singhania university, pacheri badi, jhunjhunu, …
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SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY, PACHERI BADI, JHUNJHUNU, RAJASTHAN.
B.Sc. Aircraft Maintenance Science
SEMESTER:I
PAPER I WORKSHOP PRACTICES: (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Safety Precautions-Aircraft and Workshop
Workshop location, arrangement of tools, Aspects of safe working practices including
precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals.
Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with
one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents, firs, types of fires,
solid, liquid, electrical, metal, extinguisher for each type of fire.
UNIT-II
Tools
Common hand tool types; Hammer, screw driver, plier, punches, wrenches, files, taps and dies
Common power tool types; -Lubrication equipment and methods. -Operation, function and use of
electrical general test Equipment. - Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials; -
Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship; Calibration of tools and
equipment, calibration standards.
UNIT-III
Precision Instruments:
Construction, operation and use of precision instruments: - Micrometers of various types -
internal micrometer external micrometer, depth micrometer, tube micrometer; - purpose usage
and calibration and error correction: - Vernier calipers - purpose, usage and calibration, - Vernier
bevel protractor, Dial gauge, optical flat, slip gauge -usages. Combination sets, Calipers, inside
caliper, outside caliper, dial test indicator, screw pitch gauge.
UNIT-IV
Fits and Clearances
Definition of clearance, tolerance, allowance. Limit and bow. Types of drills, bolts and their
construction. Drill sizes for bolt holes. Classes of fits, common system of fits and clearances.
Loose fit, free fit, medium fit, close fit. Class I A and class I B threads, class 2 A and class 2 B
threads, class 3 A and class 3 B threads. Checking the thread size, ring thread gauge, plug thread
guage, go and not go gauge. Fits and allowance, interference, transition, clearance, standard
methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts. Fits and clearance for aircraft engine,
limit, bow twist and wear.
UNIT-V
Engineering Drawing
Introduction to engineering drawings and Drawing instruments, purpose and function of aircraft
drawings, care and use of drawings, types of detail drawing, assembly drawing, installation
drawing, sectional view drawings, full section, half section,, revolved section, removed section,
title blocks, ,methods of illustration. Drawing types
Projections: first angle projection, third angle projection. Diagrams, orthographic projection,
Isometric drawing, Lines, types of lines. Dotted lines, projection line.
Reading of the drawing
ATA-100 specifications
Wiring diagrams, Block diagrams, Schematic diagrams, micro film, drawing symbols.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Shop Theory by James Anderson Earl E. Tata McGraw Hill, 6th edition
2. Airframe & Power plant Mechanics (General Handbook EA-AC 65-9A) –
by Federal Aviation Administration; Shroff publishers, Edition 2012
3. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures (CAP 459-Part I, Basic) by CAA UK, Sterling book
House Mumbai Edition 2006.
4. Machine Drawing by Bhatt 40th edition, 2005, Charotar publishing house..
PRACTICALS:
1. Cutting and filing of metals
2. Demonstration of Vernier caliper and Practice of Vernier caliper Reading.
3. Demonstration of micro meter and Practice of micro meter Reading.
4. Making job as per dimensions
5. Internal thread cutting using taps
6. External thread cutting using dies
7. Demonstration and use of dial test indicator
8. Drilling Holes using power drill on various metals
9. Reaming of holes in mild steal.
PAPER-I I BASIC AERODYNAMICS (THEORY)
UNIT-I Aerodynamics
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). Invisibility of the atmosphere, density of the air,
pressure of the atmosphere, temperature changes in the atmosphere. Application ISA to
aerodynamics. Air flow around a body viz-a-viz laminar and turbulent flow, Boundary layer,
pressure flow, relative airflow, up wash and down wash, vertices, stagnation points. The
aerodynamic terms such as, aerofoil, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile drag, induced drag,
centre of pressure, Bernoulli’s principle and subsonic flow.
UNIT-II Physics of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere and its composition, Static pressure, temperature changes, adiabatic lapse rate,
Density, Humidity and their effect on flight. Effects of temperature and pressure on density
decrease of pressure and density with altitude winds and up and down current. Air speed and
ground speed – Air speed measurement and Air Speed indicators and corrections – Newton’s
laws of motion.
Unit-III Theory of Flight
Explanation of Bernoulli’s principle using venturi tube and venturi principle. Experimental work
using wind tunnel to study the flow of fluid (air) past the body, air resistance and shape of an
object. Four forces acting on an aircraft, Lift, coefficient of lift, Drag and the factor affecting
them. Flight controls such as ailerons, elevators, rudder and trim tabs and their operations and
effects on flight.
Unit-IV Flight Stability and Dynamics
Description of stability and types of stability – static stability – dynamic stability – Longitudinal
stability and factors governing it, Lateral stability and the factors governing it, Directional
stability and the factors governing it. The structure contributing to the stabilities such as
horizontal stabilizer, Vertical fin, sweep back wing, dihedral wing and anhedral wing – variable
incidence stabilizer – Tail plane trim system – All moving tail plane.
UNIT-V Aerodynamic Performance
Aerofoil Contamination including ice, snow and frost formation – level flight performance – load
factor description, types influence of load factor – ultimate load factors – limit load factor –
factor of safety – flight envelope – aerodynamic heating – stall and its remedial measures –
structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary structures and structural limitations –
Brief description of structural repair manual.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Aircraft Basic science by Kroes & Rardon, 7th edition, Glenco Mcmillan/McGraw-Hill
2. Mechanics of Flight by A C Kermode, 11th edition, revised by RH Barnard and DR
Philpoth, Pearson education.
3. Aviation Maintenance technician hand book, Airframe Vol-I, Shroff Publishers and
Distributors Pvt Ltd, 2012 edition, Indian reprint 2013.
SEMESTER:II
PAPER III ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS- I (THEORY)
Generation of Electricity
Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds;
Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators - Static electricity and
distribution of electrostatic charges; Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion; -Units of
charge, Coulomb's Law; Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum. -The
following terms, their units and factor affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force,
voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow. -
Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical
action, magnetism and motion.
Unit-II
DC sources of electricity
Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells. Secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel
cadmium cells, other alkaline cells; Cells connected in series and parallel; - internal resistance
and its effect on a battery; construction of battery and chemical action, materials and operation of
thermocouples; -Operation of photo-cells.
DC Circuits: Ohms Law, Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws; calculations using the above
laws to find resistance, voltage and current; significance of the internal resistance of a supply.
Unit-III
Resistance/ Resistor
Resistance and affecting factors; specific resistance; Resistor color code, Values and tolerance,
preferred values, wattage ratings; Fixed and variable resistors, Resistors in series and parallel; -
Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel combination;
Construction, Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats;
Unit-IV
Operation of Wheatstone bridge
Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance; fixed resistors, stability, tolerance
and limitations, methods of construction of potentiometers and rheostats; Construction of
Wheatstone Bridge;
Power, Work and energy (kinetic and potential); -Dissipation of power by a resistor, Power
formula; -Calculations involving power, work and energy.
