BULETIN OSH BIL 2/2015 EDISI COVER HITAM & PUTIH MEI – OGOS

2015

EdaranDalamanSahaja

SidangEditor ----------------------------------------------

Penaung

Tuan Haji Ismail Bin Talib

Penasihat

Dr. Seah Lay Hong

Ketua Editor

Mohd Riduan Md Bakhir

Editor

Nurul ‘Ain Azman

Nancy Gabril

Nurafina Nasid

Siti Halifah Mohamad Jasni

Grafik

Hairunnisa Mohd Anas Khan

Norekhsan Sidek

BULETIN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN KIMIA MALAYSIA

Utama: Mercury Clean-up Page 1 - 4

Tips for Getting Power Nap at Work Page 5 - 6

Biohazard Waste Disposal Chart Page 7

Houseplants for Improving Indoor Air Quality Page 8 - 9

Apakah Sawan Separa? Page 10 - 11

Mati Otak Page 12

Fire Safety in the Laboratory Page 13 - 15

Tergelincir, Tersadung dan Terjatuh di Tempat Kerja Page 16 - 17

Bahaya Keracunan Plumbum Kepada Kesihatan Page 18 - 19

Latent Health Problems of Latex Gloves on Glove Use Page 20

Taburan Insiden 2012-2014 di Jabatan Kimia Malaysia Page 21 - 22

Properties:

Elemental mercury (Hg) is a heavy, silvery metal that melts at -38.9oC and boils at 357oC. It is the only metal

that is liquid at room temperature.

The liquid droplet is very mobile and combines with other metals such as tin, copper, gold, and silver to

form alloys (solid solutions called amalgams)

Mercury has the highest volatility of any metal, forming a colorless, odorless gas.

Toxicity:

Acute exposure to high concentrations of mercury vapor causes severe respiratory damage.

Chronic exposure to lower levels is primarily associated with central nervous system disorder,

behavioral changes, and effects on the peripheral nervous system.

Persistence

Mercury is not biodegradable and persists in the environment.

In aquatic systems, mercury is transformed into organic forms, such as methyl mercury which is more toxic

than inorganic forms and bio accumulates in fish and other wildlife as it moves up the food chain.

Cleanup Procedure of Mercury Spills

Step 1 – Quickly determine the extent of the spill

Determine on what surfaces the mercury spilled and how far the mercury beads traveled.

Step 2 – Immediately block off foot traffic

Do not allow anyone to go near areas where the mercury traveled. If the extent of a small spill is not

immediately obvious, block off traffic for a radius of about 2 meters around the center of the spill.

Step 3 – Contain the spill

Prevent the mercury beads from traveling further by blocking their path with rags or impervious material.

If shoes or parts of clothing were contaminated, they should be removed and left around the spill area before

allowing the person to leave.Skin that was in contact with mercury should be washed with an alkaline soap.

By: Chen Siaw Mei

JKMC Kuching

1

Step 4 – Evacuate the area

Ask everyone to leave the room. Seek assistance to provide first-aid to anyone requiring immediate medical

attention.

Step 5 – Minimize the spread of vapors to interior areas

Close all interior doors that lead to other indoor areas. Turn off central ventilation, heating or air conditioning

systems that circulate air from the spill site to other inside areas of the building.

Step 6 – Reduce vapor concentrations in the spill area if possible

After making sure that outside areas are free of people, open the windows and exterior doors to dilute the vapor

concentrations in the room. Leave the room to ventilate for at least 15 minutes before starting cleanup.

Step 7 – Prepare for cleanup

Remove jewelry, watch, mobile phones, and other metal-containing items. Get the mercury spill kit.

Step 8 – Put on personal protective equipment (PPE)

Change to old clothes if possible. Put on the apron or coveralls, disposable shoe covers, rubber or nitrile gloves,

goggles, and face mask before re-entering the spill site.

Step 9 – Remove visible mercury beads and broken glass

Use tweezers to remove broken glass pieces and place them in the jar or wide-mouthed container over the tray.

Using a playing card or piece of plastic, slide the mercury beads onto the plastic dustpan. Carefully place the

mercury beads into the plastic container partially filled with water or vapor suppression agent. Do this over the

tray to catch any spillage. You can also use an eyedropper or syringe for small beads.

