simpoziumi kutaisuri saubrebi xii. 2009

saqarTveloGeorgia

quTaisuri saubrebi

XII

KUTAISI DISCUSSIONS

simpoziumissamuSao programa da masalebi

Program and Materials of the Symposium

2009

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akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti

Akaki Tsereteli State University

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia

quTaisuri saubrebi

XII

Kutaisi Discussions

International Scientific Conference

simpoziumi eZRvneba saqarTveloSi mociqulTaSemobrZanebasa da qristianobis

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas

Dedicated to the coming of the Holy Apostles to Georgiaand announcing Christianity as the state religion

13-14 noemberi, 2009 weli

13-14 November, 2009

Kutaisi

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simpoziumi tardebasaqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

quTais-gaenaTis eparqiisada

akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetisqarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-

kvleviTi institutis organizebiT

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciissaorganizacio komiteti:

meufe kalistrate /quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoli-ti/, prof. nomadi barTaia, prof. merab beriZe, prof. ekate-rine dadiani, prof. rusudan saRinaZe, prof. manana tabiZe,

prof. tariel futkaraZe /saorganizacio komitetisTavmjdomare/, prof. giga qamuSaZe, prof. daviT SavianiZe/saorganizacio komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile/.

simpoziumis ZiriTadi samuSao enaa qarTuli;samuSao enebia agreTve:

inglisuri, sparsuli, Turquli.

reglamenti: moxsenebisaTvis _ 15 wuTimisalmebisaTvis _ 5 wuTikiTxvisaTvis _ 1 wuTipasuxisaTvis _ 3 wuTimsjelobisaTvis _ 5 wuTi

misamarTi: quTaisi, Tamar mefis # 59

qarTveluri dialeqtologiis instituti

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The symposium is organized by the ApostolicChurch of Georgia, Kutaisi-Gaenati Eparchy

andthe Scientific-research Institute of Kartvelian Dialectology

at the Akaki Tsereteli State University

Organizing Board:

The Most Reverend Kalistrate /Metropolitan of Kutatel-Gaenati/,Prof. Nomadi Bartaia, Prof. Merab Beridze, Prof. Ekaterine Dadiani,

Prof. Rusudan Saginadze, Prof. Manana Tabidze,Prof. Tariel Putkaradze /Chairman of the organizprof. ing board/,

Prof. Giga Kamushadze, Prof. David Shavianidze/Deputy-chairman of the organizing board/.

The chief language of the symposium is Georgian;the other work languages are: English, Persian, and Turkish

Time limit: Reports: 15 minutesQuestions: 1 minutes

Answers: 3 minutesDiscussion: 5 minutes

Address: # 59 Tamar Mepe Str., Kutaisi

Institute of Kartvelian Dialectology

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simpoziumis samuSao gegma:

13 noemberi, paraskevi, 2009 weli, quTaisi

11.30 - 12.30 sT.

konferenciis monawileTa registracia,sastumro

13.00 sT.saerTaSoriso konferenciis gaxsnauniversitetis sakonferencio darbazi

Sesavali sityva:giorgi oniani /akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universite-

tis reqtori/

simpoziumis dalocva:meufe kalistrate (margalitaSvili)

misalmebani:amiran xvadagiani /quTaisis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare/

roland TofCiSvili /ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti/

mojTaba damirCilu /iranis respublikissruluflebiani da sagangebo elCi/

deniz ermiSi /saqarTveloSi TurqeTis saelCos ganaTle-bis mrCevelis warmomadgeneli/

muhamad xalid al-lami /egviptis teqnikuri Tanam-Sromlobis fondi/

guram Ciqovani /aRmosavleTmcodneobis instituti/

nino CixlaZe /quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo un-iversitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetisdekani/

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moxsenebebi:

tariel futkaraZe /akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis institutisdireqtori/ _ I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis sa-mefos dasavleTi nawili lingvokultu-ruli TvalsazrisiT

Teimuraz gvancelaZe /soxumis saxelmwifo universite-tis afxazuri enisa da kulturis institutis di-reqtori/ _ ra enaze laparakobdnen Taname-drove afxazeTis miwaze ax.w. VII saukunemde?

14.00 - 14.30 sT.Sesveneba: Cai, yava

14.30 - 16.30 sT.I sxdoma

universitetis sakonferencio darbazi

Tavmjdomareebi: nomadi barTaia,said muliani

manana tabiZe (Tbilisi. iberiul-kavkasiuri centri) _enobrivi situacia I-VI saukuneebis saqarT-veloSi istoriul-literaturuli wyaroe-bisa da dokumentebis mixedviT

avTandil nikoleiSvili (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis sax-elmwifo universiteti) _ vasil barnovis`armazis msxvreva" IV saukuneSi religiur-saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvisqarTveli xalxis brZolis konteqstSi

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manana kvaWaZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universiteti) _ saganmanaTleblotradiciaTa Sesaxeb Zvel iransa da sa-qarTveloSi

aleqsandre WuluxaZe (Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-siteti) _ iran-saqarTvelos urTierTobebiuZvelesi droidan VI saukunis bolomdeiranulidan nasesxebi leqsikis monacemTasafuZvelze

roland isakaZe (saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis oTar

lorTqifaniZis arqeologiis centri) _ quTaisisadreqristianuli eklesiebi

rusudan saRinaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifouniversiteti) _ palestinis qarTuli warwe-rebi da maTSi moxseniebuli erTi sakuTa-ri saxeli

nomadi barTaia (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo un-iversiteti) _ iranul-qarTuli religiuriurTierTobebidan (I-VI saukuneebi): dasturi

16.30 - 17.00 sT.Sesveneba: Cai, yava

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17.00-19.00 sT.II sxdoma


Tavmjdomareebi: biWiko diasamiZe,revaz Serozia

said muliani (fereidunSahris universitetSi istoriisprofesor-maswavlebeli) _ iran-saqarTvelosurTierToba (I-VI ss.)

qeTevan megreliSvili (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti) _ iranulanTroponimTa damkvidrebisaTvis qarTulSi(saSualo iranuli enobrivi epoqa)

biWiko diasamiZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifouniversiteti) _ saeklesio enis sakiTxiadreSuasaukuneebis egrisSi

alina baRiSvili (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti) _ baRvaSTa da mami-konianTa sagvareulos identurobis sakiT-xisaTvis

nikoloz oTinaSvili (goris saxelmwifo universiteti)_ niqozis saepiskoposos daarseba

fati anTaZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universiteti) _ saSualo sparsuli-dan qarTulSi Semosuli zogierTi nases-xobis adaptaciisaTvis

20.00 sT.

sastumro "Zmebi"

vaxSami

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14 noemberi, SabaTi, 2009 weli, quTaisi10.00 - 11.45 sT.

III sxdomauniversitetis sakonferencio darbazi

Tavmjdomareebi: fati anTaZe,Teimuraz gvancelaZe

revaz Serozia (zugdidis damoukidebeli universite-ti) _ qarTveluri enobrivi sistema arabo-bamdel periodSi

eka dadiani (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)_ qoronimi qarTli juanSeris "cxovreba vax-tang mefisas" mixedviT

Tamar gogolaZe (goris saxelmwifo universiteti) _dialogebis ena qarTul hagiografiulZeglebSi ("SuSanikis wameba", "wamebacxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTa", „"wm. ninos cxo-vreba")

nato gulua (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo un-iversiteti) _ V-VI saukuneebis saqarTveloda levan goTuas `qvis xoxobi"

mixeil labaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo un-iversiteti) _ adreqristianuli eparqiebissakiTxi lazeTSi (Zvel WaneTSi)

neli ugrexeliZe (quTaisi. saxelmwifo istoriuli mu-zeumi) _ saqarTvelos politikuri mdgoma-reoba III-VI saukuneebSi numizmatikurimasalis mixedviT

11.45 - 12.00 sT.: Sesveneba

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12.00 sT. - 14.00 sT.IV sxdoma


Tavmjdomareebi: manana tabiZe,tariel futkaraZe

rozeta gujejiani, soso WanturiSvili (Tbilisi.saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi) _ qarTulitradiciuli yofa da kultura I-VI sau-kuneebSi

tariel ebraliZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwi-fo universiteti) _ samxreT-dasavleT sa-qarTvelo ax. w. I-VI saukuneebSi

merab beriZe (axalcixis saxelmwifo universiteti) _andria mociqulis Semosvla samcxeSi daistoriuli onomastika

Tamar mesxi (Tbilisi. aRmosavleTmcodneobis institu-ti) _ mama~s kulti I-VI ss. adreqristia-nul saqarTveloSi

merab robaqiZe (ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifouniversiteti) _ termin "erTgulebis"’’ eti-mologiisa da ideisaTvis (Zveli qarTulida Zveli somxuri werilobiTi Zeglebismonacemebis mixedviT)

giorgi qavTaraZe (Tbilisi. ivane javaxiSvilis istorii-sa da eTnologiis instituti) _ termin "arian-qarTlis" ganmartebisaTvis

14.15 - 15.00 sT.: Semajamebeli msjeloba15.00 - 18.00 sT.: gamosamSvidobebeli sadili18.00 sT.: stumrebis gacileba

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The work plan of the symposium:

13 November, Friday, 2009 Kutaisi

11.30 – 12.30

Registration of the conference participants, accommodation

13. 00

Opening of the international conference

/Conference Hall of the Akaki Tsereteli State University/

Opening speech:Prof. Giorgi Oniani /rector of the Akaki Tsereteli State Uni-

versity/Blessing of the symposium:The Most Reverend Kalistrate (Margalitashvili)

Greetings and speeches:

Amiran Khvadagiani /Chairman of Kutaisi Assembly(Sakrebulo)/

Mojataba Damirchilu / Ambassador Plenipotentiary and Extraordi-nary of the Iran Republic to Georgia/

Deniz ERMIS /Embassy of the Republic of Turkey Consultancy ofEducation Turkish Lecturer

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Muhamad Halid al-Lami / Technical Collaborations Foundation ofEgypt/

Nino Chikhladze /Dean of the Humanitarian Science Faculty, TSU/

Tariel Putkaradze /director of the Kartvelian Dialectology Instituteof Akaki Tsereteli State University/ - Lingual-cultural aspects of the west part of the KartliKingdom in I-VI centuries

Teimuraz Gvantseladze /director of Abkhazian Language and Cul-ture Institute at the Sokhumi State University/ -What language was spoken at the modern Ab-khazia land until the 7th AD century?

14.00 – 14.30

Break: coffee, tea

14.30 – 16.30

Session I

/Conference Hall of the Akaki Tsereteli State University/Chairmen:

Nomadi Bartaia, Teimuraz Gvantseladze

Manana Tabidze /Tbilisi. Ibero-Caucasian Center/ Language sit-uation in I-VI cc. Georgia according to his-torical and literary sources and documents

Avtandil Nikoleishvili /Akaki Tsereteli State University/ - VasilBarnov’s “Tearing down Armazi” in the con-

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text the fight of the Georgian people for reli-gious and state independence in IV century

Manana Kvachadze /Ivane Javakhishvili State University/ - Onthe early education traditions in Iran and Georgia

Aleksandre Chulukhidze /Tbilisi State University/ - “Relation-ships between Iran and Georgia from the ancienttimes to the 6th c. AD based on the data of theIranian borrowings”

Roland Isakadze / Otar Lortkipanidze Archaeology Centre at theNational Museum of Georgia/ - Early Christianchurches in Kutaisi

Rusudan Saghinadze /Akaki Tsereteli State University/ Georgianinscriptions of Palestine and a proper name men-tioned in them

Nomadi Bartaia /Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University/- FromIran and Georgia religious relationships in the 6thcentury- dasturi (authorization)

16.30 – 17.00

Break: coffee, tea

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17.00 – 19.00Session II

/Conference Hall of the Akaki Tsereteli State University/Chairmen:

Bichiko Diasamidze, Revaz Sherozia

Said Muliani /Professor-teacher at Fereidunshahr University/ – Re-lationships between Iran and Georgia in I-VI centu-ries

Ketevan Megrelishvili /Ivane Javakhishvili State University / - Onthe establishment of Iranian anthroponemes in Geor-gian (Middle Iranian language epoch)

Bichiko Diasamidze /Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University/ Anissue of the church language in the early medievalEgrisi

Alina Baghashvili / Ivane Javakhishvili State University / - On theidentity of the Baghvashs and the Mamikonians fami-lies

Nikoloz Otinashvili /Gori. State University/ - The establishmentof the Nikozi Bishopric

Pati Antadze /Ivane Javakhishvili State University / - On the adap-tation of some middle Persian borrowings in theGeorgian language

20.00

Hotel “dzmebi”Dinner

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14 November, Saturday, 2009, Kutaisi10.00 – 11.45Session III

/Conference Hall of the Akaki Tsereteli State University/Chairpersons:

Pati Antadze, Teimuraz Gvanceladze

Revaz Serozia /Zugdidi Independent University/ - Kartvelian lan-guage system before the Arabian conquests

Ekaterine Dadiani /Akaki Tsereteli State University/ - Choro-nemes: Kartli, Egrisi, Abkhazeti according to Jua-nsheri’s “the life of King Vakhtang”

Tamar Gogoladze /Gori. State University/ - Colloquial languagein the Georgian hagiographic monuments (The Mar-tyrdoms of Shushanik, the Martydoms of Nine Broth-ers of Kola, the Life of St. Nino)

Nato Gulua / Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University/ - VI –VII ccGeorgia and Levan Gotua’s ‘Stone Pheasant’

Mikheil Labadze / Kutaisi. Akaki Tsereteli State University/ - Onthe issue of the early-Christian dioceses in Lazeti(Chaneti)

Nelly Ugrekhelidze /Georgian National Museum/ - Georgia’s po-litical standing in II-IV cc. according to the numis-matic data

11.45 – 12.00 Break

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12.00 - 14.00

Session IV

/Conference Hall of the Akaki Tsereteli State University/

Chairpersons:Manana Tabidze, Tariel Putkaradze

Rozeta Gujejiani, Soso Chanturishvili /National Museum ofGeorgia/ - Georgian customs and traditions and culturein the I-VI cc.

Tariel Ebralidze /Batumi. Shota Rustaveli State University/-South-west Georgia in I-VI cc.

Merab Beridze / Akhaltsikhe State University/ The mission of theHoly Apostle Andria in Samtskhe and historical ono-mastics

Tamar Meskhi /Tbilisi. Institute of the Oriental Studies/ - The cultof Mamai I-VI cc of the early Christian Georgia

Merab Robakidze /Ivane Javakhishvili State University/ On theetymology of the term ertguleba (‘loyalty’) (ac-cording to the data of the early Georgian and ear-ly Armenian written records)

Giorgi Kavtaradze /Ivane Javakhishvili History and Ethnology In-stitute/- On the definition of the term Arian-Kartli

14.15 – 15.00 Summing up discussion

15.00 – 18.00 Farewell dinner

18.00 Seeing off guests

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saerTaSoriso konferenciaze

quTaisuri saubrebi XII

warmodgenil moxsenebaTa

masalebi

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fati anTaZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universiteti)

saSualo sparsulidan qarTulSi SemosulizogierTi nasesxobis adaptaciisaTvis

iranul enobriv samyarosTan mWidro urTierTobammniSvnelovani kvali daamCnia qarTul leqsikas. es urTier-Tobebi gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT saSualo iranul(adreuli Sua saukuneebi) da axal iranul (gviani Sua sau-kuneebi) epoqebSi gamoirCeoda.

Cven vexebiT saSualo sparsuli warmomavlobis nases-xobaTa SeTvisebis sakiTxs qarTulSi. amgvar nasesxobaTaadaptaciis xarisxi sxvadasxvagvaradaa warmodgenili. zogimaTgani leqsikur arqivs Cabarda (magaliTad, `zepuri”, anu`keTilSobili, rCeuli”; `roWiki” _ `dRiuri (sarCo)” dasxv.), zogi ki mkvidrad SeeTvisa qarTul enas (`bevri”, àmxa-nagi”, `niadagi”...).

gansaxilvel nasesxobaTa qarTul enaSi damkvidrebiserT-erT ZiriTad kriteriumad maT sityvawarmoebiT SesaZ-leblobaTa aqtualizacias miviCnevT. saanalizo masalaSi esSesaZleblobebi metwilad nasaxelar zmnaTa warmoqmniTaadadasturebuli (magaliTad, `pasuxi” > ùpasuxa”; àsparezi”> ìaspareza”), aseve warmodgenilia saSualo sparsuli war-momavlobis sityvaTagan cirkumfiqsebiT nawarmoebi erTeu-lebi (`ma-spinZ-el-i”, `sa-novag-e”, `sa-pasux-o” da a.S.)

sazogadod, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis leqsikur aq-tivs SemorCenili saSualo sparsuli warmomavlobis nases-xobebi maRal derivaciul potencials amJRavneben.

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nomadi barTaia (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifouniversiteti)

iranul-qarTuli religiuriurTierTobebidan (I-VI saukuneebi): dasturi

1. cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi qristianobamde gavr-celebuli iyo zoroastruli religia. rogorc ivane javax-iSvili wers: mravali Cveulebaa SemorCenili CvenSi, “ro-melic cecxlTayvanismcemlobis naSTad unda CaiTvalos”(i. javaxiSvili, I, 1979, 324).

iranul-qarTul religiur urTierTobaTa kuTxiTsaintereso Cans termini dasturi, romelic q e g l-Si orimniSvnelobiT aris ganmartebuli: I. Tanxmoba, daTanxmeba...II. xatis msaxuri...

2. Cveni yuradReba miipyro am terminis meore mniSvne-lobam _ xatis msaxuri. rogor SeiZina man es semantikuridatvirTva?

dasturi, identuri formiTa da garkveuli semantiku-ri cvlilebiT, momdinarea sparsuli leqsikuri erTeuli-dan _ دستور (dastur), romlis mniSvnelobebia: I. 1) in-struqcia, miTiTeba; 2) wesi; wesrigi; 3) Tanxmoba; daSveba; II.1) ministri, veziri, mrCeveli; 2) mTavari qurumi zoroas-truli religiisa (Персидско-русский словарь, под редакциейЮ. Рубинчика, Москва, 1983).

3. rogorc vxedavT, qarTul da sparsul leqsikonebSimocemuli am sityvis meore ganmarteba (xatis msaxuri da mTa-vari qurumi zoroastruli religiisa...), rogorc religi-uri Sinaarsis Semcveli, erTmaneTs emTxveva.

4. is-(dastur)دستور avesturi formaa dastva, falau-ri _ dastovar // dastobar. mniSvnelobebia: ganmsjeli,Suakaci; pirveli veziri. dasturTa dasturi ki msgavsiamobedTa mobedisa, romelic umaRlesi safexuria zoroas-trul religiaSi ( بھرامکوششبھداود،پورگزارشدوم،بخشیاسنا،

1337تھران،فرھوشی، )5. zoroastruli termini dasturi iranelTa gamahma-

dianebamde, meSvide saukunemde, sasanur iranTan (III-VII ss.)mWidro urTierTobebis periodSi unda Semosuliyo CvenSi

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da ara _ IX saukunis mere, ra droidanac iRebs saTaves axa-li sparsuli ena. es ki mianiSnebs imaze, rom dastur am for-miT saSualo sparsulSic unda arsebuliyo. mzia androni-kaSvilic uSvebs, rom dasturi, romlis amosavalia saS.sparsuli dastovar “ gamoTqmaSi SesaZloa yofiliyodastur-ic, rogorc es maniqevelur falaurSia” (m. andro-nikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTo-bebidan, Tbilisi, 1966, 310).

am mosazrebas amyarebs is faqtic, rom dasturi amformiT iCens Tavs meeqvse saukunis dasasrulisa da meSvidesaukunis dasawyisis moRvawis ioane mosxis “limonarSi”.

