Site Characterization and Analysis

Terminal Learning Objective

• ACTION: Conduct Site Characterization

• CONDITION: Given an Environmental Site scenario, personnel protective equipment and criteria for conducting an assessment using detection and monitoring techniques IAW OSHA regulations.

• STANDARD: Identify environmental hazards with a minimum of 80% accuracy

Enabling Learning Objectives

• Identify the 8 components of site characterization and analysis

• Identify the three phases of Site Characterization• Identify potential common site hazards during initial

site entry• Identify required information employer must provide

to employee prior to site entry• Identify when site monitoring is required• Identify common risks associated with site hazards• Identify elements and purpose of a site control

program• Identify clues used to identify the presence of

hazardous materials during a site characterization

Site Characterization and Analysis

What is it?

1. Evaluation2. Hazard Identification3. Required Employee Information4. Personal protective equipment5. Monitoring6. Risk Identification7. Employee Notification8. Site Control

The 8 areas tie in the following programs:

• Site Control• Safety Plan• Monitoring• Medical

Site Characterization and Analysis

1. Site Evaluation (Phases)– Preliminary, prior to entry

• Records search

– Initial site entry– Continual updating

• Monitoring• Evaluation

2. Hazard Identification. Completes assessment of potential hazards prior to start of work

Includes:• Confined space• Explosive• Hazardous energy• Flammable• Slip, trips, falls• Visible vapor clouds• Bio indicators

Hazard Identification

feeds Risk Identification

Site Characterization and Analysis

3. Required Information to Employee“The following information to the extent available

shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employee to enter the site”:

– Location and size of site– Description of activity

• Task/purpose

– Duration of activity• Stay times/recycle

– Site topography– Safety and health hazards– Emergency response capabilities– Hazardous substances

• Data feeds Safety Plan & vice versa• Data grows with each entry

Site Characterization and Analysis

4. Personnel protective equipment– Based on preliminary site evaluation– Protect against known and suspected hazards– If positive pressure SCBA not used as part of initial

entry, and if respiratory protection is warranted by potential hazards, an escape SCBA of at least 5 mins must be carried

– If all hazards not known, Level B is minimum– Once all hazards ID’ed, PPE can be adjusted

Feeds Safety

Plan

Site Characterization and Analysis

5. Monitoring– During site entry when potential for radiation or

IDLH environment exists– Continual when:

• Ionizing radiation present • IDLH environment present• Potential for IDLH environment

– Ongoing program IAW 29CFR1910.120 paragraph (h) after characterization has determined site safe for start up of operations

Site Characterization and Analysis

6. Risk Identification• Once specific hazards are established, the risks

involved are identified (not all inclusive):» Exposures exceeding the permissible

exposure limits and published exposure levels

» IDLH concentrations» Potential skin absorption and irritation

sources» Potential eye irritation sources» Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges» Oxygen deficiency

Hazard Identification

feeds Risk Identification

Site Characterization and Analysis

– Program: Controls employee exposure to hazardous substances

– Elements:

• Site Map

• Work Zones

• Buddy system

• Site Communications

7. Employee notification

– Any information of known or unknown shall be made available

Ties in w/safety plan and work plan

8. Site Control

Site Characterization and Analysis

Check on Learning

Site Characterization And Analysis

What is it?

1. Evaluation2. Hazard Identification3. Required Employee Information4. Personal protective equipment5. Monitoring6. Risk Identification7. Employee Notification8. Site Control

How to do it

Record

search

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MonitoringID

Hazards/Risks

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Preliminary Evaluation

Site Acciden

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Sit

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PPE

Selection

Site Control

ProgramHazard Mitigation

Monito

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searchPreliminary Evaluation

Preliminary Evaluation

• Determination of potential hazards based on the development of a site history through the use of printed documentation, maps, and photographs.

• Places where documentation can be researched are as follows:– County Court House– Utility, Phone Companies– Library– Local Police Force– Health Department– Neighbors– Former Employees– U.S. Geological Survey

Preliminary Evaluation

• Information may include:– Permits, License and Deeds– Previous land (or structure) occupancy and use– Products manufactured, used or stored on the site– Geological data regarding soil and groundwater

conditions

– Information regarding the surrounding area e.g. aerial, ground photographs, topography etc…

– Accessibility

Identification Of Hazards

• INFORMATION RESOURCES• PLACARDS• LABELS• UN ID Numbers• NFPA 704• HMIS• HMIG• CONTAINER SHAPES• SENSES

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MonitoringID

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Site Safety Plan

PPESelection

Site Control ProgramMonitoring

Program

Information Resources

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• Shipping Papers

• Facility Papers

• CHEMTREC

• PEAC

NFPA 704 Colors and Their Meanings

1. Blue = Health

2. Red = Flammability

3. Yellow = Reactivity

4. White = Special W_11

22

33

44

HMIS / HMIG

• Hazardous Material Identification System

• Hazardous Material Identification Guide– 4 hazard principles– 5 degrees of hazards– Alphabetical designations

for PPE

Placards and Labels

Placards

• Placed on transport vehicles– Can provide recognition and general

hazard classification.– Colored background– Respected hazard class symbol– Hazard class / division number– Four digit identification number

Labels

• Labels are the responsibility of the shipper and – Are warnings to handle with care,– Provide guidance for storage,– Provide guidance for proper placards to be

used,– Must be affixed to package.