Unit-V
Capacitance/ Capacitor
Operation and function of a capacitor; Factor affecting capacitance area of plates: distance
between plates, number of plates, dielectric and -dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage
rating; Capacitor types, construction and function; -Capacitor colour coding; Calculation of
capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits; -Exponential charge and discharge of
capacitor, time constant; -Testing of capacitor.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics by Thomas Eismin, Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Aircraft mechanics Hand Book –Airframe by FAA(9A), Himalayan Book Co
Electrical Technology- by B.L.Theraja revised by SG Tarnekar, 2005, S.Chand & Company
Aircraft Electrical System-by E.H.J.Pallett, 3rd Edition, Himalayan Book Co.
PRACTICALS
1. Identification of conductors, semiconductors& insulators
2. Measurement of resistance & impedance
3. Primary and secondary cell construction
4. Connecting the cells in series & parallel
5. Identification of the resistors with color coding
6. Demonstration of Rheostats, potentiometer & Wheatstone bridge
7. Battery charging methods.
PAPER IV AIR LAW& AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS –I (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Aircraft manual (India)
Aircraft Act 1934: various sections and subsections
Aircraft Rules 1937: various Rules and sub-rules related to Airworthiness
Aircraft Rules 1994: demolition of obstructions by buildings etc
Carriage of dangerous goods rules 2003
Aircraft security rules 2011
Aircraft investigation of accidents and incidents Rules 2012
UNIT-II
CAR Section II Series B, C, D & E
Series B: Minimum equipment list
Series C: Defect monitoring (reporting, recording, analyzing, rectifying) on aircraft
Series D: Maintenance of fuel and oil consumption records
Series E- Approval of organizations: Training and Fuel organizations
Training manual and procedure manual.
Facilities requirements for training organisations
UNIT-III
Approval of Maintenance Organizations
CAR M Subpart F Approval requirements
CAR 145- Approval requirements
Issuance of aircraft certificate of release
Personnel requirements
Certifying staff and support staff
Certification of maintenance
Occurrence reporting
Safety and quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system
Maintenance Organization exposition
Privileges of CAR 145 organizations
Privileges of CAR M subpart F organizations
Limitations of CAR 145 organizations
Limitations of CAR M subpart F organizations
Level 1 and level 2 findings of CAR 145 organizations
Level 1 and level 2 findings of CAR M subpart F organizations
Various CA forms related to CAR 145 and CAR M subpart F organizations
UNIT- IV
CAR M
Requirements for Continuing Airworthiness Management Organizations
Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition
Changes to approved Continuing Airworthiness Management Organizations
Continued validity of approval
Transfer of aircraft registration within India
Privileges of Continuing Airworthiness Management Organizations
Maintenance standards of components
Airworthiness Review certification
Certificate of Release to Service
Various CA forms related to CAR M
UNIT- V
Airworthiness (Series F)
Aircraft registration procedure and requirements
Certificate of Airworthiness issuance and related requirements
Requirements for rebuilding of aircraft
Special flight permit requirements
Airworthiness requirements for micro light aircraft and wooden aircraft
Airworthiness requirements for gliders and hot air balloons
Requirements for importing used/ aged aircraft
CA forms 23, 25 and 28
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Civil Aviation Requirements (Section 2-Airworthiness) -by DGCA (Updated & Latest Edition)
www.dgca.nic.in
Aircraft Manual by DGCA (Updated & Latest Edition)
SEMESTER:III
PAPER V: AIRCRAFT MATERIALS AND HARDWARE (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Aircraft Materials — Ferrous
Aircraft metals, properties of metal ferrous metals, characteristics, properties and identification
of steel and steel alloy used in aircraft. Heat treatment of steel, internal structure of steel, iron,
carbon. Equilibrium diagram, critical points of steel, Hardening, tempering, annealing,
Normalizing, case hardening, Carburizing, Nit riding, Cyaniding and selective hardening.
Testing of Ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength, creep test and impact
resistance
UNIT-II
Aircraft Materials — Non-Ferrous
Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft,
nickel alloys, copper and its alloys, Aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys, titanium
and its alloys, heat treatment and application of non-ferrous material testing of non-ferrous
material for hardness tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.
UNIT-III
Aircraft Materials — Composite and Non-Metallic
Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric. Characteristics, properties, and
identification of common composite and nonmetallic materials – plastics – rubber. Composite
structure, fiber forms, types of fiber, core material, sealant and bonding agents. The detection of
defect in composite and plastics – rubber.
UNIT-IV
Corrosion
Types of corrosion, forms of corrosion, factors affecting corrosion, corrosion prone areas,
material types, susceptibility to corrosion, corrosion protection for steel, aluminum and
magnesium. Locking devices and aircraft rivets, Tab and spring washers, locking plates, locking
pins, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins, types of solid and blind
rivets specification and identification, heat treatment.
UNIT-V
Fasteners
Screw threads, Screw nomenclature; Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard
threads used in aircraft; measuring screw threads;
Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards;
Nuts: self-locking, metal insert, fiber insert, non-self-locking, castle nut, castellated nut, plain nut
and check nut.
Screws: Structural screw, Machine screw, self-taping screw and drive screw.
Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal of broken studs.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Airframe & Power plant Mechanics (General Handbook EA-AC 65-9A) ByFAA 2008
Edition, Shroff Publication.
2. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures (CAP 459-Part I, Basic)by CAA UK 2006 edition,
Sterling Book house.
3. Aircraft Materials & Processes by Titterton 2012 Edition, Sterling book house
4. Advanced Composites (EA-358) by Cindy Foreman, 2002 edition
Shop Theory by James Anderson Earl E. Tatro. 1975 edition, TATA McGraw – Hill.
PRACTICALS
1. Testing of ferrous metals for hardness by Brinell method.
2. Identification of various threads bolts and screws.
3. Use of torque wrenches and locking devices
4. Safety wire locks procedure.
5. Identification of aircraft rivets and riveting practices.
6. Identification of composite structure, Honey comb structure, Laminate structure.
7. Inspection of composite structure and identification of defects.
PAPER VII: ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTALS (THEORY)
UNIT-I Transistors & its Application
1. Transistor – Naming the transistor terminals
2. Same facts about the transistor
3. Transistor action with their types (NPN & PNP)
4. Transistor symbols
5. Transistor as an amplifier
6. Transistor connections: common base connection and its characteristics, common emitter
connections and its characteristics, common collector connection and its characteristics.
7. Comparison of transistor connections
8. Commonly used transistor connection
9. Transistor testing
Application of transistor – Class A, Class B and Class C amplifier.
UNIT- II Integrated Circuits
Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits.
Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier.
Application of operational amplifier as
1. Integrator
2. Differentiator
3. Voltage follower
4. Comparator
Concept of feedback
Types of feedback
Advantages and disadvantages of types of feedbac.
