BIO-FUEL

S h a k i l u r R a h m a n

S t u d e n t I D : 0 9 0 7 0 4 5

An assignment on

B.Sc. Agricultural & Bio-resources Engineering (2009)

Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur

Submitted by,

Submitted to,

Faculty of Agro-Industrial & Food Process Engineering.

Professor Dr. MD. Kamal Uddin Sarkar

BIO FUEL: It may be defined as solid, liquid, or

gaseous fuel consisting of, or derived

from biomass; recently living

organisms, or their metabolic

byproducts, such as manure from cow.

Biofuel is being used ever since man discovered

fire; Wood. Natural gas from biomass had been

used since a very long time for the production of

electricity. This form of fuel was discovered even

before the discovery of the fossil fuels. August otto

first proposed his engine to run by ethanol. Rudolf

Diesel designed his diesel engine to run in peanut

oil.

Biomass resources

Oil bearing plants

(Agricultural crops and residues)

Woody biomass

Industrial and municipal waste.

Rape,palm,

soya, jatropha,

canola, colza etc.

Sugarcane, Maize,

Wheat and many other

• Renewable, Sustainable

• Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Cleanly Burning

• Increasing Energy Security

• Boosting Profitability of Agriculture

• Controlling Wastes

Socio-economic Aspect

Environment Aspect

Why Bio-fuel ?

Primary

fraction or

liquification

Biomas

s

Residue

Hydrocarbon rich

fraction

Conventional

fuels and

chemicals

De-oxygenation

Co-processing in

conventional

petroleum refinery

Derivative of

hemicelluloses

and cellulose

Conversion

Oxygenated

products.

Blending

Lignin rich

fraction

Energy production

How Biofuel Can be produced?

Hydrocarbon

rich fraction

Chemical (transesterification)

Physical chemical

(extraction)

Biochemical (fermentation)

Thermochemical (gasification):

Technologies used for Bio-fuel Production

Any chemical or heat process used

to convert a substance to a gas;

The process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester

with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.

It is the process of deriving energy from

the oxidation of organic compounds

Current state of Bio-Fuel

• India, Indonesia, Malaysia and China are

producing biodiesel successfully from

Jatropha curcus and oil palm.

• Green diesel is a form of diesel fuel which

is derived from renewable feedstock rather

than the fossil feedstock become much

popular Ireland

•14.3% of the US corn harvest was used to

produce ethanol annually Energetically

equivalent to 1.72% of US gasoline use

(2005).

• 1.5% of the US soybean harvest produced

biodiesel annually 0.09% of US diesel use

(2005).

Scientist has been divided in two

Opinion. One group thinks

Biofuel is a suitable replacement

of fossil fuels,

Another group considers it as a

threat on world food security.

Like many of the under developed and

developing country, Bangladesh is also

affected by food deficiency. It is a risk

to produce biofuel from crops other

than producing food products.

Fuel vs. Food security

• Bangladesh annually imports about 3.5 million

tons of different fuel oils.

• 1.45 million tons diesel, 380 tons kerosene,

• 1.3 million tons are crude oil,

• 215 tons jet fuel and 155,000 tons petrol

and octane .

We have some native plants which grow well in the fallow lands and also can play a

major role when converted to biodiesel or directly used as a source of alternative fossil

fuel .

There are many other indigenous plant seeds available in Bangladesh and these should be

investigate for there potentiality to produce oil.

Biofuel in aspect of Bangladesh :

a) Jatropha seed b) Karanj seed c) Castor seed d) Rubber seed

According to a report, “In the 2007/2008 fiscal year,

Bangladesh needs $4.5 billion for oil imports and

repayments of BPC's loans, compared with $3.2

billion in the previous year.” The transportation

sector (road, rail, river and air) in Bangladesh

consumes approximately 50% of the petroleum

imports. If 10% of the diesel and gasoline can be

replaced with biodiesel and ethanol, significant

amount of hard earned foreign currency can be

saved.

• Biofuels, particularly those derived from

palm biodiesel blends, may be more

carcinogenic than conventional fuels.

• Bio-fuels Isn’t truly carbon‐neutral

because of the stages of production,

transportation and processing require

nonrenewable energy.

• Fermentation and distilling of first

generation Biofuels create negative net

energy.

• Threat to food security in poor countries.

• May destroy traditional crop production

Drawbacks

Future of Biofuel

• Economically feasible

production of ethanol from

cellulose could happen within 10

years.

• Safe and pollution less Bio-fuel

Factory will be constructed

• Improved and efficient bio-gas

plant will be invented

•New and less costly Energy

source will take place.

• Food Security will be regained.

• Fuel and food price will

decrease.

Termination! The developed countries are investigating significant amount of

resources to develop sustainable renewable energy. Though the

solution taken by some specific countries is not the recipe for all other

countries but, developing countries should start formulating policies to

tap into the developed technologies at an early stage. In particular they

should leverage their position with respect to green house gas and

global warming. There is no need to reinvent the wheel of Biofuels in

every country.

Bangladesh should and must explore all possible avenues to provide

renewable energy to its current and future citizens; this is not only good

for the environment of the country, it makes economic sense to rely on

one’s natural resources