Single Displacement ReactionsSingle Displacement Reactions

Septic Tank HumorSeptic Tank Humor

Single Displacement Reactions:Single Displacement Reactions:At the conclusion of our time together, At the conclusion of our time together,

you should be able to:you should be able to:

1.1. Identify a basic single displacement Identify a basic single displacement reactionreaction

2.2. Use the reactivity series table to determine Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take placeif the reaction will take place

3.3. Balance a single displacement reactionBalance a single displacement reaction

Why Did Pilgrims' Pants Always Fall Why Did Pilgrims' Pants Always Fall Down?Down?

Because They Wore Their Because They Wore Their Belt Buckles On Their Hats.Belt Buckles On Their Hats.

Single Replacement ReactionsSingle Replacement Reactions

• Single Replacement Reactions occur when one Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound.element replaces another in a compound.

• A metal can replace a metal (+) A metal can replace a metal (+) OROR a halogen can replace a halogen (-). a halogen can replace a halogen (-).

• element + compoundelement + compound element + element + compound compound A + BC A + BC AC + B AC + B (if A is a metal)(if A is a metal) ORORA + BC A + BC BA + C BA + C (if A is a (if A is a halogen ) )

(remember the cation always goes first!)(remember the cation always goes first!)

Single Replacement ReactionsSingle Replacement Reactions

• For these reactions, you must remember:For these reactions, you must remember:

When HWhen H22O splits into ions, it splits O splits into ions, it splits into Hinto H++ and OH and OH-- (not H (not H22 and O and O22!!)!!)

A single replacement reaction will only occur if A single replacement reaction will only occur if the replacement ion has a higher activity the replacement ion has a higher activity than the original ion in the compoundthan the original ion in the compound

To determine this, refer to a relative activity To determine this, refer to a relative activity tabletable

Relative ActivitiesRelative ActivitiesMetalsMetals Decreasing Activity Decreasing Activity HalogensHalogens

Lithium, LiLithium, Li Fluorine, FFluorine, F

Potassium, KPotassium, K Chlorine, Chlorine, ClCl

Calcium, CaCalcium, Ca Bromine, BrBromine, Br

Sodium, NaSodium, Na Iodine, IIodine, I

Magnesium, MgMagnesium, Mg

Aluminum, AlAluminum, Al

Zinc, ZnZinc, Zn Hydrogen, HHydrogen, H

Chromium, CrChromium, Cr Copper, CuCopper, Cu

Iron, FeIron, Fe Mercury, HgMercury, Hg

Nickel, NiNickel, Ni Silver, AgSilver, Ag

Tin, SnTin, Sn Platinum, PtPlatinum, Pt

Lead, PbLead, Pb Gold, Au Gold, Au

Single Replacement ReactionsSingle Replacement Reactions

• (note: Li is higher relative activity than H):(note: Li is higher relative activity than H):

A Displacement Reaction:metallic copper with silver nitrate

                                                                                           

Cu + Ag NO3Cu + Ag NO3

Ag + Cu(NO3)2Ag + Cu(NO3)2

Note: Cu is higher relative activity

Dad?? My nose is stuck again!!!

Try This…#1Try This…#1

• Predict the products and balance the Predict the products and balance the following reactions:following reactions:

• Aluminum reacts with aqueous iron (III) Aluminum reacts with aqueous iron (III) oxideoxide

• Al + FeAl + Fe22OO33

• Aluminum is higher relative activity so…Aluminum is higher relative activity so…• Al + FeAl + Fe22OO3 3

• Fe + AlFe + Al22OO3 3

2

2

Single Replacement Reactions #9Single Replacement Reactions #9

• Write and balance the following Write and balance the following single replacement reaction single replacement reaction equation:equation:

• Zinc metal reacts with aqueous Zinc metal reacts with aqueous magnesium chloridemagnesium chloride

ZnZn(s) (s) + MgCl+ MgCl22aq)aq)

No GoNo Go

Note: Zinc will not replace the Note: Zinc will not replace the magnesium ion in the reaction magnesium ion in the reaction because it does not have a because it does not have a higher relative activityhigher relative activity

Single Replacement DemonstrationSingle Replacement Demonstration

• Aluminum metal reacts with Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate aqueous copper (II) nitrate

AlAl(s)(s)+ Cu(NO+ Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq)

Al(NOAl(NO33))3(aq)3(aq) + Cu + Cu

22 AlAl(s)(s)+ 3 Cu(NO+ 3 Cu(NO33))2(aq)2(aq)

2 Al(NO2 Al(NO33))3(aq)3(aq) + 3 + 3 CuCu

Interesting Signs:Interesting Signs:

Single Displacement:Single Displacement:Let’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1.1. Identify a basic single Identify a basic single displacement reactiondisplacement reaction

2.2. Use the reactivity series table to Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will determine if the reaction will take placetake place

3.3. Balance a single displacement Balance a single displacement reactionreaction

Try This…#5Try This…#5

• Predict the products and Predict the products and balance the following balance the following reactions:reactions:

• Silver reacts with aqueous Silver reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfatecopper (II) sulfate

• Silver is lower relative activity Silver is lower relative activity so… Ag + CuSOso… Ag + CuSO4 4

No GoNo Go

Familiar SayingFamiliar Saying

It is fruitless to become lachrymost because of scattered lacteal fluid.

Don’t cry over spilled milk??

Try This…#10Try This…#10

• Predict the products and balance the Predict the products and balance the following reactions:following reactions:

• Sodium reacts with aqueous calcium Sodium reacts with aqueous calcium sulfatesulfate

• Na + CaSONa + CaSO44

• Sodium is lower relative activity so…Sodium is lower relative activity so…• Na + CaSONa + CaSO44

• No GoNo Go

I don’t feel so stupid now…I don’t feel so stupid now…

Single Displacement:Single Displacement:Let’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1.1. Identify a basic single Identify a basic single displacement reactiondisplacement reaction

2.2. Use the reactivity series table to Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will determine if the reaction will take placetake place

3.3. Balance a single displacement Balance a single displacement reactionreaction

Try These Last Two: #7Try These Last Two: #7

• Chromium reacts with nickel Chromium reacts with nickel iodide:iodide:

CrCr(s) (s) + NiI+ NiI2(g) 2(g)

NiNi(s) (s) + + CrICrI2(g)2(g)

Note that Note that chromium replaces nickel in chromium replaces nickel in the the compoundcompound

Try These Last Two: #8Try These Last Two: #8

• Potassium metal reacts with Potassium metal reacts with aqueous magnesium sulfateaqueous magnesium sulfate

KK(s)(s)+ MgSO+ MgSO44(aq)(aq)

KK22SOSO44(aq)(aq) + Cu + Cu

Potassium metal is higher that Potassium metal is higher that Mg on the reactivity series!!Mg on the reactivity series!!

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