begained through testing of eachoptical system.

Kim does not use performanceprorating to represent luminaireperformance.

Lamp Variations (images to scale with each other)

Metal Halide

figure 6.1

High Pressure Sodium

70MH ED-17 175MH ED-17 175MH ED-28

In addition tothese obviousdifferences, HPSlamps are verysensitive to arctube temperatureand voltage riseduring operation.

250MH ED-28 400MH ED-28 400MH BT-37

1000MH BT-56 Vertical HorizontalArc Tube Arc Tube

70HPS ED-17 100HPS ED-17 150HPS ED-17

150HPS ED-23 250HPS E-18 400HPS E-18

750HPS E-37 1000HPS E-25

KKIIMM LIGHTING 77

Test SourcesPhotometry testing can come fromseveral sources. The two mostcommon are; The manufacturer oran Independent Test Facility. Thetwo most recognized independenttesting facilities are ITL of BoulderColorado and ETL. Manufacturers’ data may or maynot be trustworthy and must becarefully scrutinized. It is very dif-ficult to determine whether theinformation provided by two dif-ferent manufacturers can beaccurately compared. Unless thetesting procedures used by eachproducer are known, comparativeresults may be highly suspect. Ifthe manufacturer has no otherprocess in place to assure thatevery test is accomplished understrict procedural standards (suchas ISO9001), test results may notbe accurate. Without strict con-trol, testing process may shift,creating variations from one testto another over time.Independent testing by ITL andETL are accomplished using IESestablished standards, understrict procedural processes. Inaddition to this, independent labsutilize seasoned lamps of knownoutput, driven by laboratory qual-ity ballasts, whose electrical char-acteristics are tightly controlled.This produces results that areaccurate from one optical systemto another, regardless of whenthey are tested.A Hybrid method, where a coreseries of optical systems are test-ed by an independent source, withadditional tests accomplished bythe manufacturer, can also beused. By providing a redundantseries of bench-mark testsagainst the independent data, theaccuracy of the manufacturers’information can be determined.This allows the manufacturer totest a larger range of systemswhich might be otherwise imprac-tical.In any case, it is important toknow the origin of test data. If thesource is suspect, so is the infor-mation provided.Kim utilizes Independent TestFacilities to acquire all photom-etry data.

Optical VariationsOptical systems are precisedevices, that are affected by a widerange of variables. The effects ofsubtle variations from one lamp toanother, an arc tube design, or theposition of the lamp within a reflec-tor system, can have a dramaticimpact on performance. Anychange in these variables requirestesting to create accurate evalua-tion of performance. Figure 7.1shows an example of how tworeports vary, resulting from achange of lamp (MH to HPS).

Four Basic RulesThe following guidelines assurethat the information used to eval-uate and compare the perform-ance of optical systems is the most accurate and depend-able:

1. Testing of every configurationThe only way to be assured thatperformance information isaccurate is through testing.Each lamp/reflector combinationmust be tested. Prorating doesnot accurately represent actualperformance.

2. Known testing proceduresTesting and manufacturingshould employ a quality pro-gram that is audited toISO9001 standards. Thisassures that procedures are inplace that control consistencyin testing and manufacture.

3. Independent verificationIndependent testing and/orverification is the only way toassure that the data provided isaccurate and does not includespecial “tuning” of performanceto gain more attractive testresults.

4. Sealed optical systemsTo assure the performancedesired is achieved in applica-tion and will remain so withoutdegradation from optical sys-tem contamination, the opticalchamber must be tightlysealed. See page 19 for addi-tional details on this importantfeature.

Photometric VariationsThe subtle variations in these two isofootcandlefootprints are based on differences in lamp configu-ration only. All other components of the optical sys-tems were identical.For more information on how to read the isofootcan-dle plots, see page 12.

figure 7.1

400MH Type III

400HPS Type III

35' 30' 25' 20'

InitialHorizontalFootcandles atListed MountingHeights

1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

Single

Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide

Longitudinal Distance in Mounting Heights

Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

35' 30' 25' 20'


1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

Single

Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


DATE: 02/02/99


CANDELA TABULATION

180.0

155.0

125.0

115.0

105.0

95.0

85.0

75.0

66.0

65.0

55.0

45.0

35.0

25.0

15.0

5.0

0.0

0.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

4.

7.

18.

327.

728.

782.

1674.

2219.

2110.

982.

582.

491.

363.

15.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

7.

9.

24.

491.

746.

810.

1983.

2192.

2165.

964.

600.

491.

363.

35.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

27.

700.

2492.

2465.

2610.

2310.

2092.

1137.

664.

491.

363.

55.0

0.

0.

5.

9.

12.

15.

36.

1701.

4011.

4339.

4066.

2392.

2092.

1674.

655.

491.

363.

71.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

36.

4325.

8595.

6913.

4325.

1946.

582.

455.

363.

75.0

0.

0.

5.

9.

15.

18.

45.

4325.

8232.

8141.

6631.

2228.

2047.

1956.

600.

464.

363.

90.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

36.

1256.

4302.

4466.

3250.

1974.

1956.

1956.

746.

418.

363.

115.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

45.

500.

1783.

1810.

2001.

1865.

1910.

1874.

1101.

364.

363.

135.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

55.

300.

1674.

1737.

2010.

1865.

1846.

1792.

1264.

327.

363.

155.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

12.

45.

518.

1437.

1483.

1655.

1719.

1774.

1728.

1392.

318.

363.

180.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

12.

12.

36.

382.

1037.

1110.

1492.

1674.

1746.

1674.

1346.

309.

363.

VERTICAL ANGLE

LATERAL ANGLE


House Side

Street Side

MH

1.75 MH

2.75 MH

2.25 MH3.75 MH6.0 MH

Reference Line

Type II

Type III

Type IV

SHORT RANGEMEDIUM RANGELONG RANGE

Point ofMaximum Candela

Outline of10% Maximum candela

1.0 MH

VERY SHORT RANGE

Minor deviation not considered

3

50% MaximumCandela Trace

figure 6.1

figure 6.2

KKIIMM LIGHTING 9988 KKIIMM LIGHTING

Distribution Types

Definitions and Methodology

MethodOutdoor Luminaires produce lightingpatterns that can be identified by theirreach in front and to each side of a sin-gle fixture location. Distribution Typesdescribe the reach of the luminaire'slight pattern forward of each fixture,while Distribution Ranges define thereach to either side.

