sipri yearbook 2013 summary

7/28/2019 SIPRI Yearbook 2013 Summary

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Armaments,Disarmament andInternational

Security

SIPRIYEARBOOK

2013

Summary


2/28

STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL

PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

SIPRI h

fl, , . Eh 1966, SIPRIv , , ,

, h, h .

THE SIPRI YEARBOOK

SIPRI Yearbook 2013 h w

, , , , fl

wh --h-

, . Th SIPRI Y, whh w fi h

1969, w h SIPRI h v .

Th z h SIPRI Yearbook 2013 v h

h .

CONTENTS

I 1

Part I. Security and conflicts, 2012

1. A fl 22. P fl 4

Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2012

3. M 6

4. A v 8

5. I 10

6. W 12

Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2012

7. N - 14

8. R h h 16

9. Cv fi 18

10. D- 20

A 22

SIPRI 2013www.sipriyearbook.org


3/28

introduction 1

INTRODUCTION. AN ECONOMISTS

PERSPECTIVE ON SECURITY,

CONFLICT AND PEACE RESEARCH

tilman brck

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4/28

2 sipri yearbook 2013, summary

1. ARMED CONFLICT

I 201112 fl j

h ,

h M E, wA A, wh

v E A.

Nvh, h j

z v ww

h w v.

Ph h h h

h h fi h

fl

h h w

h w h h

j w

fl. Hwv, h

h w fl

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I h h

h

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h. Sh vv h hf

fl.

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w

h - w

h

f

h v , v

wh v fl vw.

Nvh, v

201112 w h

h v fl h

, w w

v

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Armed conflict in the wake of the Arab

Spring

M, S Y w v

2012 fl w

h h A S. A h h

h A S

fl v. Th

fi fl

h j hv 2011.

Wh h h v

h A S w f h

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, M, S Y

h

fl h: fl f

fl .

Th h fl

h h .

Hwv, j h fl w

h h A

S, h h fl

q .

The fragile peace in East and South East

Asia

M h 30 v hv

E Sh E

A h w wh

b a t t l e - r e l a t e d d e a t h s i n

a r m e d con f lict s in e a st a n ds o u t h e a s t a s i a , 1 9 4 6 2 0 0 8

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

195

0

196

0

197

0

198

0

199

0

1955

1965

1975

1985

1995

2005

2000

No.

ofdeaths


5/28

security and conlicts 3

. Y h

. Wh hv v

fl wh h h hv

v h

h , - h

w wh .

I 2008 hv

-

v , E A.

Mwh

fl M, h Ph

Th v Sh E

A, h hv

.

A h w

q v v

h,

w Nh Sh K; Ch

J; Ch ASEAN; Ch

h U S.

Patterns of organized violence, 200211

Th U Cfl D P(UCDP) z v

h w h

v : - fl, -

fl - v.

Th v

z v h h

25 (h

hh UCDP) w

h w 2011, 98, h 2002,wh 114. Th w

-

v; h - -

fl w v 2011 h

2002.

I h 10- 200211 h w

73 v - fl, 37

h w v 2011; 223 -

fl, 38 h w v

2011; 130

- v, 23 2011.

Th h hw

f v . Th

- fl

h, v .

I , j h h

- fl h w.

Dv h -

v wh w h w.

Th 200211 h

w w

h h

z v. Th f

fl h

h ( hw h h

A S E Sh E A).

Hwv, h h , h hw

hq -h, -

.

0

10

20

30

40

50

2011201020092008200720062005200420032002

Number

Non-state conflict One-sided violenceState-based conflict

n u m b e r s o f a r m e d c o n f l i c ts ,

2 0 0 2 1 1


6/28


2. PEACE OPERATIONS AND

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

A 53 w

2012, h 2011 h h w h

200312. Th

v wh

ww h 10

2012w 28 487 233 642 h

h h

2011 h . Th

w h whw

h I S A

F (ISAF) Ah. Hwv, h

w

, h

w h h hh

2003.

E ISAF,

847 . Th h fi

-ISAF ISAF

2008. Th h

w 2011 2012 h h , whh h ww

2009, z.

A

2012. Th U N S

C h

v UN

fv , h w.