.UNIT- III Printed Circuit Boards
1. Description of printed circuit board
2. Construction of printed circuit board
3. Uses of printed circuit board
4. Advantages of printed circuit board
5. Drawback of printed circuit board
6. Description of surface mount technology
7. Uses of surface mount technology
8. Advantages of surface mount technology
9. Drawback of surface mounts technology.
UNIT – IV Servomechanisms
a. Understanding of the terms : open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up,
analogue transducers, their types, damping, their types, null type, dead band, dead zone,
dead time elements.
b. Principle of operation and use of synchro system components/features, resolvers,
differential, control and torque transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters and
synchronous transmitters.
c. Defects in servo mechanism – reversal of synchro leads, hunting.
UNIT-V Numbering Systems
Numbering systems: binary, octal decimal and hexadecimal
Conversions :
1. Decimal to binary
2. Decimal to octal
3. Decimal to hexadecimal
4. Binary to decimal
5. Octal to decimal
6. Hexadecimal to decimal
7. Octal to binary
8. Binary to octal
9. Hexadecimal to binary
10. Binary to hexadecimal
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Basic Electronics by Benard Grob published by TATA McGraw-Hill, 8th edition, 2000
2. Principles of Electronics by VK Mehta, Hohit Mehta, published by S Chand, 10th edition,
2007.
3. Basic synchro & servomechanism by United States Navy, New York 2002 Sterling book
house.
4. Digital principles & applications, Leach Malvino – Published by TATA McGraw-Hill 6th
edition.2003
PRACTICALS
1. Analysis of characteristics of transistors in common base, common collector & common
emitter configuration.
2. Analysis of characteristics of transistor as CLASS A Amplifier.
3. Analysis of characteristics of transistor as CLASS B Amplifier.
4. Output verification of operational amplifier as Inverting amplifier.
5. Output verification of operational amplifier as Non-Inverting amplifier.
6. Output verification of operational amplifier as Integrator.
7. Output verification of operational amplifier as Differentiator.
8. Output verification of Operational amplifier as Comparator
PAPER VIII AIR LAW&AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS – II (THEORY)
UNIT-I
CAR Section II Series H
Aviation fuel at airports: storage, sampling and quality control
Aircraft fuelling procedure
Precautions while fuelling on aircraft
Static electricity and fire hazards during fuelling
Calibration of fuel quantity gauges
Usable and unusable fuel
Fuel sampling procedure
Servicing and maintenance of aircraft while fuelling
Maintenance of fuelling vehicles.
UNIT-II
CAR Section II Series I
Aircraft instruments storage and maintenance
Aircraft instruments overhaul and periodical inspections
Flight Data recorder requirements on aircraft
Requirements of Cockpit Voice recorder on aircraft
Combination recorder requirements on the latest aircraft
Ground proximity warning system requirements on aircraft
Requirements of Airborne collision Avoidance System
UNIT-III
CAR Section I1 Series L / CAR 66
Rule 61 of aircraft rule 1937
Various categories of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer’s License
Qualifications and experience requirements for license issuance
Examination procedures for the AME license
Renewal procedure of AME license
Duplicate AME license issue procedure
Procedure of issuance of Authorization for certification of aircraft
Procedure of issuance of Approval for base maintenance of aircraft
Procedure of issuance of Certificate of Competency for welding on aircraft
Procedure of issuance of Certificate of Competency for Non Destructive Testing
Validation of Foreign AME’s License
UNIT- IV
CAR Section II Series M, R, S, T
Mandatory Modification/ Inspection
Requirements of aircraft radio equipment
Procedure of installation of communication, navigation and radar equipment
Maintenance of communication, navigation and radar equipment
Installation procedure of Mode S transponders on aircraft
Control of electro magnetic interference on aircraft
Approval of Global Positioning System
Storage of rubber parts and safety precautions
Occasions and procedure of flight testing of aircraft
UNIT- V
CAR Section II Series X
Weighment of aircraft and preparation of weight schedule
Carriage of medical supplies in aircraft
Documents to be carried on board an aircraft
Use of furnishing materials in aircraft
Maintenance and upkeep of aircraft log books
Procedure for issuance of taxy permit
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Civil Aviation Requirements (Section 2-Airworthiness) -by DGCA (Updated & Latest Edition)
www.dgca.nic.in
Aircraft Manual by DGCA (Updated & Latest Edition)
PAPER IX: MAINTENANCE PRACTICES -1 (THEORY)
UNIT- I Welding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding
Types of welding, gas welding, electric arc welding, electric resistance welding, welding gases,
welding equipment’s, torches, pressure regulators, welding hose, welding eye wear, different
flames, welding joints – brazing – tools – methods. Inspection of welded and brazed joints.
Soldering purpose – tools, applications and types, Bonding – bonding methods.
UNIT – II Rivets
Aircraft rivets, solid shank rivet, rivet lay out – rivet length- rivet stem – rivet spacing – pitch,
transverse pitch, edge distance – rivet installation tools – rivet cutter, bucking bar, counter
sinking tools, dimpling dies, pneumatic rivet gun, micro shovers – riveting procedure – counter
shank rivets – counter sinking tools – dimpling – coin dimpling , radius dimpling – removal
rivets, replacing rivets, special purpose fasteners. Blind rivets – high shear rivets, mechanical
friction, lock rivet, mechanical lock rivet, lock bolt rivet – procedure of inspection of riveted
joints.
UNIT- III -Pipes and Hoses
Introduction – rigid fluid lines – tubing materials – material identification – sizes – fabrication of
metal tube lines – cutting, tube bending, tube flaring, tube beading – fluid line identification –
fluid line end fittings – AN flared fittings – flared legs fittings – rigid tubing installation and
inspection – flexible fluid lines – low medium, high pressure hoses – hose identification –
inspection – hose testing – size designation – hose fittings – hose clamp – installation of flexible
hose assemblies.
UNIT- IV Bearings
Introduction to bearings – types of bearings – ball bearing, roller bearing – cleaning and
inspection of bearings – maintenance of bearings – different loads acting on bearings – types of
lubrication – oil, grease – lubrication requirement of bearing – types of oil lubrication system,
selection of lubrication oil, pressure point, viscosity, viscosity index – defects or failures in
bearings brinelling, false brinelling contamination, electric short, thrust failures, lubrication
failures.
UNIT- V-
(a) Transmission elements
Gears – types, applications backlash – belt pulley types, material application – chain and
sprocket applications, care and maintenance – reversible and non-reversible screw jacks,
applications – push pull rod applications, lever devices – applications.
(b)Control Cables
Cables – formation of cables – materials – usage of control cables – end fittings in cables –
swaging of end fittings – tools, usage, and application.
Procedure for swaging – testing of control cables – inspection of control cables- Bowden cables,
tele flex cables.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Aircraft mechanics Hand Book –Airframe Volume 1 &2 by FAA, 2013 edition
2. AC 43.13-1B -Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices, Shroff publications
3. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedures (CAP 459-Part I, Basic)by CAA UK, 2006 edition,
Sterling book house
SEMESTER:IV
PAPER X : ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS-II (THEORY)
UNIT- I
DC Generator /Motor
Basic motor and generator theory;
Construction and purpose of components in DC generator;
Operation, factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators;
Speed and direction of rotation of DC motors;
Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors and their characteristics
Starter Generator and its constructional features.