Distribution TypesClassification is based on locating theluminaire’s effective major output pat-tern on a grid representing distancesin Mounting Heights. The pattern isdefined by tracing an area represent-ing distribution at 50% of MaximumCandela. Classification is establishedby measuring where the bulk of thispattern falls on the grid (see figure6.2).In some cases, minor deviations in abeam pattern may cross the boundaryfrom one pattern description intoanother. Where this has a nominaleffect on applied performance, it is notconsidered.1

Distribution Type defines how far for-ward of the luminaire (Street Side) theeffective output reaches. Type IIdefines shallow reaches, while Type IVidentifies luminaires with a definite for-ward-throw distribution. See the follow-ing diagrams for definitions of eachspecific type.

Distribution RangeDistribution Range defines how far thedistribution pattern reaches laterally,perpendicular to the axis used to iden-tify general Type. See the definitionsbelow figure 6.2 for each of the rangesused.

Long RangeA distribution is identified asLong Range when the point ofmaximum candela lies from3.75 to 6.0 MH from the lumi-naire’s centerline, along thereference line.

Medium RangeA distribution is identified asMedium Range when the pointof maximum candela lies from2.25 to 3.75 MH from the lumi-naire’s centerline, along thereference line.

Short RangeA distribution is identified asShort Range when the point ofmaximum candela lies from1.0 to 2.25 MH from the lumi-naire’s centerline, along thereference line.

Very Short Range2

A distribution is identified asVery Short Range when thepoint of maximum candela liesfrom 0 to 1.0 MH along the ref-erence line.

1, 2, 3 See page 41 for Footnotes

Example: Type II, Medium Range3

Distribution Types only generally describe a distribution pattern.To establish the suitability of a luminaire for an application,

evaluation must be completed using actual photometric data forthe specific fixture and lamp combination being considered.

Type IIHorizontal Lamp

A distribution is classified as Type IIwhen the 50% maximum candelatrace lies within 1.75 MH on the streetside of the reference line.4

Type IIIHorizontal Lamp

A distribution is classified as Type IIIwhen the 50% maximum candelatrace lies within 2.75 MH on the streetside of the reference line.4

Type IVHorizontal Lamp

A distribution is classified as Type IVwhen the 50% maximum candelatrace lies beyond 2.75 MH on thestreet side of the reference line.4

Street Side1.75 MH

2.75 MH

2.25 MH3.75 MH6.0 MH

Reference LineHouse Side

MH

1.0 MHfigure 7.1

Type II

Type III

Type IV

SHORT RANGEMEDIUM RANGELONG RANGEVERY SHORT

RANGE

Street Side1.75 MH

2.75 MH

2.25 MH3.75 MH6.0 MH

Reference Line

Type III

Type IV


House SideMH

1.0 MH

VERY SHORTRANGE figure 7.2

Type II

Street Side1.75 MH

2.75 MH

2.25 MH3.75 MH6.0 MH

Reference Line

Type II

Type III

Type IV


House SideMH

1.0 MH

VERY SHORTRANGE figure 7.3

Example: Type II, Medium Range3

Example: Type III, Medium Range3

Example: Type IV, Short Range3

3, 4 See page 41 for Footnotes

House Side

Street Side

Reference Line

1.0 MH

MH

1.0 MH

1.0 MH

figure 8.1

2.25 MH

Reference Line

NARROWWIDE

MH

1.0 MH

figure 8.2

House Side

Street Side

2.25 MH

Reference Line

NARROWWIDE

1.0 MH

1.0 MHMH

figure 8.3

House Side

Street Side

Distribution Types

Definitions

1100 KKIIMM LIGHTING

Type V Square5

Horizontal LampDistribution is classified as Type VSquare for horizontal lamp luminaireswhen the 50% maximum candelatrace is symmetric in four quadrants.This distribution is characterized byfour candela peaks, diagonal to thereference line.

Asymmetric5, 6

Vertical LampGeneral pattern appearance is similarto Type III. Distribution is classified asAsymmetric for vertical lampluminaires when the 50% maximumcandela trace lies beyond 1.0 MH onthe street side of the reference line,and inside 1.0 MH on the house side ofthe reference line. Narrow Rangedistribution is identified when thepoint of maximum candela fallsinside of 2.25 MH, Wide Range isidentified when the point of maximumcandela falls beyond 2.25 MH.

Symmetric Square5, 6

Vertical LampGeneral pattern appearance is similar tohorizontal lamp Type V Square. Distribution isclassified as Symmetric Square for verticallamp luminaires when the 50% maximumcandela trace is symmetric in fourquadrants on both street and house side ofthe reference line. Narrow Range distributionis identified when the candela peaks fallinside of 2.25 MH along the reference line,Wide Range is identified when the candelapeaks fall beyond 2.25 MH.

Example: Type V Square3

Example: Asymmetric, Wide3

Example: Symmetric Square, Narrow3

3, 5, 6 See page 41 for Footnotes


DATE: 02/02/99


CANDELA TABULATION

180.0

155.0

125.0

115.0

105.0

90.0

80.0

75.0

66.0

65.0

55.0

45.0

35.0

25.0

15.0

5.0

0.0

0.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

4.

7.

18.

327.

728.

782.

1674.

2219.

2110.

982.

582.

491.

363.

15.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

7.

9.

24.

491.

746.

810.

1983.

2192.

2165.

964.

600.

491.

363.

35.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

27.

700.

2492.

2465.

2610.

2310.

2092.

1137.

664.

491.

363.

55.0

0.

0.

5.

9.

12.

15.

36.

1701.

4011.

4339.

4066.

2392.

2092.

1674.

655.

491.

363.

71.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

15.

36.

4325.

8595.

6913.

4325.

1946.

582.

455.

363.

75.0

0.

0.

5.Ł

9.Ł

15.

18.

45.

4325.

8232.

8141.

6631.

2228.

2047.

1956.

600.

464.

363.

90.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

36.

1256.

4302.

4466.

3250.

1974.

1956.

1956.

746.

418.

363.

115.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

45.

500.

1783.

1810.

2001.

1865.

1910.

1874.

1101.

364.

363.

135.0

0.

0.

9.

12.

15.

18.

55.

300.

1674.

1737.

2010.

1865.

1846.

1792.

1264.

327.

363.

155.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

9.

12.

45.

518.

1437.

1483.

1655.

1719.

1774.

1728.

1392.

318.

363.

180.0

0.

0.

0.

0.

12.

12.

36.

382.

1037.

1110.

1492.

1674.

1746.

1674.

1346.

309.

363.