D h w

v (POC)

w 2012 h

v UN C

Iv, h D R h

C (DRC) Sh S. Hwv,

h

. Dv

h w

v h

G-B, wh h A U

(AU), h E U (EU) h UN

z

v hh v h E

C W A S

(ECOWAS).

D h , v

, h

v h h w

fi h ,

h

Ah w. Hw

h

w h ww ISAF

hw f h

h : h h

h W h whh

h w f h

; h

h v M,

h Sh S;

h whh w h (R2P)

POC h h

v h

v.

numb er of peace oper ations,

2 0 0 3 1 2

No.

ofoperations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2011 201220102009200820072006200520042003

United Nations Regional organization or alliance Ad hoc coalition

Conducting organization:


7/28

Peace operation changes in 2012

Th w 2012: h

ECOWAS M G-B

(ECOMIB), h EU C B

M N (EUCAP Sh N)

h UN Sv M S

(UNSMIS).

F h : h

EU P M B Hzv (EUPM), h UN I

M T-L (UNMIT) w

S: h L A S

Ov M S UNSMIS,

h whh w

hh v v, whh h

h h .

Regional developments

Tw w v h

A 2012, 8 A O,

15 E 11 h M E.

A v , h

w

A. Th w 17

h , 9 h UN

UN

h . Th

w

S;

wh wh POC

h DRC; h

L.

T- v

whw w

A O 2012:

ISAF whw h

2014 UNMIT h 2012.

security and conlicts 5

Nepal

Rwanda

Nigeria

Kenya

Burundi

Ethiopia

Uganda

India

Bangladesh

Pakistan

Kenya

Burundi

Ethiopia

Italy

Uganda

India

Bangladesh

Pakistan

UK

USA

0 50 000 100 000

No. of troops

Including ISAF

0 5 000 10 000

No. of troops

Excluding ISAF

top 10 contr ib u tor s of tr oops to multilater al peace

oper ations, 2012


8/28


3. MILITARY EXPENDITURE

W 2012

hv $1756 ,

2.5 (GDP) $249 h

h w. Th

0.4 w h

2011, h fi 1998. Nh,

h hh h w

h W W II 2010. Th

2012

hw wh h h

h W h h w,

E E h

v w.

I W C E,

. I A O, wh

2012,

w ,

w wh h w h

2008 fi .

I C Sh A, Nh

A, O, W

C E, h

20032009 w w

200912; -Sh A, E A,

L A, h w j

ww h wh , wh ww E E Sh

E A. I , h wh

h M E Nh

A. Th v f h w

w w wh 201011, w

w h 2012.

US Military expenditure

M h U S 5.6

2012. Th wh h 1

2011, h h fi

j US

-w . Hwv,

2012$685.3 w 69

hh h 2001, whh

h h w

, Ah , 2003,

Iq.

wor ld militar y spending,

2 0 1 2

Spending Change

Region ($ b.) (%)

Africa 39.2 1.2

North Africa 16.4 7.8

Sub-Saharan Africa 22.7 3.2

Americas 782 4.7

Central America 8.6 8.1

and the Caribbean

North America 708 5.5

South America 65.9 3.8

Asia and Oceania 390 3.3

Central and South Asia 59.8 1.6

East Asia 268 5.0

Oceania 28.2 3.7

South East Asia 33.7 6.0

Europe 407 2.0

Eastern Europe 100 15

Western and Central 307 1.6

Middle East 138 8.3

W 1 756 0.4

S fi (2012) US$.

Militaryexpenditure(US

$billion)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Africa North America

Latin America

Asia and Oceania Eastern Europe

Western and Central Europe

Middle East

2012201120102009200820072006200520042003

Spending figures are in constant (2011) US$

w o r l d m i l i t a r y e x p e n d i t u r e ,

2 0 0 3 1 2


9/28

Th v US

w h

h USA 2012.

Hwv, h h -

w

h

hh

v .

Russian military expenditure

Th R

, whh 1999, h 2012, wh -

16 . Th

201315

h j v

40 2015. Th

R h 201120

S A P

w-

, whh .

Security spending and violent organized

crime in Central America

C A h h h w

v h

GDP h w. Fw h h

v w h 1990 h

h,

C A

w

h -2000. Hwv,

h h v,

h hv

vv h fih z ,

.