UNIT- II
AC Theory
Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;
Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of
these values, in relation to voltage, current and power.
Triangular/Square waves
Single/3 phase principles
UNIT- III
Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits
Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R
Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits;
Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;
True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.
UNIT- IV
Transformers & Filters
Transformer construction principles and operation;
Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;
Transformer action under load and no-load
Current, voltage transformers and auto transformers.
Operation, application and uses of the following filters:
Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop
UNIT- V
AC Generators & Motors
AC Generators: Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;
Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators;
Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;
Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses;
Permanent Magnet Generators
AC motors: Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and
induction motors both single and polyphase;
Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics – Thomas Eismin, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Electrical Technology- by B. L.Theraja revised by SG Tarnekar, 2005 edition, S Chand &
Company Ltd.
Aircraft Electrical System- by E. H .J . Pallett, 3rd Edition, Himalayan Book House.
PRACTICALS:
1. Verification of Line/phase voltage, current & frequency
2. Measurement of Triangular/Square wave pattern using CRO.
3. Construction of Rectifier using double or four diodes.
4. Dismantling and assembling of AC& DC Generators
5. Dismantling and assembling of AC& DC Motor
6. Practice Measurement of LCR Value.
7. Testing of transformers in load & no-load conditions
PAPER XI: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES & ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (THEORY)
.
UNIT-I Logic circuits and Data buses
(i) Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits.
1. AND gate
2. OR gate
3. NOT gate
4. NAND gate
5. NOR gate
6. Exclusive OR gate
7. Exclusive NOR gate
(ii) Application of Logic gates in aircraft system, schematic diagrams
(iii) Interpretation of Logic diagrams
(iv) Operation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge of ARNIC and other
specifications.
(a) ARNIC 429
(b) ARNIC 629
UNIT-II Data Conversion
(i) Introduction – Analogue data, digital data
(ii) Operation and application of analogue to digital and digital to analogue converters
(iii) Types of digital to analog converters
1. Binary weighted type
2. R-2R ladder network
(iv) Types of analogue to digital converters
1. 2 bit simultaneous method
2. Counter method
3. Successive approximation method
4. Single slope method
5. Dual slope method
(v) Advantages and limitations of the types.
UNIT- III Operation of a microprocessor
(i) Introduction to Microprocessor
(ii) Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements – control and
processing unit – Clock and Register
(iii) Functions performed and over all operation of microprocessor.
Integrated circuit – Operation and use of encoders and decoders.
Multiplexing – Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and
demultiplexers.
UNIT- IV Basic Computer Structure
(i) Computer terminology
(a) Bit
(b) Byte
(c) Software
(d) Hardware
(e) CPU
(f) IC
(g) Memory devices such as RAM, ROM and PROM
(ii) Computer technology as applied in aircraft system.
(iii) Operation, layout and interface of major components in a micro computer including
their associated bus systems.
(iv) Memory associated terms and operation of typical memory devices.
(v) Advantages and disadvantages of data storage systems.
UNIT- V Electronic Displays & Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including
(a) Cathode Ray Tubes
(b) Light Emitting Diodes
(c) Liquid Crystal Display.
Electrostatic sensitive devices
(a) Airworthiness risk
(b) Possible damage component
(c) Personal anti-static protection devices
(d) Personal damage component
Electromagnetic environment
(a) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
(b) Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
(c) High intensity Radiated Field Lightning/Lightning Protection.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Digital Principle and applications by Leach Mavino Pub by TATA McGraw Hill – 6th
edition , 2003.
2. Aircraft Integrated instruments System by E.H.J.Pallett 1996 Edition, English book
stores.
3. Microprocessor architecture programming and its applications with 8085. Ramesh
Gaonkar, 5th Edition. Penram International Publishing Pvt Ltd.
4. Digital computer Electronics b Malvino, TATA McGraw Hill – 3rd edition -1993.
PRACTICALS
1. Wiring of Digital to Analog converter
2. Output verification of Logic gates
3. Operation of a Microprocessor.
4. Output verification of Octal to Binary Encoder.
5. Output verification of BCD to Decimal Decoder.
6. Output verification of BCD to 7 segment display.
7. Output verification of 8:1 Multiplexer.
8. Output verification of 1:4 De-multiplexers.
PAPER XII : HUMAN FACTORS (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Introduction to Human factors
Definition of Human factors
Need to take human factors into account
Murphy’s Law and its application in aviation industry
Various factors affecting the performance of individuals in the workplace.
Error chain theory
SHEL model study
UNIT-II
Human Performance and Limitations
Importance of Vision and Hearing
Information processing and limitations
Claustrophobia affecting the performance
Less performance due to limited physical access on aircraft and fear of height
Fitness and health of workers and supervisors affecting performance
Stress and time pressure
Medication and drug abuse
UNIT-III
Social Psychology
Social environment and its impact on performance
Individual responsibility versus group responsibility
Motivation versus de-motivation
Peer pressure and its influence on the performance
Cultural issues affecting the performance
Team working and management for better performance
Supervision and leadership for performance enhancing
UNIT- IV
Physical Environment
Noise, Fumes and illumination affecting performance
Climate and temperature affecting performance
Effects of motion and vibration on performance
Working environment and organizational culture
Problems with repetitive tasks
Problems with visual inspections
Difficulties with complex systems
UNIT- V
Communication
Definition of communication
Barriers of communication
Importance of communication in aviation
Communication within and between teams
Importance of work logging and recording
Keeping up to date and current information
Dissemination of information ant its importance
REFERENCE BOOKS:
CAP-715 Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Human Factors by UK CAA, latest edition
Chapter 14 of EA-AC 65-9A Airframe & power plant Mechanics, latest edition
PAPER XIII: MAINTENANCE PRACTICES-II (THEORY)
UNIT-I – Materials Handling
Introduction to materials handling – sheet metal forming process – forming operations and terms
– stretching, shrinking, bumping, crimping, folding sheet metal – lay out and forming –
terminology marking straight line bends – calculation of bend allowance – relief hole location –
lay out method – open and closed bends – hard forming by bumping, joggling – lighting holes –
forming tools – forming machines – cornice brakes, slip role former, bar folding machine
UNIT-II
Aircraft Weight and Balance
Need and requirements for weighing, weight and balance terminology – datum arm movement
Centre of Gravity/Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents;
Preparation of aircraft for weighing, weight and balance equipment’s, CG range
Aircraft weighing, weight balance extreme conditions, ballast, use of ballast, loading graphs,
H/C weight and balance
UNIT – III
Composite repair
Manufacturing and in service damage – manufacturing defects – in service defects – composite
repairs – layup materials – vacuum bag materials – vacuum equipment. Heat sources – oven auto
clave, heat lamps, and thermocouples – vacuum bagging techniques, pressure application, curing
of composite materials.
