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SIGNAGE

GUIDEBOOK

SIGNAGE

GUIDEBOOKTHE TOWN OF WENDELL

Small

Town

, Big

Charm

W

EN D E L L N

C

This document was produced by the Community Design Initiative (CDI) in coordination with The Town of Wendell and NC State University.

Town of Wendell Board of Commissioners:

Tim HinnantMayor

Ira C. FullerMayor Pro Tem

Christie Adams

Virginia Gray

Sam Laughery

James W. ParhamCommissioners

| TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 ............................................. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SECTION 2 ............................................. DESIGN INTENT

SECTION 3 ............................................. SIGN LOCATIONS

SECTION 4 ............................................. SIGN MENU

SECTION 5 ............................................. SIGNAGE DETAILS

SECTION 6 ............................................. REGULATIONS

SECTION 7 .............................................. CONCLUSION

SECTION 8 ............................................. RESOURCES

SECTION 9 ............................................. APPENDIX

THE TOWN OF WENDELL | SIGNAGE GUIDELINES

SECTION 1 | PAGE 1.2

| DESCRIPTION

DOCUMENT PUBLISHED DECEMBER, 2012



The Town of Wendell enlisted the Community Design Initiative (CDI) to guide them through the process of discovering community identity. Those involved are listed below:

Town of Wendell:Board of CommissionersAppearance CommissionPlanning Board

Teresa Piner Town Manager

Zunilda RodriguezPlanning Director

Stacy Harper Planner

David BergmarkPlanner

Jay Tomlinson CDI, Director

Irene Sadler Judge

Jacqui Harris

Jon BlascoCDI, Research Assistants

| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: PROCESS & HISTORY| THE TEAM

�e Town of Wendell adopted a Comprehensive Plan that calls for increasing the sense of place for Wendell. �e town has been eager to help create a vision for the community. In Fall 2011, the Town of Wendell began work on establishing its community identity through a process of community meetings. Wendell worked with residents to draw out the goals and values of the community. One goal Wendell decided to focus on was developing a signage program for the town that includes welcome, pedestrian, auto way�nding, and historic downtown district demarcation signage.

Wendell held a series of community meetings to discuss a variety of sign and logo options. �is process allowed the community to vet logos and sign options that did not meet the goals and values of the community.

In the Fall of 2012, an online survey was conducted and a subsequent community meeting was held to determine the �nal logo. �e community chose the “Curve W”. CDI developed a variety of sign frames shapes and designs for the logo and way�nding information to be displayed on. �e community voted via an online survey on their preferred sign frames. �e community made �nal decisions and remarks on sign frame concepts during a November 2012 community meeting. Following the meeting, CDI compiled the input and made necessary changes before submitting the �nal document to the Town of Wendell.

�e signage program is an ongoing process and will develop further as sign designs are �nalized and locations are determined. �e project will be phased so that completion of higher priority sign types and/or locations, which will be determined by the Town are focused on �rst.

At the end of their involvement, CDI provided the Town of Wendell with this Sign Guidebook, which will provide a road map for the implementation and construction of the Town’s new signage. �is guidebook is meant as a conceptual framework for the program. It will be up to the Town to work with the appropriate local and state o�cials, as well as the sign manufacturers, to ensure all applicable regulations are met and that the guidelines in this manual are followed as closely as possible.

The process of electing a logo and associated signage began in September of 2011.

A community workshop held in October of the same year helped identify the goal to develop a signage program, as well as to improve bicycle and pedestrian systems, strengthen regional greenway connections (ie. the Little River and Lake Myra), encourage density in the downtown, and develop a better facility downtown for the Farmer’s Market.

In December many logo and signage concepts were discussed. Many of them are shown to the left.



| COMMUNITY PROCESS TIME LINE | DESCRIPTION

Community workshop October 2011

CDI visits Wendell

The Town of Wendell participates in The Design Game. In this game players look at their town’s potential growth and how that will happen with current zoning and planning while considering how they would like their town to develop.

December 2011

CDI Presentation to Town, delivery of Community Design booklet. Many logo ideas are presented.

September 2011

Town Hall Meeting

The process continued in 2012. The Wendell Community focused in developing a new logo and a Signage and Wayfinding Program. On November 15, 2012, the community gathered to make final decisions on the signage frames. The process is ongoing as the town seeks to implement the program.

| COMMUNITY PROCESS TIME LINE



| DESCRIPTION

The Town of Wendell discusses signage choices and makes final decisions on frames presented by the CDI.

Logo design process begins March 2012

April 2012

Tobacco logo discussed and rejected.

August 2012

Logos presented and discussed.

Logo design process June 2012

Logo design process September 2012

November 2012

Signage presentation and discussion with Town. Signage recommendations selected and approved.

Wendell Signage Guidelines document nears completion and presented to the town. December 2012



| DESCRIPTION

The goals of The Town of Wendell’s Wayfinding and Signage Program were assembled by town leaders and the community.

| TOWN LEADERS GOALS FOR PROJECT

• Promote history of Town of Wendell.