The governance of military budgeting and

expenditure in Colombia and Indonesia

C fiv- w

h

h h

v .

D h - v w

v h h

h , C h

h . T

,

h v .

Th v h

I

1998 h h

.Hwv, wh h I

, v h

w,

fi,

, hh

h h .

military spending and armaments 7

the r epor t ing of militar y

ex pen ditur e data to the un

Th h UN

Sz I R

M E h

hh 81 2002 49 2012. E

h h hh 2012

(27 48 ). Th w w A

(2 54 ) h M E (0

14 ).

Militaryexpenditu

re

(constant2005US$billion)

2015

1950

1960

1955

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

us militar y spending, 19 50

2017


10/28


4. ARMS PRODUCTION AND

MILITARY SERVICES

Th w w h

2008 fi hq

Nh A W E

hv h w

201112. Hwv, h

h w ,

wh v v

.

O hv

h

v h U

S

h W E

h h

, A, L A

h M E. Iv

hv

hh

z, wz, vfi,

h z. I

hv

v

h whh h

hq.

C q

v h v h

v. Wh h

q, v h w whh

h

h v

h q.

Gv

h

h h . Th

v ;

; h

h .

I , h hv

h

h

v

v h w .

Cybersecurity and the arms industry

Th w

h v h

wh vfi -

v

h

.

I 2012

h h

. Rv

F S h

h h

w w

w. Wh h

v, w

Ch, I, I, R

h USAw

w fvv .

Th h

h v

. A ,

v

w $60

2011 (q 3.5 w

). Th USA w h

, h h , w h

wh h v v

w

q. I h h w, h v

h j

.

S v

v

, wh

, vh,


11/28


. Th v

v -

w

v h h w whh

fi h

.

The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing and

military services companies

Th SIPRI T 100 h w

100 -

v ( Ch

), h

2011. S v

h SIPRI T 100

$410 2011. I wh h

T 100 2010 (whh

h f ), h 2011

5

.

Th h SIPRI

T 100 2011 v

, h whw Iq

h U N

L;

-

w

; h w

US 2011.

t h e 1 0 l a r g e s t a r m s -

pr oducing companie s, 2011

Arms sales Profit

Company ($ m.) ($ m.)

1 Lockheed Martin 36 270 2 655

2 Boeing 31 830 4 018

3 BAE Systems (UK) 29 150 2 349

4 General Dynamics 23 760 2 526

5 Raytheon 22 470 1 896

6 Northrop Grumman 21 390 2 118

7 EADS (trans-Europe) 16 390 1 422

8 Finmeccanica (Italy) 14 560 3 206

9 L-3 Communications 12 520 956

10 United Technologies 11 640 5 347

C US-,

hw. Th fi fi

v, -

.

companies in the sipr i top 100

for 2011 , b y countr y

Other non-OECD, 5 companies

Russia, 6 companies

Other OECD,

15 companies

Western Europe,

30 companies

United States,

44 companies

Country or region refers to the location of the company headquarters, not

necessarily the location of production. China is excluded due to lack of data.


12/28


5. INTERNATIONAL ARMS

TRANSFERS

Th v

j v w w 17 w 20032007 200812. Th

fiv 200812h

U S, R, G, F

Ch 75 h

v . Th h fi

h h w h Ch h

h fiv

, whh h h

USA E .

Ch h v

h fi A

h ,

Sh K

J S hv

j .

Oh fi h 200812

h h fiv

h U K h

fi fiv- 1950; h h Nh h 10

; h

U h h .

O h q h

h fi h USA E

h h

w . Th h h USA

E

w ,

h v

.

Wh SIPRI

h fiv, h

fi h fi v h

. B , SIPRI

h h v h

2011 w $43 .

Arms transfers to Western and Central

Europe

Th h v jv w

W C E

h

h . Bw 20032007

200812, W E

16 C E 49

. I W E h v

w v

G I, whh

61 55 , v.

