short hawai'i ola workshop powerpoint
TRANSCRIPT
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FREE TRADE & CULTURAL GENOCIDE IN HAWAII:
Addressing Hawaiian Linguicidethrough the Hawaii Official
Languages ActPresented to the
Papa Hooponopono Rev. Kahu Kaleo Patterson, Kumu
July 12, 2010University of Hawaii Mnoa
Michael E. Malulani K. OdegaardB.A. (UC IRVINE) 89, MBA (KELLER GSM) 04, CERT. HAWAIIAN (UH MANOA) 08
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Actions of 1893 & 1898 Against Hawaiians, Results
United Nations Response
Hawaii Governances Response
Systems Analysis & How Hawaii is Falling Short of its Goals
Hawaii Bilinguals Proposal for Action
Questions & Answers
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I suppose that right and justice should determine the path to be followed in treating thissubject. If national honesty is to be disregarded and a desire for territorial expansion ordissatisfaction with a form of government not our own ought to regulate our conduct, Ihave entirely misapprehended the mission and character of our government and the
behavior which the conscience of the people demands of their public servants.
From Cleveland's message to Congress on the Hawaiian question, December 18, 1893
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Stereotypes andParadigms Portrayed inAmerican Political Satire
as Anti-HawaiianPropaganda at the Turnof the 20th Century
contributing to
Hawaiian CulturalGenocide
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Caption: Our good-natured
country may allow thisadministration to give ourmarket to England, sell ourembassies to Anglomaniacdudes, and cause the
reduction of wages to theEuropean standard. But
We Draw the Line at This (1893)
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HisLittleHawaiianGameCheckmated(1894) Hawaiianlanguagebanned twoyearslater
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AnotherShotgunWedding,with
NeitherPartyWilling(1897)
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SchoolBegins(1898) Caption:Now children, youvegottolearntheselessons
whether you wanttoornot! Butjusttakealook attheclassahead of you, andrememberthatinalittlewhileyou willbejustasglad tobehereasthey are!
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Hurrah! TheCountryIsSavedAgain.(1900)
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TheIll-FatedSister(1900)
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Caption:Bringing the truantboy tothe littlered, white, and blue schoolhouse.
TheAmericanPolicy (1901)
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Hawaiian Cultural Genocide
Intervention and Overthrow of Indigenous Government in 1893
Suppression of Language by Occupying Government in 1896
Unilateral Cession of Hawaiian Islands by U.S. Congress in 1898
Blood Quantum Practice Imposed to Divide Indigenous in 1920
Dispossession and Militarization of Ancestral Hawaiian Lands
Redirection of Ahupuaa Water Sources Prevent Traditional Farming
Desecration of Traditional Sacred Sites Erase to Cultural Memory
Hawaiian Diaspora to Diminish Ratio of Indigenous to Minority
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Geno-cide (Physical & Cultural)
Raphael LEMKIN (1900-1959)Co-authored United Nations 1951 Convention onThe Prevention and Punishment of the Crimeof Genocide in response to WWII Holocaust
His early drafts discussed cultural genocide,but opponents excluded the term in the final draft.
Genocide has two phases: one, destruction of the national pattern of theoppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of theoppressor.
Techniques include cultural (primarily language, requirement of licenses for
persons engaged in arts, media, architecture, etc.) in addition to physical.
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Ethnocide (Cultural Genocide)
Robert JAULIN (1928-1996)Authored White Peace: Introduction to Ethnocide
Ifgenocide designs the physical extermination of
a people, an ethnocide refers to the exterminationof a culture, also noting that it is not the meansbut the ends that define ethnocide.
Whereas genocide assassinated the people in theirbody, the ethnocidekills them in theirspirit through acculturation.
The totalitarian machine operates bysplitting the universe into its ownagents on the one side, and its objects on the other, whether theybe
individuals, families, groups, societies orwhole civilizations.
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United Nations Permanent Forum on
Indigenous Issues and the 2007 United NationsInternational Declaration of Indigenous Rights
some Declaration excerpts:
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Article 8 - 1) Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to besubjected to forced assimilation ordestruction of theirculture.
2) States shall provide effective mechanisms forprevention of, and redressfor:
Any action which has the aim oreffect ofdepriving them of theirintegrityas distinct peoples, or of theircultural values orethnic identities;
Any action which has the aim oreffect ofdispossessing them of theirlands, territories orresources;
Any form offorced assimilation or integration;
Any form ofpropaganda designed to promote orincline racial orethnicdiscrimination directed against them.
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Article 13 - Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, developand transmit to future generations theirlanguages.
Article 14 - Indigenous peoples have the right to establish and control theireducational systems and institutions providing education in their own
languages
Article 16 - Indigenous peoples have the right to establish their own mediain their own languages
Article 41 - The organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations
system and other intergovernmental organizations shall contribute to thefull realization of the provisions of this Declaration through themobilization, inter alia, offinancial cooperation and technical assistance.
Ways and means ofensuring participation of indigenous peoples onissues affecting them shall be established.