•CLASS 1 = EXPLOSIVES•CLASS 2 = GASES•CLASS 3 = FLAMMABLE & COMBUSTBLE LIQUIDS•CLASS 4 = FLAMMABLE SOLIDS•CLASS 5 = OXIDIZERS AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES•CLASS 6 = TOXIC MATERIALS •CLASS 7 = RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS•CLASS 8 = CORROSIVE MATERIALS•CLASS 9 = MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS

Hazard Classification System

Class 1 Explosives1.1 – 1.6

• Mass explosion that affects almost the entire load– Black powder– Dynamite– T-N-T– Blasting caps– Nitroglycerin

Class 2 Gases2.1 Flammable Gas

2.2 Non Flammable Gas2.3 Poisonous by Inhalation (PIH)

2.1• Lower Explosive Limit

(LEL) < 13%• Flammable Range

(FR) > 12% Ethylene Oxide Butadiene Isobutane Propylene Methane

2.2• Non-liquefied Compressed Gas:

– Gaseous at 68°F and charge pressure

• Liquefied Compressed Gas: – Gas which is partially

liquid at 68°F and charge pressure

2.3• “Known to be so toxic to humans as to

pose a hazard during transportation”• LC50 of 5,000 ml/m3 (ppm) or less• Four hazard zones• Examples: methyl bromide, chlorine,

hydrogen chloride, phosgene

Class 3: Flammable Liquids

• Flammable Liquid– Flash Point < 141°F

• Combustible Liquid– 141°F < Flash Point < 200°F

Class 4 4.1 Flammable Solids

4.2 Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 Dangerous When Wet 4.1

• Wetted explosives• Self-reactive materials• Readily combustible

solids4.2• Pyrophoric Materials (liquid or solid)

– if contact air, ignites in less than 5 minutes

• Self-heating Materials– if contact air, self-heat

• Examples:phosphorous, carbon black, charcoal, sodium borohydride

4.3• When in contact with Water

– becomes spontaneously flammable– gives off flammable gas– gives off toxic gas

• Examples:lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium carbide

5.1 Oxidizers

5.2 Organic Peroxides

Class 5 Oxidizers 5.1 Oxidizers

5.2 Organic Peroxides

• Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.

Class 6 Toxic6.1 Poisons

6.2 Etiologics6.1• Toxic to humans• Health hazard during transport• Presumed toxic (based on animals)

– ORAL TOXICITY: LD50 < 500 mg/kg (l) LD50 < 200 mg/kg (s)

– DERMAL TOXICITY: LD50 < 1,000 mg/kg– VAPOR (and DUST) TOXICITY : LC50 < 10mg/L

• Examples:phenol, nitrobenzene, hydrogen cyanide

6.2• Infectious substance or etiologic• Diagnostic specimens• Biological products• Regulated medical waste• Examples:

ebola virus,hemorrhagic fever agents,hepatitis A & B,botulism toxin

Class 7 Radioactive

• Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns

• Definition: Materials having a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcurie per gram.

RADIOACTIVE

Class 8 Corrosive

• White top• Black bottom• Test tubes• Hand and steel bar

Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

• A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that is not included in another hazard class

Mixed Load• Applies to placarding only • Required when 1001 lbs or more of material is transported and it is composed of 2 or more hazard categories.• Replaces the specific placards for the individual classes.• Exception is when one single class in a multiple class transport exceeds 5000 lbs, in which case the placard for the large load class must be displayed.

• A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its – Form– Quantity– Packaging– No placard

Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)

Typical Container Shapes That May Indicate Hazardous Materials

Bags

Twisted and Tied

Folded and Glued

Stitched

Bottles

Protected PlasticGlass

Boxes

Wooden Divided Fiberboard

Fiberboard

Non-bulk Packages

• Drums– Construction Materials

• Fiberboard• Metal• Plastic

– Openings• Open head, chime / bolt ring• Tight or closed head,

bung & inspection holes

Non-bulk Packages

• Carboys– Glass or plastic bottle– Enclosed in

protective “box”

• Dewar– Thermos/insulated– Cryogenic liquids

• Bottles & Cans– Bottles, coated bottles– Cans, Jerricans

Radioactive Packaging

• Limit Quantity Packaging

• Strong Tight

• Type A

• Type B

• Special Form

• Industrial Radiography Sources

Limited Quantity

• Very small surface exposure

• Normal industrial packaging

• Not typically labeled

• Examples include:– Luminous watch dials– Smoke detectors– Medical diagnostic kits

Strong Tight

• Used for Low Specific Activity (LSA)

• Marked “RADIOACTIVE LSA”

• Essentially Type A containers

Type A Packing

• Larger amounts of LSA

• Labeled “RADIOACTIVE”