VERTICAL ANGLE

LATERAL ANGLE


80°

Cutoff Luminaire

0° nadir

Candela <2.5% of Rated Lumens(example: no more than 400)

Semicutoff Luminaire

0° nadir

Example Luminaire Rated Lamp Lumens = 16000

Candela <10% of Rated Lumens(example: no more than 1600)



figure 9.1

figure 9.3

figure 9.4

Full Cutoff Luminaire

0° nadir

Candela = 0


figure 9.2

90°

80°90°

80°90°

Maximum Candelaat vertical angle of 90°(shown: 18 candela)

KKIIMM LIGHTING 1111

Definitions and Methodology

Cutoff

What is Cutoff?Beyond distribution and range,luminaires are defined by how wellthey control light at angles above 80°from nadir.Designs without significant cutoffcharacteristics distribute light in zonesunlikely to contribute to useful visibility,contribute to light pollution, and areinefficient.

DefinitionsDefinition of Cutoff is based on whatproportion of a luminaire’s output isbeing distributed at 80° and 90° abovenadir.

NoncutoffA luminaire’s light distribution isdesignated as Noncutoff when thereis no luminous limitation in any zone.

Full CutoffA luminaire’s light distribution isdesignated as Full Cutoff when thecandela at 90° above nadir is 0 andless than 10% of rated lumens at 80°above nadir.* See figure 9.2

CutoffA luminaire’s light distribution isdesignated as Cutoff when thecandela at 90° above nadir is lessthan 2.5% of rated lumens, and lessthan 10% of rated lumens at 80°above nadir.* See figure 9.3

SemicutoffA luminaire’s light distribution isdesignated as Semicutoff when thecandela at 90° above nadir is lessthan 5% of rated lumens, and lessthan 20% of rated lumens at 80°above nadir.* See figure 9.4

Example:The luminaire represented in thesample Candela Tabulation (figure 9.1)produces 18 candela at 90° (<2.5% ofRated Lumens) and 55 candela at 80°(<10% of Rated Lumens). Thesevalues fall within the defined rangesshown in figure 9.3, classifying this asa Cutoff Luminaire.

* Extracted from IES Publication RP33-99(2/99).

Correction and update (3/00)


Estimating Spacing and Uniformity

Estimating Maximum SpacingDuring the Schematic Design phase ofa project, rough luminaire layouts canbe created using isofootcandle plots.

EXAMPLEThis example assumes a desiredMinimum Initial Illuminance of 2.0fc,using luminaires mounted on 14'

poles.

To estimate a fixture layout - start fromthe perimeter, where the 2.0fc isofoot-candle trace crosses the ReferenceLine, to establish the maximum singlefixture distance to the site perimeter(1.6 MH, figure 11.1).

In order to attain the minimum illumi-nance (2.0fc) between fixtures, the1.0fc traces of two fixtures must inter-sect at the site perimeter and interior.Therefore, lateral spacing is deter-mined by where the 1.0fc trace inter-sects the Reference Line (2.2 MH),and maximum forward spacing isidentified where the lateral spacingline intersects the 1.0fc trace on thestreet side of the luminaire (1.8 MH).These two dimensions indicate themid-points between luminaires, inMounting Heights.Multiplying these Mounting Heightdimensions by the pole height (14')defines the maximum luminaire spac-ings in both directions. In this exam-ple, 60' (4.4 MH x 14') x 50.4' (3.6 MHx 14').

Approximate IlluminancesBy overlaying Isofootcandle Plots, arough idea of illuminances can beaccomplished by adding the values ofeach contour where they intersect (fig-ure 11.2).More accurate calculations (computergenerated evaluations) will generallyreturn levels higher than thoseachieved using this method, as small-er contributions from every adjacentluminaire would be included.

Approximate UniformityThrough observation of the overlap-ping of the Isofootcandle Plots,approximate uniformity can also beestimated (figure 11.2).

20' 16' 14' 12'20' 16' 14' 12'

MaintainedHorizontalFootcandles atListed MountingHeights


3.4

1.3

.67

.34

.13

.07

.03

.01

.01

5.2

2.1

1.0

.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

.01

6.8

2.7

1.4

.68

.27

.14

.07

.03

.01

5

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

.01

7.8

3.1

1.6

.78

.31

.16

.08

.03

.02

10

4.1

2

1

.41

.20

.10

.04

.02

14

5.6

2.8

1.4

.56

.28

.14

.06

.03

9.3

3.7

1.9

.93

.37

.19

.09

.04

.02

Fc initial x .67 Fc initial

Catalog Nos: Distribution:I.T.L. Test No:

1A/SAR3/175MH1A/SET3/175MHType III, Cutoff37773

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4

1

2

1

2

3

4

HouseSideStreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


Single

175 WattMetal Halide13,500 Initial Horizontal Lumens10,125 Mean Horizontal LumensANSI Code M57-175

1.8 MH

2.2 MH

Reference Line

2.2 MH

1.8

MH

50.4

'

2.0fc

10.0fc

4.0fc

2.0fc

2.0fc

2.0fc

Estimated Uniformity (10 max. to 2 min.) = 5:1

Reference Line

2.2 MH

1.8

MH

1.6 MH

1.6 MH22.4'

60'

figure 11.1

figure 11.2

Isofootcandle Plots

Conventions and Usage


ConventionsFootcandle calculations are shown withthe luminaire at various mounting heights.Contour lines are drawn through illumi-nance values. Each contour, from the cen-ter out, represents approximately 50% ofthe value of the previous contour.The plot is placed over a grid, indicatingmounting height divisions, to demonstratethe luminaire’s applied performance.

3 See page 41 for Footnotes

Example maximum candela pointand lateral angle line is included hereto illustrate how illumination levels at apoint correlate with the IsofootcandlePlot information shown. The location of the point is 2.12 MountingHeights lateral to the fixture referenceline and .73 Mounting Heights from theStreet Side.The point represents a calculated2.95fc, which corresponds to its posi-tion between the 2fc and 4.1fcIsofootcandle contour lines (at a 14'

Mounting Height).