Step 10 – Search for and remove tiny mercury droplets

Search for any remaining droplets by shining the flashlight at different low angles to the floor and looking for

reflections from the shiny droplets and glass. For very tiny droplets, it may be easier to pick them up using sticky

tape. Place the sticky tape in the sealable plastic bag.

Step 11 – Clean up cracks and hard surfaces

Sprinkle sulfur powder on cracks and on hard surfaces that had come in contact with mercury; a color change in

the powder from yellow to reddish brown indicates that mercury is still present and more cleanup is needed. If

so, sprinkle zinc flakes or copper flakes to amalgamate any residual mercury. Use the brush to remove the metal

flakes and place them in the sealable plastic bag. An alternative way to clean hard surfaces after adding sulfur

powder is to wipe them with vinegar-soaked cotton swabs, followed by peroxide-soaked swabs. Place the swabs

in a sealable plastic bag.

2

Step 12 – Remove contaminated soft materials

Carpets, curtains and other soft materials cannot be cleaned easily. Use the knife to cut out pieces of carpet and

other soft materials that are contaminated with mercury. Place the contaminated materials in a sealable plastic

bag.

Step 13 – Clean out contaminated drains

If mercury was spilled over a drain or sink, work with the facility engineer to remove and replace the “J”, “U” or

“S” trap. Put a sheet of plastic or plastic tray under the work area to catch any mercury that might spill out and

transfer the mercury to the air-tight container.

Step 14 – Dispose of or decontaminate cleanup material

Place all contaminated materials used during the cleanup (including cards, plastic pieces, rags, sticky tape, piece of

soap, brush, etc) into a leak proof, sealable plastic bag.

Other items (tweezers, scoop, tray, utility knife, etc.) should either be disposed with the contaminated items

cleaned thoroughly with the decontaminant solution.

Step 15 – Label and seal all contaminated material

Ensure that the jar and container are filled with enough water to cover the elemental mercury and broken

glassware, close the jar and container tightly, label, and place each in a re-sealable plastic bag. Place all sealed

plastic bags with mercury-contaminated waste inside a second plastic bag, seal the outer bag using duct tape, and

affix a label and include a brief description of the contents.

Step 16 – Remove and dispose or decontaminate PPE

Dispose of the gloves, shoe covers, apron in the sealable plastic bag, which should be stored along with the

mercury waste. Decontaminate goggles and respirators or specialty face mask using the decontaminant solution.

Step 17 – Wash hands and all exposed skin

Use soap and water to scrub all exposed skin and rinse thoroughly

Step 18 – Ventilate the spill area

Once the cleanup is completed, you may turn the heat or circulation systems back on, but keep the door to this

room closed and the window open for 48 hours or more.

Step 19 – Write a report on the spill incident

Document the incident. The report can be used to improve safety in the facility.

3

ATTENTION:

Never use a regular vacuum cleaner to pick up the mercury and mercury-contaminated items. The

mercury will become airborne by way of the vacuum’s exhaust and spread the contamination.

Never use a broom to sweep up the mercury. It can break the mercury into smaller beads, spreading

them.

Never use household cleaning products to clean the spill, particularly products that contain ammonia

or chlorine. These chemicals will react violently with mercury, releasing a toxic gas.

Remove all jewelry before beginning cleanup as the mercury will bind to gold and silver.

Vapor suppression agents:

Sulfur powder to absorb mercury by forming mercuric sulfide

Zinc or copper flakes (available from hardware stores) to absorb mercury by forming amalgams

Commercial absorbent pads or vapor suppressants (contains a foam pad saturated with a suspension

containing small amounts of sodium thiosulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, and potassium iodide.)

Materials for decontamination

Vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, and cotton swabs for final cleaning when using sulfur powder

Decontaminant solution or commercial decontaminant

4

1. Don’t put your job in jeopardy

2. Get comfortable

3. Eat right

4. Wake up on time

5. Make it routine

6. Don’t feel guilty

An environment conducive to napping

is quiet, dark and free from

interruptions. If you sleep on a floor at

work, keep a mat (like a yoga mat that

rolls up) at work, and possibly a pillow

and blanket, if that makes you more

comfortable. Other tools of the trade

to consider – eye shades, ipod or

walkman with restful music, or specific

MP3 files designed to help you wind

down and fall asleep.