Abnormal Events
Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence,
Lightening, HIRF (High intensity radiated frequency), Tyre Burst, and Bird strike
UNIT-IV
Disassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly techniques
Basic principles of sheet metal repair – maintaining original contour – keeping weight minimum
– inspection of damage – types of damage and defects – classification of damage – visual
inspection techniques – boroscope, telescope, magnifying glass – nondestructive testing (NDT)
dye penetrate inspection, magnetic particle inspection, Ultra sonic inspection , eddy current
inspection.
Types of defects, Visual inspection techniques like boroscope, telescope, and magnifying glass.
Nondestructive testing-penetrate, oil & chalk process, Fluorescent inspection, ultrasonic method,
radiography, Magnetic particle inspection, Eddy current inspection, Endoscope inspection,
Troubleshooting techniques.
UNIT- V
Maintenance Procedures
Maintenance planning, modification procedures – major modification – minor modification
Certification, Release procedure, Interface with aircraft operation
Maintenance inspection, Quality control, Quality assurance, stores procedure.
Control of life limited components, Additional maintenance procedure, store location, store
inspection, routine, monthly, snap check and store maintenance.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedure (CAP 459) part-1 edition 2006, Sterling book house.
2. Airframe &Power plant Mechanics (General Handbook EA-AC 65-9A) edition 2008,
Shroff publishers.
3. Aviation Maintenance technician Hand book Airframe Vol I & II . Edition 2013, Shroff
publisher.
SEMESTER:V
PAPER XIV: AVIONICS (THEORY)
Electrical Power
Introduction to Electrical power, Difference between AC and DC Power supply.
Batteries Installation and Operation and maintenance
DC power generation, Batteries, DC generators
Voltage regulation, types of voltage regulation and their advantages
Power distribution, Vital, Essential and non-essential loads
Circuit protection and controlling devices
Inverters and their types, advantages of static invertor, transformers, types of transformer and
their uses.
UNIT-II
Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of Communications Navigation Systems
Sky ware, Space ware, Ground ware.
Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines, transmitters &receivers
Working principles of Very high frequency, High frequency, Emergency locator transmitter,
Cockpit voice recorder, Very high frequency omni range direction, Automatic direction finder,
Instrument Landing system, Distance Measuring Equipment, Selcal, audio integration system,
Global positioning system.
Lights
External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice;
Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
UNIT-III
Instrument Systems
Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator, Mach meter
Gyroscopic: Artificial horizons, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation
indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;
Compasses: direct reading, remote reading, Compass swinging
Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems and their indication.
Flight director system, inertial reference system, air data computers, Inertial Navigation System.
Electronic centralized aircraft monitoring, Engine indication and crew alerting system, Fight
management system, Ground proximity warning system.
UNIT –IV
Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of: Auto Flight
Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles& terminology
Command signal processing, yaw damper, automatic trim control, Manch Trim
Autopilot navigation aids interface
Auto throttle& Automatic landing systems
UNIT –V
Board Maintenance Systems
Introduction to Board Maintenance Systems, salient features of board maintenance
Central maintenance of computers; functions of central maintenance
Data loading system;
Electronic library system, features involved in electronic library system
Printing, uses of printing
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Aircraft Electricity and electronics-by Eismin, 5th edition, McGrew-Hill Book Co
2. Aircraft Instruments-by E.H.J.Pallett , Pearson, 3rd edition
3. Automatic Flight Control-by E.H.J.Pallett, Pearson, 3rd edition
4. Aircraft Instruments-by C.A.Williams, Sterling book house, Indian edition 2007
5. Aircraft Radio System-by J.Powell, Sterling book house, Indian edition 2006
6. Electronic Communication System by George Kennedy, TMH, edition 1999
7. Manual of Avionics -by Brian Kendal Sterling book house, 3rdedition.
8. The aircraft engineers handbook by R.W. Sloley, Sterling book house
9. Avionics volume I by John M Ferrara, 3rd edition Air and Space Co.
10. Aircraft Electrical System, EHJ Pallet, Pearson 3rd edition.
PRACTICALS
1. Measurements of various parameters using Multimeter, (Current, voltage, diode,
transistor continuity)
2. Pitot/Static system testing procedure and precautions (Leak test)
3. Bezel marking of aircraft instruments.
4. Q-Code setting of Altimeter and observation of its indications, (QFE, QNH, QNE.)
5. Charging of lead acid batteries by constant voltage charging and constant current
charging.
6. Installation of battery in aircraft.
7. Replacement of aircraft external and internal lighting installations and their testings.
8. Testing of VHF communication system installed on aircraft.
9. Testing of Navigation systems installed on aircraft.
10. Testing of different types of gyros with the help of gyro test table
11. Compass compensation with the help of compass rose.
12. Testing of armature with the help of armature growler.
13. Installation of generator in aircraft.
14. Inspection, installation and removal of different types of antennas from the aircraft.
15. Insulation and Bonding testing of aircraft cables and structure,
ELECTIVE: I A
PAPER XV : AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE AND SYSTEMS (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Airframe Structures-Concepts &Construction methods
Structural classification- Design concepts – Zonal and station identification systems – forces
acting on aircraft structure (various stresses and aerodynamic loads)- Drains, Ventilation and
system installation provisions –Lightening strike protection and aircraft bonding – Aircraft
structural members in fuselage, wing, and empennage, anti-corrosive protection, Assembly
techniques (rivets, bolts, bonding) – Surface protection, painting and cleaning – Aircraft
symmetry checks – Equipment’s and furnishing – Emergency equipment’s.
UNIT-II
Fuselage and Wings
Description of construction of pressurization sealing, description/layout of seat installation and
cargo loading system. Description/layout of doors and emergency exits, window and windscreen
construction including operating mechanism and safety devices. Description of construction
including fuel storage, Landing gear, Pylon, Control surface and high life/drag attachments on
wings, description of construction and attachment of flight control surface including
aerodynamic balancing. Description of layout and construction of nacelle/pylon, firewall and
engine mounts.
UNIT-III
Air Conditioning & Fuel Systems
Air-conditioning : Air-conditioning and pressurization, air supply source including engine
bleed, Auxiliary power unit, air cycle and vapour cycle machine, distribution system,
pressurization system control and indication including control and safety valves, safety and
warning devices.
Fuel system : System layout including fuel tank supply system, dumping, venting and draining,
cross feed and transfer, indication and warning, refueling and defueling.
UNIT-IV
Landing Gear & Hydraulic Systems
Landing gear system: Description of constructional features of Landing gear and shock
absorber, methods of extension and retraction in normal operation including emergency
extension methods and its indication and warning. Description of constructional features of
aircraft wheel brakes and its types including anti skid system layout, Description of
constructional feature of tyre, tyre marking, defect and damage on tyres and storage precautions.
Requirement and description of steering system on aircraft and its layout and methods.
Hydraulic systems: Description of hydraulic system layout, constructional features of hydraulic
system, accumulators and characteristics of hydraulic fluid. Fundamental and method of
pressure generation by mechanical, electrical and pneumatic source. Description of hydraulic
pressure control and regulatory devices and components involved in power distribution.
Description of hydraulic system indication and warning devices.
