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Should we screen Should we screen for metabolic syndrome ?for metabolic syndrome ?
Bruno PornelBruno PornelBrussels Menopause CenterBrussels Menopause Center
Belgian Menopause Society SymposiumBelgian Menopause Society SymposiumJune 2009June 2009
Causes of Causes of deathdeath in men and womenin men and women
European cardiovascular disease statistics, 2008 European cardiovascular disease statistics, 2008
Diseases Men (%) Women (%)CAD 21 22
Stroke 11 17
Other CVD 11 15
Cancer 21 17 ( breast 3 % )
Respiratory 7 6
Injuries-Poisonning 12 5
Other 17 18
DiabetesDiabetes
nearly 200 million people ( 5 % of the adult population)nearly 200 million people ( 5 % of the adult population)
the 4th or 5th leading cause of deaththe 4th or 5th leading cause of death
by 2025, it is expected affecting 333 million peopleby 2025, it is expected affecting 333 million people
risk of CHD increased fourfold in women ( 2.5 in men)risk of CHD increased fourfold in women ( 2.5 in men)
induced CHD risk similar to myocardial infarctinduced CHD risk similar to myocardial infarct
Metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndrome
a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol andiabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and d high blood pressure. high blood pressure.
around 25 % of the worldaround 25 % of the world’’s adult : s adult :
•• they are twice as likely to die fromthey are twice as likely to die from
•• three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke
•• fivefold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes.fivefold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Female Metabolic SyndromeFemale Metabolic Syndrome((Worldwide definition for use in clinical practice, Worldwide definition for use in clinical practice, IDF 2006)IDF 2006)
Central obesity Central obesity
( waist circumference ( waist circumference ≥≥ 80 cm, 80 cm, for European women) for European women)
Female Metabolic SyndromeFemale Metabolic Syndrome
+ + any 2 any 2 of the following 4 factors: of the following 4 factors:
TG level: TG level: ≥≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L), or specific Ttt150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L), or specific Ttt
HDL cholesterol: < 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L), or HDL cholesterol: < 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L), or specific Tttspecific Ttt
Systolic BP Systolic BP ≥≥ 130 or diastolic BP 130 or diastolic BP ≥≥ 85 mm Hg, or 85 mm Hg, or specific Tttspecific Ttt
Fasting plasma glucose Fasting plasma glucose ≥≥ 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetesor previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Postmenopausal transitionPostmenopausal transition
Are menopausal lipid changes independent of age Are menopausal lipid changes independent of age effects ?effects ?
Total Cholesterol and LDL : Total Cholesterol and LDL : acceptedaccepted
HDL and Triglycerides : HDL and Triglycerides : inconsistentinconsistent
Lipoprotein (a) : Lipoprotein (a) : unclearunclear
Postmenopausal transitionPostmenopausal transition
Mesures of health statusMesures of health status
Obesity : impact on lipid profilesObesity : impact on lipid profiles
BMI : impact on E2 and FSH levelsBMI : impact on E2 and FSH levels
Smoking : early menopause, CHD riskSmoking : early menopause, CHD risk
Physical activity : impact on lipids and weight gainPhysical activity : impact on lipids and weight gain
Derby, C. A. et al. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009 169:1352-1361
Study of Women's Health Across the NationAdjusted mean of T-C, LDL-C, and TG, by menopausal status stratified on baseline weight tertile,
Derby, C. A. et al. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009 169:1352-1361
Study of Women's Health Across the NationEstimated relative odds of LDL (>=130 mg/dL) for peri- and postmenopausal compared
with premenopausal women, full sample and stratified by baseline weight tertile,
Cardiovascular risk assessment in Cardiovascular risk assessment in gynaecological practice: physician survey gynaecological practice: physician survey
on current practice in Europe and USAon current practice in Europe and USA
Santiago Palacios Santiago Palacios
June 1-2, 2007, Seville
Online-survey: to keep the tendency of social desired answering to a minimum and perceived respondent anonymity at a maximum
Sample: office based gynaecologists, in UK GPs as well, in Spain and Italy office-based/ private hospital/ private gynaecological centre
Final sample sizes:
Study design and sample composition
Country Sample sizeFrance 103
Germany 101
Italy* 77
Spain* 90
UK 101
USA 200
Total 672
Q1: In your practice, please name the most common assessments you do in menopausal women. Please note down the assessments in the order of their relevance. Open question
GlobalN=610
(including N=44 for It and N=61 for Sp)
Q4: In your current practice, do you assess cardiovascular risks in your menopausal patients?
N=472 N= 200 N= 101 N= 101 N= 77 N= 90 N= 103
high normal systolic BP
= 130-139 mmHg
Q12: Please select the category/categories of systolic BP levels that reflect prehypertension/ high normal blood pressure.
N=472 N= 200
% of responses
blood pressure : only 20% as a standard assessments unspecified examination of cardiac health/CV risks :
10%. hypertension and CV disease : ranked as 3rd and 4th
most important diseases and indications recognized in menopausal women.
when asked directly, almost all physicians state that they assess CV risk factors as a standard or at least in special cases (EU: 94%, USA 90%)
Summary (1) : knowledge and assessment of CV risk factors in a gynecological setting
In cases when physicians do not measure factors that are perceived as easy to asses (e.g., diabetes and family history) the main reason is an attitude of not being responsiblefor these factors.
Summary (2)
N=472 N= 200
Q19: What guidelines for managing cardiovascular risks are you aware of?
!
% of responses
More than ⅓ of physicians : not aware of any of the guidelines shown
Around 50% are referred to a specialist.
80% receive advice for life style changes. Physicians across all countries feel responsible to
cooperate with other physicians for the treatment of CV risk factors and also involve specialists for determining CV risk factors. Treatment is to a higher extent seen to be the responsibility of a specialist.
In case physicians treat CV risk factors, 26% prescribe antihypertensives and 32% HRT.
Summary (3) : Management of CV risk factors and CV risk factors
Knowledge and assessment of CV risk Knowledge and assessment of CV risk factors in a Belgian gynecological settingfactors in a Belgian gynecological setting
online electronic and anonymous survey online electronic and anonymous survey
(March (March -- April 2008) (Nl + Fr)April 2008) (Nl + Fr)
same criteria as the US/European 2007 surveysame criteria as the US/European 2007 survey
1184 Belgian gynecologists invited by mail1184 Belgian gynecologists invited by mail
answer rate : 4 % (n = 47) answer rate : 4 % (n = 47)
Q1: In your practice, please name the most common Q1: In your practice, please name the most common assessments you do in menopausal women. Please assessments you do in menopausal women. Please
note down the assessments in the order of their note down the assessments in the order of their relevance. Open questionrelevance. Open question
Q4: In your current practice, do you assess Q4: In your current practice, do you assess cardiovascular risks in your menopausal patients? cardiovascular risks in your menopausal patients?
% Belgium Europe USA
No 17 4 10
Yes, but only in
certain cases
36 10 10
Yes, almost always
47 86 80
Correct answers regarding the Correct answers regarding the Metabolic Syndrome definitionMetabolic Syndrome definition
-- waist circumference waist circumference ≥≥ 80cm : 80cm : 40 %40 %
-- category/categories of systolic BP category/categories of systolic BP levels that reflect prehypertension/levels that reflect prehypertension/high normal blood pressure : high normal blood pressure : 42 %42 %
Should we screen Should we screen for metabolic syndrome ?for metabolic syndrome ?
YESYES
and rationally, and rationally, ……
Should we screen Should we screen for metabolic syndrome ?for metabolic syndrome ?
…… before breast cancer and before breast cancer and osteoporosis screeningosteoporosis screening
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