signaling crosstalk...the!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating ste2/3 + g!"# ste20...

39
Figure 6.32 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) Signaling crosstalk

Upload: others

Post on 12-Jan-2020

11 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Figure 6.32 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)

Signaling crosstalk

Page 2: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

 nutrient  limita+on  

     ma+ng  pheromone  

Yeast  Morphogene+c  Transi+ons  

Page 3: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

MAP  Kinase  Cascade  

MAP  kinase  kinase  kinase  (eg  Ste11)  

Phosphorylates  and  thereby  ac+vates  

Phosphorylates  and  thereby  ac+vates    

MAP  kinase  kinase  (eg  Ste7)  

MAP  kinase  (eg  Fus3)  

Which  then  phosphorylates  and  regulates  downstream  targets                                    (eg  transcrip+on  factors  and  Cdk  regulators)                                that  together  achieve  the  appropriate  outcome    

Page 4: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

The  pheromone  response  pathway  

pheromone

mating

Ste2/3 + G!"#Ste20

Ste11/ Ste50Ste7/ Ste5

Fus3Ste12

Receptors  and  G-­‐protein  

MAP  kinase  cascade  

Transcrip+on  factor  

Page 5: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Signaling  pathways  share  components  

glucose  deple*on  

filamentous  growth  

Sho1            Ste20  

Ste11/  Ste50  Ste7  Kss1  

Ste12/Tec1  

pheromone

mating

Ste2/3 + G!"#Ste20

Ste11/ Ste50Ste7/ Ste5

Fus3Ste12

salt/sorbitol

osmolarityresponse

Sho1 Ste20

Ste11/ Ste50Pbs2Hog1

Page 6: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Lamson  et  al.  (Pryciak)  Current  Biology  16:618  

Scaffold  proteins  may  help  solve  some  of  the  specificity  problem  

Page 7: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Scaffolds  also  exist  in  mammalian  cells  

Page 8: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Another  example  of  scaffolds  and  specificity  

Page 9: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

X Y

Two-Hybrid System to Detect Protein Interactions  

DNA-binding!domain!

Activation!domain!

Reporter gene!Binding site!

Page 10: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Plasmids  for  expression  of  2-­‐hybrid  constructs  

Page 11: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Another  depic+on  ofa  2-­‐hybrid  experiment  

Page 12: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ste5  interacts  with  each  member  of  the  MAP  Kinase  cascade  

Page 13: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

2-­‐Hybrid  tests  localize  interac+on  sites  on  Ste5  

Page 14: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

IP  experiments  reveal  that  Ste5  interacts  with  each  member  of  the  MAPK  cascade  

Ste11  and  Fus3  

Ste5-­‐Ste11  interac+on    does  not  require  Ste7  

Page 15: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

IP  experiments,  con+nued  

Likewise,  Ste7  interacts  with  Ste5    

Page 16: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Fus3  is  ac+vated  by  alpha-­‐factor  in  a  Ste5-­‐dependent  manner  

Fus3  kinase  assays  

Lanes  1&2:  no  Ste5  

Lanes  3&4:  wildtype  Ste5  

Lanes  5&6:  mutant  form  of  Ste5    unable  to  bind  Fus3  

Page 17: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Glycerol  gradient  centrifuga+on  reveals  a  mul+-­‐protein  complex    

Molecular  weight  standards  

Page 18: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Quan+ta+on  of  protein  levels  across  gradient  

Page 19: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!
Page 20: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Figure 1 Yeast mating and high-osmolarity MAPK pathways require scaffold proteins Ste5 and Pbs2.

S Park et al. Science 2003;299:1061-1064

Published by AAAS

Page 21: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Engineered  protein-­‐protein  interac+ons  can  subs+tute          for  the  na+ve  Ste5-­‐Ste7  and  Ste5-­‐Ste11  interac+on  

PDZ  domains  are  protein-­‐protein    interac+on  domains  

*  Indicates  mutant  binding  sites  on  Ste5  

Ste5  is  tagged  with  HA  epitope;  IP  with  an+-­‐HA,  probe  with  an+-­‐NOS  

Page 22: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ar+ficial  interac+ons  demonstrated  by  ma+ng  test  

Ma+ng  test:  strain  with  Ste5  construct  is  leu-­‐;  test  for  ma+ng  to  trp-­‐  cells  of  other  ma+ng  type.  Growth  will  be  observed  on  minimal  medium  only  if  ma+ng  has  occurred.    

Page 23: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

…  and  by  quan+ta+ve  ma+ng  tests  and  phosphoryla+on  of  Fus3  

Page 24: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Can  one  engineer  a  new  scaffold  to  direct  a  different  output  response?  

Page 25: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

The  diverter  scaffold  works  as  designed  Diverter  interacts  with        appropriate  kinases  

Growth  on  salt  occurs  only  in            presence  of  alpha-­‐factor  

               Diverter  directs    phosphoryla+on  of  Hog1  

Diverter  directs  same  change  in  gene    expression  as  wildtype  osmo-­‐response  

Page 26: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Figure 4 Mutational analysis of diverter scaffold requirements.

S Park et al. Science 2003;299:1061-1064

Published by AAAS

Growth  on  high  salt  in  presence  of  α-­‐factor  

Page 27: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Addi+onal  regulators  of  pheromone  response  

Can  a  scaffold  be  engineered  to  alter  kine+cs  of  response  to  these  regulators?    

Page 28: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Recruited  regulators  agenuate  or  s+mulate  response  

Page 29: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Recruited  regulators  change  +me  course  and  dose  response  

Page 30: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Two  MAPK  targets  for  Ste7  

What  is  role  of  Ste5  in  ac+va+on  of  Fus3  

Page 31: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

A  new  role  for  Ste5  

Page 32: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ste5  is  required  for  ac+va+on  of  Fus3  but  not  Kss1  

Page 33: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Requirements  for  ac+va+on  of  Fus3  by  Ste7    

Defini+on  of  a  minimal  scaffold  version  of  Ste5   Fus3  binding  site  on  Ste5  is  not  required                    but  docking  sites  on  Ste7  are  

Page 34: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

The  idea  is,  Ste7  tethers  Fus3  to  the  Ste5  minimal  scaffold  

Page 35: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ste5  changes  the  Kcat  of  Ste7  for  Fus3,  not  the  Km  

Page 36: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ste5  mutants  with  greater  than  100-­‐fold  reduc+on  in                                            phosphoryla+on  of  Fus3  by  Ste7  

Mutants  fall  in  two  regions  on  Ste5  surface  

The  known  Ste7  binding  site  

A  region  dubbed  the  coac+vator  loop  

Page 37: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Ste5ms  mutants  affect  different  aspects  of                        phosphoryla+on  of  Fus3  by  Ste7  

Mutant  B  affects  Ste7  binding   Mutant  C  affects  k-­‐cat  

Page 38: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

2  possibili+es  for  how  Ste5  s+mulates  phosphoryla+on  of  Fus3  by  Ste7  

1.  Ste5  makes  Ste7  a  beger  kinase  

2.  Ste5  make  Fus3  a  beger  substrate  

The  data  support  the  2nd  possibility;    perhaps  Ste5  induces  a  conforma+onal    change  in  Fus3  that  makes  its  ac+va+on    loop  accessible  to  Ste7  

Page 39: Signaling crosstalk...The!pheromone!response!pathway! pheromone mating Ste2/3 + G!"# Ste20 Ste11/ Ste50 Ste7/ Ste5 Fus3 Ste12 Receptors!and!GJprotein! MAP!kinase!cascade! Transcrip+on!factor!

Model