6. marTalia, CvenTvis saintereso termini saSualosparsulSi dastur formiT ar gvxdeba, magram es ar undaniSnavdes imas, rom igi am saxiT ar arsebuliyo saSualosparsulSi. dRemde xom sruli saxiT ar aris SemorCenilidrosa da sivrceSi sakmaod ganfenili saSualo sparsulisleqsika Tavisi dialeqturi mravalferovnebiT.

iqneb sulac qarTul enas Semoenaxos saSualo sparsu-li dastovar // dastobar-is paraleluri forma _ دستور(dastur).

alina baRiSvili (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbili-sis saxelmwifo universiteti)

baRvaSTa da mamikonianTa sagvareulosidenturobis sakiTxisaTvis

baRvaSebs anu orbelebs gansakuTrebuli adgiliuWiravT ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed sxva qveynis isto-riaSic. st. orbelianis cnobiT,“"WineTis samefodan eqso-riaqmnili janbakuris Zeni pirvelad orbeTSi damkvidrdnen,romel ars samSvilde”. orbeli warmodgeba samSvildis cixisZveli saxelidan "orbi”. saxeli “orbi” baRvaSTa sagvareu-los sakralur saxelad Cans. mematianis cnobiT, 876 w. lipa-rit baRvaSma daaarsa kldekaris saerisTavo. orbelTa sag-vareulos siZlieres is Tanamdebobebi gamoxatavda, romel-Tac isini flobdnen. es saxelebi iyo amirspasalaroba, man-daturTuxucesoba, amilaxoroba, qarTlis erisTavoba da

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sxva. baRvaSTa gandevna TrialeTidan bagrat III-is drosdaiwyo. daviT kurapalatisadmi mxardaWera Zviri daujdarati I baRvaSs. man veragulad mosul bagrat III-Tan brZo-las danebeba arCia da es uZlieresi feodali 989 wels da-morCilda mefes. mematianis cnobiT, mefisadmi morCilebisSemdeg rati gadadis "mamulsa Tvissa argveTs". aq ixseniebapirvelad baRvaSTa mamulad. da meored bagrat IV-is mierSepyrobilma da sabolood modrekilma liparit liparitisZem “Caicuna Coxani”, Seavedra Tavisi Ze ivane mefes, mxolodargveTis mamuli darCa ivanes. amasve gvamcnobs kacxis taZriswarwerac, rom argveTi maTi Tavdapirveli budea.

saistorio wyaroebiT baRvaS-orbelTa sagvareuloWanuri warmoSobis mamikonianTa gvaris ganStoebad miiCneva.Zveli somxuri mwerloba gvamcnobs naxarar (erisTavi) mami-konianebis warmoSobis ambavs. am gadmocemiT mamikonianebiWanebi arian. mamikonianebi rom marTlac Wanebi iyvnen, es sav-sebiT sarwmunoa. amas gvaris saxelis fuZis mamikis (ma-ma+kninobiTi sufiqsi) garda daboloeba -on Wanuri afiqsiadasturebs. p. ingoroyvas da s. janaSias mosazrebas amtki-cebs n. adoncis mier mamikonianebis Wanebad miCneva. s. Tuma-novi da n. maric baRvaS-orbelebs erT Wanur sagvareulodTvlis. n. maris mixedviT, orbelebi Wenebi anu Wanebi romarian, amas maTi sagvareulo zedmeti saxeli janbakuri adas-turebs, rac Wanebis ufros, meTaurs an belads niSnavs. me-grul-lazuradac bakuri mefes aRniSnavs. maris mosazrebiT,orbelTa sagvareulo mamikonianTa dacemis Semdeg damk-vidrda WaneTidan qarTlSi, kerZod, gugarqSi. mamikonianTada orbelTa WaneTidan gamoqcevis versiaTa Sesaxeb q. patka-novi askvnis, rom TavianTi samSoblodan (WaneTidan)erTdroulad da erTnair garemoebaSi gamoiqcnen erTniqarTlSi, xolo meoreni somxeTSi da orivem or uZlieressagvareulos daudes saTave. q. patkanovis azriT, orbeTismamikonianebma SeZles gamxdariyvnen orbel-orbelianebi.s. Tumanovis azriT, liparitid-orbelianebi (liparitebSiigi argveTisa da kldekaris erisTavebs gulisxmobs) mamiko-nianTa ganStoebas warmoadgens. somxuri istoriografiacmamikonianTa da orbelTa gvarebs WaneTidan miiCnevs. somxursabWoTa enciklopediaSi daculia cnobebi, romelTa mixed-viT mamikonianTa nawili argveTSi misula. misi centri kac-

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xis cixe iyo da isini baRuaSebad iwodebodnen. taos im na-wils, romelic somxeTTan iyo dakavSirebuli, somxur wya-roebSi mamikonelTa qveyana ewodeba. mamikonelTa gvareu-lobis warmoSobis Sesaxeb cnobebi daculia favstos bizan-tielTan da mose xorenacTan. favstos bizantielis saisto-rio TxzulebaSi manuel mamikoniani Semdegi sityvebiT mi-marTavs somxeTis mefe varazdats (374-377 ww.): “Cven ara-sdros ar vyofilvarT Tqveni msaxurni, Cveni winaprebi iyvnenmefeni WenisTanSi, ZmaTaSoris ganxeTqilebis gamo movediTaq mSvidobis saZebnelad”. gugarqSi orbeTis cixeSi Sefare-buli mamikonianebi, romelnic orbelad iwodnen, qalkedo-nianebi gaxdnen. aqve moviyvanT kapitolinis cnobebs: “anto-ninma lazebs mefed dauniSna bakuri”, es bakuri Cans mTelilaziis mefed. aRniSnulidan naTlad irkveva erTi ram: gan-sacdelis Jams baRvaS-orbelebi da mamikonianebi TavianTZvel budes argveTs ubrundebian. gavixsenoT, rom dakargu-lia “SuSanikis wamebis” Txzulebis pirveli nawili, sadacsaintereso cnobebi iqneboda SuSanikis bavSvobisa da mami-konianTa sagvareulos Sesaxeb daculi. aRsaniSnavia, rombaRvaS-orbelTa da mamikonianTa identurobas dabejiTebiTamtkicebs somxuri sabWoTa enciklopedia da araerTi sais-torio wyaro.

merab beriZe (axalcixis saxelmwifo instituti)

andria mociqulis Semosvla samcxeSida istoriuli onomastika

"qarTlis cxovrebis" CanarT teqstTa Soris aris an-dria mociqulis qadageba saqarTveloSi, romelic vaxtangVI-is swavlul kacTa komisias anu mecnier kacebs ekuTvniT."qarTlis cxovrebis" axal gamocemaSi CanarTi amoRebulia.

andria mociqulis epizodi, rogorc sxva epizodebi,emyareboda saistorio tradicias an garkveul wyaros, ami-tom misi Seswavla mravalmxriv aris saintereso. gza, romel-sac gamoivlis andria, aseTia: trapizonis Semdeg Sevida

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`qveyanasa qarTlisasa, romelsac didaWara ewodebis". aWa-ridan midis guria-imereTis gziT, xolo Semdeg "warmovidada gardmovlo mTa, romelsa ewodebis rkinis-juari". rkinisjvris gza gadioda oZrxis xeobaze da mas dRes zekarisuReltexili ewodeba. es aris umoklesi gza mesxeTsa da im-ereTs Soris. istoriul oZrxis xeobas dReisaTvis ocxisxeoba hqvia. vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT oZrxe aris qa-laqi, xolo mdinares hqvia ocxis wyali.

samcxeSi Semosuli andria modis zadengoras, romel-mac Cvenamde, rogorc sofelma ar moaRwia. zadenis kerpi sa-qarTvelos warmarTul panTeonSi erT-erTi uZvelesi dauZlieresi RvTaebaa. `misi warmoSoba xeTur-mcireaziuliCans... fiqroben, rom misi Tayvaniscema qarTlSi mcire azii-dan mosulma mesxebma daamkvidres".

samcxis toponimiam, rogorc dRevandelma, ise isto-riulma, Semogvinaxa am RvTaebasTan dakavSirebuli geogra-fiuli saxeli. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom andrias gzis mimar-Tuleba swored iqiTkenaa, sadac ZiriTadi kerpebi iyo ma-Sindel saqarTveloSi. zadengoras samcxis zadeni undaewodos mcxeTis zadenisagan gansxvavebiT. zadengora oritoponimis SeerTebis Sedegad miRebuli saxelia. me-16 sau-kuneSi zadeni calkea da gora calke. zadeni, rogorc war-marTuli centri, etyoba, aerTianebda am xeobis soflebs an,SesaZlebelia, arsebobda samive punqti erTdroulad: za-dengora, zadeni da gora, rogorc es gvaqvs xizabavrisSemTxvevaSi.

samcxeSi mxolod zadenis RvTaebas ar scemdnen Tay-vans. andrias mouxda brZola artemisa da apolonis wi-naaRmdeg.

andriam mesxeTSi daamarcxa zadenis, artemidasa daapolonis kerpebi. es ki imas niSnavda, rom mravali (aRmosav-luri da dasavlur-berZnuli) RmerTebis nacvlad mesxebmadaiwyes erTi RmerTis _ qristes rwmena. rac mTavaria, am

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yvelafers exmianeba mesxeTis toponimia. Cvenamde movida ma-Sindeli saxelebi, romlebic aRniSnuli faqtebis mowmea.

imave periodisaa iseTi istoriuli toponimi, rogo-ricaa awyuri (awyveri). andrias daxvda awyuri, rogorcsamTavros centri, dedaqalaqi maSindeli samcxisa. TviT sax-eli ki istoriamdel periodSi gadadis da wylian adgils,wylis adgils niSnavs. aseve uZvelesi toponimi Cans saqrisi,romelic awyuris `pirispir" mdebareobda, mtkvris marcxenanapirze.

uZveles onimTa ricxvs, romelic andrias Semosvlas-Tan aris dakavSirebuli samcxeSi, miekuTvneba andriawmindada anTroponimi samZivari, samcxis mTavris qvrivis saxeli.

Teimuraz gvancelaZe (soxumis saxelmwifo universi-tetis afxazuri enisa da kulturisinstitutis direqtori)

ra enaze laparakobdnen Tanamedrove afxazeTismiwaze ax. w. VII saukunemde?

1. Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoriaze axal wel-TaRricxvamde Sedgenil arc erT werilobiT wyaroSisaerTod ar dasturdeba “afsua”, “afsni”, “afxazi”, “af-xazeTi”, “afSili”, “afSileTi” saxelebi an maTi msgavsi arcerTi satomo, eTnikuri Tu geografiuli saxeli. Sesabami-sad, arsebobs obieqturi safuZveli imis samtkiceblad, romam miwaze amJamindel afxazTa winaprebi ar yofilan av-toqTonebi. am mosazrebas mxars uWers is faqtic, rom afxa-zi xalxi erTaderTi eTnosia afxazur-adiRur, anu Crdilo-dasavlurkavkasiur xalxTa Soris, vinc binadrobs kavkasio-nis qedis gadmoRma, danarCen axlomonaTesave eTnosTagan mo-wyvetiT.

2. specialistTa seriozul davas iwvevs ax. w. I-II sau-kuneebidan Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoriis nawilze mo-saxle abasgTa da afSilTa eTnikuri vinaobisa da maTi same-tyvelo enis raobis sakiTxebi. is mkvlevrebi, vinc abasg-

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afSilebs Tanamedrove afxazTa da abazaTa winaprebad miiC-neven, emyarebian geografiul saxelTa erTi mcire jgufislingvisturad aradamajerebel etimologiebsa da “abasg” _“afSil” fuZeTa fonetikur msgavsebas “abaza” da “afsua”eTnonimebTan, rac ar aris sakmarisi am saxelTa identuro-bis samtkiceblad, miT umetes, rom eTnonimTa mier sxvadasxvaepoqaSi semantikis cvla da erTi eTnosidan meoreze gadata-na uCveulo ar aris msoflio praqtikaSi, iseve rogorczustad erTnairi JReradobis saxelTa gamoyeneba sxvadasxvaeTnosTa aRsaniSnavad. am konteqstSi sayuradReboa is faq-ti, rom adrefeodaluri xanis berZnul wyaroebSi iSviaTiaraa “abasgos” da “abasgia” saxelTa gamoyeneba qarTvelisa dasaqarTvelos (mTlianad, an misi nawilis) aRsaniSnavad, xo-lo amJamindeli afxazeTis teritoriaze mosaxle kolxTa,zanTa, sanTa, misimianTa, svano-kolxTa da sxva tomTa qarT-veloba araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rasac mxars uWers isic, romuZvelesi droidan ax. w. VII saukunemde Sedgenil wyaroebSiwarmodgenili geografiuli saxelebidan arc erTs areZebneba damajerebeli axsna arc afxazur da arc abazurenebze, samagierod mravali geografiuli saxelis qarTve-luri warmomavloba Zneli samtkicebeli ar aris.

magaliTad, ar aris damajerebeli afxazur an abazursaxelebad Semdeg toponimTa da hidronimTa gamocxadeba:akamfsisi//akamfseoni, zigana//siganei, lagumfsa da a.S. ar-cerTi es saxeli ar aris arc afxazuri, arc abazuri da arc,miT umetes, Cerqezuli. am saxelTagan zogi berZnuli Cans(akamfsisi), zogis axsna Wirs, zogi ki aSkarad qarTveluria(zigana//siganei igivea, rac qarTuli “zegani”). aseve qarTve-luri saxelebia: moxora//moxirisi, anu muxuri; cibili-umi//cibili, anu webeli//wabali “wabli”; fusta; cxumi da a.S. es monacemebi adastureben, rom amJamindeli afxazeTismiwaze ax. w. VII saukunemde qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen da isiniqarTvelur ena-kiloebze metyvelebdnen.

3. ukanasknel daskvnas ganamtkicebs leonti mroveliscnobebi, romlebSic amJamindel afxazTa winaprebi da maTiena saerTod ar ixsenieba, rac SemTxveviTi sulac ar Cans.am daskvnas ver arRvevs agaTia sqolastikosis (VI s.) cnoba,romlis Tanaxmadac, misimianebi (e.i. muSvanebi, anu svanebi)da afSilebi sxvadasxva enaze laparakobdnen _ saqme is aris,

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rom am cnobaSi gamoyenebuli sityva “glossa” berZnul enaSimravalmniSvnelobiania da aRniSnavs: 1. metyvelebis unars; 2.konkretul enas; 3. konkretuli enis dialeqts, an kilokavs;4. stils. ase rom agaTias cnoba bundovania da ar unda gavi-goT maincadamainc ise, TiTqos misimianebi da afSilebi mar-Tla sxvadasxva erovnebisani iyvnen da enac sxvadasxva hqon-daT. zemoT ganxiluli masalis konteqstSi ufro uprianiaam cnobis ase gageba: misimianebi da afSilebi erTi da imaveenis sxvadasxva kiloze metyvelebdnen.

Tamar gogolaZe (goris saxelmwifo universiteti)

sasaubro ena qarTul hagiografiul ZeglebSi("SuSanikis wameba", "wameba cxraTa ZmaTa

kolaelTa", "wm. ninos cxovreba")

mterTa Semosevebisa Tu qveynis Znelbedobis mizeze-biT I-IV saukuneebis literaturul Zeglebs Cvenamde armouRwevia. adreuli periodis hagiografiuli Zeglebi(„SuSanikis wameba", „wameba cxraTa ZmaTa kolaelTa“, „wm.ninos cxovreba") ki, romlebic qristianobis gavrcelebisdasawyisisa (IV ss.) da misi dacvisaTvis brZolis periodebs(IV-V ss.) asaxavs, IX-XI saukuneebis xelnawerebis saxiTaaSemorCenili.

saanalizod SerCeul samive teqstSi sxvadasxva erov-nebisa da aRmsareblobis personaJTa (SuSanikis, sparsi kaci-sa da sxv.) monologebisa da dialogebis ena qarTulia, racgasagebsa da misawvdoms xdis teqsts mkiTxvelisTvis. erT-nairi eniT saubroben sxvadasxva socialuri fenis warmomad-genlebic (mefe, mTavari, xucesi, msaxuri...).

erTgvar gamonakliss warmoadgens „wmida ninos cxo-vrebaSi" gaelvebuli fraza, romelic avtors ninos sizma-reuli Cvenebis aRwerisas mohyavs: "da ganxsna wigni da igidaweril iyo hromaulad saxeli iesuisi“.

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nato gulua (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo un-iversiteti)

V-VI saukuneebis saqarTvelo da levangoTuas `qvis xoxobi"

levan goTuam moTxrobis `qvis xoxobis" SeqmniT qarT-veli eris cxovrebis kidev erT mniSvnelovan epoqas mohfinanaTeli. amjerad misi arCevani SeCerda vaxtang gorgaslis me-fobis xanaze, roca axladgaqristianebul qveyanas daSla,ganadgureba da gamazdeaneba daemuqra. nawarmoebSi aqcenti-rebulia gorgaslis saxelTan dakavSirebuli ori mniSvne-lovani movlena: moRalate varsqen pitiaxSis sikvdiliT das-ja da Tbilisis daarseba. `qarTlis cxovrebis", rogorcjuanSeris (`qarTlis cxovreba", t. I , Tb., 1955, gv. 216), isevaxuSti batoniSvilis TxzulebaTa mixedviT, varsqen pi-tiaxSis sikvdili bakur mefes ukavSirdeba: `mefeman bakurSekriba spa Tvisi da warvida ugrZneulad. amas vasqen idgavelsa zeda kidesa mtkurisasa, sada erTvis mdinare anakerti-sa. mun daesxa bakur mefe, Seipyra vasqen da daWerili mohkidaZelsa" (`qarTlis cxovreba", t. IV , Tb., 1973, gv. 118). somexiistorikosis lazar farpecis (l. janaSia, lazar farpeciscnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb) cnobiT ki varsqen pitiaxSi,rogorc iranis politikis gamtarebeli da mefis mowinaaRm-dege erisTavTa erT-erTi beladi, vaxtang gorgasalma Camoi-Sora (saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, Tb., 1973, gv.101). swored am ukanasknel wyaros aRiarebs Tanamedroveistoriografia da levan goTuac masze dayrdnobiT qmnis`qvis xoxobs".

