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Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Materials Science and Engineering Dr. Gary Pickrell Dr. Bill Reynolds Dr. Yong Xu Dr. Carlos Suchicital August 27, 2012 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Photonic Crystal, Sapphire, Sensor, Modeling

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Page 1: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers

Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger

Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy In

Materials Science and Engineering

Dr. Gary Pickrell Dr. Bill Reynolds

Dr. Yong Xu

Dr. Carlos Suchicital

August 27, 2012 Blacksburg, VA

Keywords: Photonic Crystal, Sapphire, Sensor, Modeling

Page 2: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Harris, Kayleigh (ELS-OXF) ✆ [email protected]

Aug 10

to me

Dear Mr. Neal Pfeiffenberger,

We hereby grant you permission to reprint the material detailed below at no charge in your thesis, in print and on the Virginia Tech University web site subject to the following conditions:

1. If any part of the material to be used (for example, figures) has appeared in our publication

with credit or acknowledgement to another source, permission must also be sought from that source. If such permission is not obtained then that material may not be included in your publication/copies.

2. Suitable acknowledgment to the source must be made, either as a footnote or in a reference list at the end of your publication, as follows:

“This article was published in Publication title, Vol number, Author(s), Title of article, Page Nos, Copyright Elsevier (or appropriate Society name) (Year).”

3. Your thesis may be submitted to your institution in either print or electronic form.

4. Reproduction of this material is confined to the purpose for which permission is hereby given.

5. This permission is granted for non-exclusive world English rights only. For other

languages please reapply separately for each one required. Permission excludes use in an electronic form. Should you have a specific electronic project in mind please reapply for permission.

6. This includes permission for UMI to supply single copies, on demand, of the complete thesis. Should your thesis be published commercially, please reapply for permission.

Yours sincerely, Kayleigh Harris

______________________________________________________________________

Kayleigh Harris :: Rights Associate :: Global Rights :: ELSEVIER

Page 3: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

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To: Rights and Permissions (ELS) Subject: Obtain Permission

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and is related to Obtain Permission form:

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Request From:

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Page 4: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Virginia Tech University

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Email Address: [email protected]

Type Of Publication:

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Book Details:

Title: Specialty optical fibers handbook

ISBN:

Authors(s): J. R. Pedrazzani

Year: 2007

Pages From : 651

Pages To: 670

Chapter Number:

Title of Chapter:Sapphire Optical Fibers

Page 5: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Journal Details:

Title:

ISSN:

Volume:

Issue:

Year:

Pages From:

Pages To:

Author:

Article Title:

Type Of Content:

Figures(s)

Quantity of material:

Quantity of Material Figures: 3

Quantity of Material Excerpts: no excerpts used just the figures

Are you the author: Yes

Page 6: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Author at institute: Yes

Format of the requested material be used: Print_Electronic

Will you be translating the material? No

Languages to which the material is going to be translated :

Information about your proposed use: thesis

Reuse in a book/textbook :

Reuse in a journal/magazine :

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Reuse in a thesis/dissertation: Following your letter of October 22 and our conversation at the CNI meeting the

following week, I have now discussed your project within Elsevier Science. We are

happy now to endorse the principles of the project to facilitate access to theses and

dissertations.

We understand there is concern about two different aspects of the relationship

between the proposed electronic access to ETDs and policies of formal publication

and copyright.

o First, will we consider the electronic distribution of a thesis or dissertation to be

prior publication and decline to consider either (sections of) the dissertation itself

or other papers derived from the same project for publication within our

Page 7: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

journals? The answer to that is â€ÃÂ

ƒÃ‚ƒÃ‚‚œno†. We believe that distribution as a

dissertation is sufficiently different from publication in a refereed journal to not

be of concern. We also wish to encourage graduate students to submit their

articles for publication.

o Second, will we give permission to include within the ETD archives ES

copyrighted articles that have already been published in Elsevier Science journals

and are a part of a thesis or dissertation? Yes, we are happy to support the work

of new research scientists in this way. The only conditions are that there cannot

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ELSEVIER

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There is one additional condition that goes with these agreements. We want to be

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Page 8: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

who has access to the ETD archives, please let me know. Ideally, we would want to

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We want to be supportive of the educational process for scientists and access to the

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Publisher

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Journal of Applied Physics

Article Title

Room�?�temperature optical absorption in undoped α�?�Al2O3

Author

M. E. Innocenzi, R. T. Swimm, M. Bass, R. H. French, et al.

Page 12: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Online Publication Date

Jun 15, 1990

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67

Issue number

12

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Thesis/Dissertation

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Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers

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Page 13: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

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Page 15: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Title: Room�?�temperature optical absorption in undoped

α�?�Al2O3

Author: M. E. Innocenzi, R. T.

Swimm, M. Bass, R. H. French, et al.