20' 16' 14' 12'20' 16' 14' 12'



3.4

1.3

.67

.34

.13

.07

.03

.01

.01

5.2

2.1

1.0

.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

.01

6.8

2.7

1.4

.68

.27

.14

.07

.03

.01

5

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

.01

7.8

3.1

1.6

.78

.31

.16

.08

.03

.02

10

4.1

2

1

.41

.20

.10

.04

.02

14

5.6

2.8

1.4

.56

.28

.14

.06

.03

9.3

3.7

1.9

.93

.37

.19

.09

.04

.02

Fc initial x .67 Fc initial

Catalog Nos: Distribution:I.T.L. Test No:

1A/SAR3/175MH1A/SET3/175MHType III, Cutoff37773

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4

1

2

1

2

3

4

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


Single

175 WattMetal Halide13,500 Initial Horizontal Lumens10,125 Mean Horizontal LumensANSI Code M57-175

ITL Test Lamp dataInitial Lumens used in test luminaire

Distribution ClassificationSee pages 8 - 10 for details

Plotted Grid - Indicates divisions in Mounting Height increments

3

figure 10.1

Maintenance Factor usedfor Maintained Illuminance Fc (Mean Lumens / Initial Lumens) x .9 = Maint. Factor

ITL Test Report NumberRefers to Candela Tabulation Report

Example maximum candela point correlates to figure 4.2 (page 4), dashed line is 71° lateral

Footcandle contour lines Illustrate luminaire distribution

Footcandle Tabulation - values apply to adjacent contour lines

UsageThe isofootcandle plots graphically repre-sent the luminaire’s lighting pattern, in illu-minance, striking a horizontal surface.These plots are scalable as they are rep-resented in mounting height increments.An approximation of pole spacingsrequired to attain a desired uniformity caneasily be determined from the informationprovided (see page 13 for details).These plots also provide a productive toolfor the comparison of various luminaires.The easily read visual reference indicatesbeam patterns graphically, where otherinformation (such as candela tabulationsand isocandela curves) may be less clear.


Application

Distribution Pattern Uses

Estimating Maximum SpacingIdeally, all light energy produced wouldbe focused into desired “lighted” zoneswith no wasted energy being directedelsewhere. This would require an infinitearray of distributions, with the ability totune them to every site condition. While this is not realistic, the combinationof careful luminaire selection, mountingheight, and luminaire placement, canproduce very efficient designs, using justfour basic distribution patterns.For each of the basic distributions,variations such as range and thecharacteristics of horizontal vs. verticallamp optics, produce additional choices.Further fine tuning can be attained withhouseside shields and reflectororientation (see page 15).

The example below (figure 14.1) showshow the combination of four basicdistribution patterns are used to directlight energy into the lighted zones.

Type IIType II distributions are well suited fornarrow areas, running parallel to theluminaire's reference line, such asroadways, paths and driveways.

Type IVType IV distributions produce a deepforward throw, well suited for perimeterlighting.

Type III - Horizontal LampAsymmetric - Vertical Lamp

Type III and Asymmetric distributions arewell suited for site / area perimeters, wideroadways, and open areas.

Type V Square - Horizontal LampSymmetric Square - Vertical Lamp

Type V and Symmetric distributionsproduce a wide, symmetrical pattern withexcellent uniformity for large, open areas.

figure 14.1


Important Features for Fine-Tuning Designs

Square vs. Round DistributionFor large areas, symmetric distributionsprovide maximum pole spacing in bothlateral and longitudinal directions. Rounddistributions, however, do not reach welldiagonally between pole locations,reducing uniformity and requiring shorterdistances between luminaires. Kimsquare distribution patterns arespecifically engineered to maximize polespacing by improving uniformitydiagonally between fixture locations.

Houseside ShieldsWhen luminaires are located close tostructures, or areas where the illuminationemitted on the houseside of the referenceline is objectionable, houseside shieldsoffer additional control.These devices “trim” light emitted by thelamp, as well as light reflected from withinthe optical system. These are applied toType II, Type III and Type IV (horizontallamp) and Asymmetric (vertical lamp)optical systems only.Houseside shields are not applied to Type Vor Symmetric optical systems, as they willnot function properly.

Reflector Orientation / Rotatable OpticsOrientation of luminaires is oftencontrolled by available pole locations andproduct aesthetic design. The luminairehead, arm or yoke may dictate anorientation that varies from the desiredoptical orientation.The ability to rotate optical systemsprovides a high degree of flexibility totailor luminaire performance to specificapplications, while maintaining aestheticcontinuity of the luminaires used.The combination of optical distributions inmultiple luminaire applications producesadditional unique “footprints,” creatingcustomized performance and/orincreased illumination levels to suit a verywide range of needs.The illustrations shown at left are just afew examples based on a simple twinmounting arrangement.

Max./Min. Ratio5:1

Max/Min Ratio4.5:1

4fc

WideSpacing

12fc

20fc

2fc 2fc

9fc

NarrowSpacing

Typical Round Pattern OverlapPoor diagonal overlap requires tighterpole spacing to maintain acceptableuniformity.

Kim Type V Square Pattern OverlapImproved diagonal overlap allows widerpole spacing while maintaining excellentuniformity.

Type II

Type IIIAsymmetric

Type IV

Type IV

Type IV with Houseside Shield Reference Line

Street SideHouse Side

Building Structureor Adjacent Property

Building Structureor Adjacent Property

Type III, AsymmetricType II Type IV

Angled Shield

Street Side House Side

Angled Shield


Angled Shield

Street Side House Side Street Side House Side

Flat Shield with Louvers

Raw LampDistribution

ReflectorMain Distribution

System Footprint

Direct distribution from lamp provides illumination directly below luminaire

Raw lamp distribution

CompactProfile

Upper reflector directs light to higher angles


Design Considerations

Optical System Design

Lamp and Reflector System Integration


Optical DesignThe function of an optical system is todirect light energy emitted by the lampinto desirable luminous zones. This canbe accomplished by reflection, diffusion,baffling, refraction, or transmissionthrough a lens. Lamp placement also plays a significantrole in determining optical system per-formance. Lamps placed higher in reflec-tor systems produce narrower distribu-tions with very sharp cutoff control, whilelamps placed lower in reflector systemsproduce wider distributions with less pre-cise cutoff.

Lamp CharacteristicsClear envelope H.I.D. sources do not pro-duce significant output from the lampends (socket and bulb tip). This charac-teristic has a significant impact on opticalsystem design.

Lamp orientation and the design of reflec-tor components use these characteristicsto achieve the greatest end result.

Lens EffectsAs light strikes the surface of a flat lens,some portion is reflected back into theoptical system. This is most apparent atshallow incident angles and impacts theability of an optical system to spread lighthorizontally.

Flat lens surfaces canproduce undesirableinter-reflections atshallow incidentlight angles.

Convex lens reducesinter-reflections,improving luminaireefficiency at highdistribution angles.

Little light emitted from socket end

Little light emitted from lamp tip

Greatest energyemitted perpendicularto arc tube

Arc Tube

Socket

Lamp, Reflector, and Lens Interaction

Horizontal Lamp with Flat Lens is well suited for asymmetric distributions with verysharp cutoff control.

CompactProfile

Convex lens provides subtle increases in high angle distribution

Horizontal Lamp with Convex Lens is well suited for asymmetric distributions with good cutoff con-trol, where increased lens presence is desirable. A subtle improvement in uniformity is also realized.

