simulating dynamical features of escape panic

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Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic Dirk Helbing, Illés Farkas, and Tamás Vicsek Alex Turek

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Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic. Dirk Helbing, Illés Farkas, and Tamás Vicsek Alex Turek. Stampedes. People trying to move faster than normal Physical interactions between people Uncoordinated passing of bottlenecks Arching/clogging at exits - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Dirk Helbing, Illés Farkas, and Tamás Vicsek

Alex Turek

Page 2: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Stampedes

• People trying to move faster than normal• Physical interactions between people• Uncoordinated passing of bottlenecks• Arching/clogging at exits• Dangerous pressures within jammed

crowd (up to 4,450 N/m)

Page 3: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Stampedes (cont’d)

• Injured/fallen people turn into obstacles• Tendency of “mass behavior,” i.e. herd

instinct• Alternative exits are overlooked or

underused

Page 4: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Studying Stampedes

• Mostly social psychology (mentality of herd behavior)

• Helbing et al. attempted to model them using self-driven particle systems

• Combine socio-psychological and physical forces

Page 5: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

A Single Particle

Affected by multiple forces:Desired Velocity and associated acceleration

Interaction forces

Page 6: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Desired Velocity ForceHelbing et al. specified these parameters:

vi0 (Desired velocity)

• 0.6 m/s – Relaxed• 1.0 m/s – Normal• 1.5 m/s – Nervous• >1.5 m/s – Panic (transition to uncoordinated

bottleneck behavior)

Page 7: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Interaction Forces

• Psychological desire to have room between you and another person

• Psychological desire to not be too close to the walls

F

F

Page 8: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Interaction Forces

• Body force – counteracting body compression

• Sliding friction force – counteracting movement tangential to something you’re in contact with

F

F F

Page 9: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Measured Effects: Transition to uncoordination due to clogging

Arch-like bunching, with avalanche effect when arches break (demo)

Page 10: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

• Attempting to have too high a vi0

• High interpersonal friction becoming the dominant force at a bottleneck

• Buildup of forces causing extremely high pressures, and injuries (demo)

• Asymmetrical columns can improve outflow and prevent buildup of fatal pressures (demo)

Measured Effects: Faster-is-Slower Effect

Page 11: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

• Jamming can occur at widening of escape routes (demo)

Measured Effects: Faster-is-Slower Effect

Page 12: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

• Individualism vs. Herd behavior• Each pedestrian may either select individual

direction, follow avg. direction of his neighbors in a certain radius, or a mixture of both, weighted by panic parameter pi. (demo)

Measured Effects: Mass Behavior

Desired direction at time t

Page 13: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

• Both have drawbacks:– All individualistic means no one will learn from anyone

else (demo)– All herding means no exploration for other exits

(demo)

Measured Effects: Mass Behavior

Page 14: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Measured DataLeaving time vs. Desired

velocity

Page 15: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Measured DataLeaving time for 80 people, given

different combinations of individualistic and herding behavior

Page 16: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

Questions?

Cited Paper:Helbing, Farkas, Vicsek.

“Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic”. 2000

http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/~lboloni/Teaching/EEL6938_2007/papers/Helbing-EscapePanic.pdf

Presentation by Alex Turek