Volumeofarmstran

sfers

(billionsoftrend-indicatorvalues)

0

5

10

15

20

25

35

30

2012201120102009200820072006200520042003

Bar graph: annual totals; line graph: five-year moving average (plotted at the

last year of each five-year period).

t h e t r e n d i n t r a n s f e r s o f

m a j o r a r m s , 2 0 0 3 2 0 1 2

t h e m a i n i m p o r t e r s a n d

e x p o r t e r s o f m a j o r a r m s ,

2 0 0 8 1 2

GlobalExporter share (%)

1. USA 30

2. Russia 26

3. Germany 7

4. France 6

5. China 5

6. UK 4

7. Spain 3

8. Italy 2

9. Ukraine 2

10. Israel 2

GlobalImporter share (%)

1. India 12

2. China 6

3. Pakistan 5

4. South Korea 5

5. Singapore 4

6. Algeria 4

7. Australia 4

8. USA 4

9. UAE 3

10. Saudi Arabia 3


13/28

D

f E

f h w

, whh hv

h f v

. Th E

f f h

E

h j v q

w .

Arms transfers to Syria

A h fl S fi 2012,

h

hw . I

hw wh h fl

wh h

h fl .

Wh h E U, h L

A S, T h U

S

h S Gv, I R

wh . R

h

h wh v

q.

S h h fl 2011

h h h v w

h h U

N S h

h SGv, h hv

S

UN . R hv

v wh h

h

w 201112.

Th w S

hv h

v

. S h w

w h

Iq L. Nvh,

2012

v h

h wh w h

q.


r ecipie nt r egions of major

a r ms im p or t s , 2 0 03 20 07 a n d

2 0 0 8 1 2

200812

20032007

Africa,

9%

Americas,

11%

Europe,

15%

Middle East,

17%

Asia and

Oceania,

47%

Africa,

5%Americas,

10%

Europe,

22%

Middle East,

22%

Asia and

Oceania,

41%

t r a n s pa r e n c y i n a r m s

t r a n s f e r s

Th h h U N

R Cv A (UNROCA)

86 2011 -

w 52 2012. A w h

h fi

.

A v hv

h .

A J 2013, 35 h h

1990.


14/28


6. WORLD NUCLEAR FORCES

A h 2013 h

4400

w. N 2000 h hh . I

wh

wh, , h h v

v , wh

h h U

S, R, h U K, F,

Ch, I, P I

17 270

w.

Th v

h w

v . F, h UK h

USA hv

h

. I ,

R h

h 2010 RUS Nw START ,v hh h h wh

h USA. Ch hh -

-

.

R h

h

h h h hv

v h 1968 N-

P T (NPT)I, I P

fi. I h ,

h v

,

.

The legally recognized nuclear weapon

states

A fiv z w

, fi h NPTCh,

F, R, h UK h USA

w h fi . R

h USA hv j z

w v

, wh

. A h , h

h hh h Nw START

hh .

S h w

R h USA h ,

h h h

w h w h

. Th h h

h z w

, h h w

w hv h

. O h fiv

z w ,

Ch h z

. I 2012, Ch

hv

-,

- -

.

w o r l d n u c l e a r f o r c e s , 2 0 1 3

Deployed Other Total

Country warheads warheads inventory

USA 2 150 5 550 ~7 700

Russia 1 800 6 700 8 500

UK 160 65 225

France ~290 ~10 ~30 0

China ~250 ~250

India 90110 90110

Pakistan 100120 100120

Israel ~80 ~80

North Korea . . . . 68?

T ~4 400 ~12 865 ~17 270

A

J 2013.


15/28


Indian and Pakistani nuclear forces

I P h z

h h .

Bh v

w - h

h fi

.

I h

-fi- w. A

J 2012 I N

C Ah

h h

I

.

I 2012 P

-

h

v

v. P

-

Khh, Pj.

Israeli nuclear forces

I -

. I

h fi h

w. I

h I h 80

w, whh 50

v Jh II -

30 v v . Th

h - Jh III

w. Th w

w 2012 h I

hv v -

-h .

North Koreas military nuclear capabilities

Nh K v

hh q .

Th v h

w.

Hwv, J 2012 h US D

N I h

Nh K h w, hh h v

h z h w v.