Raw lamp distribution produces minimal illuminance directly below the luminaire

High lamp position produces narrow distribution and increased cutoff control

Majority of lamp output is controlled by the reflector

High Vertical Lamp Position with Convex Lens is well suited for narrow symmetricdistributions with sharp cutoff control.

Low lamp position produceswidest distribution

Raw lamp distribution produces minimal illuminance directly below the luminaire

Convex lens increases output at higher angles

Low Vertical Lamp Position with Convex Lens is well suited for wide symmetric dis-tributions.

OrientationUsing the lamp's natural distribution to itsgreatest advantage produces the mosteffective optical designs. In plan view, thehorizontal lamp orientation producesasymmetric lateral distribution, while verti-cal lamp orientation produces a strongsymmetric pattern. Reflector designs thatenhance these characteristics producethe most efficient results.

Horizontal Lamp OrientationHorizontal lamp orientation provides thegreatest control over lateral distribution.The normal lamp distribution is very wellsuited for asymmetric as well as squaresymmetric distribution. Horizontal lamporientation produces relatively small arctube exposure to high distribution angles.This produces a superior cutoff character-istic.

Vertical Lamp OrientationVertical lamp orientation subjects thegreatest portion of the lamp’s output tocontrol by the reflector system, producingoptimum vertical distribution control. Thisorientation provides less control over lat-eral output, favoring symmetric distribu-tion patterns. Vertical lamp orientationalso takes advantage of the higher lumenoutput produced by a vertical arc tubepositioning.Kim’s split beam optical features producethe optimum optical system performanceby reducing energy being redirectedthrough the arc tube and lamp envelope.This also reduces damaging arc tube volt-age rise in High Pressure Sodiumsources.

Houseside ShieldsThe effects of lamp orientation and lensconfiguration on houseside shields aredramatic. Main reflector distribution, street-sidereflector brightness, and direct lamp visi-bility are factors that determine the effec-tiveness of houseside shields in reducingunwanted brightness on the house-side ofthe optical system. Horizontal lamp orientation presents thegreatest challenge in designing effectiveshielding. Convex lenses allow moreeffective control, as the shielding deviceis able to better control direct arc tubebrightness. Vertical lamp orientation pro-vides even greater control, as the arc tubeis already deeper in the optical system.

Type II - Horizontal Lamp Type IV - Horizontal Lamp

Type III - Horizontal Lamp Type V Square - Horizontal Lamp

Asymmetric - Vertical Lamp Symmetric Square - Vertical Lamp

Vertical lamp reflector design redirects light energy away from the arc tube center by “splitting” distribution using reflector facets

High Vertical Lamp Position withConvex Lens: Most effective shielding

Low Vertical Lamp Position withConvex Lens: Very effective shielding

Horizontal Lamp with Convex Lens:Effective shielding

Horizontal Lamp with Flat Lens:Least effective shielding

Reflector Mechanical Design

General Methods of Construction


Reflector ConstructionReflectors can be constructed usingseveral methods; hydroforming,stamping, spinning, segmented stripsand fabrication. The greatest differencebetween methods lies in how the reflectivesurfaces are finished and how precise thereflector elements are shaped and held inplace. Hydroforming, stamping, and spinningbegin from raw, unfinished sheet metal,which is formed, then finished in onepiece. The material used in thesemethods often compromises reflectivity toaccommodate forming and finishing ofthe component. The shape of thereflector segments, corner radii andsurface texture are also affected by theseforms of manufacture, at the cost ofperformance.Pre-finished optical reflector sheet offersmuch higher reflectivity than any post-form finishing. The variety of reflectivequalities and surface textures producesthe greatest level of design control. Thesematerials are alloyed to improve reflectivequalities and are finished to very tighttolerances, using computer controlledmachine processes. The pre-finishedsurface, however, cannot behydroformed, spun or stamped, as thisdestroys the reflective qualities anddurability of the material. Reflectors made from pre-finishedreflector materials must be carefullyformed and fastened to create an opticalassembly.Strip segment reflector assemblies utilizepre-finished lighting sheet, cut into strips,break formed and riveted along a singleedge to a lightweight backing pan. Whileinexpensive to manufacture, theseassemblies can easily be distorted duringregular maintenance.

Fabricated ConstructionFabricated optical systems utilize pre-finished, interlocking reflector elementsthat are fastened by tabs and rivets to arigid frame. These systems offer highlevels of repeatability in manufacturingwith accurate placement of reflectorelements. Fabricated systems are durableand able to withstand regularmaintenance.

Kim Lighting utilizes fabricatedreflector systems. This methodcombines the best available reflectormaterials with the most precise anddurable location of elements within theoptical system.

Hydroforming, Stamping, or SpinningReflectors created with these formingmethods require the addition of draft-angles for tool release and large cornerradii. These requirements often result in acompromise to optical design. Finalfinishing of these components may sufferunevenness in corners and bends. Whileproducing consistent shape and allowingeasy sealing of the optical chamber, theseforming methods do not offer the precisionof pre-finished lighting sheet. Theseforming methods are well suited to smallscale optical systems, where compactdesign is more critical than optimum output.

Pre-finished Lighting SheetPre-finished optical sheet materials offerthe most precise surface finish, opticalquality, surface durability andconsistency. These materials are alloyedand finished specifically to produce thereflective qualities. Reflectivity can be ashigh as 98%, with optical clarity near thatof scientific first-surface mirrors. Theavailability of a wide range of finishes(specular to diffuse) and surface textures(flat to heavily dimpled), provides theopportunity to create very precise opticalsystems, not possible with other formingmethods.

KIM Fabricated ConstructionUsing a combination of pre-finishedmaterials, formed, interlocked and rivetedto a rigid frame, this method ofconstruction creates a robust opticalsystem. Each reflector element is heldfirmly and precisely in place. The threedimensional attributes of this design alsoincrease efficiency by controlling a largerportion of lamp output. These systems aretough enough to be cleaned and willwithstand years of regular maintenancewith no degradation of performance orprecision.


Fabricated Construction Features

Kim Optical Systems

Premium MaterialsKim uses the highest quality pre-finishedreflector materials available, from thepremier suppliers of lighting quality sheetstock. Reflector surfaces are protected byplastic film throughout the manufacturingand assembly process.

Class A Tool TolerancesAll tools used to form the opticalcomponents are Class A, producing thesharpest possible bend radii, whicheliminates undesirable inter-reflectioncaused by soft or large radius corners inan optical system.