At many companies, sleeping on the

job is a firing offense. If you work in

an anti-nap environment do not simply

put your head down on the keyboard

and doze off. however, power naps

should still be possible --for example,

most employers won’t mind if you nap

during your coffee break or lunch

break, and it may be possible for you

to nap just before or after work

Avoid consuming caffeine, fat,

carbohydrates or sugar in the hours

before your nap as these foods make it

harder to get to sleep. In an ideal

scenario drinking a glass of warm milk

about an hour before you plan to nap

will encourage you to sleep.

Plan the length of your nap and set an

alarm for your desired awakening

time.

Napping is great for your health and

productivity. But even though most of

us know this, we often still feel as

though we are wasting time. This

feeling of guilt only impedes successful

power napping.

Sleeping at the same time of day, for the

same amount of time, and in the same

place will signal to your body that its

time to rest and rejuvenate with some

power shuteye.

5

Power Nap at Work

Do you know?

6

Power naps have recently been studied

more extensively by researchers and

found to yield many benefits such as

a boost in productivity at work,

lower stress, improved ability to

concentrate, and enhanced mood.

Researchers at the Salk Institute for

Biological Studies found that with a

nap, brain activity stays high

throughout the day; but without a

nap, brain activity declines over the

course of a day," says Dr. Deardorff.

Power napping

Twenty minutes of

sleep in the afternoon

recharges your body

and mind and provides

the extra push required

to have a successful,

productive day;

pleasing both you and

your employer.

About 63% of people are getting

6 hours or less of sleep at

night,which is at least 1.5 hours

fewer than they need.

As a result,More and more

employees are spending a

significant part of their

afternoon staring blankly at the

computer screen, or pinching

themselves to stay awake during

an afternoon staff meeting.

The main benefits of power napping include

improving alertness and memory retention,

sharpening motor skills and increasing

stamina. NASA(National Aeronautics and

Space Administration)sleep researchers have

found that a nap of just 26 minutes can boost

performance by 34 percent. Another NASA

study found that napping significantly

increases “working memory”, the ability to

focus attention on one task while holding

other tasks in memory, which is critical when

performing complex work.

By: Hairunnisa Mohd Anas Khan

JKMC Kuching

By: Nurafina Nasid

JKMC Kuching

7

Houseplants for improving indoor air quality

8

Prepared by: Nancy Gabril, JKMC Kuching

Source : Mdm. Nancy Lai http://www.todayshomeowner.com/best-houseplants-to-improve-indoor-air-quality/ http://www.mnn.com/health/healthy-spaces/photos/15-houseplants-for-improving-indoor-air-quality/a-breath-of-fresh-air

9

APAKAH SAWAN SEPARA?

SawanSeparaMudah

Pesakit dengan epilepsy jenis sawan separa mudah tidak akan hilang kesedaran semasa epilepsi.

Ada kalanya, mereka dapat bercakap hampir normal dengan orang lain, dan biasanya, mereka

dapat mengingati dengan betul apa yang telah berlaku pada diri mereka semasa berlakunya

sawan. Walaubagaimanapun, sawan separa mudah boleh mempengaruhi pergerakan, emosi, deria

rasa dan perasaan dalam cara yang luar biasa.

Apakah yang berlaku?

Pergerakan = Pergerakan yang di luar kawalan boleh berlaku pada mana-mana bahagian badan.

Contohnya, mata mungkin bergerak dari sisi kesisi, pergerakan luar biasa lidah dan mengecap-

ngecap bibir.

Emosi = Suatu perasaan takut yang datang secara tiba-tiba boleh berlaku akibat sawan separa

mudah yang berlaku dalam bahagian otak yang mengawal emosi.

Deria rasa = Kelima-lima deria rasa, sentuh, hidu, pendengaran, rasa dan pemandangan dikawal

oleh beberapa bahagian dalam otak.

Sawan Separa berlaku apabila terdapat gangguan aktiviti elektrik yang berlebihan dalam otak.

2 jenis sawan separa yang paling biasa ialah Sawan Separa Mudah dan Sawan Separa Kompleks.

