Shoulder Shoulder JointJoint

Shoulder ComplexShoulder Complex The Glenohumeral joint is the most mobile The Glenohumeral joint is the most mobile

joint in the body. The shoulder complex joint in the body. The shoulder complex consists of the scapula, clavicle, sternum, consists of the scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus and rib cage. The joints involved humerus and rib cage. The joints involved in the shoulder complex are the in the shoulder complex are the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint and joint, glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic articulation.scapulothoracic articulation.

The shoulder girdle is defined as the The shoulder girdle is defined as the scapula and clavicle. The shoulder joint is scapula and clavicle. The shoulder joint is the articulation between the scapula and the articulation between the scapula and humerus at the glenoid fossa.humerus at the glenoid fossa.

Shoulder ComplexShoulder Complex

Motions available at the shoulder Motions available at the shoulder joint are flexion, extension, joint are flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral adduction, medial and lateral rotation, horizontal abduction and rotation, horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction.horizontal adduction.

Muscles of the Shoulder JointMuscles of the Shoulder Joint Deltoid Deltoid SupraspinatusSupraspinatus Pectoralis majorPectoralis major Latissiumus dorsiLatissiumus dorsi Teres majorTeres major InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres minorTeres minor SubscapularisSubscapularis CoracobrachialisCoracobrachialis Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii Triceps brachii (long head)Triceps brachii (long head)

Anterior DeltoidAnterior Deltoid

Anterior DeltoidAnterior Deltoid

O: Lateral third of clavicleO: Lateral third of clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosityI: Deltoid tuberosity A: Shoulder abduction, flexion, A: Shoulder abduction, flexion,

medial rotation and horizontal medial rotation and horizontal adductionadduction

N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6) N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Middle DeltoidMiddle Deltoid

O: Acromion processO: Acromion process I: Deltoid tuberosityI: Deltoid tuberosity A: Shoulder abductionA: Shoulder abduction N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Posterior DeltoidPosterior Deltoid

O: Spine of scapulaO: Spine of scapula I: Deltoid tuberosityI: Deltoid tuberosity A: Shoulder abduction, extension, A: Shoulder abduction, extension,

hyperextension, lateral rotation, hyperextension, lateral rotation, horizontal abductionhorizontal abduction

N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Supraspinatus Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus Supraspinatus

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapulaO: Supraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of the humerusI: Greater tubercle of the humerus A: Shoulder abductionA: Shoulder abduction N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

*Rotator Cuff Muscle**Rotator Cuff Muscle*

Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major

Pectoralis Major; Clavicular PortionPectoralis Major; Clavicular Portion

O: Medial third of clavicleO: Medial third of clavicle I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of

humerushumerus A: Shoulder flexion (first 60 degrees)A: Shoulder flexion (first 60 degrees) N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve

(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

Pectoralis Major; Sternal PortionPectoralis Major; Sternal Portion

O: Sternum, costal cartilage of first O: Sternum, costal cartilage of first six ribssix ribs

I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus humerus

A: Shoulder extension (first 60 A: Shoulder extension (first 60 degrees)degrees)

N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

Pectoralis Major; Clavicular and Pectoralis Major; Clavicular and Sternal PortionsSternal Portions

A: Shoulder adduction, medial A: Shoulder adduction, medial rotation, and horizontal adductionrotation, and horizontal adduction

N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)(C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi

Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi

O: Spinous processes of T7 through O: Spinous processes of T7 through L5, posterior surface of sacrum, iliac L5, posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest and lower three ribscrest and lower three ribs

I: Medial lip of bicipital groove of I: Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerushumerus

A: Shoulder extension, adduction, A: Shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation, hyperextensionmedial rotation, hyperextension

N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Teres MajorTeres Major

Teres MajorTeres Major

O: Axillary border of scapula near the O: Axillary border of scapula near the inferior angleinferior angle

I: Crest below lesser tubercle next to I: Crest below lesser tubercle next to the latissimus dorsi muscle the latissimus dorsi muscle attachmentattachment

A: Shoulder extension, adduction and A: Shoulder extension, adduction and medial rotationmedial rotation

N: Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)N: Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Infraspinatus Infraspinatus

Infraspinatus Infraspinatus

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapulaO: Infraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerusI: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Shoulder lateral rotation, A: Shoulder lateral rotation,

horixontal abductionhorixontal abduction N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

*Rotator Cuff Muscle**Rotator Cuff Muscle*

Teres MinorTeres Minor

Teres Minor Teres Minor

O: Axillary border of scapulaO: Axillary border of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerusI: Greater tubercle of humerus A: Shoulder lateral rotation, A: Shoulder lateral rotation,

horizontal abductionhorizontal abduction N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

*Rotator Cuff Muscle**Rotator Cuff Muscle*

SubscapularisSubscapularis

SubscapularisSubscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa of the scapulaO: Subscapular fossa of the scapula I: Lesser tubercle of the humerusI: Lesser tubercle of the humerus A: Shoulder medial rotationA: Shoulder medial rotation N: Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)N: Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

*Rotator Cuff Muscle**Rotator Cuff Muscle*

CoracobrachialisCoracobrachialis

CoracobrachialisCoracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process of the scapulaO: Coracoid process of the scapula I: Medial surface of the humerus near I: Medial surface of the humerus near

the midpointthe midpoint A: Stabilizes the shoulder jointA: Stabilizes the shoulder joint N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)