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Cultural GenocideU.N. Draft Declaration on the Rights ofIndigenous Peoples (1994):
Article 7 1) Indigenous peoples havethe collective and individual right notto be subjected to ethnocide andcultural genocide, includingprevention of and redress for:
(a) Anyaction which has the aimoreffect of depriving themof theirintegrityas distinct peoples, or of theircultural values or ethnic identities;
(d) Anyformofassimilation orintegration byothercultures orways
of life imposed on themby legislative,administrative or othermeasures;
U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples(2007):
Article 7 1) Indigenous individuals have therights to life,physical and mental integrity,libertyand securityof person.
2) Indigenous peoples have the collective right
to live in freedom, peace and securityas distinctpeoples
Article 8 1) Indigenous peoples and individualshave the right not to be subjected to forcedassimilation ordestruction of their culture.
2) States shall provide effective mechanisms forprevention of, and redress for: (a) Anyactionwhich has the aimor effect of depriving themoftheir integrityas distinct peoples, or of their
cultural values or ethnic identities; (d) Anyformofforced assimilation
vs. (Cultural Genocide)
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Remedial Measures forLinguicide
1970s Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: Kahoolawe, OHA, etc.!
State of Hawaii Legislation:1976 UH Manoa begins Bachelors Degree programs in
Hawaiian Language and Hawaiian Studies!
1978 UH Hilo initiates Hawaiian Studies degree taughtthrough Hawaiian language medium, the first suchgovernment funded education since 1895!
U.S. Federal Legislation:1990 Native American Languages Act!1993 Public Law 103-150 (The Apology Resolution)!1994 Native Hawaiian Education Act funds immersion schools!2005 Native Hawaiian Govt Reorganization Act (Akaka Bill)
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Remedial Measures forLinguicide State of Hawaii Legislation (contd.)
1978 Constitutional Convention:Art. X State shall promotethe study of Hawaiian culture, history and language,Art. XV English and Hawaiian shall be the officiallanguages of Hawaii, except that Hawaiian shall be
required forpublic acts and transactions only asprovided by law
1984 Aha Punana Leo immersion schools begin!1986 Ban on Hawaiian Medium Education lifted!1987 Adoption of Native American languages resolution!
1990 Immersion Schools receive government funding!2005 House Concurrent Resolution 195 adopting/affirming the
U.N. Declaration of Rights of Indigenous Persons!2006 LanguageAccess Act 290 (Title 21 Labor and Industrial
Relations Chapter 371, Part II) problem: monolingual ethic
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Hawaii Title 21 Language Access Code
Limited English Proficiency (LEP) taxpayers shall not be prevented fromreceiving federally-funded public services: primary focus on immigrants
All state and federally-funded public service (including non-profit) programsare provided to non-English speaking persons when lesser of either1,000 or
5% of a population in a service area speaks a language otherthan English
Hawaii Office of Language Access (OLA), a monitoring agency, providestranslation services in courts, medical clinics, law enforcement, non-profitagencies, even requires the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to provide Hawaiian
language services through their agencies
Danger to language revitalization community: If beneficiaries speak Englishand a non-English language such as Hawaiian, services may not be providedin the non-English language. We must change from mono- to bicultural
paradigm!
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Hawaii Title 21 Language Access Code
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Hawaii Title 21 Language Access Code
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Hawaii Title 21 Language Access Code
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Hawaiian Education Today: Ke Kaiulu Hou o nuenue
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Hawaiian Community Design: Hooll Kaiulu Hawaii ana
Na wai ke kuleana e mlama?
Hookahi(o he elua knaka) a i ole, n knaka a pau?
PONO LEHULEHU
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Kaiulu HawaiiKahiko:Ka AhupuaaHaawina hui kauelieli e pili
ana n plena puni a me
n plena i loko, n ll kaiulu,
a me n kahua a me n ano o
n hale
He aha ka lawelawe hana o
n hana loina Hawaii (oli,
kapu, a p.a.) i loko o kekahi
wahi?
Aia kahi lehulehu palekana ole
e pani ai no n keiki?
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Ahupuaa o Waikk
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N Wahi Lehulehu o Waikk i Kia L
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Hiki i mkou ke maa iho i Kahi Ahupuaa i KahiKaona?
He aha
Kahi Hawaii?
Ehia mau anoKahi Hawaii
like ole ma
anei?
Pehea i
hoohawaii ia
aku n wahi?
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Ekahaikouelua
wahipunaheleamepalekanaepaniaoukouikohoai!
1: Pka
Papahuila
2: Pka
Lealea Wai
1
2
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Kahi Plolo #1: Ka Pka Papahuila o Iwipoo!
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Kahi Plolo #2: Ka Pka Lealea o Kaiulani!
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However as a coach, I observed among members of the Roosevelt High Schooloutrigger team, some paddlers had transferred out of Immersion Charter Schools.
Why? For fear of not getting into their preferred colleges for their chosen professions.Question: if Hawaii schools are learner-centered, then why arent we ensuring their
ability to pursue their chosen careers in the Hawaiian language?
Also, what is happening to the 2,000+ graduates from the Immersion Charter Schools?