Bagaimana saya tahu saya sedang mengalami

sawan ?

~Rasa tidak sedap perut

~Denyutan jantung menjadi cepat

~Sukar bernafas

~Rasa bukan realiti, seolah-olah seperti mimpi

~Perasaan gelisah, panik, bersemangat, takut,

sedih, atau gembira

~Rasa seolah-olah pernah pergi sesuatu tempat

atau melihat sesuatu benda– déjà vu

~Benda-benda yang biasa seolah-olah ganjil, tidak

dikenali–jamais vu

~Masa berlalu sangat cepat atau lambat

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By: Siti Halifah, JKMC Kuching

Apabila keadaan ini berlaku pada

orang yang tersayang, anda

seharusnya mengambil langkah-

langkah untuk melindungi mereka

daripada bahaya persekitaran

sehingga serangan berhenti

dengan sendirinya. Jangan berasa

takut kerana tanda-tanda dan

simptom-simptom yang terhasil

tidak mengancam keselamatan

anda.

Sawan Separa Kompleks

Ia merupakan suatu bentuk sawan „separa‟ kerana menggangu sebahagian otak

sahaja, „kompleks‟ kerana gangguan itu mempengaruhi sebilangan fungsi-fungsi

otak yang berlainan lalu menyebabkan perubahan dalam kesedaran. Iaju digelar

sawan lobus temporal kerana paling kerap mengganggu bahagian otak ini. Aktiviti

elektrikal yang berlebihan biasanya bermula di lobus temporal, tetapi boleh juga

tersebar kebahagian-bahagian otak yang lain.

Lobus temporal mengawal banyak fungsi, iaitu fungsi-fungsi jantung, salur darah,

pernafasan dan gastrousus, ingatan jangka pendek, pendengaran, penghiduan,

percakapan, emosi dan perasaan seksual. Tanda–tanda dan simptom-simptom yang

muncul semasa serangan sawan adalah akibat gangguan fungsi-fungsi ini, biasanya

berupa psikologi kala tau psikiatrik, maka kadang-kadang ia juga digelar sawan

psikomotor.

Biasanya ia lebih dialami dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Kebanyakan pesakit sawan

mempunyai corak sawan yang tertentu.Tempoh serangan mungkin berlanjutan

beberapa saat atau beberapa minit tetapi boleh juga berterusan sehingga 20 minit

atau lebih. Kecuali dalam keadaan yang jarang, biasanya otak akan memulihkan

serangan sawan dengan sendirinya.

Gangguan kesedaran yang berlaku semasa serangan sawan tidak bermakna

seseorang akan pitam tetapi ia menyebabkan seseorang mungkin berasa keliru

beberapa lama dan suka rmengingati apa yang telah berlaku selepas serangan

berakhir.

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Strok Yang Teruk (Angin Ahmar)

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Jangkitan Kuman Pada Otak –

Menyebabkan Pembengkakan Otak

Otak Hypoxia – Selepas Jantung

Terhenti/Nafas Terhenti

Barah Otak – Menyebabkan

Pembengkakan Otak

1. Definasi kematian

Kematian bermaksud semua fungsi di dalam badan terhenti.

2. Jenis jenis kematian Ada dua (2) jenis kematian:

a) Mati selepas jantung berhenti “Cardiac death”

b) Mati otak “Brain death”

a) Mati Secara Jantung Berhenti Ianya terjadi apabila jantung berhenti

berdegup dan pernafasan terhenti. Sekiranya jantung berhenti berdegup dan

tiada pernafasan, tiada aliran darah yang membawa oksigen ke otak, maka otak akan mati.

Apabila otak mati, bermakna seseorang itu telah mati.

b) Mati Otak Mati otak boleh berlaku apabila

keseluruhan otak termasuklah batang otak/brain stem (yang mengawal sistem pernafasan dan jantung), berhenti berfungsi.

Keadaan ini boleh berlaku sekiranya tiada aliran darah dan tiada oksigen yang sampai ke otak.

Kehilangan fungsi otak ini adalah kekal dan tidak boleh dipulihkan di mana seseorang pesakit itu tidak bernafas dan tidak bertindakbalas terhadap sebarang ransangan.