D 2012 v -v

, h

h v, h

Nh K w h

h

, P-, h h-

h .

glob al stock s of fissile

m a t e r i a l s , 2 0 1 2

M h v fi

h

v, fi-

fi w v hw. Th h fi

hh h (HEU)

.

F h w, Ch, F,

R, h UK h USA hv

h HEU ; I, I

Nh K hv

; P HEU. A

wh v hv

fi .

Th I P FM

fi .

Global stocks, 2012

Highly enriched uranium ~1285 tonnes*

Separated plutonium

Military stocks ~224 tonnes

Civilian stocks ~264 tonnes

* Not including 92 tonnes to be blended down.


16/28


7. NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND

NON-PROLIFERATION

Nuclear proliferation concerns in Iran

I 2012 h I h

h

w. L w

w v h -

v v h

h . Th

w I h fiv

h U

N S C G

(h P5+1 ) h

v I -

wh h S C

h I h

h v

v.

I h I A

E A (IAEA) w

w

h IAEA h I h v wh

, v

h 1968 N-

P T (NPT). Th

w h IAEA

w v NPT

v h -

, v

h h MA P.

Th h w

h

fi, I h U S

h z - ,

v h vv

, wh I

w . Th w

h h

h,

h v

, wh

w v

.

North Koreas nuclear programme

Th S-P T h

z Nh K

2012, wh Nh K

w-

. I

hh, Nh K

h h

h USA. Hwv, h

w wh Nh K

h - h

h USA h

.

Th h, 13 A 2012 h v,

w w z . Th h-

Uh 3 h

-f. Nh K

wh h h wv

.

Dv Nh K

2012

h h w Nh Kh K J U w

z h -fi

v

.

Th wh

Nh E A h

Nh K v

h

.


17/28

non-prolieration, arms control and disarmament 15

NATO and non-strategic nuclear weapons

Th h -

() w E

h wh h h

Nh A T Oz(NATO) D D

P Rvw (DDPR) 2012. Th DDPR

h w

NATO v

,

NATO 2010 S C,

h US w

E. A h ,

h NATO w

h -

w R

, h DDPR h

h 2010 R

US Nw START .

Th

-

w w q h USA, hwh NATO , R

wh w, 2012, .

A h h h w

h h fi w

h.

Measures to combat nuclear terrorism

I 2012 h

h v v

h hh v. I

Mh, 53 h v

h h N S S

S, Sh K,

h

ww.

Th vw

h v h

2010 Wh N S S

q

h

. Th

h h w h h

h 2011 h w

Fh, J.

Th v h

, h Nh

2014, hw

. Th

h

h hh-v

h

j h hv

v . Wh h

hh-v h

h w

h h h

v,

h h

v

jv h fi j.


18/28


8. REDUCING SECURITY THREATS

FROM CHEMICAL AND

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

Chemical weapon arms control and

disarmament

R h U S w

h fi A 2012

h h

h w

h 1993 Ch W Cv

(CWC). Th O

h Ph Ch W

(OPCW) L v

h w. Ewh,

h

h w, h

J Ch W

W II, .

D 2012 h h

CWC h

h h - h

Th CWC Rvw C, h

A 2013. Th vfi h h w

vh h

h .

N w j h CWC 2012. A

31 D, 188 h fi

h v; 2 h

fi ; 6 h

h fi .

Biological weapon arms control and

disarmament

D 2012 h h 1972

B T W Cv

(BTWC) h h fi w

h 2011 Svh BTWC

Rvw C. Th

h vw

- , h

v

h h , fv

h

v v, h fi h

.

Th BTWC I S

U (ISU)

j h f q

. I

h CWC, hwv, h

.

O w j h v

2012: h Mh I. A

destr uction of chemica l

w e a p o n s

A 31 O 2012,

Iq, L, R h USA h

h hw

54 258 (78 ) 1

h w h

13 h 70 h

43 h h

21 v

o l d a n d a b a n d o n e d c h e m i c a l

w e a p o n s

A D 2012,

3 h h h w (ACW)

h

15 h h h hv

h w (OCW)

h CWC --

OCW h

B, G, I, J h

UK

75 h ACW h

hv v h Ch h


19/28


12 h fi h

v 31 D 2012.

