Sim

ulat

ion

Tech

nolo

gy fo

rCo

unte

r-ter

roris

m A

pplic

atio

ns

Curti

s Lisl

e, Ph

.D.

Visu

al Sy

stem

s Scie

ntist

SGI P

rofe

ssio

nal S

ervic

es

Outli

ne

Brief

Hist

ory o

f Visu

al Si

mul

atio

nAp

plica

tions

of S

imul

atio

n in

Cou

nter

-Ter

roris

mBa

sic C

ompo

nent

s of a

Sim

ulat

ion

•Di

splay

s/Int

erac

tion

Devic

es•

Stat

ic an

d Dy

nam

ic En

viron

men

t Dat

abas

e Tec

hnol

ogy

Sim

ulat

ion-

assis

ted

Analy

sis fo

r Cou

nter

-Ter

roris

mCo

nclu

sions

Quick

Hist

ory o

f Visu

al Sy

stem

s

Tech

nolo

gy•

Cam

era b

ased

mod

el bo

ards

•St

roke

/Call

igra

phic

rend

erin

g•

Rast

er-b

ased

Pol

ygon

al sy

stem

•At

mos

pher

ics•

Spec

ial E

ffect

s•

Text

ure m

appi

ng•

Geos

pecif

ic Im

ager

yAp

plica

tions

•Mi

litar

y Flig

ht S

imul

atio

n•

Com

mer

cial F

light

Sim

ulat

ion

•He

licop

ter a

nd G

roun

d Ve

hicle

•Ne

twor

ked

synt

hetic

bat

tles a

ndan

alyse

s

Imag

e cou

rtesy

of U

nited

Stat

es A

ir For

ce

Appl

icatio

ns o

f Sim

ulat

ion

in C

ount

er-

Terro

rism

Conc

ept:

Sim

ulat

ed C

omm

and

Cent

erSe

curit

y rev

iew o

f exis

ting

facil

ities

•Re

alist

ic m

odel

of u

rban

envir

onm

ent f

or an

alysis

•Ta

ctica

l Plan

ning

- in

gres

s, es

cape

rout

es

Wha

t-if S

cena

rio T

rain

ing

• Reh

ears

e res

pons

e to

pre-

scrip

ted

disa

ster

scen

ario

s• P

ract

ice co

mm

and

& co

ntro

lde

cisio

n-m

akin

g• P

ract

ice in

form

atio

n flo

w an

d re

view

durin

g an

incid

ent

•Tes

t effe

ctive

ness

of C

omm

and

&Co

ntro

l org

aniza

tion

(NA

SA/S

GI V

irtua

l Air

Traf

fic C

ontro

l Tow

er)

Disp

lay/In

tera

ctio

n De

vices

Reali

ty C

ente

r Pow

erwa

llDA

RT / C

ave D

isplay

Com

man

d Ce

nter

Con

soles

VR d

isplay

s and

pos

ition

ing

devic

es• U

sefu

l for

indi

vidua

l tra

iner

sat

tach

ed to

sim

ulat

ion

High

Inno

vatio

n in

Disp

lays

•Re

tinal

Disp

lays

•Ti

led, h

igh-

res L

CDs a

t 4k x

4k•

TI m

icro-

mirr

or D

LP

Data

base

Dev

elopm

ent P

roce

ssTr

aditi

onal

•Ac

quire

and

prep

are s

ourc

e dat

a•

Crea

te P

olyg

onal

Terra

in S

kin•

Plan

t and

edit

2D C

ultu

ral F

eatu

res

•Ad

d 3D

mod

els fo

r bui

ldin

gs, b

ridge

s, et

c.

Stat

e-of

-the-

Art

•Us

e Geo

grap

hic I

nfor

mat

ion

Syst

em (G

IS) d

ata

•Fe

atur

e Ext

ract

ion

from

Imag

ery

•Us

e Sat

ellite

and

Aeria

l pho

tos f

or re

alist

ic te

rrain

(exa

mpl

e to

right

: Atla

nta b

y Har

ris R

ealS

ite)

Trad

ition

al Da

taflo

w

Sens

or(s

) Imag

es a

cros

s tim

eM

osai

c an

d or

thor

ectif

y

Elev

atio

n ex

tract

ion

Feat

ure

extra

ctio

n

DFA

D

Mod

elin

g To

ol fo

r

Impo

rtatio

n an

d

Reg

istra

tion

Com

pile

for I

Gvi

sual

dat

abas

e

(lots

of t

ime

spen

t her

e!!)