• Strengthen community identity.

• Create a sense of place in the Downtown.

• Provide entrance ways to the historic district.

• Reinforce regional connections.

• Provide gateway entrances for visi-tors and residents alike.

• Create connections between eco-nomic development, history and aesthetics in town.

• Offer directions to important civic spaces or structures.

• Direct and connect important community assets and amenities.

• Direct people to Town services.

• Enhance streetscapes & public spaces.

• Enhance visitor experience in Wendell.

• Identify themes and designs of importance to community.

• Transform logo design for Wendell.



These are the signs that the participants decided upon through various community meetings, staff meetings, and online surveys. (Not to scale)

| PREFERRED DESIGN CONCEPTS| DESCRIPTION

WAYFINDING – PEDESTRIAN

HISTORIC DISTRICT

PEDESTRIAN KIOSK

W E N D E L L NC

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTSMALL TOWN,

BIG CHARM

Small

Town

, Big

CharmHISTORIC

DOWNTOWN

COMMUNITY CENTER

TECHNOLOGY PARK

TOWN HALL

W

EN D E L L N

C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

GATEWAY – MEDIAN

GATEWAY – SIDE OF ROAD

WAYFINDING – AUTOMOBILE

Small Town, Big Charm

Welcome to

DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

COMMUNITY CENTER

2 :: DESIGN INTENT

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

Through conversations with the Town leadership, three general themes emerged.

�e �rst goal is to create a unifying logo that can be used across the spectrum of signs, as well as other mediums. �e second goal is to develop a signage program (which incorporates the logo) that is consistent with the values of the community, but also allows �exibility for distinct parts of the town.

Rather than develop one sign that can morph into an appropriate shape and size for its setting, this program develops a series of di�erent signs that maintain a consistent design language throughout the family.

�e diagram above looks at three di�erent character traits the town identi�ed as being important: Historic, Welcoming, and Modern.

Where these three ideas come together, signs stay the same through the usage of the logo, colors, forms, and design language. Where the ideas diverge, signs change shape and character. Following this method allows for the signs to represent the character of their setting, while retaining a language that is carried throughout the entire collection of signs.

| DESIGN INTENT

HISTORIC WELCOMING

MODERN

COLORFONTSIZESHAPEVALUES

GOALSMISSION

OFFERINGS

One sign design will not work for every part of Wendell. The intent is to represent each district’s character while maintaining the identity of The Town of Wendell. Three main districts with distinct identities have been identified.

Starting at the outskirts and moving in is the gateway district. These signs will let people know they have arrived in Wendell.

The next ring relates to automotive wayfinding. These signs will remind people they are still in Wendell and direct them to key destinations.

Finally, the inner ring is the downtown district. Signs here will designate the district and in some cases provide a directional component.

| SIGN DISTRICTS



| DESCRIPTION



| DESCRIPTION

Signs should be made of high quality materials and have attractive landscaping around them. It is recommended that the gateway signs be lit at night. The signs serve motorists best when placed in the median of a boulevard or on the right-hand side of the road. These signs are under NCDOT’s jurisdiction.

Signs should be made of high quality materials. Landscaping is optional. If landscaping is used, it should be minimal and fit with the surrounding vegetation and character. Signs should be placed on the right-hand side the road. These signs are under both The Town of Wendell and NCDOT’s jurisdiction.

Gateway Signs: �ese signs welcome visitors to the town of Wendell. Gateway signs should be located near the town limits on major roadways and other primary routes into town. High visibility is important for these signs.

Auto-oriented Wayfinding/Directional Signs: �ese signs should be placed along primary and secondary routes around town. �e purpose of directional signs is to guide visitors to speci�c areas of the town. �e style of signs used should be indicative of the area they are placed (e.g. “historic” sign in downtown or “modern” sign near the technology park).

| SIGNAGE TYPES

RIGHT-HAND

MEDIAN


Pedestrian-focused signs should be installed so they are easily read by a pedestrian, and in a way that does not encroach on movement or create a hazard to pedestrians or automobiles.

Kiosks should be installed in places where pedestrians are likely to congregate, but they should not impede movement along a sidewalk or the movement of automobiles into and out of parking spaces. Mid-block kiosk installations are the preferred option. Landscaping should not be used around the kiosks in order to allow pedestrians unimpeded access to them.

| SIGNAGE TYPES


| DESCRIPTION

Pedestrian-oriented Wayfinding/Directional Signs: �ese signs are geared toward the pedestrian and meant to help guide him/her to speci�c destinations, while also showing o� the town’s and district’s character. �ese signs will be installed along sidewalks and at crosswalks.

Pedestrian-oriented kiosks: Kiosks should celebrate the district’s character while providing pedestrian maps of the district. Fliers and advertisements can be hung on multi-sided kiosks, but should not interfere with the maps or the logo.


| DESCRIPTION

Historic district signs mark the district and are meant for pedestrians and automobiles. Wayfinding features can be combined with these signs. Many times, they will be installed on light posts in the downtown area.

| SIGNAGE TYPES


Historic Downtown District Signs: �ese signs are meant to designate the historic downtown area and should promote the district’s character and amenities. Directional features can be used in conjunction with these signs.