Allegations of chemical and biological

weapon programmes

A h

w

2012 wh hw

hv h.

M h

S h w

h h w

h v w.

A S Gv

h

h w h

h h w

w h ,

w . A

, I, J, T, h

U K h USA,

h w S

v h w h h h

. Th U N S-

G h D-G h

OPCW h

h h

S h w h

v .

I , w

h h h J ASh 1995 h

T fiv

h Sv w

w h.

Oversight of dual-purpose research in the

life sciences

D 2012 h

h

h h, 2011,

h v flz

. Th w

h h h

h , h h v

flz v w h.

A v W Hh

Oz (WHO)

vw h w w h

h Nh h USA,

v h . Th

Nh

fi h h

h h Dh-

, h h . Th US

N S Av B

B (NSABB) v v

, h h

h h fi h fi

h w

. Bh w h

2012.


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9. CONVENTIONAL ARMS

CONTROL AND MILITARY

CONFIDENCE BUILDING

I 2012 fi- - (CSBM)h ,

v h

w

v

v h

v h w.

A w h v fi

h

w, CSBM v

v v

h v

h,

.

Wh CSBM h h

v

, v h

h v wh v.

A

- h

, q

h 2012 w

.

Humanitarian arms control initiatives

I h h ( whh h hv

h f,

h ), h

w v.

D 2012 h h

h 1981 C Cv

W (CCW) Cv w h

h v

h h -

(MOTAPM). A CCW

MOTAPM h v v,

h vw h

h .

Th CCW Cv P V

v w (ERW)

h v

.

Th h wh

h: h 115 h

CCW Cv h 2012, 81

w P V. Mh

P V A,h M E Sh E A.

T fi h 2008 Cv

C M (CCM) 2012. Th

h, wh h

, h CCM

w h 2012

h h h CCW

Cv

2011.

Small arms control in Africa

Ov h w h

h w

(SALW) A h

. F

hv , h

:

h 2001 P h C

F, A h

par ties to ccw pr ot ocol v on

e x p l o s i v e r e m n a n t s o f w a r

Non-parties to the CCW Convention Parties to the CCW Convention

Parties to the CCW Convention and Protocol V


21/28


M h SADC

R;

h 2004 N P h

Pv, C R

SALW h G L R hH A

h 2006 ECOWAS Cv

SALW, h A Oh

R M;

h 2010 C A Cv

h C SALW, h A,

P C h

h M, R

A (Kh Cv).

D h

SALW A,

, h h E U,

vh h

wh A h

v. Gv h

h

h SALW-

h A U, fi w v w

w

.

Conventional arms control and CSBMs in

Europe

I 2012 h

h v E 2011

. Hwv, h 2012

U, h h h

Oz S C-

E (OSCE) 2013,

h h v

w v w h

v .

A h OSCE M C

D 2012,

h H+40,

h jv whh v

h

h 2010 A

Cv D vh v

E h w

w . Th h

2015

h h H F A.

CSBMs in Asia and the Americas

A wh fi

,

v fl h

, v

. Nvh, hh

v A v CSBM

h , h

CSBM A.

U A, h

A hv h hv

q . Th j h

h w h v

CSBM h h

v. F , h

h U Sh A

N (U N S-

, UNASUR)

2011

w CSBM.


22/28


10. DUAL-USE AND ARMS TRADE

CONTROLS

Gv w h

flw v h h v

-

vv

, ,

-h fi v.

Th q f

h

w. S, h, v

h

h h.

Negotiations on an arms trade

treaty

Th J 2012 U N

(ATT)

wh .

Sv , R

h U S, UN h

.

Tw v

h ATT 2012:

fi hw

h h

h w

v ; fi h j

.

Th fi h ATT

Mh 2013, wh UN

v fi h hv

h h hh

h

v .

Arms embargoes, financial sanctions and

other restrictive measures

D 2012, 13 UN ,

19 E U (EU) ,

1 L A S w . N w w

2012. Th UN S

C

S.

A v h v

hv v

, h w,

h v.