• Normal transportation

Type B Packaging

• Highly radioactive material

• Labeled as Type B and “RADIOACTIVE”

• Normal transportation conditions

• Accident conditions

Bulk Containers

• Cargo Tanks– MC 306 / DOT 406– MC 307 / DOT 407– MC 312 / DOT 412– MC 331– MC 338– Bulk Handlers– Tube Trailers

MC 306(DOT 406)

Large Oval Ends

Longitudinal rollover protection

Manhole assembly located on top

Underbelly Outlets

Pressures up to 4 psig

MC 307(DOT 407)

Rounded Ends

Single Work Platform

Single Outlet Piping

25 psig+ Working Pressure

–“General Service Tank”

–Poisons

–Mild corrosives

–Flammable & combustible liquids

–Asphalt

–Non-hazardous materials

MC 307 / DOT 407

MC 312(DOT 412)

Rounded Ends Small Diameter“Cigar Shape”

5 - 25 psig Working Pressure

Exterior Stiffner Rings

•Cargo

–Temp. Sensitive corrosives & oxidizers

–Sulfuric acid, oleum, anhydrous HF

MC 312 / DOT 412

MC 331Bolted

ManwayLarge Hemisphere Ends

Cage Around Piping

Up to 11,500 gal

100 to 500 psig

•Cargo

–Flammable compressed gases (propane)

–Liquefied petroleum gas

–Non-flammable compressed gas (anhydrous ammonia)

MC 331

MC 338

Loading/Unloading Station at Rear

Ends Normally Flat

Loading (Sometimes Located Here)

500 to 14,000 gal

25.3 to 500 psig

•Cargo

–Flammable / Non-flammable cryogenics

–Liquid nitrogen, natural gas, ethylene

MC 338

Dry Bulk Carriers

Compressor Unit

Large Sloping “V” Shaped Bottom Up to 1500 cu. ft.

Pneumatically Unloaded

• Carry dry powders & pellets

Tube Trailer

• Flat bed trailer• Horizontal DOT cylinders• Pressures up to 5,000 psi• Manifold located at rear• Typical materials include:

helium, compressed air, methane, methylbromide, hydrogen

Nonpressure or Pressure Intermodal

•Liquefied gases, pyrophorics, flammable liquids•Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable Liquids•Whiskey, Food, Alcohols, Solvents

Cryogenic Intermodal

Carry Cryogenic Materials

Tube Module

Compressed Gas

Non-Pressure Tank Car

Also called “General Service”or “Low Pressure”

4,000 - 45,000 gallons

No Expansion DomeVisible Fittings

Older cars have expansion domes

Pressure Tank Car

100 to 600 psi

Expansion DomeNo visible Fittings

4,000 - 45,000 gallons

Flammable/nonflammable gases Poison gases

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

Low Pressure Liquids (25 psig or lower)

Thermos Type, Tank in a Tank

Refrigerated to -155 ° F and below

Fixed Site Tanks

• Non-pressure Facility Tanks: < 0.5 psi

• Low Pressure Facility Tanks: 0.5 - 15 psi

• Pressure Facility Tanks: Over 15 psi

• Cryogenic Facility Tanks

Non-pressure Fixed

• Horizontal

• Cone Roof

• Floating Roof

• Lifter Roof

• Vapor Dome

• Geodesic Dome

Low Pressure

• Horizontal

• Spherical

• Spheroid

• Noded Sphere

Cryogenic Fixed

• Pressure Vessel

• May Have Heat Exchange Coils

• Cryogenic Materials (below -150°F)

Damaged, no product release

Damaged, product release

Damaged, product released

SensesSmell, Touch and Taste

• Not used as primary detection method• Never ignore your senses. If it smells, feels

or tastes hazardous, it probably is!

Check on Learning

Mis

sion

Compl

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ID Hazards/Risks

Wo

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Site Safety Plan

PPESelection

Site Control Program

MonitoringProgram

• IEP updates situation– Any additional hazards– Site picture

• Formulate/update plan• Task/purpose to work parties

– Situational awareness– Prioritize – Mitigate hazards = reduce risks– Continually evaluate hazards

thru monitoring– Evaluate required PPE

• Continue to evaluate and reevaluate as work is accomplished

Record

search

Haz

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Id

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fica

tio

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Initial Site

Entry &

MonitoringID

Hazards/Risks

Wo

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Mis

sion

Compl

ete

Preliminary Evaluation

Site Acciden

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Sit

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afet

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PPE

Selection

Site Control

ProgramHazard Mitigation

Monito

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Progra

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Unit

OPS

Science

Safety

IEP

WPs

DCN

Organize

Collect data

Collect data

Input to plan

Input to plan

Plan of action

Brief plan RCN site

Modify plan and brief

SPT SPT

Work

Time

•Location•Records•Site personnel

•Builds safety plan•Potential hazards•PPE•Security of site

Continueto

collectdata

•Receive Msn•Make Ten plan•Task Org•Est CP•Set priorities•Coordinate

QUESTIONS?