FasteningAll reflector elements are secured bytabbing into the carrier frame andadjacent elements, then riveted to providea permanent attachment. These one-wayfitments assure consistency in fabricationand resistance to deformation duringmaintenance.

Rigid FrameKim reflectors are constructed usingrigid frames. Die-cast, spun, orhydroformed, these create thefoundation for the optical componentsand must be rigid. All frames are finishedby chemical etching or anodizing forcorrosion resistance.

Pure Silicone GasketingPremium molded gasket materialproduces the optimum seal andeliminates out-gassing, which can fog orhaze the reflector system and lens.Silicone also has the highest memoryretention for a repeatable seal after everylamping. All lens frame gaskets aremolded in one piece, or extruded with theends fused to produce a continuous loop,to eliminate gaps that allow intrusion offoreign objects into the optical system.

Sealed Optical ChamberWater, moisture, insects, dust, and otherairborne debris will degrade luminaireperformance if not eliminated. Infiltrationcan come through the pole arm, ballastcompartment, lens seal, housing anddoor frame seams.Kim eliminates infiltration by sealing theoptical chamber inside and out, from allother components and cavities. Theoptical system is sealed against the lensor housing and held in place by a rigiddie-cast door frame. All otherpenetrations, for wire or fasteners, arealso sealed. This isolates the opticalchamber completely and eliminatespenetration of contaminants.

SealedOpticalChamber

SealedWirePenetrations

Continuous Gasketof Door Frame toOptical Chamber

Kim Optical Systems

Three Core Systems for Maximum Adaptability


Horizontal LampHorizontal lamp, with a flat lens.Available in Type II, Type III, Type IVand Type V Square distributions.This system provides maximumcutoff control and very gooduniformity.An Optional Convex Lensprovides increased lens presenceand a subtle improvement inuniformity, while maintaining goodcutoff characteristics.

Two-Tier Vertical LampVertical lamp with convex lens,High or Low lamp position.Available in Asymmetric andSymmetric distributions in wide andnarrow ranges. Providesexceptional uniformity with verywide pole spacings. 70 to 1000watt sources.Initial lamp position is factorypreset per specification. Socketpositioning is controlled mechanicallyto positively locate the lamp duringnormal operation and maintenance.

Single-Tier Vertical LampVertical lamp with convex lens.Available in Asymmetric andSymmetric distributions. Providesvertical lamp performance incompact luminaire profiles unableto accommodate the larger Two-Tiersystem.

Registered Quality ProcessKim Optical Systems are Audited toISO9001 Standards at Kim operatedfacilities. This assures that proceduresare in place, well documented andcontrolled, to produce a consistentquality experience for every Kimcustomer.

Type II Type III Type IV Type V Square

N3Asymmetric -

Narrow

N5Symmetric Square -

Narrow

W3Asymmetric -

Wide

W5Symmetric Square -

Wide

F3Asymmetric

F5Symmetric Square

Independent TestingKim photometry is accomplished byindependent testing professionals, at ITLBoulder. This assures that any photometry dataprovided is accurate and attained using industrystandard practice, seasoned lamps, andstandardized ballasts, in a laboratoryenvironment. RvA Council

for Accreditation

High LampPosition

Low LampPosition

FixedLow LampPosition

Rotatable OpticsKim products provide easy in-field rotation of the opticalsystem within the luminaire. Every reflector is boldlymarked to indicate major distribution orientation. This allows optical performance to be adjustedindependent of the luminaire’s aesthetic elements, aswell as the creation of unique distributions usingmultiple fixtures.

Kim Horizontal Lamp Luminaires


The Archetype®

AR – 150-400 HPS175-400 MH

SAR – 70-150 HPS70-175 MH

Type II, Type III, Type IV, andType V Square

The Entablature®

ET – 150-400 HPS175-400 MH

SET – 70-150 HPS70-175 MH


Matrix™

MX21 – 150-400 HPS175-400 MH


Also available with VerticalLamp Optics.

Curvilinear Cutoff17, 21, 25, and 29" Diameters

CC/CCS – 70-1000 HPS70-1000 MH



NeoSphere®

NS1 – Hemispherical LensNS2 – Flat Lens

70-150 HPS70-175 MH



Wide Throw HorizontalWTH – 150-250 HPS

175-250 MH




Kim Vertical Lamp Luminaires

Matrix™

MX21 – 150-400 HPS175-400 MH

Symmetric and asymmetricdistributions

Post Top and Arm Mounted

VL Curvilinear17, 21, 25, and 29" Diameters

VL – 70-1000 HPS70-1000 MH

Symmetric and asymmetric,wide and narrow distributions

Wide Throw VerticalWTV – 150-250 HPS

175-250 MH


NeoSphere®

NS1 – Hemispherical Lens70-150 HPS70-175 MH



Horizontal Lamp

All Kim Horizontal MH socketsare pin-oriented (except pulsestart) and include a moldedsilicone lamp stabilizer.

Molded Lamp Stabilizer

The horizontal lamp orientation with flat glass lens producessharp cutoff with zero light above 90°. In addition, this system hasbeen carefully engineered to provide maximum pole spacing withvery good uniformity. The primary reflector panels are highlyspecular to achieve precise lamp arc reflections toward thedesired areas on the ground. Excessive illumination below theluminaire is avoided by the elimination of downward reflectingsurfaces.

Typical horizontal lamp “Shoebox luminaires” produceexcessive straight-down illumination in relation to side throw.This causes poor uniformity and requires closer pole spacings.

The Kim system has reduced straight-down illuminationand increased side throw. This produces greatly improveduniformity and increased pole spacing.

High angle maximum candela and sharp cutoff areproduced by the smooth specular side panel elements.

Mid range and transition distribution is produced by thespecular peened upper reflector, gradually increasing intensitytoward higher angles, while avoiding dark spots and low angledistribution.

Low angle distribution from bare lamp output is more thanadequate. The elimination of downward reflecting surfacesgreatly improves uniformity by maintaining optimum low angleoutput.