3 :: SIGN LOCATIONS

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

(left) This map identifies GENERAL locations where signs should be located in The Town of Wendell.

(below) This map identifies GENERAL locations where signs should be located within the downtown area in the Town of Wendell.

| GENERAL SIGN LOCATIONS

Quadrant 1 See page 1.3




Quadrant 1 represents the northeast area of the Town of Wendell.




| DESCRIPTION

Quadrant 1

Signage Location Key

G Gateway :: Welcome Signs

Wake Towns

K Kiosk :: Map :: Information

Railroad

H Historic

WA Wayfinding :: Auto

Major Roads

KNIGHTDALE

ZEBULON

WP Wayfinding :: Pedestrian

Streets

WENDELL

Downtown Historic District



| DESCRIPTION

Quadrant 2 represents the northwest area of the Town of Wendell.


Quadrant 2



Wake Towns


Railroad

H Historic


Major Roads

KNIGHTDALE

ZEBULON


Streets

WENDELL


Quadrant 3 represents the southwest area of the Town of Wendell.




| DESCRIPTION

Quadrant 3



Wake Towns


Railroad

H Historic


Major Roads

KNIGHTDALE

ZEBULON


Streets

WENDELL




| DESCRIPTION | HEADING

Quadrant 4 represents the southeast area of the Town of Wendell.

Quadrant 2



Wake Towns


Railroad

H Historic


Major Roads

KNIGHTDALE

ZEBULON


Streets

WENDELL


4 :: SIGNAGE MENU

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| SIGN MENU — GATEWAY

GATEWAY – MEDIAN GATEWAY – RIGHT-HAND SIDE


Welcome to

DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

COMMUNITY CENTER

| SIGN MENU — AUTOMOBILE



WAYFINDING – AUTOMOBILE MORE DESTINATIONS

W E N D E L L N C

SMALL TOWN, BIG CHARM

W E N D E L L N C



| SIGN MENU — PEDESTRIAN

WAYFINDING – PEDESTRIAN FEWER DESTINATIONS MORE DESTINATIONS

COMMUNITY CENTER

W

EN D E L L N

C

COMMUNITY CENTER

| SIGN MENU — HISTORIC DOWNTOWN



HISTORIC DISTRICT LAMP POLE SIGNS DOWNTOWN DISTRICT KIOSK

Dowtown

InformationDestination 1

Destination 4

Destination 2

Destination 5

Destination 3

Destination 6

Destination 9

Destination 7

Destination 10

Destination 8

Destination 11

Destination 14

Destination 12

Destination 15

Destination 13

Wendell

SINCE 1903

DOWN TO WN MAP



| DESCRIPTION

These signs should be used when a small or compact sign is needed to direct a motorist to a specific destination such as a parking facility.

| SIGN MENU — COMPACT SIGN / SINGLE DESTINATION

DOWNTOWN WENDELL PARKING TOWN

HALL

Alternative sign designs that can be considered for fabrication. These signs may be less expensive to fabricate or they might appeal differently to the character of the district they are placed in.

These signs were regarded highly in the community voting process but were not chosen in the final decision making process.



| DESCRIPTION | SIGN MENU — DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

HISTORIC DISTRICT WAYFINDING – PEDESTRIAN WAYFINDING – AUTOMOBILE

Small

Town

, Big

Charm

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

W

EN D E L L N

C

Small

Town

, Big

CharmHISTORIC

DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECH. PARK

W

EN D E L L N

C

TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

COMMUNITY CENTER

COMMUNITY CENTER

Small Town, Big CharmGAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903



| SIGN MENU — DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

GATEWAY – MEDIAN GATEWAY – RIGHT-HAND SIDE

downtown

technology park

town hall


Welcome to

WENDELL


Welcome to

WENDELL

5 :: SIGNAGE DETAILS

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

The logo consists of a custom-made “W” with a shadow that is slightly offset to the right and bottom. A green oval sits behind the “W” and the shadow. The top of the oval should not be higher than the peak of the W, nor should the oval extend below the bottom of the “W”.

| LOGO

BLUEC: 100 M: 91 Y: 31 K: 24

GREENC: 75 M: 5 Y: 100 K: 0

SHADOWC: 0 M: 0 Y: 0 K: 100

C = CyanM = MagentaY = YellowK = Black


Welcome to

DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

COMMUNITY CENTER

The welcome/gateway signs need to be readable from a distance and at high speeds. These signs can include directional information.

| WELCOME/GATEWAY SIGNS



| DESCRIPTION

WENDELL: The town name should be all-caps. The letters can be either a clean san-serif font with minimal compression or a clean serif font. They may differ slightly from what is represented here.

