Show Goat NutritionShow Goat Nutrition

Gary Lynch, Ph.D.Gary Lynch, Ph.D.

Land O’Lakes Purina FeedLand O’Lakes Purina Feed

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• Nutritional requirementsNutritional requirements

• Management FactorsManagement Factors

• Hot TopicsHot Topics

• ProductsProducts

• RuminantsRuminants

– But Not Little CowsBut Not Little Cows

• BrowsersBrowsers

• Feeding for Show: Want Feeding for Show: Want to Maximize Growth, to Maximize Growth, muscling and “beauty”. muscling and “beauty”.

GOATS ARE MOST LIKE?GOATS ARE MOST LIKE?

#1 #2 #3 “OUT”

•ProteinProtein•FiberFiber•Energy – Carbohydrates Energy – Carbohydrates and Fat and Fat •Vitamin and Minerals Vitamin and Minerals •WaterWater

A Well Balanced Diet:A Well Balanced Diet:

REQUIREMENTS:REQUIREMENTS:

FEED DIGESTION IN GOATSFEED DIGESTION IN GOATS

RumenStomach

Microorganisms

Diet

Microorganisms

Blood Amino Acids

Sm

all In

testin

e

Blood Fatty Acids, etc.

Undigested Feed Particles

THE RUMEN THE RUMEN

• Huge microbial fermentation vatHuge microbial fermentation vat

• In one mL of rumen fluid you would findIn one mL of rumen fluid you would find 10 billion bacteria10 billion bacteria 1 million protozoa1 million protozoa 10 thousand fungi10 thousand fungi

• Two main types of microbesTwo main types of microbes Fiber digesting Fiber digesting Starch digestingStarch digesting

FEED DIGESTION IN GOATSFEED DIGESTION IN GOATS

RumenStomach

Microorganisms

Diet

Microorganisms

Blood Amino Acids

Sm

all In

testin

e

Blood Fatty Acids, etc.

Undigested Feed Particles

WHEN RUMEN BUGSWHEN RUMEN BUGS GO BAD………… GO BAD…………

It’s not their fault – it’s whatIt’s not their fault – it’s whatthey are fed!they are fed!

PROBLEMS/DISEASESPROBLEMS/DISEASESOF THE RUMINANT OF THE RUMINANT

• ACIDOSISACIDOSIS

• Acute - Too much grain at one time/mealAcute - Too much grain at one time/meal Lots of grain results in high volatile fatty acid Lots of grain results in high volatile fatty acid

productionproduction

• Sub-acute - High concentrate dietSub-acute - High concentrate diet Low roughageLow roughage

Reduced saliva/buffer productionReduced saliva/buffer production Variable intake Variable intake

WHAT HAPPENS TO MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT pH

PROBLEMS/DISEASESPROBLEMS/DISEASESOF THE RUMINANT OF THE RUMINANT

• BLOATBLOAT

– Carbon dioxide & methane build-upCarbon dioxide & methane build-up

– Blockage not allowing animal to belchBlockage not allowing animal to belch

• FROTHY BLOATFROTHY BLOAT

– Carbon dioxide & methaneCarbon dioxide & methane

– Bubbles are hard to popBubbles are hard to popBloatBloat

PROTEINPROTEIN(AMINO ACIDS)(AMINO ACIDS)

• The building blocks for muscleThe building blocks for muscle

• Required for milk protein (casein)Required for milk protein (casein)

• From two sources:From two sources:

– Dietary and rumen microbesDietary and rumen microbes

• Require “amount” not “percent”Require “amount” not “percent”

• % fed dependant on feed intake and % fed dependant on feed intake and forage qualityforage quality

KID GOAT – 40 LBKID GOAT – 40 LB

• 1.1 lb/day DM intake (.500 kg), gain 0.33 1.1 lb/day DM intake (.500 kg), gain 0.33 lb/daylb/day

• Protein:Protein: 80 grams required80 grams required

– 80 / 500 = 16% protein80 / 500 = 16% protein

• Most Kid Goat Starter/grower diets are Most Kid Goat Starter/grower diets are 16 16 – 18% protein– 18% protein

• Once 50 lb +, Once 50 lb +, 15-16%15-16% is more than is more than adequateadequate

FIBERFIBER

• An energy sourceAn energy source

• Structural carbohydrates:Structural carbohydrates:

– Cellulose, hemi-celluloseCellulose, hemi-cellulose

• Ruminant are designed to utilize fiberRuminant are designed to utilize fiber

• Fiber (structural carbohydrates) required for Fiber (structural carbohydrates) required for healthy rumen fermentationhealthy rumen fermentation

• Fiber is an expensive component in feedsFiber is an expensive component in feeds

FATFAT(ENERGY)(ENERGY)

• Not routinely supplemented – Not routinely supplemented –

• Provides extra energyProvides extra energy

– Part of grains in dietPart of grains in diet

– 2-3% of standard diets2-3% of standard diets

• Higher fat diets can be fed to dairy and Higher fat diets can be fed to dairy and meat/show goatsmeat/show goats

– 3 – 4 %3 – 4 %

– Fatty acids will improve hair coatFatty acids will improve hair coat

ENERGYENERGY

• From: From:

– Fiber (structural CHO)Fiber (structural CHO)

–Grains / starch (non-structural CHO)Grains / starch (non-structural CHO)

– FatFat

–ProteinProtein

• Macro Minerals:Macro Minerals:

– Ca, P, Mg, KCa, P, Mg, K

– Ca:P 2 : 1 ratioCa:P 2 : 1 ratio

• Trace MineralsTrace Minerals

– Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, chromium?cobalt, chromium?

MINERALS IN GOAT NUTRITIONMINERALS IN GOAT NUTRITIONMINERALS IN GOAT NUTRITIONMINERALS IN GOAT NUTRITION

Key Interactions

CoP

Se

Fe

Ca

CuMnMo

I

Mg

Zn

As

S

FKNa

Cl

Ca PK MgMo, S CuZn CuFe Zn, Cu

MINERAL INTERACTIONS

VITAMINSVITAMINS

• Microbes in the rumen will synthesize Microbes in the rumen will synthesize B-vitaminsB-vitamins

• Supplement fat-soluble vitaminsSupplement fat-soluble vitamins

–Vitamin A, E and D3Vitamin A, E and D3

• Vitamin E requirements have increased Vitamin E requirements have increased with the new NRC nutrient guidelineswith the new NRC nutrient guidelines

• Copper!Copper!

– Goats Need More Than Sheep Goats Need More Than Sheep Sheep Need 8-10 Ppm Total DietSheep Need 8-10 Ppm Total Diet

– How Much Is Enough for Goats?How Much Is Enough for Goats?

– 15-25 ppm copper15-25 ppm copper

NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPIC:NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPIC:

FEEDING FEEDING • Goats are ruminantsGoats are ruminants

– Productivity depends on rumen function and the Productivity depends on rumen function and the ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber, carbs ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber, carbs and protein and subsequently, to supply the and protein and subsequently, to supply the animal with needed nutrientsanimal with needed nutrients

– Increase grain levels slowly to avoid acidosisIncrease grain levels slowly to avoid acidosis

– Limit feeding of grains in order to maintain an Limit feeding of grains in order to maintain an optimum pH in the rumen on rumen function and optimum pH in the rumen on rumen function and the ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber, the ability of rumen microbes to digest fiber, carbs and protein and subsequently, to supply the carbs and protein and subsequently, to supply the animal with needed nutrientsanimal with needed nutrients

– Complete high-fiber pelleted diets help avoid Complete high-fiber pelleted diets help avoid sorting and reduce the potential for acidosis.sorting and reduce the potential for acidosis.

PELLETED DIETSPELLETED DIETS• Goats – Don’t like Pellets?????Goats – Don’t like Pellets?????

– Not TrueNot True

• Goats eat what they are acustomed toGoats eat what they are acustomed to

• Goats – very good at sorting feedGoats – very good at sorting feed

• Grains are more palatableGrains are more palatable

• Long pellets – not as palatableLong pellets – not as palatable

DRY MATTER FEED INTAKEDRY MATTER FEED INTAKE

• Goats will consume 3 – 7.0% of their body Goats will consume 3 – 7.0% of their body weight per dayweight per day

– 50 lb kid: 1.5 - 2 lb per day50 lb kid: 1.5 - 2 lb per day

– 150 lb doe: 2 – 3 lb per day150 lb doe: 2 – 3 lb per day

• Goats require “amounts” of nutrients, not Goats require “amounts” of nutrients, not percentagespercentages

MEDICATED DIETS FOR KIDSMEDICATED DIETS FOR KIDS

• YES!YES!