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sataxto qalaqis mSeneblo-bis sakiTxs, aSkaraa, rom mwerali iziarebs xalxur gadmoce-mebs, romelTa mixedviT Tbilisis damaarseblad vaxtanggorgasalia miCneuli, maSin, roca juanSeris TxzulebaSigarkveviTaa aRniSnuli, rom vaxtang gorgasalma mxolod sa-fuZvlis Cayra moaswro: `da viTarca movida mociquli wi-naSe vaxtang mefisa, da vaxtang aSenebda qalaqsa tfilisisada safuZveli oden daedva" (`qarTlis cxovreba", t. I , Tb.,1955, gv. 200). mamis dawyebuli saqme ki daCim ganaxorciela:`ganasrulna zRudeni tfilisisani, da viTa ebrZana vaxtangs,

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igi Seqmna saxlad sameufod" (`qarTlis cxovreba", t. I, Tb.,1955, gv. 205).

mweralma moTxrobaSi qarTlis iranelTa uRlisaganganTavisuflebisaTvis, qveynis centralizaciisa da Seu-zRudavi samefo xelisuflebis SeqmnisaTvis TavdauzogavadmebrZoli vaxtang mefis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb cnobili isto-riuli faqtebi xalxis fantaziiT Seqmnil gmirul xasiaT-Tan Seazava da, sabolood, hiperbolizebuli mxatvrulisaxe miiRo. vfiqrobT, l. goTuas mizanic is iyo, rom daexatarealuri, amave dros, legendaruli, SeuzRudavi Zalisa dagaqanebis gmiri-mmarTveli - radikalurad gansxvavebulimwerlis TanamedroveTagan - romelic Tavisi mebrZoli su-lis mqone xalxis daxmarebiT Zlevs mters da moipovebs Tavi-suflebas. swored am mizniT daarRvia man moTxrobaSi isto-riuli Tanmimdevroba; drois TvalsazrisiT erT sibrtyezemoaqcia da urTierTkavSirSi warmogvidgina samSoblos mo-Ralatis sikvdili da dedaqalaqis mSenebloba.

rozeta gujejiani, soso WanturiSvili (Tbilisi.saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi)

qarTuli tradiciuli yofa da kulturaI-VI saukuneebSi

qarTuli tradiciuli kulturis esa Tu is elementi,maT Soris, materialuri, sulieri da socialuri yofismTavari niSnebi da lokaluri Taviseburebebi, saqarTvelosmdidari istoriidan gamomdinare, uZvelesi droidanveagamovlenili.

saistorio tradiciiT, qarTuli eTnosi arsebobda jerkidev Zveli welTaRricxvis IV_III saukuneTa mijnaze, romaraferi vTqvaT qristes aqeT I-VI saukuneebze.

rogorc cnobilia, eTnosis warmomqmneli yvelaparametri ZvelTaganve axasiaTebda istoriuli saqarTvelosteritoriaze mcxovreb adamianTa erTobas, radganacerTiani iyo qarTuli eTnosis ganviTarebisaTvisaucilebeli obieqturi pirobebi: eTnosis sakuTari saxeli_ eTnonimi (qarTveli), eTnikuri teritoria, eTnikuri ena

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(qarTuli) da eTnikuri kulturis mravali myari elementi,specifikuri materialuri da kulturuli markerebi,romelTaTvisac gansakuTrebiT niSneulia tradiciulobada mdgradoba.

umniSvnelovanesi faqtobrivi monacemebiT(arqeologia, ucxouri werilobiTi Zeglebi, eTnografiulimasala...) dadasturebulia, rom miuxedavad mciredilokaluri saxesxvaobebisa, I-IV saukuneebis rogorcaRmosavleT da dasavleT, aseve samxreT saqarTveloSic,materialuri kulturis msgavsi elementebi arsebobda(safotifikacio nagebobebi/cixe-darbazebi, wyalgayvani-lobis sistemebi, ucxouri da adgilobrivi qarTulikeramikuli, minis, liTonis nawarmi, samkaulebi, tansacmlisfragmentebi...). materialuri Zeglebis analizis Sedegadgamovlenilia saqarTvelos mosaxleobis socialuri dasulieri yofis erTiani maxasiaTeblebi: qristianobamdelisakulto nagebobebi, samarovnebi, dakrZalvis wesebi,samarxeuli inventari, masTan dakavSirebuli rwmena-warmodgenebi da a. S. arqeologiuri, ucxouri Tu qarTuliwerilobiTi wyaroebisa da eTnografiuli masalisSejerebiT gamovlenilia qristianobamdeli religiissxvadasxva elementi. tradiciul yofaSi fragmentuli saxiTSemonaxuli arqauli xanidan momdinare wes-Cveulebebisrekonstruirebis Sedegad, aRdgenilia sulieri,socialuri da materialuri yofis, simboloebisa dasaritualo praqtikis mravali uZvelesi pasaJi, romlebicerTiania yvela qarTuli istoriul-eTnografiuliTemisaTvis (i. javaxiSvili, g. lomTaTiZe, g. Citaia,v. bardaveliZe, r. xaraZe, m. gegeSiZe, j. ruxaZe, n. bregaZe,s. WanturiSvili, r. TofCiSvili, n. mindaZe, m. CxartiSvili,n. abakelia da sxv.). Sesabamisad ki, qarTveli eri I-IVsaukuneebSi warmoadgenda adamianTa iseT jgufs, romelicaRiarebda Tavis erTian warmomavlobas da qarTulidentobas, xasiaTdeboda erTiani kulturiT, cxovrebiswesiTa da CveulebebiT, riTac gamoirCeoda sxvaeTnosebisagan.

istoriuli masaliT dasturdeba adreuli Suasaukuneebis qarTuli kulturis kidev erTi maxasiaTebeli _qarTvel ers, cxadia, ZvelTaganve gaaCndaeTnikuri/erovnuli erTianobisa da sxva eTnosTagan

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kulturuli gansxvavebulobisa da TaviseburebebisSegrZneba (r. TofCiSvili, m. CxartiSvili), magram mxolodbiologiur erTian warmomavlobaze saqarTveloSi arasodesmaxvildeboda yuradReba _ qarTvelad da qarTulikulturis Semqmnelad moiazreboda yvela, vinc Tavs amkulturis wevrad da qarTuli saxelmwifos Svilad Tvlida,miuxedavad misi eTnikuri warmomavlobisa (g. alasania, r.TofCiSvili, t. futkaraZe, T. beraZe...).

qarTuli eTnikuri kultura, rogorc cocxali daganviTarebadi organizmi, didi mdgradobiT da,amavdroulad, mobilobiTac gamorCeuli fenomenia.sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi igi qmnis mxolod amepoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kulturul faseulobebs,romelTa umravlesi nawilic im drois mravali xalxiskulturis nawilicaa da, agreTve, lokalur-eTnikurZeglebsac, romlebic mxolod qarTuli eTnikuri kulturismonapovaria da msoflio saganZurSia Setanili. qarTulieTnikuri kulturis cvlilebebs iwvevs saerTo,zogadsakacobrio socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuliganviTareba, agreTve, TviT eTnikuri yofis Taviseburebebida am ori procesis urTierTgavlena. sazogadoebriv-istoriuli formaciisa da socialur-kulturuli yofiscvlileba adekvaturad aisaxeboda qarTul eTnikurkulturaze. amis TvalsaCino magaliTia ukve qristianobisoficialur religiad gamocxadebisTanave dawyebuli axaliqarTuli kulturis - qristianuli kulturis Seqmna daganviTareba.

saqarTvelos yofa da kultura sruliad axleburigziT viTardeba IV saukunidan: axal religiasa daqristianobasTan dakavSirebul kulturas adgilobrivididi kulturis tradiciebi xvdeba da jer kidev uZvelesqarTul (kolxur) kulturaze damyarebuli elinisturixanis tradiciebi bunebrivad erwymis axali _ qristianuliromaul-bizantiuri, siriuli _ kulturis elementebs, risSedegadac iqmneba originaluri qarTuli qristianulikultura, romelic bunebrivia, gansxvavebulia warmarTuliqarTuli kulturisagan. am droidan Tvisobrivad icvlebayofisa da kulturis yoveli elementi da maTi gadaazreba daganviTareba xdeba axali religiis Sesabamisad (biWvinTis

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IV-V saukuneebis qristianuli taZris mozaika, qristianulidakrZalvis wesi, magaliTad, samTavros samarovani, samarxTaumravlesoba webelidan da sxv. IV-VI saukuneebSi Cndebapolitikuri da samxedro-strategiuli mniSvnelobis axaliqalaqebi: artanuji, ujarma, Tbilisi, Weremi...).

amave dros, IV saukunidan ukve mogvepoveba qarTulidamwerlobis Zeglebi, rac ufro mravalferovans xdisqarTuli yofis elementebis aRdgenisa da gamovlenisSesaZleblobas.

qarTuli yofis mravali elementi, romlebic I-VIsaukuneTa arqeologiur masalasa Tu werilobiTwyaroebSia dafiqsirebuli, eTnikuri tradiciaa dazogierTi maTgani cocxalia TviT dRevandel yofaSic ki,magaliTad, aseTia "SuSanikis wamebaSi" gamomkrTali erTipasaJi ("puroba" da "puris Wama"). cnobilia, rom dasavleTsaqarTvelos mTianeTSi, svaneTSi, amJamadac samgloviaro dasaqorwino sufrasTan dedakacebi da mamakacebi cal-calkemagidebTan sxdebian. ufro adre ki tradiciul qarTulsacxovrebel nagebobebSi erTmaneTisagan gamoyofili iyosakacebo da saqalebo mxareebi da a. S. agiografiuliliteraturidan ikiTxeba tradiciuli qarTuli saojaxoyofis, naTesauri kavSirebis, stumar-maspinZlobis wesebis,musikisa da garToba-sanaxaobebis, sacxovrebelinagebobebisa da misi interieris, tansacmlis saxeobebis,sameurneo saqmianobisa da sxva niSnebi, romlebictradiciulad axasiaTebs qarTul yofasa da kulturasadreuli Sua saukuneebidan dRemde (g. lomTaTiZe,s. WanturiSvili). amave konteqstSia ganxilulitradiciuli qarTuli mentalobis erTi elementi _mniSvnelovani mentaluri Rirebulebebis mTavari simbolo_ "mefe”. cnobilia, xsovna mironcxebuli anu RvTiTmovlenili da qveynisaTvis Tavdadebuli mefeebisa, mTavarmarkerad mohyveba qarTvelTa tradiciul mentalobassaukuneTa manZilze. folkloruli masaliT, yvelazearqauli vaxtang gorgasalTan dakavSirebuli leqsia("vaxtang mefe RmerTs uyvarda, cidan Camoesma reka,ialbuzze fexi Sedga, didma mTebma iwyes dreka”) da, rogorcCans, mentalobis am elements safuZveli adreuli Suasaukuneebidanve eyreba (an SesaZloa, igi TviT farnavaz mefis

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droidan momdinarea), radgan vaxtang gorgasals udidesiwvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos gaerTianebasa da kulturulaRmSeneblobaSi. ukve am pirvelive folklorul siuJeturqargaSi Tavmoyrilia qarTuli tradiciuli kulturismniSvnelovani mentaluri faseulobebi: mefe RvTisgannakurTxia, mironcxebulia, Sesabamisad, zebunebrivi Zalismqonea da, rac mTavaria, mefe erisaTvis, qveynisaTvisTavdadebulia. cxadia, amgvari mentaluri pasaJebiodindelia, bibliuri motivebidan momdinare da saistoriotradiciiT ganmtkicebulia.

arqeologiuri, eTnografiuli da werilobiTiwyaroebis analiziT gamovlenilia erTiani materialuri,sulieri da socialuri kulturis arseboba saqarTvelosyvela istoriul-eTnografiul mxareSi I-VI saukuneebSi.saqarTvelos teritoriaze uZveles xanaSive fiqsirdebaxangrZlivi cxovrebis manZilze istoriulad Camoyali-bebuli erToba _ qarTveli eri _ erTiani teritoriiT,eniT, kulturiTa da TviTSegnebiT (a. jafariZe,t. futkaraZe, r. TofCiSvili, T. beraZe, m. CxartiSvili...).erTiania yofisa da kulturis yvela ZiriTadimaxasiaTebeli: arqeologiuri masala, eTnomusika, religia_ warmarTobac da qristianobac, ritualebi, qcevisnormebi, samarTali, naTesauri sistemebi, sacxovrebeli,TavdacviTi da sameurneo nagebobebi, xalxuri transporti,sameurneo da brZolis iaraRebi, tansacmeli, sakvebi,xalxuri medicina da sxva. Sesabamisad ki mcdariaTanamedrove enciklopediaTa Tu cnobarTa udides nawilSieTnogenezis sabWouri Teoriis safuZvelze damyarebuliSexeduleba, romliTac qarTvelTa eTnogenezisa daeTnikuri istoriis sakvanZo sakiTxebi araobieqturad datendenciuradaa warmodgenili da qarTvelebis eradCamoyalibebis xanad XI Tu XIX saukunea miTiTebuli.

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eka dadiani (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifouniversiteti)

qoronimi "qarTli" juanSeris"cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisas" mixedviT

Zvel qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi saqarTvelosa TusaqarTvelos kuTxeebis aRmniSvneli araerTi terminigvxvdeba, romlebic met-naklebad gansxvavebuli niuansebiTdasturdeba.

juanSeris Txzuleba "cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa"mogviTxrobs V-VIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos istorias, aRw-ers saqarTvelos rogorc Sida viTarebas (mefeTa da eris-Tav-mTavarTa damokidebulebas), aseve urTierTobas mezo-bel qveynebTan. savaraudod, juanSeri XI saukunis istori-kosia, amdenad, bunebrivia, avtori Zveli istoriuli movle-nebis aRwerisas Tavisi epoqis Sesabamis terminologiasaciyenebs.

juanSeris Txzulebis mixedviT, qoronimi qarTli aR-niSnavs:

a) sruliad saqarTvelos:"viZioT Suri pirvel ovsTa zeda, da Semdgomad vZeb-

neT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan - ase ityodes yovelniqarTvelni".

mir mefe sikvdilis win Tavis Zmas - arCils ubarebs:"ara mivis Ze-wuli Svili mkAdrad, aramed misxen SAdni qal-ni... ganuyven maT queyanani qarTlisani: naxevari Sen da nax-evari maT. xolo sauxucesod romel mqonda, momicemia Senda,da gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTida guria. xolo klarjeTi da Sua mTiuleTi miec asulTaCemTa..."

"...mooBrebul iyvnes yovelni Bevni qarTlisani, TAni-er kaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da egrisisa".

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"viTarca Sevlo yruman klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyosazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa, da Semusra qalaqiafSileTisa cxumi..."

b) saqarTvelos erT-erT kuTxes:"...xolo mowafeni misni wargzavna winaZRomiTa suli-

sa wmidisaTa, romelime qarTls, da romelime kaxeTs, da ro-melime garesjad..."

g) qalaqs:"cnes sparsTa, viTarmed damZimda vaxtang wylulebi-

sagan, moaoBres tfilisi da armazi qarTli, xolo mcxeTa verdaipyres".

qarTli sruliad saqarTvelos mniSvnelobiT gvxvde-ba rogorc sakuTriv qarTlis, aseve Sesityvebebis saxiT: yo-veli qarTli, queyana qarTlisa/queyanani qarTlisani, yo-velni Bevni qarTlisani, zena sofeli, romel ars qarTli.

qarTli zogadi mniSvnelobis cnebaa mefeTa da eris-Tav-mTavarTa titulaturaSi: mefe qarTlisaTa/yovelTamefeTa qarTlisaTa, erisTavni qarTlisani/yovelni erisTav-ni qarTlisani...

biWiko diasamiZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwi-fo universiteti)

saeklesio enis sakiTxi adreSuasaukuneebisegrisSi

dRemde samecniero literaturasa da saxelmZRvane-loebSi gabatonebulia mosazreba, rom TiTqოs mTeli adre-Suasaukuneebis manZilze dasavleT saqarTveloSi (egrisi)sakancelario da RvTismsaxurebis enad gamoiyeneboda araqarTuli, aramed berZnuli. sailustraciod davimowmebTerT citatas: "sanam dasavleTi saqarTvelo bizantiis xeli-suflebis qveS imyofeboda, oficialuri, eklesiisa da sax-elmwifo kancelariis enis rols berZnuli asrulebda”[lorTqifaniZe, 1973, 428].

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aseTi mosazreba usafuZvlo Cans ramdenime mizezisgamo:

1. sakuTriv bizantiaSi VII saukunemde saxelmwifoenad laTinuri gamoiyeneboda da ara berZnuli [yauxCiSvi-li, 1948, 97; Васильев, 2000, 158-159]. samecniero litera-turaSi bizantias aRmosavleT romis imperiasac uwodeben,radgan didi iyo romis gavlena bizantiis saxelmwifos cxov-rebaSi, kanonmdeblobaSi, marTva-gamgeobaSi, samxedro orga-nizaciaSi. berZnebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi TavisTavs ro-maelebs uwodebdnen da "erovnebis" kiTxvisas pasuxobdnen:“me romaeli var" [yauxCiSvili, 1973, 8]. imperator Teodo-sis (408-450 ww.) dros konstantinepolSi daarsebulumaRles skolaSi swavleba laTinur enaze warmoebda da qve-yanaSi saxelmwifo ena, rogorc zemoT iTqva, laTinuri iyo.aseT pirobebSi, saeWvoa, bizantiis xelisuflebas, romelicsakuTar qveyanas laTinur enaze marTavda, nominaluradmorCil lazikaSi (egrisi) saxelmwifo enad berZnulis gaba-tonebisaTvis ezruna. miT ufro, roca damoukideblobismosurne lazikis xelisuflebis mxridan mas mxardaWera areqneboda, radgan bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili qarTuli epi-grafikuli Zeglebis mixedviT, aq qarTuli mwignobroba Cansgavrcelebuli.

2. bizantieli avtorebis cnobiT, VI saukunis Sua xa-nebSi egriselTa umravlesobam ar icis berZnuli ena [geor-gika, 1965, 195; 1936, 125-127]. es gansakuTrebiT kargad CansagaTia sqolastikosis mier gubaz II-is mkvlelTa gasamar-Tlebis scenis aRweridan.

3. dasavleT saqarTveloSi ukve aRmoCenilia IV-IXsaukuneebis qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglebi; kerZod, webel-daSi aRmoCenil bareliefebze wminda giorgis xatis Seswav-la da iq warwerebis amokiTxva [narsiZe, 2000, 12], agreTveanuxvis mRvimis V-VIII saukuneebis qarTuli warwerebi sa-fuZvlians xdis mosazrebas, rom egrisSi saxelmwifo dasaeklesio-RvTismsaxurebis ena iyo qarTuli; mag., webeldisbareliefebze “SedarebiT kargad Semonaxuli calkeuliasoebis mixedviT irkveva, rom warwerebi Sesrulebuli iyooTx enaze: "qarTulad (asomTavruli), berZnulad, arameu-lad da falaurad” [narsiZe, 2000, 14]. warweriani barelie-febi ax.w-is 325 wlis axlo periodiT TariRdeba. saeklesio

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enis arCevisas, bunebrivia, qarTvelebi dedaenobriv kultu-ras airCevdnen. savaraudod, am periodisTvis Sors ar ariswasuli saerToqarTveluri enis dialeqtebis divergencia,Sesabamisad, "yovelTa qarTvelTa" dedaena aris asomTavru-li anbanis sabazo ena - CvenTvis cnobili Zveli qarTuliena.