MOTTO: The town motto should be on each of these signs. The font may vary slightly, but should be an italicized hand font. The motto fits on one line and is bookended by diamonds. The first letter of each word is capitalized.

DESTINATIONS: No more than three directional panels may be used on signs that sit above the ground.

WELCOME TO: This phrase should be up/down case. The letters should be a script font and may differ slightly from what is represented here.

LOGO: The logo fits in the upper left corner of the sign.

W E N D E L L N C

W

EN D E L L N

C

COMMUNITY CENTER



| DESCRIPTION

These signs are intended to provide directional guidance to motorists and pedestrians, while reminding people they are in The Town of Wendell.

| WAYFINDING SIGNS

DIRECTIONAL ARROWS: Arrows should be bold and white inside a green circle. The points of the arrow head touch the edges of the circle. Arrows from sign to sign need to be consistent and proportional to their circles.

LOGO: The Town logo and motto shall be used on each of these signs. Refer to the sign menu for proper location and usage.

DESTINATIONS: No more than five and no fewer than two destinations shall be displayed on these signs. The height of the sign should adjust to accommodate the number of destinations. The destinations will be a bold san-serif font with minimal compression. Names of destinations shall not exceed two lines.

POSTS: Sign posts, and all associated hardware, shall be made from a metal, such as aluminum or stainless steel. They can be either single or double post.

District signs designate specific districts. Directional guidance can be a part of these signs, but it is not their main purpose. Many times, these signs will be installed on existing light poles.

| DISTRICT SIGNS



| DESCRIPTION

DESTINATIONS: No more than three destinations shall be displayed on these signs. The destinations will be a bold san-serif font with minimal compression. Names of destinations shall not exceed one line.

LOGO: The Town logo and the name of the district are the dominant elements. The font used for the name of the district should be indicative of the district, eg. an all-cap serif font should be used for the historic downtown district.

SINCE 1903: “Since 1903” (the year Wendell was founded) should appear on the historic downtown signs in a all-cap script font.

HARDWARE: Mounting hardware should be a metal, such as aluminum or stainless steel.

SINCE 1903

DOWN TO WN MAP



| DESCRIPTION

Kiosks should be used sparingly and only in areas where pedestrian navigation help is required. They should be built at a height that allows for easy access by pedestrians. Space for fliers and advertisements should be considered.

| WAYFINDING KIOSK


MAP: These kiosks incorporate a map of the district where the kiosks are installed. The design of the maps are not covered in this document.

LOGO: The Town logo shall be used in these kiosks. Which logo should be used is determined by which district the kiosk is in. It should represent the district well.

DOWNTOWN WENDELL PARKING TOWN

HALL

These signs should be used when a small or compact sign is needed to direct a motorist to a specific destination such as a parking facility.

| COMPACT SIGN / SINGLE DESTINATION



| DESCRIPTION

LOGO: The Town logo shall be used in these signs and it should be small, allowing the other information to take priority.

ARROW: The arrow pointing to the destination should have visual priority.

DESTINATION: The name of the destination should be in a clean san-serif font. The font can be condensed if needed to allow for longer words.


6 :: REGULATIONS

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

The diagrams provided on these pages have been taken from the United States Department of Transportation’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Town of Wendell, the sign makers, and the installation contractor(s) are responsible for making sure the signs and the installation of the signs are compliant with the most current version of the MUTCD. CDI is not responsible for signs that do not meet the requirements of the MUTCD.

�ese diagrams are examples of where signs should be placed in relation to sidewalks and roads. All signs that might interact with pedestrian movement should be at least 7 feet above the ground in order to not be a walking hazard.

�ese diagrams depict where signs should be placed within the right-of-way for road intersections. It is important that the signs do not interfere with travel and that they are placed in such a manner that drivers have to time to see and react to them.

| REGULATIONS

2009 Edition

Figure 2A-2. Examples of Heights and Lateral Locations of Sign Installations

E - ROADSIDE ASSEMBLY IN RURAL AREA

12 ft MIN.

5 ftMIN.

A - ROADSIDE SIGN IN RURAL AREA

12 ft MIN.

5 ftMIN.

B - ROADSIDE SIGN IN RURAL AREA

6 ft MIN.

Shoulder wider than 6 ft

5 ftMIN.

D - WARNING SIGN WITH ADVISORY SPEED PLAQUE IN RURAL AREA

12 ft MIN.

4 ftMIN.

F - SIGN ON NOSE OF MEDIAN

7 ftMIN. 4 ft

MIN.

C - ROADSIDE SIGN IN BUSINESS, COMMERCIAL, OR RESIDENTIAL AREA

2 ftMIN. 7 ft*

MIN.

* Where parking or pedestrian movements are likely to occur

H - OVERHEAD SIGN

6 ft MIN.

Shoulder

17 ftMIN.

G - FREEWAY OR EXPRESSWAY SIGN WITH SECONDARY SIGN

6 ft MIN.

12 ft MIN.

Shoulder

5 ftMIN.