Th

m u l t i l a t e r a l a r m s

emb a r goes in for ce, 2012

United Nations (13 embargoes)

Al-Qaeda and associated individuals and

entities Democratic Republic of the Congo

(NGF) Cte dIvoire Eritrea Iran Iraq

(NGF) North Korea Lebanon (NGF)

Liberia (NGF) Libya (NGF) Somalia

Sudan (Darfur) Taliban

European Union (19 embargoes)

Implementations of UN embargoes (9):

Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and associated

individuals and entities Democratic

Republic of the Congo (NGF) Cte dIvoire

Eritrea Iraq (NGF) Lebanon (NGF)

Liberia (NGF) Libya (NGF) Somalia

(NGF)

Adaptations of UN embargoes (3): Iran North Korea Sudan

Embargoes with no UN counterpart (7):

Belarus China Guinea Myanmar

South Sudan Syria Zimbabwe

ECOWAS (1 embargo)

Guinea

Arab League (1 embargo)

Syria

NGF = non-governmental forces.


23/28


, fi

v. R

h

.

F , , h z

, h fi

q

v h

, h

v v

. E v

flh h

v.

I 2012 w

h h h

h fi

hw fi

-. I , w

w

h h

I.

Export control regimes

F , -

h A G, h

M Th C R, h

N S G h

W A E

C Cv A D-

G Thw wh

h fi fi h

.O - hh 2012

vv f h

v j

, ,

-h,

h,

fi. Ahh

h z

, v

h

f.

Export control developments in the

European Union

D 2012 h vw h EU

C P fi

v

h q j

v EU-w

h , ,

-h . Hwv, EU

w

v -

.

Th - j

w wh

h

, wh

h w q vv h

E P. Th P

f h v EU

-

v h v h

h w h v h A

S 2011 2012. Th P

h w h -

h EU.


24/28


ANNEXES

Arms control and disarmament

agreements in force, 1 January 2013

1925 P h Ph hU W Ah,

P Oh G,

B Mh W

(1925 Gv P)

1948 Cv h Pv

Ph h C G

(G Cv)

1949 Gv Cv (IV) Rv

h P Cv P

T W; 1977 P I

II R h P

V I

N-I A Cfl

1959 A T

1963 T B N W

T h Ah, O

S U W (P T-

B T, PTBT)

1967 T P Gv hAv S h E

U O S, I h

M Oh C B

(O S T)

1967 T h Ph N

W L A h

C (T T)

1968 T h N-

N W (N-PT, NPT)

1971 T h Ph h

E N W

h W M

D h S h

O F h S

h (S T)

1972 Cv h Ph h

Dv, P

S B

(B) T W

h D (B

T W Cv, BTWC)

1974 T h L

U N W T(Thh T-B T, TTBT)

1976 T U N

E P P

(P N E T,

PNET)

1977 Cv h Ph

M A Oh H U

Ev Mfi

Thq (E Cv)

1980 Cv h Ph

P N M

1981 Cv Ph

R h U C

Cv W whh

D Ev Ij

hv I Ef

(CCW Cv, Ih

W Cv)

1985 Sh Pfi N F ZT (T R)

1987 T h E

I-R Sh-

R M (INF T)

1990 T Cv A

F E (CFE T)

1992 T O S

1993 Cv h Ph h

Dv, P, S- U Ch W

h D (Ch

W Cv, CWC)

1995 T h Sh A N

W-F Z (T

B)

1996 A N-W-F Z

T (T P)

1996 A S-R A

C (F A)


25/28

annexes 23

1997 I-A Cv Ah I M

T F,

A, Ev, Oh

R M (CIFTA)

1997 Cv h Ph h

U, S, P

T A-P M

h D (APM

Cv)

1999 I-A Cv

T Cv

W Aq

2006 ECOWAS Cv S A,

Lh W, h A Oh R M

2006 T N-W-F

Z C A (T

S)

2008 Cv C M

2010 T M h Fh

R L S

Ofv A (Nw START)

2011 V D 2011

Cfi- S-B

M

Agreements not yet in force, 1 January

2013

1996 Chv N-T-B

T (CTBT)

1999 A A h CFE

T

2010 C A Cv hC S A Lh

W, Th A A

P C Th C B

U Th M, R

A (Kh Cv)

Security cooperation bodies

N h 2012 M

hOz S C-

E (OSCE) G-B

h A U (AU).

