siani expert group: food security and energy access
TRANSCRIPT
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Linkages and synergies between
energy access and food security
at household level
SIANI Expert Group
Caroline Ochieng, PhD
Research Fellow, Stockholm Environment Institute
SIANI Annual Meeting
January 21, 2015
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Expert group goal
To bring to public attention the unexplored links between energy access and food security; and to identify research, policy and implementation gapsFocus
areas of the expert
group
Food production
Example: Joint Food-Energy
production systems
Food Processing
Example: Food wastes used in agroprocessing
Food Utiliastion
Example: Energy efficient wood stoves
that also produce biochar for boosting
farm productivity
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Sweden/
Europe
Stockholm Environment Institute
SLU – Crop Production Ecology
SLU Cassava Initiative
Swedish Church
Africa ICRAF, Kenya
Practical Action, Kenya
LUANAR, University of Malawi
Kumasi Institute of Technology & Environment (Ghana)
Global Kande Yumkellah
SE4All
FAO regional office for Africa
Membership
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Activites
• Consolidate information on synergies and links between energy access and food security – literature review
• Bring to public attention the unexplored links between energy access and food security – workshops, publications
• Facilitate on the ground knowledge exchange and capacity building – Exchange visits
• Suggest areas for future interdisciplinary research –research proposals, expert advice to funding calls
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Motivation: Energy access in situation in sub-
Saharan Africa
http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/PowerPoint_Energy_Access_paper-lr.pdf
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Global/regional
Local harvesting
Household use
SafetyDrudgery
Time useHealth
Personal security
Deforestation
Reduced education of children
Time use of women
Tropospheric ozone
Climate change
Outdoor particle pollution
Glacier melting
Documented impacts
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Missing link: energy access and food
security
Food security exists “when all people
at all times have access to sufficient,
safe, nutritious food to maintain a
healthy and active life” World Food
Summit, 1996
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Key components
Storage: Food wastes and food poisoning
Processing: Long walks and long queues
Utilisation: cooking smoke and ill-health
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Activity 1: Review of impacts of energy access on
household food security and nutrition
Phosiso Sola (CIFOR) Muyuki Iliyama (ICRAF)
Caroline Ochieng (SEI) Jummai Yila (AFF)
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Hypotheses
• Dietary choices and cooking practices are influenced by access to energy
• Poor access to cooking fuel leads to reallocation of household resources, either time or money, to procurement of fuel rather than food
• Lack of energy impacts of productivity e.g. through switch to agricultural residues, making them unavailable for agriculture
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Methodology – systemmatic review
Article search and screening• Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar
• Title and abstract screening -170
• Full text 127
Criteria for selection• Focus on SSA and energy (all forms)
• Link to energy /food security/nutrition and
gender and or Livelihoods
• All articles; whether published as journals or
project reports.
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Articles selected for review
• Picture?
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Key findings
• Very few studies addressed both energy access and food security. Only one food and nutrition study addressed energy access.
• Results inconclusive due to few studies, and only one clearly addressed the link between fuel availability and household food choices.
• But ...several studies show that people adjust livelihoods to cope with fuelwood scarcity ...in ways that have been shown to impact on food security
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Conclusion and
Recommendations • “Clearly, there is a strong argument in favour of further
research [on food-fuel connection], not to settle an academic question, but rather to help define directions for future action both in terms of increasing fuelwoodproduction and improving nutrition” – FAO, 1990.
• Prevailing uncertainty needs to be urgently addressed; it leads to assumptions that there is no link between energy access and food security, and missed opportunity for addressing the goals jointly.
• Lack of evidence should be interprated as lack of research; not lack of association
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Next steps
Literature reviews
• Publication: Links between energy access and food security in sub Saharan Africa: An exploratory review, led by CIFOR - January 30, 2015
• Publication of policy brief on Opportunities for joint food and energy production in Malawi – January 30, 2015
• Review on waste recycling to maximize energy and food output, led by SLU – Ongoing; February 28, 2015
Meetings
• Breakfast dialogues with policy makers/stakeholders (Malawi, Kenya, Stockholm) – March 30, 2015
• Stakeholder workshop – April 30, 2015
Research proposals
• Ongoing
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Thank You
http://www.siani.se/expert-groups/food-security-and-energy-access