B

A

CD

E

Type II Type III Type IV Type V Square

70 - 400 Watt MH70 - 400 Watt HPS

A

B

C

D

E


(Also available with Optional Convex Lens)

Horizontal Lamp

Type II - Medium Range


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.1.53.26

.11

.05

.03

.01

1.4.72.36

.14

.07

.04

.01

2.11.0.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

1.5.73.37

.15

.07

.04

.01

21.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

2.91.4.72

.29

.14

.07

.03

4.52.31.1

.45

.23

.11

.05

3.21.6.81

.32

.16

.08

.03

Distribution: Type II, CutoffI.T.L. Test No: 35903

Single

Fc initial x .72

VERTICAL PLANE THROUGH MAXIMUM CANDELA63.0 (Degrees Vertical)

CONE THROUGH MAXIMUM CANDELA83.7 (Degrees Horizontal) = 20122

Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

MAXIMUM PLANE AND CONE PLOTS OF CANDELA

House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

6700

13400

20100

150°

120°

Horizontal LampFlat LensCutoff

400 WattMetal Halide40,000 Initial Horizontal Lumens32,000 Mean Horizontal Lumens

REPORT NUMBER: ITL 35903DISTRIBUTION: Type IIREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former



Type III - Short Range

Horizontal Lamp

35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.1

.53

.26

.11

.05

.03

.01

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

.01

2.1

1.0

.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

.01

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

.03

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

.05

3.2

1.6

.81

.32

.16

.08

.03

Distribution: Type III, CutoffI.T.L. Test No: 35914

Single

Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

5500

11000

16500

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 35914DISTRIBUTION: Type IIIREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former

Horizontal Lamp

Type IV - Very Short Range


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.1

.53

.26

.11

.05

.03

.01

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

.01

2.1

1.0

.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

.01

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

.03

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

.05

3.2

1.6

.81

.32

.16

.08

.03

Distribution: Type IV, CutoffI.T.L. Test No: 35925

Single

Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

5400

10800

16200

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 35925 DISTRIBUTION: Type IVREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


Type V - Square

Horizontal Lamp

35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.1

.53

.26

.11

.05

.03

.01

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

.01

2.1

1.0.52

.21

.10

.05

.02

1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

.01

2

1.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

2.9

1.4.72

.29

.14

.07

.03

4.5

2.31.1

.45

.23

.11

.05

3.2

1.6.81

.32

.16

.08

.03

Distribution: Type V Square,Cutoff

I.T.L. Test No: 35936Single

Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

3300

6600

9900

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 35936DISTRIBUTION: Type V SquareREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former

Horizontal Lamp

Flat Louvered Shield for Horizontal Lamp with Flat Lens



Streetside distribution passesthrough louver

Houseside distributionreduced with insert on streetside of reflector

Houseside distributionblocked by shield

Houseside Shield: Stamped aluminum with louvers that pass streetside light and blockhouseside light. Clear anodized finish. Attaches to lens frame on any of four sides toinsure correct orientation with reflector. Black panel added to reflector on the street sideto reduce houseside reflection. Use with clear lamps only. Not for use on Type V Squaredistributions

35' 30' 25' 20'


1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

.01

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.02

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

.03

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

.05

Single

Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

HorizontalLampType IV400 WattMetal Halide

WithFlat Lens /HousesideShield

ITL Test No.36046


Shield allows streetside distributionto pass unobstructed

Houseside distributionblocked by shield

Houseside distributionreduced with insert on streetside of reflector

Houseside Shield: Stamped aluminum. Clear anodized finish. Attaches to lens frame(or reflector frame) on any of four sides to insure correct orientation with reflector. Blackpanel added to reflector to reduce houseside reflection. Use with clear lamps only. Notfor use on Type V distributions.

Formed Shields for Horizontal Lamp with Optional Convex Lens


Two-Tier Vertical Lamp

Two-Tier Vertical Lampsystems incorporate heat sinksto reduce socket operatingtemperatures and clamp stylelamp stabilizers (400-1000 wattMH and 400 watt HPS lampsonly) to protect lamp envelopefrom vibration failure.

Lamp Vibration ClampSocket Heat Sink

For maximum pole spacing and optimum uniformity over largeareas, the two-tier vertical lamp system is ideal. Producinggood cutoff with minimal light above 90°, this system is engineeredto provide layouts with the fewest luminaires possible. The primaryreflector panels are highly specular to achieve precise lamp arcreflections toward the desired areas on the ground.


The Kim system has minimal straight-down illuminationand substantially increased side throw. This producessuperior uniformity and the maximum pole spacingattainable.

High angle distribution is maximized by the vertical lamporientation, split beam optics, convex lens and specular sidepanel elements.

Mid range and transition distribution is produced by thenatural bare lamp output. Side panel elements are engineeredto provide smooth transition from raw lamp output to highangle distribution without dark rings or spots.

Low angle distribution from bare lamp output is adequate. Thelamp's natural distribution is well suited to provide minimal under-fixture brightness.

B

A

Low Lamp PositionWide Distribution

Maximum Spacing

High Lamp PositionNarrow Distribution

High Intensity

E

CD

N3 / W3Asymmetric - NarrowAsymmetric - Wide

N5 / W5Symmetric Square - NarrowSymmetric Square - Wide

Socket PositionHigh and Low socketposition is fixed at thefactory to assure proper arctube positioning within thereflector system.

70 - 1000 Watt MH70 - 1000 Watt HPS

A

B

C

D

E

Reflector facets split reflected light, directing it away from the lamp envelope.



N3 Asymmetric - Narrow


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



.65

.33

.16

.07

.03

.02

.89

.44

.22

.09

.04

.02

1.3

.64

.32

.13

.06

.03

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.05

.47

.24

.12

.05

.02

.01

.64

.32

.16

.06

.03

.01

.94

.46

.23

.09

.04

.01

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

Distribution: Asymmetric Narrow,Cutoff

I.T.L. Test No: 38902

Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

7300

14600

21900

150°

120°

Vertical LampConvex LensCutoff


REPORT NUMBER: ITL 38902DISTRIBUTION: Type III - NarrowREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


W3 Asymmetric - Wide


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



.65

.33

.16

.07

.89

.44

.22

.09

1.3

.64

.32

.13

2

1

.5

.2

.47

.24

.12

.05

.64

.32

.16

.06

.94

.46

.23

.07

1.4

.72

.36

.14

Distribution: Asymmetric Wide,Semi-Cutoff


Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

5400

10800

16200

150°

120°

Vertical LampConvex LensSemi-Cutoff


REPORT NUMBER: ITL 38857DISTRIBUTION: Type III - WideREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


N5 Symmetric Square - Narrow


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.6

.65

.33

.16

.07

.03

2.2

.89

.44

.22

.09

.04

3.2

1.3

.64

.32

.13

.06

5

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.94

.47

.24

.12

.05

.01

1.3

.64

.32

.16

.06

.01

1.9

.94

.46

.23

.09

.01

2.9

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.04

Distribution: Symmetric Square -Narrow, Cutoff


Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

4900

9800

14700

150°

120°

Vertical LampConvex LensCutoff


REPORT NUMBER: ITL 38895DISTRIBUTION: Type V - NarrowREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


W5 Symmetric Square - Wide


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.6

.65

.33

.16

.07

.03

2.2

.89

.44

.22

.09

.04

3.2

1.3

.64

.32

.13

.06

5

2

1

.5

.2

.1

.94

.47

.24

.12

.05

.01

1.3

.64

.32

.16

.06

.01

1.9

.94

.46

.23

.09

.01

2.9

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.04

Distribution: Symmetric Square -Wide, Semi-Cutoff


Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

4500

9000

13500

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 38856DISTRIBUTION: Type V - WideREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former



Formed Shields for Vertical Lamp - Convex Lens

High Lamp Position

Angled Shield


Low Lamp Position

Formed shield blocksdistribution toHouse Side


Shield allows Street Side distributionto pass unobstructed

Reflector designminimizes distributiontoward House Side

Houseside Shield: Spun aluminum. Clear anodized finish. Attaches to reflector framein correct orientation with reflector. Use with clear lamps only. Not for use on Symmetricdistributions.