Publication: Journal of Applied Physics

Volume/Issue 67/12

Publisher: American Institute of Physics

Date: Jun 15, 1990

Page Count: 5

Copyright © 1990, American Institute of Physics

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Publisher American Institute of Physics

Publication Journal of Applied Physics

Article Title Room�?�temperature optical absorption in undoped

α�?�Al2O3

Author M. E. Innocenzi, R. T. Swimm, M. Bass, R. H. French, et al.

Online Publication Date Jun 15, 1990

Volume number 67

Issue number 12

Type of Use Thesis/Dissertation

Requestor type Student

Format Print and electronic

Portion Figure/Table

Number of figures/tables 1

Title of your thesis /

dissertation Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers

Page 16: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

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Page 17: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

neal pfeiffenberger ✆ [email protected]

Aug 9

to copyright

8/9/2012

To whom it may concern : I am completing a doctoral dissertation at Virgnia Tech University entitled"Single Crystal

Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers." I am describing the background of single crystal sapphire. My contact information is as follows:

Neal Pfeiffenberger 117A Hearthstone Drive Blacksburg VA 24060

PhD candidate at MSE dept Virginia Tech.under Dr. Gary Pickrell.

I would like your permission to reprint in my dissertation images from the following:

R. Nubling and J. Harrington, "Optical properties of single-crystal sapphire fibers," Appl. Opt. 36, 5934-5940 (1997).

The images to be reproduced are:

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of laser-heated pedestal growth illustrating

the small molten zone produced in an approximate 3:1

source-rod-to-fiber diameter reduction.

and

Fig. 4. Bulk attenuation in sapphire. Open boxes, data taken

from Innocenzi

et al.30

The requested permission extends to any future revisions and editions of my

dissertation, including non-exclusive world rights in all languages, and to the

Page 18: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

prospective publication of my dissertation by UMI Company. These rights will in no way restrict republication of the material in any other form by you or by others

authorized by you. Your signing of this letter will also confirm that you own the copyright to the above-described material.

If these arrangements meet with your approval, please sign this email where indicated below. Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Neal T Pfeiffenberger

PERMISSION GRANTED FOR THE USE REQUESTED ABOVE:

pubscopyright ✆

Aug 10

to me

Dear Neal,

Thank you for contacting The Optical Society.

OSA considers your requested use of its copyrighted material to be Fair Use under United States

Copyright Law. It is requested that a complete citation of the original material be included in any

publication.

For your second request, please be sure to cite the source cited in the caption as well.

Let me know if you have any questions.

Page 19: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Best wishes,

Hannah

Hannah Bembia

August 10, 2012

Authorized Agent, The Optical Society

From: neal pfeiffenberger [mailto:[email protected]]

Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2012 9:58 PM To: pubscopyright

Subject: permissions for an image fie

neal pfeiffenberger ✆ [email protected]

Aug 11

to pubscopyright

Hi Hannah,

I would also like your permission to reprint in my dissertation image from the following:

C. Ma, B. Dong, J. Gong, and A. Wang, "Decoding the spectra of low-finesse extrinsic optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers," Opt. Express 19, 23727-23742 (2011).

The images to be reproduced are:

Fig. 1 EFPI sensor schematics and spectrum. (a) EFPI sensor with air-gap cavity. (b) EFPI

sensor with wafer cavity. (c) a typical sensor spectrum.

Page 20: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

pubscopyright ✆

Aug 13

to me

Dear Neal,

Thank you for your additional request.

OSA considers your requested use of its copyrighted material to be Fair Use under United States

Copyright Law. It is requested that a complete citation of the original material be included in any

publication.

Let me know if you have any questions.

Best wishes,

Hannah

Hannah Bembia

August 13, 2012

Authorized Agent, The Optical Society

From: neal pfeiffenberger [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Saturday, August 11, 2012 10:57 PM

To: pubscopyright Subject: Re: permissions for an image fie

Page 21: Single Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal … Crystal Sapphire Photonic Crystal Fibers Neal Thomas Pfeiffenberger Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic

Draft 09/01/2009 (Questions? Concerns? Contact Gail McMillan, Director of the Digital Library and Archives at Virginia

Tech's

University Libraries: [email protected])

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Virginia Tech ETD Fair Use Analysis Results This is not a replacement for professional legal advice but an effort to assist you in making a sound decision. Name: neal pfeiffenberger

Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 2-3 Yizheng Zhu, “Miniature Fiber-Optic Sensors

for High-Temperature Harsh Environments,” Virginia Tech Dissertation (2007)

Report generated on: 08-28-2012 at : 18:16:01

Based on the information you provided: Factor 1

Your consideration of the purpose and character of your use of the copyright work weighs: in favor of fair use Factor 2 Your consideration of the nature of the copyrighted work you used weighs: in favor of fair use Factor 3

Your consideration of the amount and substantiality of your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use Factor 4 Your consideration of the effect or potential effect on the market after your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in favor of fair use Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted

work weighs:

in favor of fair use VT Fair Use Analysis Results http://etd.vt.edu/fairuse/analyzer/results.php

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VT Fair Use Analysis Results http://etd.vt.edu/fairuse/analyzer/results.php

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