8 ftMIN.

Note:See Section 2A.19 for reduced lateral offset distances that may be used in areas where lateral offsets are limited, and in business, commercial, or residential areas where sidewalk width is limited or where existing poles are close to the curb.

Sect. 2A.16 December 2009

2009 Edition Page 39

December 2009 Sect. 2A.16

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

A - ACUTE ANGLE INTERSECTION

C - MINOR CROSSROAD

E - DIVISIONAL ISLAND

2 ft MIN.

MINORROAD

MAJORROAD

4 ft MIN.

2 ft MIN.

D - URBAN INTERSECTION

MARKED ORUNMARKED

CROSSWALK

SIDEWALK

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

F - WIDE THROAT INTERSECTION

50 ft MAX.

2 ft MIN.

6 ft to 12 ft MIN.

B - CHANNELIZED INTERSECTION

Note: Lateral offset is a minimum of 6 feet measured from the edge of the shoulder, or 12 feet measured from the edge of the traveled way. See Section 2A.19 for lower minimums that may be used in urban areas, or where lateral offset space is limited.

Figure 2A-3. Examples of Locations for Some Typical Signs at Intersections

2 ftMIN.

The diagrams provided on these pages have been taken from the United States Department of Transportation’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Town of Wendell, the sign makers, and the installation contractor(s) are responsible for making sure the signs and the installation of the signs are compliant with the most current version of the MUTCD. CDI is not responsible for signs that do not meet the requirements of the MUTCD.

| HEADING



| DESCRIPTION

�ese diagrams show where signs should be placed along the roadway. Directional and way�nding signs shall not interfere with regulatory, warning, and/or guide signs.

Page 40 2009 Edition

Sect. 2A.16 December 2009

Figure 2A-4. Relative Locations of Regulatory, Warning, andGuide Signs on an Intersection Approach

W2-1

U.S. ROUTE 46

DEFENSE HWY

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

600 ftMIN.

800 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

400 ftMIN.

WOOD AVE

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

(Optional)

W3-1

Note: See Chapter 2D for information on guide signs and Part 3 for information on pavement markings

See Table 2C-4 for the recommended minimum distanceSee Section 2C.46 for the application of the W2-1 sign and Section 2C.36 for the application of the W3-1 signSee Section 2B.22 for the application of Intersection Lane Control signs

B – Multi-lane approachA – Single-lane approach

C. Regulatory signs that do not conflict with each other are grouped, such as Turn Prohibition signs posted with ONE WAy signs or a parking regulation sign posted with a speed Limit sign; or

D. Street Name signs are posted with a STOP or yIELD sign.06 signs should be located so that they:

A. Are outside the clear zone unless placed on a breakaway or yielding support (see Section 2A.19), B. Optimize nighttime visibility, C. Minimize the effects of mud splatter and debris, D. Do not obscure each other, E. Do not obscure the sight distance to approaching vehicles on the major street for drivers who are stopped

on minor-street approaches, and F. Are not hidden from view.

Page 150 2009 Edition

Figure 2D-6. Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs(for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 2 of 4)

U.S. ROUTE 46STATE ROUTE 8 STATE ROUTE 41

U.S. ROUTE 46

STATE ROUTES15 AND 8

25 to200 ft

25 to200 ft

(Enlarged, if necessary)

U.S. ROUTE 56STATE ROUTE 15

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

U.S. ROUTE 56

400 ftMIN.

400 ftMIN.

200 ftMIN.

300 ftMIN.

300 ft ± 300 ft ±

200 ftMIN.

Note: The spacings shown on this figure are for rural intersections. See Sections 2D.29, 2D.30, 2D.32, 2D.34, 2D.40, and 2D.42 for low-speed and/or urban conditions.

Sect. 2D.29 December 2009



| DESCRIPTION

The diagrams provided on these pages have been taken from the Department Of Transportation’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Town of Wendell, the sign makers, and the installation contractor(s) are responsible for making sure the signs and the installation of the signs are compliant with the most current version of the MUTCD. CDI is not responsible for signs that do not meet the requirements of the MUTCD.

�is table shows recommended letter heights for street signs. �ese guidelines can be applied to the directional and way�nding signs. It is important that letter heights are appropriate for their location so that the signs can be seen and read easily, giving the driver or pedestrian ample time to process the information and react.

| REGULATIONS

16 An alternative background color other than the normal guide sign color of green may be used for Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs where the highway agency determines this is necessary to assist road users in determining jurisdictional authority for roads.Standard:

17 Alternative background colors shall not be used for Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Section 2D.44).

18 The only acceptable alternative background colors for Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs shall be blue, brown, or white. Regardless of whether green, blue, or brown is used as the background color for Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs, the legend (and border, if used) shall be white. For Street Name signs that use a white background, the legend (and border, if used) shall be black.Guidance:

19 An alternative background color for Street Name signs, if used, should be applied to the Street Name (D3-1 or D3-1a) signs on all roadways under the jurisdiction of a particular highway agency.