Di unit rawatan rapi, pesakit diberikan pernafasan melalui mesin ventilator.

Jantung pesakit masih lagi dapat berdegup buat sementara dengan bantuan sokongan, namun akhirnya tetap akan berhenti.

“Mati otak adalah merupakan 1-2% dari jumlah

keseluruhan kematian di hospital, tetapi boleh

meningkat setinggi 10-13% di unit

rawatan rapi”

3. Penyebab Mati Otak

4. Mekanisma kematian otak Jika berlaku kecederaan/kerosakan pada otak, contohnya, akibat dari kemalangan jalan raya, otak boleh membengkak dan berlaku pendarahan dalam otak. Oleh kerana otak dikelilingi rangka yang keras, pembengkakan (± pendarahan otak) ini akan menyebabkan tekanan yang tinggi di dalam kepala. Tekanan yang tinggi ini akan seterusnya menghalang aliran darah dari jantung sampai ke otak. Ini lebih memburukkan keadaan yang sedia ada di otak itu.

5. Pengesahan mati otak

Ujian pengesahan perlu dilakukan untuk mengesahkan kematian. Ujian ini dilakukan oleh dua doktor pakar dalam dua peringkat iaitu ujian pertama dan ujian kedua, 6 jam kemudian. Sekiranya ujian pertama menunjukkan mati otak, ujian kedua hanya mengesahkannya. Selepas ujian kedua menunjukkan mati otak, maka kematian telah disahkan dan mesin pernafasan akan dihentikan.

6. Kesimpulan

Mati otak adalah kematian/meninggal dunia.

7. Rujukan:

1. www.dermaorgan.gov.my 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Brain_death 3. http://www.livescience.com/42301-brain-death-

body-alive.html

D i s e d i a k a n o l e h :

A i s h a h A b d u l A z i z

J K M C K u c h i n g

12

Fire Safety in the Laboratory Fire hazard is one of the hazards that can occur in a laboratory. Knowledge and awareness on

how to act when types of fire and which fire extinguishers to use can help prevent major accident

from occuring.

Do you know what the fire hazards that are in your laboratory? Type of materials and how they should be used?

Reaction and hazard potential?

Proper storage methods?

Emergency response procedures?

Special considerations when working with material?

Have you inspected your lab for fire hazards?

Do you know the location of the safety equipment in and around your laboratory? Take the time now to locate your nearest:

i) Fire extinguisher.

ii) Emergency eye wash station.

iii) Emergency showers.

iv) Spill clean up material.

v) Alarm pull box.

Do you know these additional fire safety tips? i) Outlets should never be overloaded with multiple plugs.

ii) Do not use extension cords.

iii) Use multi outlet devices that have their own self contained circuit breaker.

Classification of Fires Fires are classified according to the materials they burn.

Class A Fires –Combustibles such as: wood, paper, boxes, plastic, packing material etc.

Class B Fires – Ignition of flammable liquids such as: solvents, kerosene, grease etc..

Class C Fires – Fires arising from electrical equipment such as: AC outlets, wiring, appliances,

flammable gases etc.

Class D Fires – Combustible metal fires such as: Mg, K, Na, Al, Titanium, Lithium (includes

powders and swarfs).

Class K Fires – Fires in cooking utensils and appliances caused by oils and fats.

13

Summary of Fires and Fire extinguishers

Extinguisher

type

Type of Fire Examples of Fire type Commentary

Water Class A only Ordinary materials, paper,

wood, boxes, plastics, packings

Not recommended for lab

or electrical fires; leaves

area water-logged

Water mist Class A

Where possible

class C hazard

exists.

Hospital environments, books,

clean-rooms, MRI and NMR

rooms

Misting nozzle provide

safety from electrical shock

and reduce scattering of

burning material

Dry chemical

(powder)

• BC - Na or

K carbonate

• ABC -

ammonium

phosphate

Class A

Class B

Class C

Ordinary materials

Combustible liquids, solvents

and gases.