4. dasavleT saqarTvelodan gamosuli didi saekle-sio moRvawis - ioane lazis mier palestinaSi agebul lazTamonasterSi (am monasters lazurs uwodebs prokofi kesa-rieli) warwerebi Sesrulebulia qarTuli asomTavruliT.amasTan dakavSirebiT sayuradReboa mTavarepiskopos ananiajafariZis daskvnac:“ioane lazi unda yofiliyo qarTulisaeklesio-saRvTsmsaxuro enisa da literaturis fuZemdebe-lTa, pirvel mTargmnelTa wris aqtiuri wevri, qarTuliTavdapirveli mTargmnelobiTi skolis erT-erTi lideri(jafariZe, 2002, 21).

amgvarad, axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSirogorc aRmosavleTi, ise dasavleTi saqarTvelo enobrivad,samwerlobo kulturiTa da aRmsareblobiT aris erTianisivrce. amitom safuZvels moklebulia Tanamedrove isto-riografiaSi gabatonebuli Sexeduleba - adreSuasaukunee-bis dasavleT saqarTveloSi berZnuli enis `funqcionirebi-sa da mogvianebiT egriselTa e.w. "qarTizaciis" (gaqarTve-lebis) Sesaxeb. Sdr.: Tu gaviziarebT e.w. "qarTizaciis"Teorias, maSin uarvyofT adreSuasaukuneebSi saqarTvelosmTel teritoriaze erTiani qarTuli eTnikuri da kultu-ruli sivrcis arsebobas, rac ewinaaRmdegeba istoriulrealobas, radgan rogorc istoriuli kolxeTiT, aseve qve-mo Tu zemo iberiiT saxeldebul eTnokulturul sivrceSiucxoeli avtorebi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, "yovelTa qarT-velTa" sacxovriss - "sruliad saqarTvelos" gulisxmobd-nen.

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tariel ebraliZe (baTumi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelm-wifo universiteti)

samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloax.w. I-VI saukuneebSi

1) ax.w. I saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSiqristianobis qadagebisa da samociqulo eklesiebis mSeneb-lobis mizniT imogzaures qristes mociqulebma: andria pir-velwodebulma, svimon kananelma da mataTam. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod, zRvispira zolSi axalreligias qadagebs mataTa, xolo aWaris mTianeTSi - andriapirvelwodebuli.

2) 2007 wlis zafxulSi sxalTis eparqiis episkoposmeufe spiridonis iniciativiTa da xelSewyobiT SesaZleb-loba mogveca, arqeologiuri TvalsazrisiT Segveswavlaxulos raionis sofel didaWaraSi, soflis centridanCrdiloeTiT mdebare `mTarangelozis” borcvi, sadac weri-lobiTi wyaroebisa da zepirsityvieri gadmocemebis mixed-viT navaraudevi iyo andria pirvelwodebulis mier eklesiismSenebloba.

3) `qarTlis cxovrebis” CanarTSi mocemulia: `movi-da... andria qalaqad trapizonad, romel ars sofeli me-grelTa, sada-igi dahyo Jami mciredi... ganvida mier da Sevidaqveyanasa qarTlisasa, romelsa did-aWara ewodebis, daiwyoqadagebad saxarebisa... adgilsa romelsa daasvena xati yov-lad-wmidisa RvTismSoblisa, aRmoecena wyaro friad Su-enieri da didi, romel igi dResaca dauwyuedelad aRmosdisda daadginna mRvdelni da diakonni... da aRaSenes eklesiamSvenieri saxelsa zeda yovlad wmidisa RvTismSoblisasa...”

4) arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas `mTarangelozis”borcvze ax.w. I saukunisa Tu adrefeodaluri xanis kerami-kuli masala ar gamovlenila. momdevno epoqebSi araerTi ga-dakeTebis Sedegad, albaT ganadgurda eklesiis naSTebi,romlebic Tavdapirvelad xis unda yofiliyo. amave teri-toriaze adrefeodaluri xanisaTvis unda agebuliyo qviseklesia, romlis naSTebi damuSavebuli kvadrebis saxiTaawarmodgenili. XVI-XVII ss. aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movle-nebisa da bolodroindeli (XX s. 80-90-iani wlebi) mizanmi-

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marTuli qmedebebis miuxedavad mainc ver moaxerxes taZrisnakvalevis waSla.

5) didaWaris molocvis Semdeg swored goderZisuReltexilze gamavali qvablianis gziT unda Sesuliyo an-dria pirvelwodebuli samcxeSi, mis administraciul dareligiur centrSi qalaq sosangeTSi, romelsac mogvianebiTawyuri ewoda. bolo dros zadengorasa da awyuris teri-toriaze Catarebuli arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegad`qarTlis cxovrebis” CanarTSi moTxrobili ambavi andriapirvelwodebulis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb realobas Seesabame-ba.

6) didaWaris `mTarangelozis” borcvis saxiT kol-xur kulturas Seemata axali tipis Zegli (kvaSta, kokotau-ri, didaWara). etyoba, igi Tavis droze (Zv.w. V saukunidan)warmoadgenda safortifikacio, saTvalTvalo punqts, ro-melic kvaStasTan, kokotaurTan da kidev sxva ucnob Zegleb-Tan erTad kontrols awesebda aWariswylis xeobis mozrdilmonakveTze. ax.w. I saukunidan ki adreSuasaukuneebis CaT-vliT, igi aWaris `qveynis” religiuri da politikuri cen-tria.

7) gonio-afsarosi samxreT-aRmosavleT SavizRvis-pireTis erT-erTi metad mniSvnelovani Zeglia. igi ax.w. Isaukunis meore naxevridan moqmedi cixe-simagre da romaelTamTavari sayrdeni punqtia aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi.ax.w. I saukunidan IV saukunis dasawyisi periodis CaTvliT aqromauli garnizoni dgas. IV-VI ss. 30-ian wlebamde afsaros-Si saqalaqo cxovreba Camkvdaria; Sdr., am dros ZlieriaqarTlis samefo. IV saukuneSi maRal ganviTarebas aRwevs pe-tra-cixisZiri. cxovrebis gamococxleba SeiniSneba qobu-leT-fiWvnarSic (gamovlinda ax.w. IV s. samarxebi).

8) ax.w. VI saukunis 30-iani wlebidan iwyeba saqalaqocxovrebis aRmavloba afsarossa da petra-cixisZirSi, raclazikis sanapiroebze bizantielTa aqtivizacias unda ukav-Sirdebodes. romaul (I-III ss.) da adreul Sua saukuneebSi(VI-VII ss.) cixe-simagreebisa da cixe-qalaqebis warmoqmnametwilad ganpirobebuli iyo romisa da bizantiis strate-giuli interesebiT.

9) samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira zolSiax.w. I-VI saukuneebSi jer romaelTa, Semdeg ki bizantielTagarnizonebi dgas. regioni maTi samxedro-strategiuli in-

38

teresebis sferos warmoadgenda, xolo istoriuli zemoaWara samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mTis zolis is raioniiyo, romelic uSualod ekvroda aRmosavleT saqarTvelossamxreT raionebs, istoriul mesxeT-javaxeTs. aWara uZvelesidroidan mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli samcxesTan savaWro-ekonomikuri da kulturul-politikuri TvalsazrisiTac(mag., farnavaziseuli oZrxis saerisTavo, andria pirvelwo-debulis samisionero mimosvla aWaridan samcxeSi). amdenad,sruliad gamarTlebuli Cans SidamTiani aWaris centrisdidaWaraSi arseboba, saidanac gadadis marjve, umoklesigzebi qvablianis xeobaSi. didaWara-Rorjomis qvabuli `mTa-sa” da `baris” gasayarzea da amave dros, aWaridan samcxeSigadasasvlel gzajvaredinze mdebareobs.

10) aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTis mosaxleobis cxo-vrebaSi ar hqonia adgili romanizacias, Sereuli eTnikurijgufebis warmoqmnas. arc maTi samarTlebrivi da politiku-ri organizaciis formebi danergila. Tavs inarCunebs mdi-dari adgilobrivi tradiciebi (gonios ganZi, maxo, zanaqi-Zeebi, kapandibi). rogorc Cans, romaul-bizantiuri kultu-ris gavlena samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi sakmaod zeda-piruli iyo da mas qveynis siRrmeSi ar SeuRwevia.

roland isakaZe (saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis oTarlorTqifaniZis arqeologiis centri)

quTaisis adreqristianuli eklesiebi

1. istoriul wyaroebSi quTaisis adreqristianulieklesiebis moxseniebis sul oriode SemTxveva fiqsirdeba daorive ax. w. VIII saukunis 30-iani wlebis movlenebTan kavSir-Si:

a) `daviT da konstantines cxovrebis" mixedviT, imkldis Tavze, romlis ZirSic mdinare rionSi Cayares murvanyrus brZanebiT nawamebi Zmebi, idga kozma da damianes sax-elobis eklesia;

b) anakofiasTan arabTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi sasikv-dilod daWrili qarTlis erismTavar stefanozis Svili mi-

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ri ubarebs Zmas (arCils), rom mamis neSti dakrZalos "say-darsa quTaTissა."

2. istoriuli wyaroebis simciris fonze TvalSisa-cemia quTaisis naqalaqaris arqeologiuri kvlevis Sedegad(1984-2009 ww.) aRmoCenili IV-VIII ss.-is eklesiebis si-mravle. Tanac aRsaniSnavia, rom naqalaqaris sakmaod didinawili jerac gauTxrelia, xolo diubua de monperes mier1833 wels Sedgenil quTaisis gegmaze asaxul 16-mde (8 marc-xena da 8 marjvena [bagratis taZrisa da citadelis eklesiisgamoklebiT] sanapiroze) eklesias Soris absoluturiumravlesoba Seuswavleli da dauTariRebelia. es ori mo-menti kidev ufro zrdis am tipis Zeglebis matebis albaTo-bas.

3. qronologiurad yvelaze Zveli eklesiis naSTebiaRmoCenilia bagratis taZris gaTxrebis Sedegad. igi Ta-riRdeba IV saukuniT, warmoadgens samnavian bazilikassworkuTxa minaSenebiT CrdiloeTisa (sanaTlavi) da samxre-Tis mxareze. dasavleTiT gamoiyofa narTeqsic.

4. momdevno etapze (daaxl. V-VI saukuneebis pirvelinaxevari) bazilika gadaukeTebiaT: daviwroebulia narTeqsida amaRlebulia misi iataki, interierSi Cndeba kargad da-muSavebuli qvebiT amoyvanili svetebi, interierisa da sa-naTlavis iatakebi ganaxlebulia hidravlikuri xsnariT. V-VI ss.-iT TariRdeba "Sida qalaqis" teritoriaze aRmoCeni-li abanos kopleqsSi Semavali mcire zomis orabsidiani(Sverili absidebiT) eklesia, romelzec ori samSeneblo SreganirCeva. V-VI saukuneebisaa citadelis XIII s.-is eklesiisiatakis qveS gamovlenili samabsidiani (aseve Sverili absi-debiT) eklesia interierSi oTxi sworkuTxa svetiT.

5. IV s.-is bazilika VI s.-is SuaxanebSi savaraudodiranelTa laSqarma daangria. VII s.-Si am adgilze axali ba-zilika augiaT, romelic imdenadaa dazianebuli, rom gegmisaRdgenac ki ver xerxdeba. swored es aris "quTaTisis sayda-ri", romelSic unda daekrZalaT stefanoz erisTavi.

6. murvan-yrus laSqrobis Sedegad dazianebuli"saydari" safuZvlianadaa gadakeTebuli leon II-is mier VIIIs.-is bolos: gafarToebulia interieri, romelsac sam navadyofda jvris formis svetebi, samxreTis sworkuTxa mklavSisanaTlavia mowyobili, dasavleTidan gaCnda narTeqsi. nali-

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seburi absidebi gare sworkuTxedSia Cawerili. am bazilikiskedlebis qsovili organuladaa CarTuli bagratis taZrisstruqturaSi da sarTulnaxevris simaRleze dRemde kargadikiTxeba. interieris elementebi ki taZris iatakis donezeanivelirebuli. swored am saydris ngrevis fenaSi aR-moCnda asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli warwera (g~b)antefiqsze.

7. istoriuli wyaroebis, saarqivo masalis, XIX s.-is presisa da sakiTxis bibliografiis Seswavlis SedegadmivediT im daskvnamde, rom kozma da damianes saxelobis ek-lesia dRevandeli wiTeli xidis zemoT, miaxloebiT yazbegi-sa da daviT da konstantines quCebis gasayarTan mdebareobdada an Tanamedrove dasaxlebiTaa gadafaruli, anda XIX s.-is60-ian wlebSi leCxumis gzis gayvanas Seewira, roca dRevan-deli wiTeli xididan Womamde istoriulad ganaSenianebulikldovani ferdobi "laRumebiT CaTales" (niko nikolaZe).

manana kvaWaZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti)

saganmanaTleblo tradiciaTa SesaxebZvel iransa da saqarTveloSi

Zveli samyaros tradicia gansakuTrebul mniSvnelo-bas aniWebda swavla-ganaTlebis problemas; aRzrdis insti-tuti organulad ukavSirdeboda qveynis socialur siste-mas, mkacrad Camoyalibebuli xasiaTi hqonda da ganpirobe-buli iyo saxelmwifos interesebiT.

aqemenianTa iranSi damkvidrebulma aRzrdis sistemamasaxva pova berZnul wyaroebsa da iranul legendebSi, mog-vianebiT _ mxatvrul literaturaSi; mwiri da ramdenadmegafantuli cnobebis miuxedavad, garkveuli warmodgenagveqmneba parTuli xanis Sesaxebac; sasanuri epoqis iraniasaxulia falaur literaturasa da istoriul qronikebSi.

swavla-aRzrdis Sesaxeb saintereso masalas gvawvdisqarTuli wyaroebi rogorc adreul xanaSi, ise gvian feo-dalur periodSic.

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Zveli iranisa da imJamindeli saqarTvelos Sesaxebarsebuli masalebis Sepirispireba-Sejerebis Sedegad vlin-deba msgavseba-gansxvavebani.

yuradRebas iqcevs cnobebi ufliswulisa Tu sxvawarCinebul ojaxTa vaJebis swavla-ganaTlebis Sesaxeb; sayu-radReboa `gaZiZavebis” tradicia, asakobriv jgufebad dayo-fis principebi, jgufuri swavlebis meTodebi, aRmzrdelisada aRzrdilis (aRzrdilebis) urTierTdamokidebulebissakiTxebi; calke aRniSvnis Rirsia e.w. `qalis xazi” swavla-aRzrdis sistemaSi da sxva.

niSandoblivia, rom Zveli iranisa da saqarTvelosaRzrdis sistema miznad isaxavda rogorc fizikur wvrTnasada samxedro-sportul varjiSebs, ise Teologiuri da saeroganaTlebis miRebas.

sazogadod, Zveli samyaros saganmanaTleblo tradi-ciaTa Sesaxeb arsebuli masala saintereso suraTs warmog-vidgens rogorc tipologiuri analizis, ise kulturulurTierTobaTa kvlevis TvalsazrisiT.

mixeil labaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifouniversiteti)

adreqristianuli eparqiebis sakiTxilazeTSi (Zvel WaneTSi)

1. saqarTvelos erT-erT istoriul kuTxeSi - lazeTSianu WaneTSi am kuTxis qarTvelebs qristianoba ax. w. I sauku-neSi andria pirvelwodebulma da mataTam uqadages. amaTganmataTam gansasvenebelic lazeTis miwaze, gonioSi hpova.SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lazeTi iyo pirveli kuTxe saqarTve-losi, saidanac mociqulebma daiwyes qarTvelTa moqceva.

2. am kuTxis adgilobrivi saxelwodeba unda yofiliyo`WaneTi”. es saxeli kargadaa cnobili istoriul wyaroebSi -rogorc qarTulSi, ise ucxourSi (berZnul-romaulsa daosmalurSi); aseve xalxur metyvelebaSic - taoeli, livane-li da maWaxleli qarTvelebi lazebs dResac `Wanebs” eZaxian.`Wan-" fuZisagan momdinare terminebi enaTmecnierebaSic ga-moiyeneba. dRes lazebi TavianT Tavs `lazefe”-s uwodeben,

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Tumca saxelwodeba `Wanic” araa maTTvis ucnobi - zRvispi-reli lazebi mTiel lazebs `Wanefe”-s anu `Wanebs” eZaxian da,esaa kninobiT-familaruli termini. lazeTSi bevria `Wan-"fuZis Semcveli toponimi Tu hidronimi: WanafeTi (sofeli),WaneTi (soflis ubani), Wanuri Rali (Rele) da a.S.

3. `laz-" fuZiani terminebi gviandelia da war-moSobili Cans berZnulis gavleniT: termini `lazika” pir-velad gvxvdeba Zveli romaeli mematianis, arianes (II s.) na-SromSi. arianes cnobiT, im droisaTvis Crdilo-aRmosavleTSavizRvispireTSi arsebobda qalaqi Zveli lazika. CveniazriT, oikonims Λαζικη da Temonims Λαζοι SesaZlebelia, sa-fuZvlad edos berZnuli sityva λαζος, rac niSnavs `pataraxanjals”; aRsaniSnavia, rom trapizoneli elinofonebi am si-tyviT aRniSnaven erTgvar iaTagans, romelic maTi erovnulisamosis atributia. rogorc cnobilia, xanjali qarTvelursamyaroSi msgavsi funqciiT odiTganve cnobilia da, vgo-nebT, swored am faqtis gamo berZnebma dasavleT saqarT-velos uwodes Λαζικη.

4. istoriulad, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos me-grelTa anu WanTa samkvidro moicavda vrcel teritoriasmd. Woroxis SesarTavidan Tanamedrove qalaq uniemde (Tur-qeTi), romlis Wanuri saxelwodeba `o~ne” Semonaxulia berZ-nul wyaroebSi. mTeli es mxare pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoTdasavleT, Sua da aRmosavleT WaneTad. rogorc Cans,dasavleTi WaneTis romeizacia anu gaberZneba jer kidev CvenswelTaRricxvamde unda dawyebuliyo, xolo Sua WaneTisa(igive trapizonis mxarisa, xaldiisa) - Cv. w. 258 wlis Semd-gom, roca goTTagan gadamwvari trapizoni romaelebma xe-laxla gaaSenes. aRmosavleTi WaneTi, e.i. is mxare, sadacdRemde SemorCa qarTveloba da qarTveluri metyveleba(lazuri anu Wanuri kiloebi) gadagvarebisagan ixsna Seda-rebiT ufro Znelad misadgomma reliefma da danarCen sa-qarTvelosTan ufro metad siaxlovem. aqve unda aRiniSnosisic, rom aRmosavleT WaneTi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuliklarjeTTan da amitomac mas qarTul wyaroebSi araiSviaTad`klarjeTisa zRvis piric” ewodeba. am mxaris ukiduresi da-savleTi sazRvari gaxldaT md. ofi deresi anu ofi.

5. "qarTlis cxovrebidan” CvenTvis cnobilia, romqristes mociqulni saqarTveloSi Camodian mefe aderkis

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dros, rodesac dasavleT saqarTvelo erTiani `qarTlis” Se-madgenlobaSia: `aderkis mefobasa Sina movides aTormetTawmida mociqulTaganni andria da svimon kananeli afxazeTsda egriss. mun aResrula wmida svimon kananeli qalaqsa ni-kofsiisasa, sazRvarsa berZenTasa, xolo andria moaqcivnamegrelni”, - naTqvamia `qarTlis cxovrebaSi”. am cnobis mix-edviT, qalaqi nikofsia - arianeseuli `Zveli lazika” berZne-bis anu romis imperiis sazRvarzea, afxazeTi ki qarTlis na-wilia iseve, rogorc egrisi, vinaidan aderki megrelebsurisxdeba rjulis datevebis gamo (ix. `qarTlis cxovreba”,1955, gv. 42). mogvianebiT andriam isev ganamtkica megrelnida afxazni (iqve, gv. 43).