20 In business or commercial areas and on principal arterials, Street Name signs should be placed at least on diagonally opposite corners. In residential areas, at least one Street Name sign should be mounted at each intersection. Signs naming both streets should be installed at each intersection. They should be mounted with their faces parallel to the streets they name.Option:

21 To optimize visibility, Street Name signs may be mounted overhead. Street Name signs may also be placed above a regulatory or STOP or YIELD sign with no required vertical separation.Guidance:

22 In urban or suburban areas, especially where Advance Street Name signs for signalized and other major intersections are not used, the use of overhead Street Name signs should be strongly considered.Option:

23 At intersection crossroads where the same road has two different street names for each direction of travel, both street names may be displayed on the same sign along with directional arrows.

24 On lower speed roadways, historic street name signs within locally identified historic districts that are consistent with the criteria contained in 36 CFR 60.4 for such structures and districts may be used without complying with the provisions of Paragraphs 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 through 14, and 18 through 20 of this section.Support:

25 Information regarding the use of street names on supplemental plaques for use with intersection-related warning signs is contained in Section 2C.58.

Section 2D.44 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2)Support:

01 Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Figure 2D-10) identify an upcoming intersection. Although this is often the next intersection, it could also be several intersections away in cases where the next signalized intersection is referenced.Standard:

02 Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs, if used, shall supplement rather than be used instead of the Street Name (D3-1) signs at the intersection.Option:

03 Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs may be installed in advance of signalized or unsignalized intersections to provide road users with advance information to identify the name(s) of the next intersecting street to prepare for crossing traffic and to facilitate timely deceleration and/or lane changing in preparation for a turn.

Table 2D-2. Recommended Minimum Letter Heights on Street Name Signs

Type of Mounting Type of Street or Highway Speed LimitRecommended Minimum

Letter Height

Initial Upper-Case Lower-Case

Overhead All types All speed limits 12 inches 9 inches

Post-mounted Multi-lane More than 40 mph 8 inches 6 inches

Post-mounted Multi-lane 40 mph or less 6 inches 4.5 inches

Post-mounted 2-lane All speed limits 6 inches* 4.5 inches*

* On local two-lane streets with speed limits of 25 mph or less, 4-inch initial upper-case letters with 3-inch lower-case letters may be used.

May 2012 Sect. 2D.43 to 2D.44

2009 Edition - Revision 2 Page 163

Rev. 2

8 :: RESOURCES

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

These are resources that CDI has used to help develop the appropriate design guidelines for the Town of Wendell. CDI looked at other cities’ guidelines in order to determine what was and was not needed in this book. These resources are to be used for reference only.

�e Town of Cary, NC: Cary Downtown Way�nding and Signage Program Construction Document Package

�e Town of Cary, NC: Cary Downtown Way�nding and Signage Program - Design Development

�e Town of Hillsborough, NC: City Way�nding Signage Plan - July, 2009

�e Town of Hillsborough, NC: Way�nding Sign Program: Signage Design Manual - May, 2011

Town of Matthews, NC: Way�nding and Identity Signage Project - March, 2012

City of Morganton, NC: Way�nding Sign System (Project Number 2007.0051) - July, 2009

NC State University: Campus Signage Program: Exterior Signage - August 2003

US Department Of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration: Manual on Uniform Tra�c Control Devices for Streets and Highways - May 2012

| RESOURCES

07 :: CONCLUSION

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

Conclusion statement on the Signage and Wayfinding Program that was developed beginning in the Fall 2011 entered the final stages of completion in 2013.

Beginning in September 2011, the Town of Wendell and the CDI began working on a developing the town’s identity. �e town looked at how to develop their community in terms of: community identity, regional planning, streetscape and public spaces, and buildings and structural elements. �e community decided, from this process, to move forward with a plan to strengthen its identity.

�e rst step, in the Spring of 2012, was to establish a new logo leading to a whole signage system. �e community worked through a series of logos and

decided that the “Curve W” was the winner. Once the logo was established, the signage frames needed to be developed. �e CDI developed several iterations and enlisted the community via an online survey to decide which they preferred. Final recommendations were made at a community meeting resulting in: two potential gateway signs, auto and pedestrian wayning signs, historic downtown signage and a kiosk.

�e Town of Wendell will continue to work through this process with the community and sign fabricators to implement the Signage and Waynding Program.

| CONCLUSION

9 :: APPENDIX

THE TOWN OF WENDELL

SIGNAGE PROGRAM



| DESCRIPTION

Summary of online community survey questions and results.

�e Town of Wendell conducted an online survey of the community to gain an understanding of the sign frame shapes that the community preferred. �e purpose of the community survey was also to help provide the Town of Wendell guidance on goals for the way�nding program, priority areas for signage and preference on signage design. �e questions and results from the survey are shown on the following pages.

| SIGN FRAME SURVEY

Summary of online community survey questions and results.

| SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS



| DESCRIPTION

Q1. WERE YOU INVOLVED IN THE LOGO / SIGN DESIGN AND SELECTION PROCESS?