Electrical fires, appliances

Overlaying powder

reduces re-ignition

Leaves sticky or

corrosive residue

that can damage

electrical equipment

Isolate gas supply

first for gas fires

Disconnect power

for electrical fires

14

Dry metal

powder

• Copper

agent

• NaCl agent

Class D only Combustible metal fires :

(Cu) Metal and lithium alloys

(Nacl) Mg, Na, K, Uranium and

Al

(Cu) Powder adhere

to vertical surfaces

(NaCl) Cakes over

surface, excludes

air, dissipates heat

Carbon

dioxide

CO2

Class A

Class B

Class C

Every day combustible

materials

Flammable solvents and

electrically charged equipment

and appliances

Flammable gases

Leaves no harmful

residue, but may re-

ignite with class A

fires

Disable gas and

electricity supply if

necessary

Caution! Reacts

with class D fires

Foam

(Film

forming)

Class A

Class B

Combustible solids

Flammable liquids

Not recommended but safer

than water if inadvertantly

used on electrical fires

Wet chemical

(Sprayer)

Class A

Class F

Class K

Wood, paper, fabrics etc..

Fats, Lard, vegetable oils

Animal oil, cooking oil, butter

Flash prevention

spray

Soapy foam

prevents re-ignition

How To Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher The easiest way to remember how to use a portable fire extinguisher is to use the acronym:

Pull : Pull the safety pin.

Aim : Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames.

Squeeze : Squeeze the trigger while holding the extinguisher upright.

Sweep : Sweep the extinguisher from side to side, covering all areas of the fire with

extinguishing agent.

By: Amelia Lim Tzing Woon, JKMC Kuching

15

BAHAYA “TERGELINCIR, TERSADUNG DAN TERJATUH”

Kejadian tergelincir, tersadung atau terjatuh mungkin sekali pernah dialami oleh kita semua. Ia

mungkin disebabkan oleh kelekaan kita ketika terlampau berfikir tentang masalah peribadi, atau kelalaian

ketika melakukan sesuatu pekerjaan. Tergelincir ketika menuruni tangga, atau tersadung ketika melalui

permukaan jalan yang tidak sekata merupakan antara contoh kejadian ini, yang boleh mengakibatkan kesan

seperti lebam biasa hingga kepada kecederaan yang serius seperti patah anggota badan.

Menurut satu kajian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2004 oleh “American Council on Exercise”, pekerja

dalam kumpulan yang menjalankan kerja yang kurang aktif (seperti kerja pejabat) mempunyai purata 4,327

langkah di tempat kerja, dan pekerja dalam kumpulan yang menjalankan kerja yang agak aktif (seperti kerja di

tapak pembinaan) mempunyai purata 18,904 langkah di tempat kerja. Dengan banyaknya langkah yang

dilakukan oleh kita pada setiap hari, peluang untuk kita terdedah kepada bahaya tergelincir, tersadung atau

terjatuh adalah sangat tinggi.

ANTARA Punca-Punca

Tergelincir

Permukaan lantai yang

tidak sesuai - Contoh:

Memasang jubin yang licin

di tempat yang

kebiasaannya terdedah

kepada keadaan basah.

Keadaan permukaan lantai

- Contoh: Berminyak,

basah, atau berhabuk.

Permukaan lantai yang

tidak sekata atau senget

disebabkan

pengubahsuaian yang tidak

betul.

Sistem pengaliran atau

perpaipan yang tidak

sempurna - menyebabkan

air melimpah atau menitis

ke lantai.

Pemakaian kasut yang

tidak sesuai.

ANTARA Punca-Punca

Tersadung

Permukaan lantai yang

tidak diselenggara

dengan baik - Contoh:

permukaan simen atau

jubin telah retak atau

pecah, atau terdapat

permukaan karpet yang

terlipat.

Objek rendah yang sukar

dilihat - Contoh: wayar

elektrik atau plug di

lantai.

Pandangan seseorang

terhalang disebabkan

membawa objek yang

besar seperti kotak.

Kawasan tangga gelap

atau tidak mempunyai

pencahayaan yang

mencukupi.

Laluan untuk lalu lalang

dijadikan tempat

menyimpan barang.

ANTARA Punca-Punca

Terjatuh

Sistem kerja yang tidak

betul - Contoh:

penggunaan tangga yang

rosak atau kerusi ketika

hendak mengambil barang

di tempat simpanan yang

tinggi, atau menuruni

tangga sambil membawa

barangan.