6. qarTveli hagiografi efTvime mTawmideli, romel-sac ekuTvnis andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb dawerili`mosaBsenebeli”, gvizustebs im mxareebs, sadac iqadages an-driam, mataTam da svimon kananelma: kerZod, igi wers, rompirveli mogzaurobis dros andria `miiwia... qalaqad trape-zuntad, romel igi Sen ars sofelsa megrelTasa”, andriatrapizonSi Cadis aseve meore mogzaurobis dros, xolo me-same mogzaurobis dros igi da misi Tanmxlebni - mataTa dasvimon kananeli `moiwivnes queyanasa qarTlisasa da vidremdinaredmde Woroxisa”, aqedan gadavidnen mxareSi, romel-sac efTvime mTawmideli `sosanigeTs” uwodebs (ix. saqarT-velos samoTxe, 1882; gv. 24-45).

7. "qarTlis cxovrebis” Tanaxmad, andria mociqulmamis mier moqceul mosaxleobas `daudgina episkoposni,mRvdelni da diakonni” (ix. gv. 41); Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas,rom mociqul pavles mixedviT episkoposi warmoadgendaqristianTa Temis umaRles xelmZRvanels, xolo Temebi kiumetesad did qalaqebSi iqmneboda, maSin gamodis, rom aR-mosavleT WaneTSi unda yofiliyo minimum ori episkoposi -afsarisa da hAsisa; Sua WaneTSi ki iqneboda erTi - trapizo-nis episkoposi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu afsaridan md. arqabemdeZidritTa olqi iyo, maSin SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom af-sarSi unda mjdariyo misi episkoposi. aqedan gamomdinare,gamodis, rom hAsis, anu surmenes episkoposi marTavda teri-torias dRevandeli surmenedan viwes (Turq. Fındıklı) CaT-vliT - e.i. dRevandel rizes ilsa da misi momijnave trapizo-nis ilis or ilCes - ofsa da surmenes. amgvari varaudis sa-

44

fuZvels gvaZlevs is faqti, rom andria pirvelwodebulismisioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb arsebuli berZnul-romauli wyaroebi yvelaze xSirad axseneben aRm. WaneTis orpunqts - afsarsa da hAss.

8. 1651 wels lazeTis mitropolit germanes (saqarT-velos eklesiis ierarqis) mier ruseTis mefe aleqsei mixai-loviCisadmi wardgenil angariSidan varkvevT, rom lazeTisepiskoposebis samyofeli - q. ofis taZari wmida ninos dau-arsebia (ix. ingoroyva, 1954; gv. 227). amave cnobas exmianeba Vsaukunis bizantieli avtori gelasi kvizikeli, romelicgvamcnobs, rom IV s.-is pirvel naxevarSi, konstantine I-iszeobis dros `RmrTis cneba miiRes pontos gaswvriv mdebaremiwa-wyalze mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma” wmida ninos anu`tyve dedakacis” moRvaweobis Sedegad (ix. iqve). amrigad, IVsaukunisaTvis aRmosavleT WaneTSi saepiskoposo kaTedrebimoSlila da qristianoba TiTqmis gamqrala, radganac wmidanino xelaxla moaqcevs am mxaris mosaxleobas, xolo taZarsaarsebs swored im adgilebSi, sadac unda mjdariyo hAsis anusurmenes episkoposi. saqme isaa, rom ofi (Turq. Of) samiodekilometriTaa daSorebuli surmenedan.

9. rogorc viciT, vaxtang gorgasalma gaaTavisuflaegrisi da afxazeTis erTi nawili egriswylidan klisuramde.aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi sadavod aravismiaCnia Tvalsazrisi, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefa-liis mopovebis dros vaxtangi xufaTis cixesac flobda:`vaxtang gorgasalis dros sazRvari bizantiasa da saqarT-velos Soris, xufaTze ido (xofTan), radganac `bolo klar-jeTisa zRvispiri” saqarTveloSi Semodioda”, - aRniSnavs sa-qarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mkvlevari, mitropoliti ana-nia jafariZe (ix. a. jafariZe, 2009, gv. 99). mxolod pavle in-goroyva acxadebs, rom V saukuneSi mcxeTis sakaTalikososaydars eqvemdebareboda im droisaTvis axladdaarsebulitamburis saepiskoposoc (ix. ingoroyva, 1954, gv. 377-380,441-442). pavle ingoroyvas mier Sedgenil WaneT-lazeTisrukaze (ix. ingoroyva, 1954, gv. 272) `tamburi, anu hamamaSenizRvispirisa” mdebareobs md. furtunas SesarTavTan, anudRevandeli q. artaSenis (Turq. Ardeşen) adgilas. amgvarad,irkveva, rom mcxeTis sakaTalikosos ierarqi mjdara dRevan-del q. artaSenSi.

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qeTevan megreliSvili (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

iranul anTroponimTa damkvidrebisaTvisqarTulSi (saSualo iranuli enobrivi epoqa)

qarTul-iranuli enobrivi urTierTobis istoriisTvalsazrisiT Zalzed mniSvnelovania saSualo iranulienobrivi epoqa Tavisi dasavluri tipis ori dialeqtiT: e.w.sasanuri falauri _ igive saSualo sparsuli da arSakidu-li falauri _ igive parTuli.

iranul enobriv samyarosTan mWidro kontaqti Tval-saCinod aisaxa qarTul leqsikaze rogorc sazogado, asevekerZo saxelebis doneze. iranuli warmomavlobis piris sa-kuTari saxelebi mravlad gvxvdeba rogorc qarTul isto-riul wyaroebSi, ise mxatvruli literaturis ZeglebSic.masala sakmaod mdidari da mravalferovania.

warmodgenil moxsenebaSi yuradRebas mivapyrobT sa-Sualo iranuli enobrivi wridan qarTulSi Semosul ramde-nime anTroponims (arCili, fridoni, bakuri, goderZi, mi-randuxti, daCi, vaCe, vaxtangi, guranduxti, revi). zogierTimaTgani dResac SemorCa qarTul onomastikons gvar-saxelebis saxiT. metwilad maTi fonetikuri forma aadvi-lebs am nasesxobaTa qronologizacias da miuTiTebs maTuSualo kavSirs saSualo iranul enobriv epoqasTan.

Tamar mesxi (Tbilisi. aRmosavleTmcodneobis insti-tuti)

mama~s kulti I-VI ss. adreqristianulsaqarTveloSi

2 seqtembris svinaqsari mogviTxrobs, rom wm. mamawarmoSobiT paflagonieli iyo. mravalgvari tanjvis Semdeg,avrelianes imperatorobis dros (III s.), igi qviT Caiqola dasamkapiT ganigmira, jildod ki mowamis gvirgvini miiRo.

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bolo wamebisas wmindans veluri mxecebi miusies. ma-gram moxda saocreba: daTvi krZalviT Tayvans scemda da fex-Ta ambors uyofda. vefxvi ki eniT warhxocda ofls da wy-lulebs ulokavda. lomma wamebis macqeralTagan mravalidaglija, sxvani ki kbiliTa da brWyaliT daWra. amitom wm.mama qristianul xelovnebaSi lomze amxedrebuli WabukissaxiT gamoisaxeba.

wm. mama qarTvelTa erT-erTi usayvarlesi wmindaniyofila. amas mowmobs misi araerTi gamosaxuleba da xati,romlebmac Cvenamde moaRwia. esenia:

1. gelaTuri tondo, romelzedac wmindani lomze am-xedrebulia gamosaxuli (XI s.-is pirveli meoTxedi).

2. manglisis RmrTismSoblis miZinebis taZris (VI s.)gumbaTis moxatulobaSi (XI s.) yuradRebas ipyrobs ferado-van wreSi moTavsebuli kompozicia, romelic imeorebs ge-laTis tondoze moTavsebul wm. mamas gamosaxulebas.

3. grigol RmrTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebulSi

(xelnaweri A -109, XII s. dasasruli) moTavsebulia wm. mamasminiatura, romelsac xelnaweris mTeli furceli uWiravs(gv. 377) da stilisturi TvalsazrisiT axlos aris monu-mentur mxatvrobasTan.

is faqti, rom wm. mamas Cvenamde moRweuli gamosaxu-lebebi ZiriTadad XI-XII saukuneebs ganekuTvneba, imas su-lac ar niSnavs, rom misi kulti ase gvian Semovida saqarTve-loSi. piriqiT, es imis dasturia, Tu ra Rrmad hqonda gadg-muli fesvebi III saukunis mowames qarTvel morwmuneTa gu-lebsa da cnobierebaSi. amasve adasturebs isic, rom wm. ma-

maÁs saxeli Tan gahyva qarTul siwmindeebs ucxoeTSi.bolodroindeli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad

sagrZnoblad gamdidrda Cveni codna kviprosze arsebuliqarTuli siwmindeebis Sesaxeb. rogor daskvnamdec ar undamividnen mecnierebi, vfiqrobT, udavod angariSgasawevia kvi-prosis saeklesio tradicia, romlis Tanaxmadac, Raliis

monastris mTavari nageboba wm. mamaÁs saxelze yo-

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fila agebuli. sofel Raliis mkvidrni ki gviamboben, rommonasterSi dakrZalulia maTTvis ucnobi mdidari qarTve-li qalbatoni, romelsac saflavSi auracxeli ganZi Caa-tanes. yofila SemTxvevebi, rodesac calkeul pirebs sa-flavis gaTxra ucdiaT ganZis dasaufleblad, magram yovelimcdeloba uSedegod dasrulebula. soflis mosaxleoba amfaqts imiT xsnis, rom am qarTveli qalbatonis saflavs wm.

mamaÁ icavso. cxadia, mdidar qarTvel qalbatonSi Tamarmefe unda vivaraudoT, radgan sayovelTaod cnobilia misisaflavis gasaidumloebis ambavic da misi mzrunvelobac Ra-liis qarTuli monastris mimarT.

wm. mowame mamaÁs saxelze konstantinepolSi ramde-nime eklesia da sami monasteri aSenebula. maTgan erT-erTi_ VI saukuneSi. cnobas VI saukuneSi agebuli monastris Se-saxeb XI saukunis bizantieli qronografi ioane zonara

gvawvdis. zonaras Tanaxmad, eklesia wm. mamaÁs saxelze impe-

rator iustinianes sefekacma, farsmanma (Φαρασμάνης) aago,mogvianebiT ki eklesia monastrad gadaakeTes.

VI saukunis bizantieli istorikosis prokofi kesa-rielis `omebis wignSi" farsmani moxseniebulia rogorc ma-maci mebrZoli, warmoSobiT kolxi. kidev ufro dawvrile-biT cnobebs mis Sesaxeb gvawvdis zaqaria ritori (VI s.). im-ave periodSi moRvawe farsmanze, mis simamacesa da kolxurwarmoSobaze saubrobs agreTve Teofane JamTaaRmwereli(VIII s.).

vinaidan arc erT istorikosTan, vinc VI saukunisistoriul movlenebs aRwers, sxva farsmani ar moixsenieba,

advilad SegveZlo gvefiqra, rom konstantinepolis mamaÁstaZris amSenebeli farsman kolxi yofila. magram aq erT wi-naaRmdegobas vawydebiT: ioane zonara farsmans evnuxadmoixseniebs, prokofi kesarielis cnobebis Tanaxmad ki, fars-mans Svilebi hyavda, romlebic mamasaviT saxelganTqmulimeomrebi iyvnen. Tumca, am Seusabamobis sawinaaRmdego argu-mentebic arsebobs.

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saqme isaa, rom ioane zonaras iustinianes epoqasTanxuTi saukune aSorebs. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom istori-koss saxelganTqmuli meomari da romeliRac evnuxi farsmanierTmaneTSi areoda. garda amisa, taZris aSeneba saxelovanimeomrisagan ufro mosalodnelia, vidre evnuxisagan. saami-sod farsman kolxs iranelebTan brZolisas (502-505/6 ww.)mopovebuli naalafaric Seuwyobda xels. da kidev, konstan-

tinepolis wm. mamaÁs monasteri rom tomiT qarTvelis mieraris aSenebuli, amis sasargeblod metyvelebs is faqtic,rom monastris tipikonis erT-erT minawerSi (1171 w.) kura-palatisa da mosamarTlis tituliT moxseniebulia vinme ba-sili lipariti, romelsac mecnierebi ivane liparitis bi-zantiaSi darCenil erT-erT memkvidred miiCneven.

yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, cxadia, Cndeba kiTxva:

Tuki ucxoeTSi vagebdiT taZrebs wm. mamaÁs saxelze, saqarT-veloSi ratom ar SemogvrCa am wmindanis saxelobis eklesie-bi da monastrebi?

darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adreqristianul

xanaSi saqarTveloSi wm. mamaÁs saxelobis araerTi eklesiada monasteri aSendeboda. cxadia, mravali maTgani JamTasvlas emsxverpla da maTi saxelic warixoca. amasTan, droTaganmavlobaSi saxelma saxe ise icvala, rom misi amocnoba dadadgena sagangebo mtkicebulebebs moiTxovs, rac erTi mox-senebis farglebs scildeba. amitom maTze Semdgom moxsene-baSi visaubrebT.

da bolos, usaTuod unda aRiniSnos isic, rom sa-qarTveloSi farTod yofila gavrcelebuli anTroponimimama. amis upirveles magaliTad davasaxelebT VIII saukuneSi

moRvawe wm. kaTolikos mamaÁs (xsenebis dRe 3 maisi), romel-

sac moixseniebs ioane zosime Tavis kalendarSi `krebaÁ

TTueTaÁ weliwadisaTaÁ", xolo giorgi mTawmidelma misisaxeli, sxva qarTvel wmindanebTan erTad, mis mier Targmnildid svinaqsarSi Seitana.

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saxeli `mama" dResac arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba for-

miT `mamanti" (berZn.: Μάμας, naT. br. Μάμαντος), maSin rode-sac berZnul samyaroSi igi TiTqmis daviwyebas mieca. saxe-lis es forma gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia dasavleT sa-qarTveloSi. es arc aris gasakviri. im droisaTvis, rodesacsaqarTveloSi wm. mamas kulti fexs ikidebda, dasavleT sa-qarTvelo konstantinepolis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Se-dioda. ar aris gamoricxuli, wm. mamas saxelidan momdina-reobdes agreTve mamakacis saxelebi: "mamia" da "mamuka".

said muliani (irani. fereidunSahris universiteti)

iran-saqarTvelos urTierTobaI-VI sakuneebSi

saqarTvelo Tavisi saukeTeso geopolitikuri mdgo-mareobis gamo yovelTvis iyo Zlieri da uzarmazari mezob-lebis yuradRebis centrSi. saqarTvelo yovelTvis war-moadgenda civilizaciaTa gzajvaredins da aRmosavleT-dasavleTis saqaravno gzebis damakavSirebels.

irani, rogorc saqarTvelo, flobs uZveles mdidarcivilizaciasa da kulturas.

iransa da saqarTvelos Soris amJamad uSualo sazR-vari ar arsebobs, magram saukuneebis manZilze es ori qveyanamezoblebi iyvnen. swored am geografiuli siaxlovis gamo,iransa da saqarTvelos Soris uZvelesi droidan arsebobdamWidro politikuri da ekonomikuri urTierTobebi; es kar-gadaa asaxuli orive mxaris istoriul wyaroebSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom irani ufro Zlieri qveyana iyoda misi gavlena meti iyo saqarTveloze, procesi calmxriviar yofila. qarTvelebma istoriis manZilze SeiTvises iraniskulturuli da sazogadoebrivi elementebi, magram qarTvelers arasodes daukargavs TviTmyofadoba.

iransa da saqarTvelos midielebisa da iqamenianTadinastiebis dros mWidro urTierToba hqoniaT. rogorcakademikosi giorgi wereTeli brZanebs, iqamenianTa imperiaSiCamoyalibebulma administraciulma, sazogadoebrivma, po-

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litikurma da samarTlebrivma struqturebma udidesi gav-lena moaxdines Sua aziisa da amierkavkasiis qveynebze; mag., ax.w. meore saukunis saqarTveloSi sparsuli enisa da kultu-ris gavlenas cxadyofs cnobili "armazis bilingvis" ("sera-fitas") warwerebSi aRwerili qarTuli realoba.

meore saukunidan meeqvse saukunemde sasanidTa daromaelTa saerTo interesebis gamo, rac isaxavda maTi qvey-nebis dacvas alanebis ieriSebisa da Tavdasxmebisagan, sa-qarTvelos mniSvneloba ormagad gaizarda. CrdiloeTidanTavdamsxmel tomebs mxolod saqarTvelos gavliT SeeZloTdarbeva da Tavdasxma. sasanidebis dros iransa da roms So-ris ramdenime zavi daido, romlebSic kargad Cans saqarTve-los mniSvneloba.

meeqvse saukuneSi iransa da bizantias Soris saqarT-velos (qarTlis) saxelmwifos dasavleTi nawilis (lazikis)gamo ramdenime omi moxda. 532 da 557 wlebSi iransa da bi-zantias Soris saqarTvelos gamo zavebi daido, Tumca oriveZalian male dairRva da maT Soris omi isev ganaxlda. pirve-li da meore xosroebi did yuradRebas uTmobdnen saqarT-velos Temas.

I-VI saukuneebSi mWidro kavSirebi iyo kulturulsferoSic; qarTvelebi icnobdnen iranul zoroastriulZeglebs, mag., "aidegare zarirans", "xodainamaehs" da "sfan-daTnamehs".

warmodgenili mimoxilva cxadyofs I-VI saukuneebSiiransa da saqarTvelos Soris axlo urTierTobas, Tumca, ammimarTulebiT sakvlevi jer kidev bevria.

avTandil nikoleiSvili (quTaisi. akaki wereTlissaxelmwifo universiteti)

vasil barnovis àrmazis msxvreva" IV saukuneSireligiur-saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvis

qarTveli xalxis brZolis konteqstSi

vasil barnovis Semoqmedebidan àrmazis msxvreva"(1925 w.) yvelaze meti radikalizmiT avlens avtoris sar-wmunoebriv mrwamss. v. barnovis religiuri rwmenis safuZ-vlad romanSi, upirveles yovlisa, Tavad mwerlis erovnul-

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patriotuli TvalTaxedvaa qceuli. igi uwinaresad sworedam poziciidan sjis da afasebs movlenebs, riTac siRrmiseu-lad warmoaCens istoriuli viTarebis namdvil arss. mwera-li realisturi damajereblobiT gviCvenebs im agresiuli po-litikis saxifaTo mizanswrafvas, romelsac religiur-sar-wmunoebrivi niRbiT atarebdnen irani da bizantia saqarTve-los winaaRmdeg IV saukuneSi.

vasil barnovma àrmazis msxvrevaSi" (1925 w.) sruli-ad axleburi TvalTaxedviT gaiazra da Seafasa saqarTvelosistoriidan kargad cnobili iseTi movlena, rogoric CvenSiqristianuli sarwmunoebis damkvidreba da saxelmwifoebrivreligiad gamocxadebaa. am mniSvnelovan istoriul faqtsmwerali aratradiciuli TvalTaxedviT sjis da afasebs.

v. barnovis azriT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivimomavali imxanad arsebiTad gansazRvra im mZafrma da ukom-promiso brZolam, romelic religiuri niSniT mimdinareob-da qristianul bizantiasa da warmarTul sparseT-saqarTve-los Soris. am brZolaSi sparseT-saqarTvelos mokavSireoba,sxva mniSvnelovan faqtorebTan erTad, am qveynebis maSin-delma religiurma naTesaobamac arsebiTad ganapiroba. ro-gorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi saukuneTa manZilze damkvid-rebuli sarwmunoeba, romlis `xilulad amsaxvel ufrosRvTaebas" (mwerlis sityvebia) armazi warmoadgenda, sparse-Tidan iyo Semosuli. misma aRzevebam jer safuZvlebi Se-uryia, SemdegSi ki TiTqmis mTlianad daasamara sakuTriverovnuli wiaRidan aRmocenebuli Zveli qarTuli ker-pTayvanismcemloba.