M w h N

S G h W

A, B j h

Z C. N j h

h h

A G h M

Th C R.

chr onology 2012, selecte d

e v e n t s

1 J. Th A E Oz

I h I h

.10 F. S Sh S

- .

22 M. M P A T

T vhw .

12 A. A h

v v G-

B.

1 M Ah h USA

h

h h 2014.22 J A Th F-4 h

w S .

2 J Th 2012 UN C h

A T T .

2 A. Kfi A h UNA

L J S Ev S,

Lh Bh.

11 S. J h h h

3 h S (D)

I h Sh Ch S.

10 O. A S

A A.

29 Nv. Th UN G A

P -

h UN.

12 D. Nh K h

Uh 3 .


26/28


SIPRI DATA PORTAL

Th SIPRI

,

,

h

,

whh w h h w, w v v

, h SIPRI D P.

Th h h , , j. SIPRI h

z h h f SIPRI ,

v w .

Th SIPRI D P w h h

SIPRI .

SIPRI Military Expenditure Database

Gv h 172 1988, w

: , ; US

, h ; h GDP.

SIPRI Arms Transfers Database

Shw v j v 1950,

h hv v .

SIPRI Arms Industry Database

C fi h -

h w

SIPRI Multilateral Peace Operations Database

Of UN -UN 2000,

, , , , , .

A h SIPRI D P: www.sipri.org/databases

S h v h w v R J.


27/28

HOW TO ORDER SIPRI YEARBOOK 2013

SIPRI Yearbook 2013: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security

Published in print and online by Oxford University Press

ISBN 978-0-19-967843-3, hardback, xxii+574 pp., 100/$185

More information is available atwww.sipriyearbook.org

TRANSLATIONS

SIPRI Yearbook 2013 will be translated into

Arabic by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies (CAUS), Beirut

www.caus.org.lb

Chinese by the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association (CACDA), Beijing

www.cacda.org.cn

Russian by the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO),

Moscow

www.imemo.ru

Ukrainian by the Razumkov Centre (Ukrainian Centre for Economic and PoliticalStudies, UCEPS), Kyiv

www.razumkov.org.ua

These translations are funded by the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection

and Sport. Contact the publishing organizations for further details.

1

Signalistgatan 9

SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden

Telephone: +46 8 655 97 00

Fax: +46 8 655 97 33

Email: [email protected]: www.sipri.org


28/28

STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL

PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Armaments, Disarmament and International Security

SIPRI YEARBOOK 2013

The SIPRI Yearbook is a compendium o data and analysis in the areas o

/,#.3()(#.-

#.,3-*(#(!(,''(.-)(*,),.#)(,'-)(.,)&(#-,''(.

This booklet summarizes the 44th edition o the SIPRI Yearbook, which includes

coverage o developments during 2012 in

Armed conflict1#."-./#-)()(#.#(."1%).",*,#(!(.",!#&

peace in East and South East Asia

)*,.#)(-()(#.'(!'(. , including accounts o new operations in

Syria, the Sahel and Guinea-Bissau

#.,32*(#./, , looking at the US budget debate and security spending in thecontext o violent crime in Central America

,'-*,)/.#)(('#.,3-,0#- , with the SIPRI Top 100 and a eature on

cybersecurity

(.,(.#)(&,'-.,(-,- , highlighting the changing patterns o supply and demand

and with a study on arms supplies to Syria

),&(/&,),-, including stocks and production o fissile materials

/&,,'-)(.,)&(()(*,),.#)(, examining NATOs non-strategic nuclear

weapons and eforts to combat nuclear terrorism

/#(!-/,#.3.",.-,)'"'#&(#)&)!#&'.,#&- , highlighting the

oversight o dual-purpose research in the lie sciences

)(0(.#)(&,'-)(.,)&('#.,3)((/#(!, with studies on small arms

control in Arica, and confidence- and security-building measures in Asia and the

Americas

/&/-(,'-.,)(.,)&-, with accounts o the arms trade treaty negotiations,

sanctions and developments in multilateral export control regimes

as well as extensive annexes on arms control and disarmament agreements, international

security cooperation bodies, and events during 2012.

sipri yearbook 2013 summary

Documents