DTE

D

DTE

D

DFA

D

(muc

h da

ta lo

st h

ere)

Itera

tive

Proc

ess

-- e

xpen

sive

each

tim

e!!

Imag

e-ba

sed

Dat

abas

e Pr

oces

s

Sour

ce Im

ages

Mos

aic

and

orth

orec

tify

Aut

omat

icEx

trac

tion

Aut

omat

edPr

oces

sing

Run

-tim

e d

atab

ase

Pro

cess

ed Im

ager

y on

Ony

x2 D

isk

3DD

atab

ase

Feat

ures

Imag

eSo

urce

s

Terra

Sim

Ter

raTo

ols

Acce

pts G

IS, im

ager

y,ele

vatio

n, an

d fe

atur

eda

taAu

tom

ates

the

data

flow

of th

e DBG

Spr

oces

sSc

ript l

angu

age f

orlar

ge d

atab

ases

Para

llel p

roce

ssin

g of

proj

ect g

raph

Cons

train

ed T

INalg

orith

ms

Terra

Sim

- Ph

illy &

Pitt

sbur

ghex

ampl

es

Harri

s Rea

lSite

Geom

etry

is A

uto-

Extra

cted

from

Imag

ery

Build

ing

Side

s tex

ture

sge

nera

ted

from

sate

llite,

aeria

l,or

han

dheld

pho

tos

Mode

ls ca

n be

han

d en

hanc

edas

nee

ded

afte

r aut

o-ex

tract

ion

Inte

ract

ive en

viron

men

tIn

Reali

ty p

rovid

es m

ensu

ratio

nte

sts f

or in

form

atio

n di

scov

ery

from

dat

aset

s

Harri

s InR

ealit

y

Mens

urat

ion

- det

erm

ines

dist

ance

and

line o

f sig

ht fr

oman

y poi

nt o

n th

e dat

abas

e

The R

ole o

f the

Dat

abas

e

The D

atab

ase i

s use

d fo

r bot

h re

nder

ing

and

analy

sisTh

e env

ironm

ent d

atab

ase n

eeds

to su

ppor

t all

calcu

latio

ns, a

nalys

es, a

nd q

uerie

s nec

essa

ry fo

r any

simul

ated

beh

avio

r•

Line

of s

ight

test

s; te

rrain

follo

wing

•tra

ffica

bilit

y and

max

imum

spee

ds fo

r cer

tain

vehi

cles (

logi

stics

calcu

latio

ns an

d•

Smok

e/Haz

Mat c

loud

disp

ersio

n

Next

step

for b

ette

r int

erac

tion

with

dat

aset

s: D

ynam

ic Te

rrain

and

Dyna

mic

Envir

onm

ents

Dyna

mic

Envir

onm

ent T

echn

olog

yDy

nam

ic en

viron

men

t effe

cts

•So

il slu

mpi

ng an

d di

ggin

g•

Wat

er fl

ow an

d Er

osio

n•

Build

ing

Dam

age f

rom

mun

ition

s

Analy

tical

mod

els n

eed

to b

e res

olut

ion

inde

pend

ent

•Si

mul

ator

s con

nect

ed to

geth

er w

ill ha

ve d

iffer

ent p

urpo

ses

(indi

vidua

l on

grou

nd vs

. rec

onna

issan

ce h

elico

pter

)

Effic

ient p

hysic

al m

odels

nee

ded

for r

un-ti

me e

xecu

tion

•Tr

adeo

ff be

twee

n ac

cura

cy an

d sp

eed

Sim

ulat

ion

Tech

niqu

es

Effic

ient s

oil s

lum

ping

mod

el•

Li,X

in, P

hysic

ally-

Base

d Mo

delin

g an

d Di

strib

uted

Com

puta

tion

for S

imul

atio

n of

Dyn

amic

Terra

in in

Virt

ual E

nviro

nmen

ts, P

h.D.

Diss

erta

tion,

Uni

vers

ity o

f Cen

tral F

lorid

a, Or

lando

, May

1993

.•

Li, X

in, a

nd M

oshe

ll, J.

M., “

Mode

ling

Soil:

Rea

ltim

e Dyn

amic

Mode

ls of

Soi

l Slip

page

and

Mani

pulat

ion”

, SIG

GRAP

H’93

,An

aheim

, Cali

forn

ia, Ju

ly 19

93.

Sim

ulat

ion

Tech

niqu

esEf

ficien

t wat

er fl

ow m

odel

•Ch

en, J

im, “

Phys

ically

-Bas

ed M

odeli

ng an

d Re

al-Ti

me S

imul

atio

n of

Flu

ids”

, Ph.