UNIT - V
Maintenance of aircraft
Maintenance programme of aircraft – related aircraft manuals, publications, log books, history
cards, preparation of servicing schedules and its use – pre flight, daily and 100 hours inspection
schedules including walk-around inspection. Scheduled inspection and unscheduled inspections,
special inspection of aircraft. Heavy landing checks, flight through turbulence, inspection of
aircraft after tyre burst and damage through jet blast. Component replacement and testing of
system after component replacement. Trouble shooting technique and rectification of defects.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Airframe and Power plant Mechanics(AC 65-1 5A) -2nd edition, reprint 2013
2. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedure (CAP 459) Part II Aircraft, reprint 2006
3. Aircraft Maintenance and Repair (6th Edi) -By Kroes, Watkin and Delp, 1993, 6th
edition.
PRACTICALS
1. Hydraulic system and its components, layout and operation,
2. Constructional features of Landing gear assembly including brake units, wheels and
tyres, nose wheel steering mechanism and its operation.
3. Air conditioning system (air cycle machine), Layout and its operation.
4. Cabin pressurization system components and its layout and operation.
5. Aircraft fuel system components and its lay out.
6. Installation features of aircraft doors, windows and emergency exits.
7. Balancing of flight control purposes.
8. Identification of zonal and station numbers of aircraft.
9. Fuselage construction and their load carrying members, nacelle sections and engine
mount.
10. Wing construction, its attachment and loud carrying members.
11. Structural assembly techniques employed in an aircraft.
12. Aircraft manual publication, log book and servicing schedules.
13. Inspection of aircraft according to servicing schedules. (Preflight and daily inspection).
14. Special inspection of aircraft after heavy landing, lightning strike, flight through
turbulence, tyre burst.
15. Aircraft symmetry check and alignment check.
ELECTIVE: I B
PAPER XVI: AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM(THEORY)
UNIT – I Fundamentals
Types of Power supply, AC Supply advantages & disadvantages, DC Supply Advantages and
Disadvantages, Basic Electrical circuits (Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel). Single phase and
Three phase system, Advantages of Three phase system over single phase system, Control
devices and Switches, Electrical & Electronic symbols, Static Dischargers, Circuit protection
devices and its applications.
UNIT – II – Storage batteries
Types and classification of aircraft batteries, Constructional features of batteries, Various
ailments of Lead Acid Battery, Thermal runway, Advantages of Ni-Cd battery over Lead acid
battery, Electrolyte nature and its preparation, Charging and discharging procedure of Batteries,
Preparation & pre-installation checks of batteries, Installation, operation, inspection and
maintenance of batteries.
UNIT – III – Power Distribution System
Basic requirement of Power distribution system, Busbar and its types, Single wire system and its
advantages, Electrical load analysis, Various types of aircraft loads, Characteristics of aircraft
electrical wire, soldering & crimping, Bonding & shielding, Description and operation of Parallel
and Spilt Bus bar system, Emergency power generation, Inspection and Maintenance of
Electrical Installation.
UNIT – IV – Aircraft Generator and related controls
Basic requirement of aircraft generator, Description and types of aircraft generators,
Construction features of aircraft generators, Voltage regulation in aircraft power system, Types
of voltage regulators (Vibrator type, Carbon pile type, and Solid state type) and their operations,
Reverse Current Circuit breaker construction and its operation, Current limiter and their
application in generator output control circuit, Maintenance and inspection of generators and
their Installation.
UNIT – V – Aircraft Lights and Warning Indications
Introduction to lighting system, Objectives of internal and external lighting, Various types of
internal and external lighting, Purpose and installation of Navigation, Landing, Anti-collision,
Taxying, Instrument, Cabin, ice inspection lamps, Service lighting, Exterior emergency lighting
and Warning lights. Advantages of white lighting in aircraft, emergency lighting, Cargo and
baggage lightings. Inspection and maintenance of lighting circuits in aircraft
REFERENCE
1. Aircraft electrical system by EHJ Pallet. 3rd edition, Himalayan book Co
2. Aircraft Electricity and electronics by Eismin, Fifth edition 1994, McGraw-Hill Book Co,
3. Aircraft Electricity and electronics by Mike Tooley and David Wyatt, Reed Elsevier,
India, Noida, 2007 Edition.
PRACTICALS
1. Wiring and practicing of basic electrical circuits. (series and parallel)
2. Practicing the charging of batteries and its inspection.
3. Inspection of generator in aircraft and its maintenance.
4. Carrying out inspection and maintenance of Electrical installation in aircraft.
5. Inspection and maintenance of various lighting circuits in aircraft.
6. Carrying out bonding test on aircraft installations.
7. Dismantling and assembling of ni-cd battery.
8. Practicing of cable assembly (soldering, crimping, tinning and twisting).
9. Familarisation of Voltage regulators and constructional features by partial dismantling.
10. Measuring of voltage, current and frequency in 3 phase supply.
ELECTIVE II A
PAPER XVII: GAS TURBINE ENGINES (THEORY)
.
UNIT-I
Fundamentals
Introduction to Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle
The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration
Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turbo shaft, turboprop engines
Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution
Resultant thrust, thrust horse power, equivalent shaft horsepower, specific fuel consumption
Engine efficiencies; By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio, propulsive efficiency, and thermal
efficiency
Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow
UNIT-II
Engine construction
Air Inlet Duct: Compressor inlet ducts, Effects of various inlet configurations, Ice protection
Compressors: Axial and centrifugal types; Constructional features and operating principles and
applications; Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge;
Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes,
rotating stator blades, Compressor ratio.
Combustion chamber: types, Constructional features and principles of operation
Turbines: Axial flow and radial flow turbines; impulse and reaction turbines; fundamental
relations and velocity triangles; limiting factors in turbine design; blade materials; blade
attachments and blade cooling.
Exhaust: Constructional features and principles of operation; Convergent, divergent and variable
area nozzles
Bearings & Seals: Constructional features and principles of operation and types
UNIT-III
Engine Systems
Lubrication System operation/lay-out and components.
Engine Fuel Systems lay-out and components
Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems
Electronic engine control (EEC) and Full Authority Digital Electronic Engine Control (FADEC)
Air Systems: Operation of engine air distribution and anti-ice control systems, including internal
cooling, sealing and external air services.
Operation of engine start systems and components;
Ignition systems and components
Engine Indication Systems: Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine Temperature;
Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure, Oil pressure
and temperature; Fuel pressure and flow; Engine speed;
UNIT –IV
Turbo prop and turbo shaft Engines
Turbo-prop, engines: Special constructional features of turbo-prop engines Gas coupled/free
turbine and gear coupled turbines;
Significance and function of propeller in a turbo prop engine
Reduction gears; integrated engine and propeller controls; Over speed safety devices.
Turbo-shaft engines: Arrangements, drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings, control
systems.
UNIT –V
Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation
Procedures for starting and ground run-up including preparation and precautions required.
Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;
Trend monitoring (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope)
Compressor washing/cleaning, Foreign Object Damage.