Bekerja di tempat tinggi

tanpa memakai alat

keselamatan untuk

mengelakkan dari terjatuh.

Ruang kerja yang gelap.

Permukaan lantai yang

tidak sekata.

Disumbangkan oleh: Asfarina Jamal Mohideen, Haznan Hashim, Mohamad Zulfitri Rosli, Norhaiza Jamaluddin, Mohd Afiq Mohd Puzi (Jabatan Kimia Malaysia, Pulau Pinang)

16

Tips mencegah Tergelincir, tersadung

dan terjatuh

Bersihkan sisa tumpahan di lantai seperti air atau

minyak dengan segera.

Elakkan daripada melalui laluan yang baru selesai

dilap atau dimop.

Pastikan wayar elektrik dan telefon dikemaskan dan

elakkan ia daripada terdedah di laluan.

Letakkan barangan yang selalu digunakan di

tempat yang mudah dicapai.

Pakai kasut yang mempunyai sokongan yang baik

dan tapak anti-gelincir.

Susun atur perabot pejabat untuk menyediakan

laluan berjalan yang terbuka dan tidak terhalang.

Pasang pemegang pada kedua-dua belah pada anak

tangga.

Pastikan laluan pejalan kaki dan ruang tangga

mempunyai pencahayaan yang mencukupi.

Periksa secara berkala keadaan laluan atau tangga,

dan baiki jika terdapat kerosakan.

Jangan sesekali berdiri di atas kerusi, meja, atau

alatan lain yang mempunyai roda.

Jika menggunakan tangga lipat atau aluminium,

pastikan anda sentiasa mengekalkan ‘three point

contact’ pada setiap masa. Contoh - Dua kaki dan

satu tangan; atau dua tangan dan satu kaki.

LOKASI BERLAKUNYA KEJADIAN

Pintu-pintu masuk/keluar.

Laluan pejalan yang tidak tersusun.

Kawasan dengan permukaan tidak rata.

Kawasan yang terdedah kepada air.

Kawasan kerja yang tidak stabil.

Kawasan kerja yang tinggi.

Tangga lipat.

Anak tangga.

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ArtikelDisumbangkanoleh: Asfarina Jamal Mohideen, Haznan

Hashim, Mohamad Zulfitri Bin Rosli, NorhaizaJamaluddin,

MohdAfiqMohdPuzi (Jabatan Kimia Malaysia Pulau Pinang)

Bahaya Keracunan kepada Kesihatan

Oleh: Asfarina Jamal Mohideen, Haznan Hashim, Mohd Zulfitri Rosli, Norhaiza Jamaluddin, Mohd Afiq Mohd Puzi, Lee Li Fern

[Jabatan Kimia Malaysia Cawangan Pulau Pinang]

Keracunan Plumbum

Masuk ke dalam badan melalui makanan dan minuman

Tertelan bahan yang tinggi dengan plumbum contohnya seperti bateri

Pencemaran plumbum susah disedari kerana plumbum tidak dapat dihidu, dilihat dan dirasa

Sumber Pencemaran Plumbum

Cat lama pada bangunan lama, tin cat/ mainan lama berasaskan plumbum

Pencemaran bekalan air paip, saluran penyambungan paip dan sistem paip itu sendiri yang menghasilkan pencemaran akibat hakisan dalam dinding saluran paip tersebut

Pencemaran tanah serta sumber air dan udara yang tercemar

Simpton Keracunan

sakit dan kejang perut tingkah laku agresif anemia sembelit sukar tidur mudah marah perkembangan kanak-kanak terencat hilang selera makan letih lesu rasa kebas muntah, lemah otot, sawan dan koma

(keracunan pada paras tinggi)

Keracunan Plumbum Kepada Golongan

Dewasa

Menyebabkan kerosakan buah pinggang & saraf

Keracunan paras tinggi boleh menyebabkan sawan, tidak sedarkan diri dan kematian

Keracunan Plumbum Kepada Golongan

Kanak-Kanak

Pendedahan kepada plumbum dos yang kecil boleh menyebabkan kerosakan kekal dikalangan kanak-kanak dan janin dalam kandungan

Keracunan plumbum boleh menyebabkan kerencatan perkembangan otak dan saraf kanak-kanak