àrmazis msxvrevaSi" yovelgvari orazrovnebis gareSevlindeba v. barnovis uRrmesi pativiscema qarTuli warmar-Tobisadmi, rac, uwinares yovlisa, imiTaa ganpirobebuli,rom es warmarTuli kerpebi erovnuli cnobierebis wiaRidaniyvnen aRmocenebulni da ara ucxoeTidan Semosulni da Za-liT Tavs moxveulni.

romanis umTavres siuJetur qargad v. barnovma `qar-Tlis cxovrebidan" da `ninos cxovrebidan" kargad cnobiliis epizodebi aqcia, romlebic Cvens qveyanaSi wminda ninos Se-mosvlis, qristianuli religiis qadagebisa da mefe miriani-sa da misi ojaxis mier am sarwmunoebaze moqcevis ambavs mog-viTxroben. marTalia, am monaTxrobSi siuJeturi Tvalsaz-risiT arsebiTad axali araferia, magram am istoriuli mov-

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lenis barnoviseuli gaazreba da Sefaseba principuladgansxvavdeba tradiciulad damkvidrebuli TvalTaxedvisa-gan.

nikoloz oTinaSvili (goris saxelmwifo universiteti)

niqozis saepiskoposos daarseba

Sida qarTli ZvelTaganve iyo da axlac aris qarTulisaxelmwifoebriobis safuZveli. am istoriul-geografiulma regionma saTave daudo qarTlur dialeqtsda mere ki es dialeqti iqca erTiani saliteraturo enis me-saZirkvled. am bazis safuZvelze warmoiSva qarTuli dam-werloba, romelic asaxulia sakacobrio mniSvnelobis sa-buTebsa Tu Zeglebze.

Sida qarTli gamoirCeva xelsayreli geografiulimdebareobiT, rac pirobebs qmnida rogorc sameurneo, isekulturuli cxovrebisaTvis.

gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom mtkvar-araqsis kulturaunda ganviTarebuliyo am teritoriaze, sadac qarTvelitomebi am kulturis gamoCenamde cxovrobdnen (o. jafariZe,1976). zemoxsenebuli kultura farTod da rig SemTxvevebSimniSvnelovani ZeglebiT aris warmodgenili, igi mWidro kav-SirSia mis wina periodis kulturasTan. Zeglebze ar SeimC-neva mkveTri sazRvari. es aisaxa cxinvalis nacargoraze,qulbaqebze, zRudrisgverdaze, qvasaTalSi, gufTaSi sxvaZeglebze, romlebic gaiTxara liaxvisa da frones xeobebSi.

cxinvali-niqozis midamoebi erT-erTi nayofieri ad-gilia, romelic mTiswineTSi vrceli da Ronieri sameurneokeraa.

`da epyra ufloss queyana aragviTgan da tfilisTaganvidre tasiskaramde da fanavramde. da aman aRaSena uflis-cixe, urbnisi, kaspi, aragviTgan da armaziTgan vidre ta-siskaramde. uwoda amasa qveyanasa zenas soflisa, romelsa awhqvia Sida qarTli"... (qarTlis cxovreba, I, 1955, s. yauxCiS-vilis red.).

Sida qarTli yovelTvis iyo qarTuli enisa dakulturis daurRveveli kera.

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qarTul istoriografiaSi vaxtang gorgasalis epoqagardatexis xanad aris aRiarebuli. am etapze mimdinareobdabrZola warmarTobisa da mazdeanobis winaaRmdeg. es iyobrZola ucxotomelTa winaaRmdegac da brZola feodalurisazogadoebis ganmtkicebisaTvis. erTgvarovani religia,risTvisac gorgasali ibrZoda, niSnavda imas, rom qveyana er-Ti ideologiis, erTi kulturis, enis msaxuri xdeboda.

Sida qarTlSi vaxtang gorgasalma aaSena samnavianibazilika mcxeTasa da urbnisSi mexuTe saukunis bolos.

amave epoqaSi vaxtangma qarTlis mTiswineTSi didiliaxvis auzSi, mdinaridan marcxena mxares sofel niqozSiaago RvTaebis gumbaTovani taZari. mematiane juanSeri aRniS-navs: `gorgasalma aRaSena eklesia niqozisa sagzebelsa Tanacecxlisasa da dasua episkopozi, sada igi efla guami wmidi-sa raJdenisi, romeli ewama sparsTa mier wyobasa vaxtangisa-sa"... (qarTlis cxovreba, I, s. yauxCiSvilis red.).

`ese raJdeni iyo mamaZuZu vaxtangis colisa, romeliigi pirveli moiyvana sparsTa mefis asuli da moiqca igiqristianed da iqmna igi didad morwmune da igi SeipyressparsTa da aiZulebdnen raTamca uareyo qriste, xolo manwmindaman aRirCia waruvali igi dideba da iwama qristesaT-vis" (s. kakabaZe, vaxtang gorgasali).

mefis gamiznuli politika naTelia; igi qristianulmonasters agebs swored im adgilas, sadac cecxlTayvanism-cemlebi ikribebodnen.

vaxuSti bagrationi amis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: `liaxvsgaRma, ars niqozis eklesia RvTaebisa didi, gumbaTovani,aRaSena gorgasal da dadva mas Sina guami wmidisa raJdenisa,manve gorgasal hyo saepiskopozod da dasua episkopozi, zisdResac mwyemsi kavkasianTa... glola RebiTurT"... erovnuliTviTSegnebis gaRviZebas xeli Seuwyo qristianulma reli-giam, erTiani enis, damwerlobis damkvidrebam, rac niqoziseklesiazec aris SemorCenili. taZris aRmosavleTis fa-sadze, sarkmlis zemoT, qvis TeTr filaze, gamoqandakebuliaoTxstriqoniani asomTavruli, reliefuri warwera, Casmu-li CarCoSi:

wmidao samebao zaqaria pirveli episkopozi Sei-wyale.

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samxreTis karis marjvniv, mrgvlovani asoebiT ikiTxe-ba: RmerTo Seiwyale friad codvili giorgi.

es warwerebi paleografiulad gansxvavebulia SidaqarTlis sxva warwerebisgan.

liaxvis xeobaSi gvxvdeba Zeglebi asomTavruli war-werebiT, oRond Semdgomi meSvide, merve, mecxre saukuneebi-sa. es Zeglebi rom amoeZirkvaT, Cveni mtrebi uZlurebi aR-moCndnen.

merab robaqiZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbi-lisis saxelmwifo universiteti)

termin ,,erTgulebis" etimologiisa daideisaTvis

(Zveli qarTuli da Zveli somxuri werilobiTiZeglebis monacemebis mixedviT)

1. Zveli qarTuli literaturis ZeglebSi (naTargmnsaTu originalurSi) vxvdebiT iseT magaliTebs, roca ,,guls"msazRvrel sityvad axlavs ,,erTi". ramdenime magaliTi:,,neSti igi israelisa guliTa erTiTa iyunes mefobad" ( 1nSt. 12, 38 ); ,,erTi ars guli misi da martivi" (mam. cx., 429);,,erTiTa guliTa getyvi" (flm., 293); vxvdebiT iseTSemTxvevasac, roca ,,erTi" msazRvrelad axlavs ,,gulsa" da,,gonebas": ,,simravlisa mis morwmuneTaÁsa iyo guli dagoneba erT" (saqm. 4,32). iakob curtavelis TxzulebaSi,,erTiTa guliTa" dasturdeba aseT konteqstSi: ,,yovladZliersa RmerTsa vadidebdiT, romeli yovliTa yovelTa mi-marT SemZlebel ars da ganamxnnis mamanica da dedanica daTvisTa maT TAsi igi Zlierebisa ZlevaÁ mihmadlis yovelTa,romelni eZieben mas erTiTa guliTa" (gv. 46); ,,iyo Beliuflisai micemad maTa guli erTi" (2 nSt. 30.12). es Sesity-veba gvxvdeba gviandel mwerlobaSic: ,,orgulTa da guliTerTiTa misTvis morTes ena qebiT" /n. ciciSvili/;,,erTmaneTis guliT gaviguladoT, erTis guliT, erTissuliT" (i. WavWavaZe)

2. Zveli aRTqmis ZeglebSi gvxvdeba agreTve cnebebi,,erTguli" da ,,erTguleba": ,,umjobes ars umecari, romeli

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vlides erTgulad" (igavTa, 19, 1); ,,Sen erTgul xar ZisaiesÂsa" (1 mf. 20, 30); ,,erTgul iyos eri ese Senda" (2 mf., 6,21); ,,erTgul iyvnes moqmedni igi" (4 mf., 12, 15); ,,iyos me-fisaTvis erTguli" (esT., 6, 9); ,,aravin maqus sxua erT-guli" (filip. 4, 3); ,,glocav Senca, erTgulsa TanameuR-lesa" (filip., 4,3); ,,vidodeT Cuen erT gulebiT saxlsaRmrTisasa" (fs. 54,15). 3. ,,erTi gulis" semantikaukavSirdeba ,,srul", ,,savse", ,,mTlian" guls. arsebiTi Si-naarsi am cnebisa aris ,,erToba", ,,erTianoba",,,erTarsoba". ,,erTis" ganuyoflobis idea TvalsaCinoaaseT magaliTSi: ,,ufali RmerTi Seni ufali erT ars" /aqmowodebulia RmerTis erTarsobis idea/ (mr. 12, 29).

3. "SuSanikis wamebaSi" dasturdeba Sesityveba "er-TiTa guliTa", agreTve kompoziti "erTguli". gviandelxelnawerTa angariSgawevis erT-erTi sayuradRebo magali-Tis nimuSia sityva "erTgulis” dadgena swor variantad, ma-Sin roca uZvelesi xelnaweri gvawvdis "guels”. "erTguliikiTxeba XVIII-XIX ss.-is 10 xelnawerSi. rodesac variantulwakiTxvebze vlaparakobT, mogviano xelnawerTa "sicocxli-sunarianobis” erT-erTi Zlieri argumentia "wamebis”teqstSi daculi "erTguli”, romelic uklebliv meordebayvela gviandel nusxaSi, nacvlad uZveles _ parxlis xelna-weris "guelisa”, romelic ignorirebulia `wamebis" kriti-kul gamocemebSi, sadac upiratesoba eniWeba "erTguls"

4. ,,erTguli" niSnavs erTi arsebis, erTi bunebis,erTiანი ganuyofeli "sakuTari niSneulobis" mqones, imas,rac Tavis TavSi gamTlianebulia, Senawevrebulia da ganuy-ofelia "erTobiT", "urRvevobiT". "erTgulebis" ideisaT-vis niSandoblivia "SeerTeba", SenivTeba. "sayuradReboaisic, rom "erTobis paralelur variantad gvxvdeba agreTve"erTsuli", rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom "erTgulis" semanti-kisaTvis niSandoblivia "erTsulovneba". SeerTebis,SekavSirebis ideas Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi ga-moxataven agreTve iseTi sityvebi, rogoricaa "erTzraxva","erTsityva", "erTi goneba" da am ideis matarebeli aqacaris ,,erTi"; sayuradReboa, rom "srul" sityvis idea "er-Tis" sinonimad gamoiyeneba.

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5. ,,erTgulebis" idea erTarsobaa, gamTlianebaa,SeerTebaa. sayuradReboa, rom Zvel somxur enaSi "erT-gulis" Sesatyvisad gvxvdeba Միամիտ ("miamit"=erTgoneba),Միաբան ("miaban"=erTi azriT dakavSirebuli, SeerTe-buli, "erTsityva"), Միաշունչ ("miaSunC"), Միահոգի ("mia-hogi"), Միանձն ("mianZn")="erTsuli". aqve dasturdebaՄիասիրտ ("miasirt"), romelic struqturuladac da se-mantikuradac sruli Sesatyvisia "erTgulisa" ("mi"=erTi,"sirt"=guli). am sityvas vxvdebiT V saukunis somxur lit-eraturaSi (agaTangelosi, lazare farpeci da sxva).

6. "erTguli" zneobrivi kategoriis cnebaa, SeicavsTavis TavSi gamTlianebuli pirovnebis ideas, romelic"erTgulebiT" miemarTeba sxvasac, anu pirovneba aris, erTimxriv, Sinaganad "erTguli"=gamTlianebuli da, meoremxriv, sxvisi "erTguli". Tu pirovneba sakuTar TavSi argamTlianda, verc sxvisi erTguli iqneba. sakuTar TavSigamTlianeba ki xdeba emociuri da racionaluri aspeqtebissafuZvelze, "gulisa" da "gonebis" SenivTebiT, riTac pirov-neba axorcielebs Tavisuflebis aqts, xdeba "Tavisufali".

rusudan saRinaZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelmwifouniversiteti)

palestinis qarTuli warwerebi da maTSimoxseniebuli erTi sakuTari saxeli

1. cnobilma qarTvelma Teologma da filosofosma,qristianuli neoplatonizmis fuZemdebelma petre iberma Vsaukunis pirvel naxevarSi palestinaSi, iudas udabnoSi,beTlemis maxloblad bir el-kuTis midamoebSi, xirbeT siiaral-Ranamis Crdilo-dasavleTiT aago monasteri, romelicqarTuli kulturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi kera iyo.petre iberTan erTad aq moRvaweobda misi gamzrdeli, Tana-moazre da megobari qarTveli filosofos-Teologi ioanelazi _ ioane qarTveli (miTridate, ieroTeosi). 1950-1952ww.-Si italieli arqeologis virjilio korbos eqspediciis

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mier qarTuli monastris nangrevebSi aRmoCenil iqna ramde-nime qarTuli warwera. erTi maTgani moRweulia dauzianeb-lad, meore da mesame ki _ fragmentebis saxiT. pirvelsmkvlevarebi miakuTvneben 532-552 wlebs, meore-mesames _ Vsaukunis I naxevars, daaxl. 440-ian wlebs (an 433 wels _ e.maWavariani).

2. palestinis warwerebi gamoirCeva sakuTar saxelTasiuxviT. maTi umravlesoba axsnilia mecnierTa mier. gamo-nakliss warmoadgens mesame warwera: `...da ZuZeulni maTnibakur da gri-ormizd..." aq moxseniebul saxelTa Soris yu-radRebas ipyrobs gri-ormizd (an: a. gri-or-mizdi _g. wereTeli; b. gri-orm-izd _ http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki;g. gri orm izd _ ARMAZI Project/Manana Tandashvili,Frankfurt/Tbilisi 2000). am saxelis Sesaxeb samecniero litera-turaSi gamoTqmulia sxvadasxva Sexeduleba: m. TarxniSvi-lis mosazrebiT, gri-ormizd saxelis pirveli nawili undawarmoadgendes Semoklebas giorgi an grigolisa; s. yauxCiS-vili saeWvod miiCnevs am saxelis grigolad wakiTxvas, radganaq da kavSiri aris erTi: bakur da gri-ormizd. aq gri-goli rom iyos, maSin unda gvqondes ori da kavSiri: bakurda gri da ormizd; g. wereTeli varaudobs, rom mesamewarweraSi unda iyos ara giorgi, aramed gri-or-mizdi. mi-si azriT, araferia moulodneli imaSi, rom es sityva arisiranuli, radganac iranuli sityvebi CvenSi mravlad arisgavrcelebuli ara marto qristianobis wina periodSi,aramed SemdegSiac. TviT palestinis qarTul warwerebSimoxsenebul pirTa saxelebis didi nawili iranulia. Tu viniyo gri-or-mizdi, teqstidan ar Cans, arc sxva wyaroebSimoipoveba mis Sesaxeb raime cnoba.

3. palestinis erT-erT warweraSi moxseniebuli sax-eli ormizdi (<spars. hormozdi = sikeTis RmerTi, ahu-ramazda, adamianis, planetis saxeli), romelic mkvlevarTamier miCneulia iranul samyarosTan saukunovani urTier-Tobis Sedegad, Cveni azriT, palestinis warweraSi moxve-drili unda iyos berZnuli gziT. berZnulSi dasturdebadaaxloebiT amave agebulebis sityva ormuzdi (Zvel spar-sul religiaSi: sinaTlisa da sikeTis RvTaeba, sparsuladahuramazda). ormizdi/ormuzdi saxelebis dakavSireba da

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varaudi berZnuli gziT warweraSi moxvedrisa emyareba mra-valsaukunovan berZnul-qarTul istorias, qristianultradicias, agreTve imave warwerebSi moxseniebul sxva berZ-nul saxelebs. aseTia, magaliTad, antoni abai (winamZRo-li).

4. sxvadasxva mosazrebaTa safuZvelze SeiZleba daSve-bul iqnes ramdenime varianti. maT Soris arCevans SevaCerebTor variantze. esaa, erTi mxriv, bakuri da ormizdi(gri- nawilakia _ g. wereTeli), meore mxriv ki _ bakurida grigoli (ormizdi) _ sikeTis RmerTebad wodebuli, e.i.ormizdi _ sikeTis RmerTi aq aris epiTeti an zedwodeba. igiberZnulis gziT unda iyos moxvedrili palestinis mesamewarweraSi.

manana tabiZe (Tbilisi. iberiul-kavkasiuri centri)

enobrivi situacia I-VI saukuneebis saqarTveloSiistoriul-literaturuli wyaroebisa

da dokumentebis mixedviT

I-VI saukuneebis saqarTvelos enobrivi situaciisdaxasiaTebisaTvis kvlevis warmoeba ramdenime mimarTule-biT SeiZleba. es mimarTulebebia:

1. qarTuli epigrafikuli Zeglebisa da uZvelesiwerilobiTi nimuSebis enobrivi analizi saliteraturoqarTulis standartizebulobis TvalsazrisiT; saqarTve-los (da ara marto saqarTvelos) sxvadasxva kuTxeSi aRmoCe-nili faqtobrivi masala aSkarad miuTiTebs myar salitera-turo normaTa arsebobaze, rac mxolod sagangebo enobrivipolitikis safuZvelze SeiZleba ganxorcielebuliyo.