Q2. IF YES, DO YOU HAVE ANY THOUGHTS OR COMMENTS? IF NO, WHY NOT?

Q3. DO YOU LIVE IN THE WENDELL AREA?

Q4. DO YOU WORK IN THE WENDELL AREA OR OUTSIDE THE WENDELL AREA?

No60.0%

Yes75.0%

In Wendell Area77.8%

Yes40.0%

No25.0%

Outside22.2%

Was not aware of the meeting to determine the logo

Out of town

I believe that there was more to the sign, some asymmetry?

Not at this time

I like the curved ‘W’



| MEDIAN WELCOME SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

A DCBD

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L N

C

WENDELL Small Town, Big Charm

DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELLSmall Town, Big Charm

DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

47% 6% 35% 12%

“Minor changes to logo”“None of the signs remind me of the Town.”“Like the shape of this sign (A) better but with blue directional signs underneath.”“Add approx mileage to the destination.”

Q6. COMMENTS ON MEDIAN WELCOME SIGNS

“I don’t typically think of median signs as being on poles but I chose D because of the circle around the W. I like the ‘theme’ of that.”



| RIGHT-HAND SIDE WELCOME SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

A DCB

Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L N

C


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

35% 0% 29% 35%

“Dark background is hard to read and has nothing to draw you in.”“Flower beds are a must.”“Fabrication of this sign could be expensive. B would be my second choice.”

Q8. COMMENTS ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE WELCOME SIGN

In the case of a tie vote the community voted at the November 15, 2012 meeting to choose the preferred design.



| AUTO WAYFINDING SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

A DCBWelcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L N

C


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

41% 0% 41% 18%

Q10. COMMENTS ON MEDIAN WELCOME SIGNS“I think the blue, green and white contrast better for the eye.”

“Too dark but directional info is easier to read.”

“�e signs should all be the same shape type.”

“I like the design of (C);. but I think the larger arrows and text in ‘A’ will direct people better.”

“While I like the circle on C - the information that should really be highlighted here is what you are looking for not the word Wendell. A is much more readable.”

In the case of a tie vote the community voted at the November 15, 2012 meeting to choose the preferred design.



| PEDESTRIAN WAYFINDING SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

“Once again the 3 colors make the arrows easier to see.”

“B is by far my favorite. Easily readable.”


“Most easily read but signs should be consistent in model so people will be looking for similar signage.”

“I also like design ‘C;’ above, but I think it is good for the downtown sign to be slightly di�erent than the gateway and auto signs.”

A DCB DWelcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L N

C


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

18% 41% 24% 18%



| HISTORIC DOWNTOWN KIOSK SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

A DCBTECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L NC


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


24% 29% 18% 29%

“Map is not friendly to the eyes.”

“Clean but again inconsistent with other signs.”


“Make the map easier to read”

“I also like the look of ‘C’ above, but it does not include a map.”

“Love the historic small town feel of the circle in this instance.”



| HISTORIC DOWNTOWN SIGN FRAME SURVEY RESULTS

“We have historic district signs that are indicative or our history �ese say nothing but blah, blah, blah”


“Love this for downtown”

A DCB

Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

SIN

CE

1903

WENDELL Small Town,

Big Charm

HIGH SCHOOL

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SINCE 1903

SIGN FAMILY C

Welcome to


TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

SIGN FAMILY A

W E N D E L L N C

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

SHOPPING

TRAIN DEPOTDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome toWENDELL


Welcome toWENDELL

D

OWNTOWN

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

SIGN FAMILY B


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

W

EN D E L L N

C


DOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

WENDELLDOWNTOWN

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL


Welcome to

0% 31% 56% 13%




“Bright colors, re�ection, and make them easy to understand.”

“64/264 intersection at Leith, Martin Center or 97/64 intersection”

“Historic Downtown, Mortex, Peedie and Aubrey’s Grill, Perry’s, and other businesses that have stood the test of time in our small community.”

“Schools, the police dept, city hall, community center”

“�e Wendell Community Building, �e Town Square, �e Police Station”

Q17. THE COMMUNITY AGREED THAT “WENDELL BLUE” WAS THE FAVORITE FOR THE MAIN COLOR FOR SIGNS. THE IMAGES ABOVE SHOW A FEW ACCENT COLORS. WHICH DO YOU PREFER? YOU MAY CHOSE MORE THAN ONE.

Q18. DO YOU HAVE SUGGESTIONS FOR “WELCOME TO WENDELL” SIGN LOCATIONS?

Q19. ARE THERE DESTINATIONS OR LANDMARKS THAT YOU THINK SHOULD HAVE INFORMATION OR DIREC-TIONAL SIGNS GUIDING VISITORS TO THAT LOCATION?