Semakin kecil kanak-kanak, semakin besar risikonya

Janin yang masih dalam kandungan ialah golongan yang paling berisiko tinggi

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Rujukan :http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lead-poisoning/basics/definition/con-20035487

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm

http://sabahaninfo.blogspot.com/2011/03/keracunan-logam-berat-plumbum.html

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LLaatteenntt HHeeaalltthh PPrroobblleemmss ooff LLaatteexx GGlloovveess oonn GGlloovvee UUssee

Gloves play

very important

roles in protecting staff

who working in health care

services and laboratory

from exposure

of blood borne

viruses as well

as dangerous

chemicals used

in laboratory.

However,

wearing gloves only will

not give adequate

safety to the analyst

andshould be in combination with

other personal protective

equipment assurance.

Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogen (ACDP) recommends (1) gloves should be worn for all work with material known or suspected of containing hazard group 3 biological agents; (2) and a supply of suitable disposable gloves in various sizes and materials should be available in the laboratory. NOW, a question arise: “Any latent health issuescamefrom latex gloves on glove user such as allergy?”The ANSWER is YES. So what is the situation now?Latex gloves play a role in protecting wearer from dangerous blood born viruses and dangerous chemicals or introducing health problems to the wearer? In 1990s, there was a steady increasing in number of reported cases of respiratory health problem such as asthma and skin problem such as allergy particularly in health care and bio-science laboratory. Said Nigel Corby,anuniversity safety adviser. Wearing latex gloves can lead to several health problems such as Type l allergic reaction which have symptoms including hives (localized or generalized rash on contacted area, nflammation of mucous membrane in nose, red and swollen eye as well as asthma-like symptoms. In addition, latex gloves also can lead toirritant contact dermatitis, said Corby which giving symptoms including redness, soreness or cracking of skin in areas where exposed to the gloves. Those wearers who in the above reported cases also experienced Type lV allergic reactionswhich having symptoms including dermatitis and itching with oozing red blisters which

localized to the hands and arms of wearers.

Chemical accelerators used in transforming latex to a firm rubbery consistency in glove production are known allergens. Latex gloves usually powdered with corn

starch after its production

which ensures gloves to

have tear-resistance capability when user wearing the glove without tearing the gloves. This cornstarch will binds with the accelerator proteins in gloves and allow them to in contact with skin. Besidesthat, it also absorbs the oil, the natural barrier on our hands and caused hands become dry and easy to crack which make the allergens to go into

our bodies and finally lead to health problem stated above.

Latex glove should have proteincontent less than 50micrograms/gram, suggested by Nigel Corby and laboratory should avoid glove described by manufacturers as “hypoallergenic” or “low protein” but does not stated the protein content clearly.In order to prevent such health problems occurred to us who practicing analysis in various laboratory, there are some suggestions regarding on hand hygiene and disposable glove use.(1) Your hands should be washed and dried thoroughly before puttingthe glove on and after removed the glove. (2) Never wash and re-use the disposable gloves and gloves must be disposed of between procedure to prevent cross contamination and/or cross-infections. (3) if need to stop work immediately like to answer a call, kindly remove and discard the glove and replace with new glove after back business. Last but not least, (4) always apply suitablehand moisturizing cream after hand washing can prevent skin drying. In conclusion, management of laboratory shouldtaking this issue seriously by ordering suitable gloves for the staffs to prevent them risking their own health even life due to health problem from their personal protective equipment. Work safe! 20 Prepared by: Mr. GOH TEIK AUN, B.Sc (Forensic Science) (honors)USM

21

Jabatan Kimia Malaysia merupakan sebuah jabatan yang komited dalam

pengamalan OSH. Pelbagai aktiviti telah disediakan untuk kakitangan

dalam memastikan objektif OSH jabatan tercapai.

Taburan insiden sepanjang 2012 hingga 2014 telah menunjukkan Jabatan

Kimia Malaysia telah berada pada landasan yang betul dalam mencapai

objektif OSH yang pertama iaitu “Mencapai Kemalangan Sifar”.

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Disediakan oleh: Mohd Riduan Md Bakhir Norekhsan Sidek Sumber: Laporan Insiden 2012, 2013 & 2014