• Medications limited for goatsMedications limited for goats

• Coccidiostats approved – recommended Coccidiostats approved – recommended for kids, especially on dry-lot programsfor kids, especially on dry-lot programs

– DeccoxDeccox

– RumensinRumensin

Urinary Calculi!Urinary Calculi!

• Formation of Large Crystals in UrethraFormation of Large Crystals in Urethra

FemaleFemale

MaleMale

NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPICS:NUTRITIONAL HOT TOPICS:

• Early CastrationEarly Castration

• Water ProvisionWater Provision

• Salt AvailabilitySalt Availability

• Breed – PygmiesBreed – Pygmies

MANAGEMENT FACTORS:MANAGEMENT FACTORS:

Water, Water, Water, Water, Water, Water

• HIGH Phosphorus (P)HIGH Phosphorus (P)

• Calcium to :P ImbalanceCalcium to :P Imbalance

• Urinary AcidifierUrinary Acidifier

– Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride

NUTRITIONAL FACTORS:NUTRITIONAL FACTORS:

GOAT MINERAL GOAT MINERAL

• Properly Formulated for all Breeds at All Life-StagesProperly Formulated for all Breeds at All Life-Stages

• Mineral Balance to Enhance Available ForagesMineral Balance to Enhance Available Forages

• Goat Specific Formula (same as 25# formula)Goat Specific Formula (same as 25# formula)

– 1.2:1 Ca to P1.2:1 Ca to P

– Copper = “No Sheep”Copper = “No Sheep”

– Encourage HEncourage H220 consumption for urinary health0 consumption for urinary health

• ““Wind & Rain” technologyWind & Rain” technology

• 25# Bag25# Bag

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Goats are UniqueGoats are Unique

• Manage for SuccessManage for Success

• Have Fun!Have Fun!

• Now, Here’s KGB on Products!Now, Here’s KGB on Products!

FEEDING GOATS FOR FEEDING GOATS FOR SHOWSHOW

Dr. Kevin BurgoonDr. Kevin Burgoon

NutritionistNutritionist

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTSNUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

• Factors affecting nutrient requirementsFactors affecting nutrient requirements

– Gender (sex of animal)Gender (sex of animal)

– Stage of growthStage of growth

– Performance (growth vs visual)Performance (growth vs visual)

– Lean growth potentialLean growth potential

– EnvironmentEnvironment

– Health StatusHealth Status

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTSNUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Avg Animal Top 10%

(Show animals)

HSC SHOWGOAT PROGRAMHSC SHOWGOAT PROGRAM

• N-Timidator Goat Ration R-20N-Timidator Goat Ration R-20

• X-Clamation Goat DXX-Clamation Goat DX

HIGH OCTANE SUPPLEMENTSHIGH OCTANE SUPPLEMENTS

• POWER FUELPOWER FUEL– Improve coverImprove cover

– Improve feed efficiencyImprove feed efficiency

– Improve circulation & respiratory systemsImprove circulation & respiratory systems

– 4 to 8 ounces per day4 to 8 ounces per day

• CHAMPION DRIVECHAMPION DRIVE– Improve top shapeImprove top shape

– Improve muscle definitionImprove muscle definition

– 8 ounces per day8 ounces per day

PUSHINGPUSHING

• N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 4% of N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 4% of bodyweightbodyweight

• ½ lbs per day (or more) High Octane Power ½ lbs per day (or more) High Octane Power FuelFuel

• ½ lbs per day Champion Drive Topdress½ lbs per day Champion Drive Topdress

LIMITING WEIGHT GAINLIMITING WEIGHT GAIN

• N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 1 to 1 1/2 lbs N-Timidator / HSC X-Clamation 1 to 1 1/2 lbs per dayper day

• High Octane Power Fuel ¼ lbs per dayHigh Octane Power Fuel ¼ lbs per day

• Champion Drive Topdress ¼ lbs per dayChampion Drive Topdress ¼ lbs per day

ADDED DIMENSIONADDED DIMENSION

• More cover – Power FuelMore cover – Power Fuel

• More top – Champion DriveMore top – Champion Drive

QuestionsQuestions

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