Green72.2%

White50.0%

Red38.9%“Coming o� the bypass”

“Getting o� bypass or coming from business 64…also on Zebulon side”

“Entrances into town”

“Town Hall, Police Dept, Town Square, Historic Post O¡ce, Cemetery”

“Historic Downtown..Historic Post O¡ce..Shopping..restaurants (WHEN we get some) Historic Residential”

“Government services”

“All government buildings, historic structures, parks, major attractions or destination points”

“Wendell Park, Greenmont Cemetery, Schools, Town Hall, etc.”

“I have a few people asking where the Mortex Outlet as well as Perry’s Guns from time to time.”

“Historic Downtown Wendell, Wendell Community Center, Ashley Square Park, Wendell Women’s Club, Farmer’s Market”




“�e goal should be for visitors to be able to traverse our community in a safe manner, while beautifying to area.”

“To direct to speci�c sites”

“Draw attention to the great facilities in Wendell”

“To make the “invite” to Wendell clear and welcoming. I think these signs are on the right track.”

“Downtown Historic district should be �rst, as this area has the most businesses, and should have the most visitors.”

“64 [Business] corridor, Marshburn, and Wendell Falls if it gets going”

“Near the bypass”

Q20. WHAT SHOULD BE THE GOAL OF THE WENDELL WAYFINDING SIGNAGE PROGRAM?

Q21. IF THE SIGNAGE PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED IN PHASES, WHAT AREAS OF WENDELL SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE FIRST PHASES?

“Helping people �nd common destinations”

“A warm welcome and easy navigation to our town. Similar to what downtown Raleigh did really improved getting around in that area.”

“Increase visibility of Wendell regionally, promote pride in community, direct visitors and residents”

“Gateways”

“Signage on Wendell Boulevard near the 264 intersection”

“Downtown Town limits”

“Entrances to Wendell”

“Gateway areas then downtown”

“First, to guide people from the bypass/perimeter into Wendell, then to guide them to major landmarks”

“Certainly to direct newcomers to points of interest. But, it must also be handsome in appearance and be appealing to the sign’s surroundings.”

“�e goal should be to stop talking about signs and actually implement them.”

Gateways �rst, then downtown, then the rest.”

“Entry portion of Wendell Blvd.”

“A way o� of the by-pass into Wendell”

“Direct people to business district, historic landmarks and town services”

“Gateways �rst - help people get into Wendell. �en downtown. �en �ll in the middle.”



Q17. WHAT SIGNS TYPES SHOULD BE FIRST PRIORITY?

Gateway81.3%

Historic Downtown31.3%

Ped Wayfinding12.5%

Auto Wayfinding12.5%




The process of signage development produced several logo and signage ideas. Shown here is a history of those ideas that were initially explored.

| DESCRIPTION | SIGNAGE HISTORYYour votes from the charrette:

Based on the charrette, several logos were developed. There were references to

Oliver Wendell Holmes, the proximity to the triangle, as well as Wendell’s historic

character and small town charm. The town’s current logo and a sample logo

from Deland, Fl were also included.

Your votes from the charrette:






























EST. 1903

WENDELLA Place to Call Home

WW E N D E L L

e s t a b l i s h e d 1903

We n d e l l est 1903

a place to call home

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

E s t a b l i s h e d 1 9 0 3

W E N D E L L, N C

Logo Designs

Logo Designs

WendellSmall Town Charm ~ Capital City Connection



| DESCRIPTION

The process of signage development produced several logo and signage ideas. Shown here is a history of those ideas that were initially explored.

| SIGNAGE HISTORYOPTION A OPTION B OPTION C OPTION D

LOGO OPTIONS

W E N D E L L N C

W E N D E L L N C

WE N D E L L N

C

1

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C OPTION D

LOGO OPTIONS

W E N D E L L N C

W E N D E L L N C

WE N D E L L N

C

1

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C OPTION D

LOGO OPTIONS

W E N D E L L N C

W E N D E L L N C

WE N D E L L N

C

1

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

D

O W N T O W N

HISTORIC

SINCE 1903

GAZEBO

FARMER’S MARKET

TRAIN DEPOT

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TECH PARK

WENDELL NC

DOWNTOWN

HIGH SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CENTER

Small Town, Big CharmW

EN D E L L N

C


HISTORIC DOWNTOWN

TOWN HALL

TECHNOLOGY PARK

HIGH SCHOOL

WENDELL NCSmall Town, Big Charm

WELCOME TO

WendellWendell

WendellWendell

WENDELL SHOPPING, EATING, AND ENTERTAINMENT AHEAD

Welcome Signage Way�nding Signage: pedestrian + automobile Historic District

NCSU Community Design Initiative :: September 10, 2012 :: Irene Sadler

SHOPPING, EATING, & ENTERTAINMENT AHEAD

HISTORIC GAZEBO

WENDELL COMMUNITY CENTER


WENDELL HISTORICCOMMERCIAL DISTRICT

Est. 1903


welcome to

WendellSmall Town, Big Charm





HISTORIC GAZEBO




Est. 1903


welcome to






HISTORIC GAZEBO




Est. 1903


welcome to


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