35' 30' 25' 20'


.65

.33

.16

.07

.89

.44

.22

.09

1.3

.64

.32

.13

2

1

.5

.2

Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

VerticalLampAsymmetric - Wide400 WattMetal Halide

WithConvex Lens /HousesideShield

ITL Test No.38901


Single-Tier Vertical Lamp

Single-Tier Vertical Lampsystems incorporate heatsinks to reduce socketoperating temperatures.

Socket Heat Sink

For maximum pole spacing and optimal uniformity over largeareas, in compact luminaire enclosures, the single-tier verticallamp system is ideal. Producing good cutoff with minimal lightabove 90°, this system is engineered to provide layouts with thefewest luminaires possible. The primary reflector panels are highlyspecular to achieve precise lamp arc reflections toward thedesired areas on the ground.


The Kim system has minimal straight-down illuminationand substantially increased side throw. This producessuperior uniformity and the maximum pole spacingattainable.

High angle distribution is maximized by the vertical lamporientation, split beam optics, convex lens and specular sidepanel elements.

Mid range and transition distribution is produced by thenatural bare lamp output. Side panel elements are engineeredto provide smooth transition from raw lamp output to highangle distribution without dark rings or spots.

Low angle distribution from bare lamp output is adequate. Thelamp's natural distribution is well suited to provide minimal under-fixture brightness.

A

ComparativeHorizontal Lampdistribution

B

ComparativeHorizontal Lampdistribution

C

ED

F3Asymmetric - Wide

F5Symmetric Square - Wide

70 - 400 Watt MH70 - 400 Watt HPS

A

B

C

D

E

Reflector facets split reflected light, directing it away from the lamp envelope.



F3 Asymmetric


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

2.0

1.0

.5

.2

.1

.05

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

1.1

.53

.26

.11

.05

.03

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

2.0

1.0

.52

.21

.1

.05

3.2

1.6

.81

.32

.16

.08

Distribution: Asymmetric - Wide,Semi-Cutoff


Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

3300

6600

9900

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 44887DISTRIBUTION: Type III - WideREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


F5 Symmetric Square


35' 30' 25' 20'35' 30' 25' 20'



1.5

.73

.37

.15

.07

.04

2.0

1.0

.5

.2

.1

.05

2.9

1.4

.72

.29

.14

.07

4.5

2.3

1.1

.45

.23

.11

1.1

.53

.26

.11

.05

.03

1.4

.72

.36

.14

.07

.04

2.0

1.0

.52

.21

.1

.05

3.2

1.6

.81

.32

.16

.08

Distribution: Symmetric - Wide,Semi-Cutoff


Fc initial x .72



Fc initial

HouseSide

StreetSide


Late

ral D

ista

nce

in M

ount

ing

Hei

ght

s


ISOFOOTCANDLE PLOT

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

2

0

1

1

2

3

4

5


House Side

Street Side

0

180°

30°

60°

90°

30°

60°

90°

3800

7600

11400

150°

120°



REPORT NUMBER: ITL 44894DISTRIBUTION: Type V - WideREFLECTOR: Multi-faceted - peenedreflector above lamp, multi facetedspecular reflector, diffuse former


Formed Shields for Vertical Lamp - Convex Lens



Formed shield blockslight to House Side

Reflector design minimizes distributiontoward House Side

Shield allows Street Side distributionto pass unobstructed

Houseside Shield: Spun aluminum. Clear anodized finish. Attaches to reflector framein correct orientation with reflector. Use with clear lamps only. Not for use on Symmetricdistribution.


Electronic Information Available

Specification Data and Applications Assistance

Applications AssistanceKim Lighting utilizes the latest computer technology and softwareto provide specifiers with reliable evaluations of lighting systemperformance.Kim can analyze a proposed luminaire layout or providerecommendations based on performance criteria.Hard copies of plans can be sent directly to the Kim ApplicationsDepartment via fax, express or regular mail. Any .dwg or .dxf file can be transmitted via modem or email([email protected]), or placed on diskette, CD ROMor Zip disk, and forwarded to Kim Lighting c/o Kim Apps.

Footnotes:1. ITL Reports using IES guidelines consider any crossing of the identified boundaries as definition of overall Type, regardless of its impact or

significance to applied performance. Classifications indicated do not consider minor deviations in classification of Type shown.2. The “Very Short Range” identification is not an IES standard definition, but is used by ITL to identify distributions with ranges inside the 1.0 MH

allowed in the “Short Range” definition established.3. Information shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent a specific luminaire's performance.4. Definition is extracted from IES Lighting Handbook, 8th edition.5. Definition has not been identified by the IES at this time. Definition shown is based on Kim Lighting research and development efforts and

engineering of optical systems to improve applied performance.6. Distribution may be classified by ITL, using IES standard practices, as a Type IV distribution, due to a small portion of the 50% isocandela trace

falling beyond the 2.75 MH line. This aberration in classification methodology conflicts with luminaire applied performance. Classification indicatedmore accurately represents actual luminaire usage.

Photometric FilesKim photometric files are available free in both electronic andhard copy format.Electronic photometric files include .pdf file format pages forprinting and .ies files for use in lighting calculation software. Thecomplete .ies / .pdf library is available on CD ROM and on theinternet at www.kimlighting.com.

Specification InformationTo obtain a copy of the complete full color, 640 page KIMproduct binder, contact your local Kim Lighting representative.Specification information in electronic format is available on CDROM as well as on the Internet. Visit www.kimlighting.com forfree access to all Kim specification data sheets in .pdf format forviewing with Adobe Acrobat Reader. For convenience AcrobatReader is included on the CD ROM as well as on the web site forimmediate download.

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