2. Zvel qarTul istoriul-literaturul teqs-tebSi mocemuli im msjelobebis analizi, romlebic exebasaqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gavrcelebul ucxo enebsada maT socialur-politikur Tu kulturul rols qveyana-Si; am masalaSi naTlad Cans enobrivi kontaqtebis xasiaTi,qarTvel mwignobarTa da warCinebulTa ganswavluloba uc-xo enebSi; I-VI saukuneebis enobrivi situacia saqarTve-losTvis intensiuri politikuri da kulturuli kontaq-

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tebis fonzea Camoyalibebuli (es kontaqtebi moicavs romsada sparseTs, somxeTsa da xazareTs, saberZneTsa da asureTs...(l. mroveli: “somxuri, qarTuli, xazaruli, asuruli,ebrauli da berZnuli. ese enani icodes yovelTa mefeTaqarTlisaTa, mamaTa da dedaTa”);

3. qarTuli originaluri mwerlobisa da mTargmne-lobiTi saqmis ganviTarebaze mimaniSnebeli informaciebi(mag., “Tana waritana evangelY TAsi da wmidani igi wignni mo-wameTani” ("SuSanikis wameba”);

4. istoriul-literaturul dokumentebSi xazgas-mulia is faqti, rom qristianuli sarwmunoebisaken mimavaligza araqarTvelTaTvis qarTuli enisa da qarTuli mwigno-brobis Seswavlaze gadioda mag., qarTulad rjuls naziarebi(gaqristianebuli) sparselebi axal, sulier cxovrebasqarTvelebad iwyebdnen (“...erTsa guSnak hrqvian da erTsabaxdiad, erTsa burzo. erTsa panaguSnasp, erTsa perozak,erTsa zarmil, erTsa stefane” ("evstaTe mcxeTelis martvi-loba”).

5. I-VI saukuneebis saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebe-li enobrivi kontaqtebis Seswavla; politikuri viTarebisSesabamisad enobrivi kontaqtebis xasiaTi araerTgvarovaniCans: a) ucxo enebi kulturuli komunikaciis saSualebadganixileba da maT Seswavlas eswrafvian didgvarovanni dasamRvdeloni; b) ucxo enebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebaxdeba politikurad angariSgasawev ucxoqveynelebTan mSvi-dobiani kontaqtebis damyarebis mizniT; g) sagangebo viTa-rebas gviCvenebs kavkasiis mkvidr mosaxleobasTan Camoyali-bebuli enobrivi urTierTobebi, rasac agreTve akvirdebianZveli qarTveli mwignobrebi; d) ucxo enebis gavlenis zrdakontroldeba qarTuli enis yovel axal codnasTan misada-gebiTa da intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis xelSewyo-biT.

neli ugrexeliZe (quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriulimuzeumi)

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saqarTvelos politikuri mdgomareobaIII-VI saukuneebSi numizmatikuri

masalis mixedviT

saqarTvelo didmniSvnelovan gzajvaredinze mdeba-reobda da amitom mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze igimudam imyofeboda kulturul samyaroSi mimdinare mniSvne-lovan movlenaTa SuagulSi. Cveni miwa-wyali uxvadaa mofe-nili numizmatikuri ZeglebiT, romelTa cvalebadoba daTanmimdevroba zustad asaxavs Cveni samSoblos istorias,cxadia, am TiTqos umniSvnelo da SeumCnevel nimuSebs sa-qarTvelos istoriis SeswavlisaTvis uaRresad didi mniSv-neloba aqvs.

Zveli moneta yvela sainteresoa, magram CvenTvis gan-sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is numizmatikuri masala, ro-melic III-VI saukuneebs moicavs. jer kidev I saukuneSi daupi-rispirda erTmaneTs romisa da parTiis saxelmwifoebi. maTidapirispirebis mTavari mizezi msoflio savaWro-satranzito gzaze gabatoneba iyo _ aRmosavleTSi indoeT-sa da CineTSi, dasavleTiT ki tigrosisa da evfratis xeobiTxmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze. aRsaniSnavia, rom indoeTidanwamosuli msoflio mniSvnelobis didi savaWro-satranzitogza mcxeTaze gadioda. mcxeTa oTxi mxridan momavali gzisSesayars warmoadgenda. amitom es saxelmwifoebi erTnairadiyvnen dainteresebuli amierkavkasiiT, kerZod, saqarTvelo-Ti.. am qveynebTan politikuri da savaWro-ekonomikuri ur-TierTobis Sedegad, saqarTveloSi erTis mxriv parTulimonetebi Semovida da gavrcelda, meore mxriv, mis parale-lurad, romauli monetebi.

ganuwyvetelma omebma romTan da agreTve Sinaurmaareulobam Ziri gamouTxara parTiis Zlierebas da III sauku-neSi mis nangrevebze aRorZinda sasanuri iranis Zlieri sax-elmwifo, romelic xmelTaSua zRvaSi gasvlasa da mTelamierkavkasiaSi gabatonebas cdilobda.

IV saukunidan kavkasia da masTan erTad saqarTveloiranisa da bizantiis permanentuli qiSpoba-metoqeobis as-parezad iqca. gavlenis sferos gafarToebas orive imperianebismieri saSualebiT cdilobda da maT orTabrZolaSi sa-qarTvelo Tavisdauneburad aRmoCnda CarTuli. saqarTve-loSi didi raodenobiTaa daculi am periodis sasanuri

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iranisa da bizantiis monetebi. maTi Seswavla SesaZleblobasiZleva, gairkves saqarTvelos politikuri da savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierToba am qveynebTan. saerTod, numizma-tikur Zeglebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni qveynis warsulisSeswavlisaTvis, kidev ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da-savleT saqarTveloSi da, kerZod, quTaisSi aRmoCenil mone-tebs, radgan isini quTaisis istoriis Seswavlas emsaxureba.mTeli Tavisi mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze quTaisimudam asrulebda erT-erT wamyvan rols saqarTvelos po-litikur Tu ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. amaze metyvelebs ismravalricxovani monetebi, romlebic aq aris napovni.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba,rom TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTveloSi sasanuri monetebiar iyo mimoqcevaSi; kerZod, mkvlevarTa azriT, es monetebiupiratesad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli.

quTaisis muzeumis numizmatikis fondSi daculiarogorc parTiisa da romis, aseve bizantiisa da sasanuriiranis monetebi; mag., sasanuri monetebi dadasturda bagra-tis taZris teritoriaze arqeologiuri samuSaoebis mimdi-nareobisas. es faqti mianiSnebs, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSidasavleT saqarTveloSic iyo iranis gavlena.

samecniero literaturaSi dafiqsirebulia, rom VIsaukunis dasasruls qarTlSi moiWra sasanuri tipisvercxlis monetebi, romlebic cnobilia qarTul-sasanurimonetebis saxeliT. es monetebi sasanianTa iranis mmarTve-lebis hormizd IV-isa da xosro II-is monetebis imitaciaa. ammonetebze iranis Sahis gverdiT gaCnda qarTuli zedwerili,xolo iranuli wminda cecxlis nacvlad qristianuli sim-bolo _ jvris gamosaxuleba. Cveni azriT, nakleb savaraudoa,V saukuneSi qarTlis samefoSi moWriliyo qarTuli moneta.radganac aseTi monetebi mxolod ramdenime aTeuli caliamoRweuli, SesaZlebelia, es monetebi farTo mimoqcevisTvisar iyo gankuTvnili.

tariel futkaraZe (quTaisi. akaki wereTlis saxelm-wifo universiteti)

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I-VI saukuneebis qarTlis samefos dasavleTinawili (egrisi, suaneTi; margveTi, argueTi...)

lingvokulturuli TvalsazrisiT("qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT)

qarTvelTa istoriuli sacxovrisi - kavkasionisstrategiuli gadasasvlelebisa da evraziuli gzajvaredine-bis mqone saqarTvelo - uZvelesi droidan dRemde didgeopolitikur moTamaSeTa dapirispirebis obieqtia.

II-I aTaswleulebSi gareSe mtrebTan brZolis pro-cesSi qarTveluri tomebis konsolidaciiT ramdenime same-fo warmoiqmna. qarTvel mematianeTa cnobiT, IV-III saukunee-bisTvis ukve mwignobruli kulturis mqone erTianiqarTuli saxelmwifo arsebobs.

Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs swamdaT erTi RmerTi;Semdeg dakarges ra rwmena, "yovelni qarTvelni" "iqmnes msax-ur mzisa da mTovarisa da varskulavTa xuTTa, da mtkice daufro saficari maTi iyo saflavi qarTlosisi" (aq xom arigulisxmeba RvTaeba: qarTu/xaldi?). saqarTveloSi Semox-iznuli veluri tomebis gavleniT Zv.w. pirveli aTaswleu-lis Sua periodSi "yovelTa qarTvelTac" "ipyres sjuliuborotesi". aleqsandre didis dros qarTvelebi isev dau-brundnen mzis, mTovarisa da xuTi varskulavis pativiscemas"da hmsaxurobdnen RmerTsa uxilavsa, dambadebelsa yoveli-sasa". Semdeg azom SemoiRo kerpTayvanismcemloba (gaci, gai-mi), farnavazma ki - armazis kulti.

qarTlma - qarTvelTa qveyanam - I-VI saukuneebSic mra-vali brZola da krizisi gadaitana; paralelurad, xSiri iyopolitikuri Tu religiuri orientirebis cvaleba; kerZod,aRsaniSnavia:

imdroindeli ori didi imperiis - romisa da iranis - da-pirispireba erTmaneTTan saqarTvelos gamo;

berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola sparselebTan;

sparselebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZola berZnebTan;

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sparselebisa da berZnebis daxmarebiT qarTvelebis brZo-la Crdiloel barbaros tomebTan da sxv.

sirTuleebis miuxedavad, I saukunidan VII saukunismeore naxevramde (arabobamde) periodSi qarTlis ("yo-velTa qarTvelTa") saxelmwifos mesveurebma ara mxolodsakuTari miwa-wyali, mwignobroba da erTiani saxelmwi-foebrioba SeinarCunes, aramed SeZles ufro mkafiod Ca-moeZerwaT erovnuli TviTmyofadoba; kerZod, qarTule-novani samwignobro kulturis ganviTarebiT, aseve, jerqarTvelur (tomobriv) warmarTobas, armazis kults, maz-deanobasa da qristianobas, Semdeg ki monofizitobas(/nestorianelobas, zenonis henotikons) da diofizitobasSoris swori arCevanis gakeTebiT Seiqmna qarTvelTa erov-nuli meobis (identobis) dRemde urRvevi saZirkveli.

amgvari daskvnis safuZvels bevri istoriuli wyaroTu Tanamedrove kvleva qmnis. miuxedavad amisa, "saqarTvelosistoriis narkvevebsa" Tu TiTqmis yvela oficialur sax-elmZRvaneloSi istoriuli qarTlis samefos sazRvrebsgareTaa datovebuli amJamindeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo -Zveli egrisi; kerZod:

egrisis saxelmwifoebrivi istoriisa da eno-brivi situaciis Sesaxeb Tvalsazrisebi or jgufad SeiZ-leba warmovadginoT:

I. tradiciul qarTul xedvaze dafuZnebuli:"qarTlis cxovrebis" koncefciis (romelsac amyarebs

zogi ucxouri wyaroc) kvalad, Tanamedrove mecnierTa erTinawilis daskvniT Zv.w. IV-III saukuneebidan mainc arsebobsqarTvelTa erTiani saxelmwifo, romelic I-VI saukuneebSi(da Semdgomac) moicavs dRevandeli saqarTvelos terito-rias da tao-klarjeTis saxeliT cnobil istoriul samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos (lazeTi rizemde mainc, nigali, Sav-SeT-imerxevi, eruSeTi, orive tao, speri); I-IV saukuneebSiqarTlis Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari iyo mdinare RaliZga,xolo V saukuneSi vaxtang gorgasalma berZnebisgan legiti-

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murad miiRo teritoria RaliZgidan klisuramde. I-VI sau-kuneebis saqarTveloSi qarTvelebs erTi dedaena hqon-daT, romelic amave dros iyo qarTlis (istoriuli saqarT-velos) sazRvrebSi saxelmwifo da saeklesio ena.

II. XIX-XX saukuneebSi Camoyalibebuli:mecnierTa meore nawilis azriT, ax.w. XI saukunemde

saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebobda sul mcire, ori sax-elmwifo: dasavleT saqarTveloSi - egrisi anu lazika daaRmosavleT saqarTveloSi - qarTli anu iberia. amave pe-riodSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs ramdenime ena (qarTuli, me-gruli, lazuri, svanuri, marguli...) hqondaT; saeklesioenad ki aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo qarTuli, xolo da-savleT saqarTveloSi - berZnuli...

tradiciuli qarTuli wyaroebisa da bevri sxva uc-xouri cnobis sruli ignorirebiT Seqmnili es ukanasknelimosazreba gabatonebul Teoriad iqca sabWoTa periodSi;mag., ix. "saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebis" I da II tomebi,sadac qarTlisa da egrisis "samefoebis" istoria uZvelesidroidan vidre XI saukunemde cal-calkea aRwerili (ix.,agreTve, n. lomouris, d. musxeliSvilisa da sxvaTa naSrome-bi).

sabWoTa istoriografiis mizani ar iyo, mravalric-xovani qarTuli Tu sxvaenovani wyaroebiT dabalansebuliyoberZnul-romauli winaaRmdegobrivi cnobebi saqarTvelosSesaxeb; Sesabamisad, evropis istoriis Tanamedrove akade-

miur rukebzec (http://www.euratlas.com/summary.htm) saqarT-velos dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi nawilebi XIII saukunemdeerTmaneTisgan damoukidebel samefoebadaa warmodgenili;zog rukaze dasavleT saqarTveloSi ori saxelmwifocaa;Sdr., mag., evropis III saukunis rukaze

(http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/300/index.html) damoukide-beli saxelmwifoebia: lazika, kolxeTi da iberia:

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msgavsi sqemebiTaa agebuli bolo periodSi saqarT-veloSi gamoqveynebuli rukebis umravlesobac. samwuxaro isufroa, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" axal gamocemebSi "qar-Tlis cxovrebis" avtorTa (mematianeTa) cnobebis sapiris-piro Sinaarsis rukebia CarTuli. mag., axlaxan akad. r. me-trevelis redaqtorobiT gamocemul "qarTlis cxovrebis"rusul variantSi aris ruka, romelzec I-IV saukuneebis sa-qarTvelo daSlilad - qarTlisa da egrisis (/lazikis) orsamefod - aris warmodgenili da maT Soris sazRvrad CaT-vlilia lixis qedi (r. metreveli, 2008, gv. 104-105); arada,qarTvel mematianeTa mixedviT, am dros egrisi qar-Tlis samefos organuli nawilia.

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am fonze gasakviri ar aris, rom evrokavSiris mxarda-WeriT Seqmnili saerTaSoriso sagamoZiebo komisiis daskvnismixedviTac (Tavmjdomare - Sveicarieli diplomati heiditaliavini) TiTqosda me-11 saukunemde ar arsebobs er-Tiani saqarTvelo da erTiani qarTveli eri; Sdr.,evrokavSiris am komisiis daskvnis mixedviT, qarTveli naciisarakonsolidirebulobas sxva mizezebTan erTad ganapi-robebs qarTulisgan gansxvavebuli megruli, lazuri da sva-nuri "enebis" arseboba (http://www.ceiig.ch/Report.html; tomi, II, gv. 2).

Sdr.: sinamdvileSi, megrel-lazTa, svanTa, mesxTa TufxovelTa makonsilidirebeli mravalsaukunovani fenome-nia ara mxolod saerTo warmomavloba da saerTo istori-uli mexsiereba, aramed saerTi dedaena (qarTuli!) da sam-wignobro kultura - qarTuli saliteraturi ena; racSeexeba megrul-lazurs Tu svanurs: es metyvelebani(idiomebi) qarTvelTa saerTo enis - erovnuli enis - adgi-lobrivi saxesxvaobani (dialeqtebi) arian da ara eTnosebisTu subeTnosebis damoukidebeli enebi.

Tanamedrove (XXI saukunis) istorikosTa umravle-sobac ratomRac brmad iziarebs mosazrebas saukuneebis man-

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Zilze egrisisa da qarTlis samefoebis sxvadasxvaobebis Se-saxeb. araiSviaTad, mcdari daskvnebis safuZvelia gaumar-Tlebeli terminologiuri aRrevebi; mag., me-20 saukune-Si ratomRac sinonimebad gamocxadda, erTi mxriv, terminebi:"kolxeTi", "lazika", "egrisi", meore mxriv ki: "qarTli","iberia"; Tanac, sxvadasxva politikur-saxelmwifoebrivisivrcis aRmniSvnel am terminTagan upiratesoba mieniWaberZnul-romaul gaazrebebs; Sdr.:

"qarTlis cxovrebiseuli" qoronimi qarTli aRmo-savleT saqarTvelos garda moicavs: egriss, margveTs, taos,klarjeTs, afxazeTs; berZnuli warmoSobis qoronimi iberiaki strabonis mixedviT mxolod aRmosavleTi saqarTveloa.

ori terminis sinonimad gamocxadeba mxolod imSemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, Tuki mocemuli sityvaformebiT(aRmniSvneliT) erTi da igive obieqti (aRsaniSni) aris aR-niSnuli. mocemul SemTxvevaSi terminebis: mroveliseuli"qarTlisa" da straboniseuli "iberiis" gaTanabreba SeuZ-lebelia, ramdenadac maTi semantikuri plani sxvadasxvaa.

sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri warmonaqm-nis aRmniSvnelia agreTve terminebi: kolxida, lazika daegrisi. pirvel rigSi, zemoT warmodgenili evropuli rukisavtorTa gasagonad vityvi, rom erTdroulad arasodes ar-sebula kolxeTisa da lazikis samefoebi. ucxouri wyaroe-bica da kolxuri arqeologiuri kulturis sazRvrebi cxa-dyofs, rom Zveli kolxeTi gacilebiT vrcelia, vidre gvian-deli lazika. aseve, miuxedavad imisa, rom lazikac da egris-ic sxvadasxva periodSi dasavleT saqarTvelos aRsaniSnavadgamoiyeneba, SeuZlebelia lazikisa da egrisis gamocxadebasinonimebad, vinaidan ucxouri warmoSobis sityvaformalazika aRniSnavs bizantiisgan dapyrobil teritorias -qarTvelTa sacxovriss, romelsac bizantiis moxele marTavs.V-VI saukuneebSi termini lazika ZiriTadad gulisxmobsteritorias trapizonidan rizemde (raRac periodSi - xo-famde/goniomde) da ara - centralur dasavleT saqarTvelos.