Preservation of the engine and accessories/systems before storage of engine
De-preservation of the engine and accessories/systems after storage and before re-use of the
engine.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Aircraft Power plant –Kroes &Wild, 7th edition 1994, publisher Macmillan India Ltd. New
Delhi.
Aircraft Gas Turbine Technology by IRWINE TREAGER, 3rd edition 1996, publisher TATA
McGraw-Hill publishing company New Delhi.
Airframe and Power plant Mechanics (12A)-Power Plant Hand Book by FAA, Ist edition 2009.
Himalayan publishing house, New Delhi.
Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedure (CAP 459) Part II By CAA 2006, Sterling book house, New
Delhi.
PRACTICALS
1. Removal of top half of the compressor casing, study of the compressor rotor blades
fitment and refittment the compressor casing.
2. Removal of fuel burner, study of the construction and refittment of the burner.
3. Removal, inspection and fitment of tacho generator.
4. Removal, inspection and fitment of starter generator.
5. Removal, inspection and fitment of fuel pump.
6. Removal, inspection and fitment of fuel system pipe and oil system hose,
7. Removal, and fitment of engine cowling.
8. Removal, inspection and fitment of air bleed valve
9. Removal, inspection and fitment of torch igniter.
10. Fuel contamination check and refueling of the aircraft
11. Compressor wash or compressor cleaning of the gas turbine engine.
12. Engine oil level check and replenishment of oil system of gas turbine engine.
13. Removal, cleaning, inspection and fitment of engine oil filter
14. Removal, cleaning, inspection and fitment of engine fuel filter
15. Blade tip clearance check of turbine blade
16. Inspection of compressor blade, turbine blade, combustion chamber and jet pipe
17. Inspection of aero engine as per inspection schedule ( Pre flight inspection and daily
inspection)
18. Engine ground run and evaluation of engine parameters.
ELECTIVE II B
PAPER XVIII: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM (THEORY)
UNIT – I Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Aircraft Instrument System and its terminology. Atmosphere, International
standard atmosphere, ICAO assumptions, Instrument displays, panels and layouts. Pitot Static
instruments and systems. Instrument elements and mechanisms. Instrument dial markings and
Range markings.
UNIT – II – Air Data Instruments
Barometer and different types of Barometer. Introduction to Air Data instruments viz. Purpose,
principle, construction features and operation of Altimeters and types of Altimeters. Purpose,
Principle, constructional features and operation of Air Speed Indicators, different speed
B.Sc. Aircraft Maintenance Science – 2015-16 onwards – CPP Page 30 of 35
terminology and errors. Purpose, Principle, constructional features and operation of Vertical
speed indicator. Purpose, principle and constructional features and operation of Machmeter.
UNIT – III – Gyroscopic Instruments
Gyroscopic theory – Rigidity and precession. Purpose, principle, constructional features of
Directional Gyro/Direction Indicator and its principle of operation. Purpose, principle,
constructional features of Artificial Horizon/Horizon Gyro/ Gyro Horizon and its principle of
operation. Purpose, principle, constructional features of Turn and Slip Indicator and its operation.
Application of Gyro in different aircraft system.
UNIT – IV – Fuel quantity indication& Temperature indication system
Description of fuel quantity indicating system (Float type and Capacitance type) their
constructional features and principle of operation. Advantages of capacitance type over Float
type and their application. Description of temperature indicating system (Resistance type and
Thermocouple type), their constructional features and principle of operation. Application of
these systems.
UNIT – V Aircraft Compasses
Fundamentals of magnetism and different terminologies related to Earth’s magnetism. Types of
compasses and their advantages and disadvantages. Constructional features of direct reading
compasses, their application and errors. Constructional features of Remote reading compasses,
their application and errors. Description of compass calibration.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Aircraft Instruments by EHJ Pallet, 2nd edition 1981(reprinted in India by Himalayan
Books, New Delhi.
2. Aircraft Instruments and Integrated System by EHJ Pallet.2nd edition 1996 (reprinted in
India by Rose Fine Art, Kurla.
3. Aircraft Instrument systems by Dale Crane, 1st edition 1984 (reprinted in India by
Himalayan books, New Delhi)
4. Aircraft Instruments by C.A Williams 1961. (Indian Edition 2007 published by Sterling
book house and printed by M/s Decora Printers, Mumbai).
PRACTICALS:
1. Leak test on Pitot/Static installation (Moke-up)
2. Range markings on aircraft instruments.
3. Setting of ICAO ‘Q’ codes on Altimeter.
4. Calibration of Altimeter using altimeter test bench.
5. Calibration of ASI using Air speed test bench.
6. Demonstration of gyroscopic theory (rigidity ad precession) using gyro apparatus.
7. Calibration of Direction indicator with the help of Gyro test table.
8. Calibration of Gyro Horizon using Gyro test table.
9. Calibration of Turn and Slip indicator using Gyro test table.
10. Taking bearings of aircraft on different headings using Landing Compass.
11. Demonstration of Pivot Friction and Damping test on Direct reading compass
12. Calibration of Direct reading compass and preparation of compass error card.
13. Setting up of Test bench for the operation of capacitance type fuel quantity indicating
system.
14. Setting up of test bench for the operation of float type fuel quantity indicating system.
15. Setting up of thermometer test bench for the operation of thermocouple temperature
indicating system.
16. Setting up of thermometer test bench for the operation of resistance type temperature
indicating system.
ELECTIVE:IIIA
PAPER XIX: PISTON ENGINES (THEORY)
UNIT-I
Piston Engine Fundamentals
Introduction to Heat Engine, Law of Thermo dynamics, Mechanical, Thermal and Volumetric
efficiencies.
Operating principle of two stroke, Four stroke, Otto and Diesel cycle.
Classification of Reciprocating Engine (Inline, Opposed, V-type, Radial)
Piston displacement, Compression Ratio, Engine firing order, Power calculation and
measurement, Type of fuel – air mixture.
Factors affecting Engine power.
UNIT - II
Piston Engine Design & Construction
Crankcase, Crankcase sections, Crankshaft, Crankshaft Balance, Dynamic damper & Counter
weight, Connecting rod and its type, Master and articulated rod assembly. Plain type connection
rod – fork and blade rod assembly, Knuckle pins, cylinder assembly – cylinder head, cylinder
barrel, cylinder numbering, firing order, valves – intake of exhaust valve, valve operating
mechanism and its component – cam ring, camshaft, tappet assembly, hydraulic valve tappets,
push rods, rocker arm, valve spring, hydraulic valve lifters. Piston – Piston pin, piston ring,
compression ring, oil control ring, oil scrapper ring. Bearings – plain bearing, ball bearing, roller
bearing, propeller reduction gear, spur planetary reduction gear box, bevel planetary reduction
gear box.
UNIT – III
Systems
Engine fuel system (Carburetors – types, construction, principle of operation, Icing and Heating,
Fuel injection systems – Types, Construction, Principle of operation, Layout and its
components).
Engine starting and Ignition system – Type of Starters, Magneto and its types, Construction,
Principle and operation, Ignition Harness, Spark Plugs, Low and High tension system.