D. D

isser

tatio

n,Un

ivers

ity o

f Cen

tral F

lorid

a, Or

lando

, May

1995

.•

Chen

, Jim

, et a

l., “T

owar

ds In

tera

ctive

-rate

Sim

ulat

ion

of F

luid

s with

Mov

ing

Obst

acles

by N

avier

-Sto

kes

Equa

tions

”, Co

mpu

ter V

ision

, Gra

phics

and

Imag

ePr

oces

sing,

Mar

ch 19

95.

Sim

ulat

ion

Tech

niqu

es

Effic

ient B

uild

ing

Dam

age M

odels

•Or

tiz, R

usse

ll, Li

sle, “

Towa

rds a

n Im

plem

enta

tion

of D

amag

eabl

eBu

ildin

gs”,

I/ITSE

C’96

conf

eren

ce, O

rland

o, F

L.•

2 1/2

dim

ensio

n CS

G (c

ompu

tatio

nal s

olid

geo

met

ry) c

alcul

atio

ns•

Wat

erwa

ys ex

perim

ent s

tatio

n ph

ysica

l mod

el

Two

Majo

r Alg

orith

ms

•Re

al-tim

e CSG

for h

oles

•“Is

par

t stil

l gro

unde

d” o

r sho

uld

it fa

ll?

Sim

ulat

ion

Tech

niqu

esUS

Arm

y Tec

hnol

ogies

•US

A W

ater

ways

Exp

erim

ent S

tatio

n–

High

-fide

lity C

FD m

odels

of b

uild

ing

dam

age

–Ef

ficien

t, em

piric

al m

odels

for d

amag

e acc

ordi

ng to

mat

erial

type

s•

Aber

deen

Pro

ving

Grou

nd–

DICE

(dist

ribut

ed co

mpu

tatio

n of

hig

h-fid

elity

mod

els o

n HP

C sy

stem

s)•

Whi

te S

ands

Miss

ile R

ange

–Sm

oke a

nd p

lum

e spr

eadi

ng m

odels

(e.g

. COM

BIC)

–EO

SAEL

(Elec

tro-O

ptica

l Sys

tem

s Atm

osph

eric

Effe

cts L

ibra

ry)

http

://ww

w.eo

sael.

com

Quali

ty vs

. effi

cienc

y tra

deof

f for

phy

sical

mod

elsSo

ftwar

e arc

hite

ctur

e for

use

in re

al-tim

e sim

ulat

ion

Dual

Mode

ling

Appr

oach

Don’

t try

to p

ut an

alytic

al va

lues

on

apo

lygon

al da

taba

se

Inst

ead,

rege

nera

te th

e ren

derin

g da

tast

ruct

ures

from

the a

nalyt

ical o

nes a

sne

eded

(whe

n st

ate c

hang

esap

prec

iably

enou

gh)

Dead

Rec

koni

ng -

tech

niqu

e for

cont

rolle

d ap

prox

imat

ions

Ana

lytic

al

Mod

el

Ren

dere

d

Mod

el

Com

man

d an

d Co

ntro

l Cen

ter

Sim

ulat

ion

rece

ives s

ituat

ion

info

rmat

ion,

proc

esse

s eve

nts,

uses

phy

sical

mod

els, a

ndca

lculat

es b

ehav

iors

and

envir

onm

ent s

tate

upda

tes R

eal-T

ime

Sim

ulat

ion Ph

ysic

al M

odel

sSi

tuat

iona

lin

telli

genc

ein

form

atio

nEn

viro

nmen

tD

atab

ase

Ren

derin

g

Conc

lusio

ns

Many

opt

ions

for p

roce

ssin

g so

urce

dat

a int

o da

tase

tsfo

r visu

aliza

tion

and

analy

sis in

coun

ter-t

erro

rism

appl

icatio

ns S

ynth

etic

data

base

cont

ent a

nd d

esig

n ar

e crit

ical t

osu

cces

sful

sim

ulat

ions

Train

ing

and

live o

pera

tiona

l mod

es th

e sam

e com

man

dan

d co

ntro

l cen

ter i

s a p

ower

ful c

once

pt•

max

imize

team

train

ing

effe

ctive

ness

•Ma

ximize

cost

and

use o

f phy

sical

and

com

pute

r res

ourc

es

Sim

ulat

ion

is a p

ower

ful t

ool f

or co

unte

r-ter

roris

mef

forts