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Sdr.: qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, samwignobroqarTulis yalibiT warmoqmnili sityvaformiT (egrisi)aRniSnuli miwa-wyali ki (centraluri dasavleT saqarTve-lo!) qarTlis mefis "sauxuceso teritoriaa" - samefo gva-ris uxucesis piradi sakuTrebaa.

ismis kiTxva: meti ndoba ratom unda gamovucxadoTnaxevrad legendur, qronologiurad fragmentul da,araiSviaTad, bundovan berZnul-romaul istoriul cnobebs,vidre mravalsaukunovan da qronologiurad Tanamimde-vrul istoriul qarTul wyaroebs (romlebic metwiladsando cnobebs Seicaven)?

qarTuli wyaroebidan gamomdinare (romelTac mxarsuWers ucxouri wyaroebic), ar arsebobs araviTari logiku-ri safuZveli, I-VI saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTveloscentraluri nawili qarTlis samefosgan damoukidebladarsebul e.w. kolxeT-egris-lazikis samefos centrad gamo-vacxadoT.

istoriul periodSi Zveli egrisi (simbolurad,egrosis wili egrisi) or nawiladaa warmosadgeni: didi na-wili qarTlis samefos nawilia, mcire ki SeiZleba ganvix-iloT, rogorc e.w. lazika; Sdr.:

1. qarTlis saerisTavoebi: centraluri egrisi(zRvamde), margveTi/argueTi (zRvamde), klarjeTi (zRvamde),oZrxes nawili - aWara (zRvamde);

2. bizantiis imperiis gavlenis veli:2.1. teritoria RaliZgas CrdiloeTiT (qarTuli

wyaroebis mcire afxazeTi);2.2. Zveli WaneTi - lazika: teritoria rizedan tra-

pizonamde.rogorc wesi, mocemuli xalxis (Tu saxelmwifos) is-

toria ramdenimegvarad iwereba: saxelmwifos lideris nebismixedviT (ix., mag., prokopi kesarielis ormagi standarti);mocemuli saxelmwifos interesebis Sesabamisad; mocemulisaxelmwifos mezoblis Tu dampyroblis interesebis Sesaba-misad; iSviaTad, akademiurad. radikaluri subieqturobiT

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gaazrebuli istoria mudam iqneba mRvrie wyaliseriozuli konfliqtebis provocirebisaTvis. globalurisainformacio qselis mqone Tanamedrove msoflioSi ufroiolia, daiweros ama Tu im regionis/saxelmwifos dabalanse-buli da maqsimalurad obieqturi istoria, romelic sta-bilurobis erT-erT berketad unda iqces.

samwuxarod, Tanamedrove msoflioSi saqarTvelos Se-saxeb gabatonebulia ZiriTadad imperiuli an mezoblebis"aTvlis sistemebidan" danaxuli istoriografiuli xedvebi.Sesabamisad, aucilebelia, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mierdroulad dafinansdes depolitizebuli (arasabWouri)qarTvelologiuri kvlevebi da akademiuri istoriuli ru-kebi, romlebic droulad ganTavsdeba saerTaSoriso qsel-Si. aseve, akademiur samecniero wreebsa da saerTaSorisoeqspertebs saswrafod unda miewodos Zveli qarTveli mema-tianeebis cnobebis bazaze Seqmnili istoriuli rukebic;mag., "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT I-VI saukuneebis saqarT-velos (qarTlis) ruka daaxloebiT ase unda gamoiyure-bodes:

vfiqrob, dRes ukve SesaZlebelia kavkasiurisaxelmwifoebis akademiuri wreebis iseTi erToblivikomisiebis amoqmedeba, romlebic istoriul wyaroTa dadokumentTa SejerebiT Seqmnian regionis enobrivi,

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eTnokulturuli da politikuri istoriis akademiursamecniero gamokvlevebsa Tu saxelmZRvaneloebs.

daskvnis saxiT:1. "saqarTvelos istoriis "narkvevebSi", saxel-

mZRvaneloebsa Tu enciklopediur cnobarebSi saqarTvelosistoriis "mTavar kalapotad" ar unda iyoswarmodgenili politizebuli Tvalsazrisi, rom,TiTqos, VII saukunemde cal-calke arsebobda egrisisa daqarTlis samefoebi, romelTac istoriis garda,gansxvavebuli hqondaT saxelmwifo Tu saeklesio ena,mosaxleobis dedaena, zogadad, kultura;

2. "qarTlis cxovrebis" safuZvelze droulad daaxleburad unda daiweros qarTveli erisa dasaqarTvelos oficialuri istoria; bunebrivia, igi undadazustdes/Seivsos sxvaenovani sarwmuno cnobebiTa dalingvistur-eTnologiur-kulturologiuri Tu arqeolo-giur-anTropologiuri Tanamedrove kvlevebis SedegebiT.

giorgi qavTaraZe (Tbilisi. ivane javaxiSvilis isto-riisa da eTnologiis instituti)

termin "arian-qarTlis" ganmartebisaTvis

ara mxolod "arian-qarTlisaTvis” misadagebul wi-naelinisturi xanis speris olqSi ar ikveTeba sparselTapolitikuri batonobisa Tu eTnikuri dominirebis raimegansakuTrebuli nakvalevi, rac saSualebas mogvcemda gvefi-qra am mxaris sparselobisa Tu arielobis sasargeblod,aramed, arc sakuTriv termin "arian-qarTlSi” gamoyenebulsityvas _ "arians” aqvs, Cveni azriT, Sexebis raime wertilisparsul samyarosTan.

qarTvelTa warmomavlobis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi ua-Rresad sayuradReboa babilonis mefis nabuqodonosor II-is(Zv. w. 605-562 ww.) mier afrikisa (libiisa) da pirenes nax-evarkunZulis (iberiis) dalaSqvrisa da iqidan wamoyvanili

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tyveebis pontos gadaRma mdebare iberiaSi, anu kavkasiaSi da-saxlebis Sesaxeb arsebuli cnoba, romelic, TviT klasikurixanis mweralTa miTiTebis Tanaxmad, miewereboda istori-koss, geografossa da diplomats megasTenes (daaxl. Zv. w.350-290 ww.). es cnoba Semonaxulia evsebi kesarielis (daaxl.263-339 ww.) TxzulebebSi. kerZod, mis `saxarebisadmi wina-momzadebaSi", naTqvamia: `vpove me agreTve abidenosis Txzu-lebaSi àsurelTa Sesaxeb" nabuqodonosorze Semdegi: me-gasTene ambobs, rom nabuqodonosori herakleze ufro Zle-vamosili iyo, libiasa da iberiaze gailaSqra, daeufla damaTi nawili pontos marjvniv daasaxla".

gadmocema nabuqodonosoris mier afrikisa (libia)da pirenes mTagrexilis samxreTiT mdebare iberiis naxevar-kunZulis (iberia) dalaSqvris Sesaxeb, r,a Tqma unda legen-darulia. am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia g.meliqiSvilis SeniSvna, rom megasTenes cnobaSi, nabuqodo-nosoris mier libiisa da iberiis dalaSqvrisa da iqidan wa-moyvanili tyve-iberebis pontos marjvniv mdebare mxareSi da-saxlebis Sesaxeb, SesaZloa asaxuli iyos realuri informa-cia nabuqodonosoris mier ebraelTa samSoblodan ayrisSesaxeb. cnobilia, rom man Zv. w. 597 da 586 ww. iudeis same-fodan babilonSi gadaasaxla adgilobrivi mosaxleobisrCeuli nawili da egvipteSic gailaSqra; zogierTTa azriT,iudeidan ltolvili ebraelebis dasatyveveblad.

amasTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoe-ba, rom saxelwodeba ìberias" zogierTi mecnieri im ebrau-li sityvidan miRebulad miiCnevs, romelic unda aRniS-navdes cnebas _ ìqiTa mxare" (mTis iqiTa mxare _ kavkasiisiberia, zRvis iqiTa _ iberiis (pirenes) naxevarkunZulis).bibliuri monacemebis mixedviT saxelwodeba "eber”-i, amas-Tanave, ebraelTa winaprisa da eponimis aRmniSvnelia.

sayuradReboa, rom X saukunis Sua xanebis kavkasieliberTa anu qarTvelTa SexedulebiT, isini STamomavlebiyofilan ierusalimidan wamosuli xalxisa da arafersiuwyebodnen maTi winaprebis pirenes naxevarkunZulis ibe-riidan gadmosaxlebis Taobaze. cnoba amis Sesaxeb Semonax-ulia bizantiis imperatoris konstantine VII porfiroge-netis (905-959 ww.) TxzulebaSi ”imperiis mmarTvelobis Se-saxeb”; am cnobis Tanaxmad: “iberielebi mogviTxroben, rom

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maTi tomi ierusalimidan aris warmoSobili da, rom isiniwamovidnen ierusalimidan RvTis brZanebis momaswavebelisizmrebis CvenebiT da daesaxlnen sparseTis mxareebTan, e. i.qveyanaSi, sadac amJamad mkvidroben... vinaidan iberielebi,rogorc TviTve amboben, STamomavlobiT ierusalimidanarian, amis gamo maT aqvT didi siyvaruli misi da uflisa ie-so qristes saflavisa da gansazRvrul droebSi uxvad ugzav-nian fuls wminda qalaqis patriarqsa da iqaur qristianebs".

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom konstantine porfiroge-netis informacias exmianeba leonti mrovelis "mefeTa cxo-vreba”, romelic, Tumca ki ara iberTa, aramed ebraelTaqarTlSi gamoCenas ukavSirebs nabuqodonosoris mier ieru-salimis aRebas: "nabuqodonosor mefeman warmostyuena ie-rusalimi, da muniT otebulni uriani movides qarTls, damoiTxoves mcxeTeli mamasaxlisisagan queyana xarkiTa. miscada dasxna aragusa zeda, wyarosa, romelsa hqAan zanavi da ro-meli queyana aqunda maT xarkiTa, aw hqAan xerk xarkisa mis-TAs". aq yuradRebas ipyrobs is garemoeba, rom qarTuli ma-tianis monacemebis Tanaxmad, “urianni”, iseve, rogorc kons-tantine porfirogenetis TxzulebaSi “iberielni” nabuqo-donosors ki ar gamohyavs ierusalimidan, aramed qalaqis mo-saxleobis datyvevebis Semdeg, iqidan (da ara pirenes ibe-riidan) ltolvilni, Tavad modian qarTlSi. qarTuli ma-tianis cnoba migvaniSnebs, rom konstantine porfirogenetis"iberielebi” ierusalimidan wamosuli ebraelebis STamo-mavlebad arian miCneulni.

savaraudoa, rom megasTenes xanisaTvis arsebuli geo-politikuri viTarebidan da elinisturi xanisaTvis damax-asiaTebeli samyaros ufro farTo, globaluri xedvis gamo,ebraelTa Zveli saxelwodeba "eber”-i gaazrebuli iqna "ibe-riad” anu pirenes iberiis aRmniSvnelad da Sesabamisad amisa,nabuqodonosoris mier "eberTa qveynidan” datyvevebuli mo-saxleobis wamoyvanis Sesaxeb gadmocema, iudeis qveynisa daegviptes nacvlad, ukve dafiqsirda pirenes iberiisa da misimomijnave afrikis anu libiis mimarT da gadaiqca gadmocemadbabilonis mefis laSqrobis Sesaxeb pirenes (dasavleTis)iberiasa da libiaze. amave dros, dasavleTis iberebis aRmo-savleTSi gadmosaxlebis Taobaze arsebulma Sexedulebam,romelic ZiriTadad ori iberiis saxelwodebebis identu-

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robis safuZvelze iyo aRmocenebuli, Tavis mxriv ganapirobanabuqodonosoris mier viTomda dalaSqruli “herkulesissvetebis” mxaridan, anu pirenes iberiiidan da libiidan, da-tyvevebuli mosaxleobis pontos aRmosavleTiT gadmosaxle-bis Taobaze legendis Camoyalibeba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom movses xorenacisaTvisàrian-qarTli” ucnobia. misi gadmocemiT, darehis naxararimihrdati wamoiyvana aleqsandre didma da mTavrad dausvanabuqodonosoris mier libielTa da iverTa qveynebidantyved moyvanil da pontos zRvis marjvena mxares dasaxlebuliverielTa modgmas. vinaidan, movses xorenaci SeniSnavs, romiveria (veria) qveynierebis dasavleT sazRvarze mdebareobshttp://www.geocities.com/komblema/tomta.htm?20098 - _ftn325#_ftn325,aSkara xdeba, rom iveriaSi igi pirenes naxevarkunZuls gu-lisxmobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom movses xorenacis“somxeTis istoriaSi” qarTvelTa pirvelsacxovrisis saxeli(qarTuli wyaroebis “arian-qarTli”) gamotovebuli ki araris, aramed warmodgenilia mematianis mier xmarebuli ter-minis “veriis” saxiT, romelic qveynierebis dasavleT sazR-varze mdebareobs; misTvis àrian-qarTli" “veria” anu pi-renes iberiaa; es bunebrivicaa, misi ZiriTadi wyaro xom evse-bi kesarielis Txzuleba iyo.

amave sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, gasaTvaliswinebeli Cans,g. meliqiSvilis mier gamoTqmuli varaudi, rom àrian-qarTlis" àriani" SesaZloa "pireneis” (pirenes) damaxinjebisSedegad iyos miRebuli. rogorc vnaxeT, antikur xanaSi gad-mocema pontosTan mcxovrebi iberebis dasavleTis iberiidangadmosaxlebis Taobaze, sakmaod farTod iyo gavrcelebulida savsebiT mosalodnelia mas Taviseburi asaxva qarTul ma-tianeSic epovna; ar aris gamoricxuli, rom termini àrian-qarTli" “pirenes-iberiis” gadmoqarTulebuli forma yo-filiyo. mxedvelobaSi maqvs is garemoeba, rom Zveli qarTu-li samwerlobo tradiciis mixedviT, saxelwodeba “ibe-rielni”, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi “qarTve-lebad” iTargmneboda; ase, magaliTad, eqvTime mTawmindelis(daaxl. 955-1028 ww.) mier pirenes naxevarkunZulze mcxo-vrebi keltiberebis saxelwodeba Targmnilia, rogorc“kelt-qarTvelni dasavlisani”. Zvel qarTvel mwignobar-

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TaTvis cnobili iqneboda gadmocema kavkasiel iberTa pi-renes iberiidan gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb da savaraudoa, romarian-qarTliT gamosul qarTvelTa winaprebSi maT espane-Tidan anu spaniidan gamosulni egulisxmaT.

"arian-qarTlis” problema ZiriTadad mainc termi-nologiuri xasiaTis Cans da igi sxvadasxva wyaroebSi gamoye-nebuli terminebis aRrevis Sedegad unda iyos aRmocenebu-li. cneba "arian-qarTli”, Cveni azriT, wminda mwignobruligziT Seqmnili fiqciaa, romelsac safuZvlad udevs mxolodda mxolod ori iberiis (dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis) sax-elwodebaTa igiveoba.

revaz Serozia (zugdidis damoukidebeli universiteti)

qarTveluri enobrivi sistemaarabobamdel periodSi

1. eniT vxedavT, eniT gvesmis, eniT vgrZnobT, gu-lisxmobs: azrovnebis arsebobis erTaderTi wyaro enaa, Se-sabamisad, adamianis arsebobisac. enobriv sistemaSi cvli-leba avtomaturad cvlis azrovnebas anu msoflaRqmas. imav-droulad, sistemaSi cvlileba azrovnebis "moTxovnilebis"mizeziT xdeba.

2. qarTvelur sistemaSi deiqsacia da orientaciaazrovnebis erTsa da imave "moTxovnas" emyareba. sistemis esorive struqturuli elementi saliteraturo variantSi,Cans, icvala arabobamdel periodSi, orwevra elementi sam-wevra gaxda. amave dros sistemis zanur variantSi SenarCune-bulia amosavali viTareba.

3. am da sxva elementebis analizi saSualebas gvaZlevsvivaraudoT: quji-farnavazis epoqaSi unda momxdariyo qarT-veluri sistemis "administraciuli" gadaadgileba dasav-leTidan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. amave dros unda dawye-buliyo saistorio mwerloba, xolo axali welTaRricxvisdasawyisidan bibliuri wignebis Targmna da originaluriliteraturis Seqmna.

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4. sistemis arqauli elementebis arseboba zanur me-tyvelebaSi unda mianiSnebdes cvlilebaTa mimarTulebazedasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. sainteresoa am mxriv arn.Ciqobavas mosazreba, zanuri unda miviCnioT im enis dife-renciaciis Sedegad, romlis gagrZelebasac istoriuladcnobili qarTuli warmoadgens.

aleqsandre WuluxaZe (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti)

iran-saqarTvelos urTierTobebiuZvelesi droidan VI saukunis bolomde

iranulidan nasesxebi leqsikis monacemTa safuZvelze

iran-saqarTvelos urTierTobebis dasawyisi Zv.w. IIaTaswleulis bolos ariuli warmoSobis tomebis gark-veuli nawilis kavkasiis gavliT maxlobeli aRmosavle-Tisa da iranis zeganisaken migracias ukavSirdeba. Zv.w.VIII-VII saukuneebSi skviTebis kavkasiaSi gamoCenamsagrZnobi kvali datova saqarTvelos teritoriazemcxovrebi mosaxleobis materialuri kulturis ganvi-Tarebaze, magram ormxriv urTierTobaTa aqtiuri etapimidiis mZlavri saxelmwifos Camoyalibebisa da samxreTkavkasiaSi gabatonebis Semdeg daiwyo. am periodidansaqarTvelo iranuli civilizaciis mudmivi da mZlavrikulturul-politikuri da sxva saxis gavlenis qveSeqceva, romelic istoriis sxvadasxva etapebze met-naklebi aqtiurobiT mimdinareobda, ris SedegadacqarTul enaSi intensiurad iwyebs Semosvlas iranulileqsikuri elementi. aqemenianTa imperiis Camoyalibebasada regionSi gabatonebas mohyva iranuli kulturisada civilizaciis mravalmxrivi gavlenis gavrcelebasqarTveloSi, romelic aqtiurad mimdinarebda parTiissaxelmwifos arsebobisa da gansakuTrebiT sasanuri

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iranis gaZlierebis epoqaSi da arabTa Semosevis Sede-gad Sewyda.

Zveli iranuli enebidan qarTulSi Semosulileqsikis garkveuli nawili Tanamedrove qarTuli sa-literaturo da sametyvelo enis aqtiur fonds Sead-gens da sxvadasxva semantikur jgufad iyofa. Zv.w. VIIsaukunidan ax.w. VII saukunemde qarTul enaSi Semosu-li leqsikuri elementebi Semdeg iranul enebs gane-kuTvneba: skviTur-alanuri, Zveli sparsuli, parTulida saSualo sparsuli anu falauri da Semdegi saxisleqsikas moicavs: administraciul-politikuri, samxe-dro, ekonomikuri, religiur-kultobrivi, kulturisada xelovnebis aRmniSvneli, onomastika, toponimika,florisa da faunis aRmniSvneli da sxv.

iranul nasesxobaTa Rrma etimologiur-semantikuri analizi gviCvenebs istoriis sxvadasxvaetapze iranuli samyaros saqarTveloze politikuri,kulturuli Tu sxva saxis gavlenebis siRrmesa damasStabebs da uaRresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba ro-gorc zogadad saqarTvelosa da qarTuli enis isto-riis, aseve iranisa da iranuli enebis istoriis sxva-dasxva aspeqtis kvlevisaTvis. uZveles qarTul wyaroeb-Si xSir SemTxvevaSi daculia iseTi iranuli nasesxoba-ni, romlebic iranul wyaroebSi ar dasturdeba damaT safuZvelze xdeba amosavali iranuli Ziris ling-visturi rekonstruqcia. qarTuli enis monacemebi ira-nuli civilizaciis istoriisa da kulturis sxvadasxvasakiTxebis kvleviT dainteresebuli mravali qarTveliTu ucxoeli mecnieris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipy-robs da aqtiurad mimdinareobs misi Seswavla.

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simpoziumis masalebi gamosacemad moamzades:

qeTevan baqraZem,

malxaz dograSvilma,

marika TedoraZem,

lili lomTaZem.

simpoziumi kutaisuri saubrebi xii. 2009

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