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Remedial Measures for Linguicide Grassroots - Association ofHawaiian Civic Clubs Concerns:
2004 Resolution to empower Native Hawaiians in decisionmaking processes due to being under-served andloss of identity
2005 R
esolution urging OHA to set aside litigation funds toprotectHawaiian language2006 Resolution to advance influence ofHawaiian
cultural needs in the non-Hawaiian public realm;resolutions advance and to work tirelessly to
reclaim and relearn Hawaiian language2007 Resolution to oppose any malignment of Hawaiian
language
2008 Resolution written bilingually in Hawaiian andEnglish languages to enhance State Constitution
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Hawaiian Remediation in Public Realmrequires provision of Hawaiian language public services regardless of
beneficiaries English language capabilities
cannot accomplish through education alone
must provide service providers incentive to hire Hawaiian-speakingstaff in qualified service areas
accomplished principally through professional sector participation
need enough public resources to publish relevant materials, scheduleand monitorcompliance standards
requires constitutional guarantees to protect minority indigenousrights
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Remedial Measures for Linguicide Grassroots - Hawaii Bilingual (H2) http://www.causes.com/h2o
2008 October After consultation with Mick Dodson, H2 islaunched on Facebook to establish the right of everyHawaii resident to receive public services in theofficial language of theirchoice,English orHawaiian
November NHEC DirectorColin Kippen is the first of several publicandidates orcurrent government officers to join H22009 April Ilina Wai Vigil begins at Mauna Ala
May P Ilina Wai bilingual chamber music concertsJuly Hawaiian Civic Club of Waimanalo adopts resolution
urging adoption of the Hawaii Official Languages ActAugust Aha Punana Leo (APL) & OHA join H2October H2 exceeds 2,000 members, begin to support APL
November Bishop Museum supports Official Languages Act miss2010 May Launch campaign for representation in 2010 Governor
electoral race
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SERVICEAREAS
in
2010
perTitle 21criteria
if12%*
of
N.H.willspeakleloHawaii
at
home*est. byUH-Hilo
maps:2000
Censusdata
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Support for the Official Languages Act Strongest among Hawaiian language faculty (but with resistance from some
administrators), cultural practitioners, students, N.H.s, locals
Requires cultivation ofcreative class activists forvisioning
Requires cooperation among all three sectors: Activists, Business, andGovernment
Requires long-terminstitutional
commitment
Popularity ofBilingualism
In Canada
1988 - 2006
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Growth of Bilingualism in Canada
Requires contentment with incremental change% of Bilinguals in Canada
1961 12.2% 1981 15.3%
2001 17.7%
Language requirements of positions in the Public Service 1978 2004
Bilingual 25% 39%
Nevertheless, results are worth the effort!
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Current Supporters of Hawaii BilingualEducators Keola Donaghy, Carlos Andrade, Malcolm Chun, Kira Lee,
Alika McNicoll, Ruby Maunakea, Kawika McGuire, KimoKeaulana, Keoni Devereaux, Konia Freitas, KehaulaniWatson, Nikolaus Schweitzer, Jack Keppeler, Lynette Cruz,Carolyn Sinavaiana, Kamehameha Schools, Bishop Museum
Artists & Hokulani Holt, Terri Leilani Galpin, Puanani Rogers, Rev. KaleoCultural Patterson, Kapukuniahi Parker, Makoa Kahanamoku, PonoPractitioners Fernandez, Puni Patrick, Jamaica Osorio, Caren Loebel-Fried
Musicians Cyril Pahinui, Aaron Mahi, Kealii Reichel, Gabby Pahinui,Dennis Kamakahi, Elijah Issac, Sean Naauao, Aaron Mahi
Politicians & Sen. Kalani English, Boyd Mossman, John Willoughby,Business Nathaniel Kinney, John Carroll, Bumpy Kanahele, LelemiaLeaders Irvine, Michael Crabbe, King Lunalilo Estate
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Hawaii Bilingual Members Are Saying:Colin Kippen Relearning our native language is a positive and powerful stepPast Director, ofreconciliation. Creating opportunities to think and live in theNative Hawaiian language will make the language live. It will assure that theEducation Council cultural perspectives embedded in our native language will be
given voice throughout all aspects of our daily lives.
'Alika K.D. McNicoll Hilinai au, kkoo ia no ka lelo Hawaii e ka hapa nui o ka poeKumu Olelo, e noho ana ma Hawaii. Makamake ia poe e hpai i ka leloAha Pnana Leo Hawaii i luna e like me ka mea e hiki. In kkoo p ia ka lelo
Hawaii e ke aupuni, he ala maikai ia no ka hola piha ana i kekulana o ka lelo Hawaii. Ma o ka hana k koolua o ke aupuni ame na hui kkoo lelo Hawaii, me ka lkahi a me ka pono nhoi, hiki n ke hook ia. No ia kumu au e kkoo nei i ka manaonui o kia palapala hooholo a ka hui o Hawaii Bilingual e paipainei.
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E oluolu oe e pili p?
Will you please join us?
Mahalo!
causes.com/h2o