Engine Exhaust and cooling system – construction and operation of Induction system, Exhaust
system, Engine cooling system – Air and Liquid.
Lubrication system – Function, Types, System operation, Layout and its component.
Engine indication system – Engine speed indication, Cylinder Head Temperature, Oil pressure
and temperature, Manifold pressure, Fuel quantity indication.
UNIT – IV
Propeller fundamental, Construction and Pitch control.
Blade element theory, High or low blade angle, blade chord line, angel of attack.
Force acting on the propeller – centrifugal, torque, bending, thrust bending, aerodynamic and
centrifugal twisting force.
Blade station, blade face, blade shank blade back, propeller slip, construction method and
material used in wooden and metal propeller.
Types of propeller – Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speed propeller.
Propeller pitch control – Governor and its construction.
Feathering and reverse pitch.
UNIT – V
Inspection, Maintenance, Engine monitoring and ground run up.
A detail knowledge of repair, reconditioning, adjustment, inspection before, during and after the
repair/reconditioning of component.
Procedure for starting and ground run up, interpretation of engine power out put and parameter,
inspection of engine and its component.
Top overhaul of Aero Engine.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
Aviation Maintenance Technician hand book power plant (vol 1 & 2), 2012 edition, Shroff
publisher and distributor Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
A/P Technician hand book Power plant -by Jeppesen 2009 edition, Jeppesen pub, USA
Aircraft Propeller and Controls-by Frank Delp, Jeppesen Sanderson Pub USA.
A/C Power plant –Kroes& wild, 7th edition, McGrew-Hill, Singapore.
PRACTICALS:
1. Demonstration of sequence of operation of two stroke and four stroke engines.
2. Familarisation of engine crank case, crank shaft, cam shaft, engine sumps and accessory
gear box for their construction and functions.
3. Familarisation of cylinder and piston assemblies, connecting rods for tthei construction
and operations.
4. Familarisation of valve operating mechanism for its construction and operation reassembly.
5. Familarisation of float type carburetor for its construction and function.
6. Familarisation of magneto for its construction and operation.
7. Familarisation of engine exhaust and cooling system for their construction and operation.
8. Identification of propeller blade face, blade chord, blade shank, hub assembly and blade
station.
9. Practice removal of rocker arm bush.
10. Practice dimensional check on piston ring.
11. Practice crankshaft bow check.
12. Demonstration of engine starting and ground run up.
ELECTIVE: III B
PAPER XX: COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS (THEORY)
UNIT – I Fundamentals
Radio waves, terms : wave length and frequency, calculations, various frequency bands, its
frequency range and its application.
Carrier waves, ground waves, sky waves and space waves its properties and characteristics.
Antenna, various types and its dimension
Amplifiers, classification of amplifier, Class A, Class B, and Class C amplifiers, characteristics,
Push pull amplifier and its applications.
UNIT – II – Radio Transmitters and Receivers
Functions of a Radio transmitter, Microphones, types, Block diagram explanation of a Radio
transmitter, Modulation and its types and Antenna, Antenna couplers, Qualities of a good Radio
receiver, Block diagram of a simple radio receiver and super heterodyne receiver.
UNIT – III – Aircraft Communication Systems
Basics of aircraft communication system, types Very High Frequency Communication system,
Description, Principle, Operation of VHF Communication system and its layout on aircraft, High
Frequency communication system, Description, Principle and operation of High Frequency
communication system and its layout on aircraft. Satellite communication system, Description,
Operation and its layout on aircraft.
UNIT – IV – Aircraft Navigation System
Introduction and Description of aircraft Navigational systems, Automatic Direction Finder
system (ADF), Very High Frequency Omni Radio Range(VOR) and Instrument Landing system,
Description and Operation of Marker Beacon system and Radio altimeter system, Distance
measuring equipment system, Description and various segments and operation of Aircraft GPS
system.
UNIT – V – Weather Radar system and DME
Introduction, Description and types of Radar, Primary and Secondary Radar, Weather Radar
Description, Analog radar Principal units of Analog radar system. Aircraft weather radar,
transmitter-receiver, Indicator, Control panel, Antenna, Radome and wave guide. Radome
maintenance and radar safety..
REFERENCE
1. Aircraft Electricity and electronics by Thomas K Eismin(Fifth edition-1994, McGraw-
Hill Book Co)
2. Aircraft Radio system by James Powell, Sterling book house, Mumbai, Indian edition -
2006.
3. Aircraft Communications and Navigation systems – Mike Tooley and David Wyatt, Reed
Elsevier, India, Noida, Edition – 2007)
PRACTICALS:
1. Familiarization of various type of aircraft antennas.
2. Construction of Radio Transmitter-Receiver and its checks.
3. Construction Radio receive and its checks.
4. Practice of amplitude modulation circuits.
5. Practice off amplitude de-modulation circuits.
6. Familarisation of aircraft communication system.
7. Familarisation of aircraft navigation system.
8. Operational checks of aircraft VHF communication system.
9. Familarisation of cockpit voice recorder.
10. Demonstration of Instrument landing system.
PAPER XXI: AEROPLANE MAINTENANCE (THEORY)
UNIT – I Ground operations
Ground handling of aircraft towing bar and towing bridle). Need and various occasions of
aircraft ground handling. Methods of aircraft ground handling – Taxying, Towing, chocking,
jacking, leveling and securing the aircraft. Procedures to be followed for each and the
precautions to be observed before and during the process in each case.
UNIT – II Aircraft Storage Maintenance
Need for storage of an aircraft. Aircraft storage methods – Long term storage and short term
storage. Brief description of each, Maintenance of aircraft during storage periods. Maintenance
procedures and the safety precautions to be followed before/during storage maintenance.
Maintenance of stores and its related procedures.
UNIT – III Fueling & de-icing
Need for fuelling the aircraft – Fuelling equipment’s used and a brief description – Fuelling
methods – Procedures to be followed – Precautions to be observed before and during fuelling
operations – sampling of fuel – Grades of fuel used in aircraft.
UNIT – IV Ground Support equipment and maintenance
Common Ground equipment’s used – Ladders, Fire extinguishers, Jacks, chocks, Brief
descriptions of each, its use and maintenance. Ground support vehicles used – Battery trolley,
Hydraulic servicing trolley, Pneumatic servicing trolley, oxygen trolley, Nitrogen trolley, Air
vehicle, cleaning vehicle, Food supply and cargo vehicle.
UNIT – V Aircraft Maintenance procedures
Trouble shooting techniques. Aircraft maintenance procedures – Routine maintenance- Periodic,
Non-periodic and special inspections on aircraft- servicing schedules followed in each case.
Heavy landing checks, Tyre burst, Flight through turbulence, propeller hit checks, One time
checks o n aircraft.
REFERENCE BOOKS.
1. Airframe and Power plant Mechanics (AC 65-15A) by FAA Edition 2012
2. Civil Aircraft Inspection Procedure (CAP459 Pt I) CAA Edition - 2006
3. Airframe and Power plant Mechanics (General hand bookEA-AC 65-9A) Edition-2008.