shohoj ubuntu shikkha
DESCRIPTION
বাংলায় উবুন্টু শেখার উপায়TRANSCRIPT
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-: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
: www.adnan.quaium.com
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From: [email protected] (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Summary: small poll for my new operating system Message-ID: Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki
Hello everybody out there using minix -
Im doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, wont be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has
been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. Id like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system(due to practical reasons) among other things). Ive currently ported bash (1.08) and gcc (1.40),and things seem to work. This implies that Ill get something practical within a few months, and Id like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I wont
promise Ill implement them.
Linus ([email protected])
PS. Yes its free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as thats all I have.
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From: [email protected] (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: Free minix-like kernel sources for 386-AT Message-ID: Date: 5 Oct 91 05:41:06 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki
Do you pine for the nice days of minix-1.1, when men were men and wrote their own device drivers? Are you without a nice project and just dying to cut your teeth on a OS you can try to modify for your needs? Are you finding it
frustrating when everything works on minix? No more all-nighters to get a nifty program working? Then this post might be just for you
As I mentioned a month(?)ago, Im working on a free version of a minix -lookalike for AT-386 computers. It has finally
reached the stage where its even usable (though may not be depending on what you want), and I am willing to put out
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the sources for wider distribution. It is just version 0.02 (+1 (very small) patch already), but Ive successfully run
bash/gcc/gnu-make/gnu-sed/compress etc under it. Sources for this pet project of mine can be found at nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100) in the directory /pub/OS/Linux. The directory also contains some README-file and a couple of binaries to work under linux (bash, update and gcc, what more can you ask for . Full kernel source is provided, as no minix code has been used. Library sources are only partially free, so that cannot be distributed currently. The system is able to
compile as-is and has been known to work. Heh. Sources to the binaries (bash and gcc) can be found at the same place in /pub/gnu.
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(FREAKS) Free, Freak Unix
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, , Linuss Unix
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Linux for Human Beings
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(Kde UBUNTU) => (KUBUNTU)
(Xfce UBUNTU) => (XUBUNTU)
(Lxde UBUNTU) => (LUBUNTU)
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(ISO) :
.iso
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//// /:
Write Image Actions Burn image
Open
OK
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Image File , ISO Next
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Windows 7 :
ISO
Burn disc image
/ Burn
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(ISO) Write to Disc
Burn
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Help with installing Ubuntu
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(.iso) , / ( )
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, .exe
Disk Image ISO
Drive ( )
Ok
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Startup
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Startup Disk Creator
Source disc image (.iso) or CD
Disk to use ( )
Make Startup Disk
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Help with installing Ubuntu
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(.iso)
( ) , Try Ubuntu
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Install Ubuntu
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(Wubi)
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( wubi.exe
Install inside Windows
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C:
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Username Password
Install
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Try Ubuntu Install Ubuntu
Continue
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Replace Windows with Ubuntu
Install Now
Install Now
Continue
USA , Continue
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Restart Now
Enter
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Try Ubuntu Install Ubuntu
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Install Ubuntu alongside Windows
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Continue
USA , Continue
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Continue
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Restart Now
Enter
Enter
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C, D, E
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sda1, sda5, sda6, sda7
C sda1, D sda5, E
sda6
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Try Ubuntu Install Ubuntu
Continue
Something else
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sda
(/dev/sda /dev/sdb ) sda sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4
, ntfs
.
.. , /dev/sda New Partition Table
.. , ( sda4
), sda4 free space
sda4 free space
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, C , ,
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sda4
free space
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free space Add
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- New partition size in megabytes 5000 ( ) 10000 ( )
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- Free Space
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- Use As swap area
- OK
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- Free Space
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- New partition size in megabytes
- Use As Ext4
- Format the partition
- Mount Point /home
- OK
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. Free Space / (), swap (), /home ()
Back Install
Now
Continue
USA , Continue
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Restart Now
Enter
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Try Ubuntu Install Ubuntu
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Something else
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sda
(/dev/sda /dev/sdb ) sda sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4
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sda4 free space
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free space Add
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Ext4 )
- Format the partition ( )
- Mount Point / ( )
- OK
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- Free Space
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- New partition size in megabytes 500 () 1024 ()
- Use As swap area
- OK
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- Free Space
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- New partition size in megabytes
- Use As Ext4
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- Mount Point /home
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. Free Space / (), swap (), /home ()
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USA , Continue
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Restart Now
Enter
Enter
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:
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(Unity), (GNOME)
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( Home Folder)
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Results ,
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(HUD Heads Up Display)
File
File ,
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Alt Tab (
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( Ctrl ) ,
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(Super Key)
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Super Key w
Super Key s
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Bangladesh, Bangladesh
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Munsigonj
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:
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Program Files Mozilla Firefox firefox
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C:\\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox
My Computer ,
My Computer
C: D: E: ?
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Home Folder Filesystem usr
lib firefox firefox.sh :
/usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh
Home Folder ,
? Filesystem usr
(/) /usr/lib usr ,
lib
Filesystem
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:
( ) (root)
C: C:
Program Files Windows ()
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/bin
( ) , , POSIX
(: , , )
/boot
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/cdrom
/
/dev
/etc
/home
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, ,
/l ib
/lost+found
/media
Places
/mnt
/media /mnt - /media
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/opt
/p roc
cat /proc/cpuinfo
/root
root
, /home/USERNAME.
/s bin
bin ,
/s elinux
selinux selinux ,
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/s rv
/var/www
/s ys
/tmp
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,
, src
/var
www
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, lib, etc, bin, src, include
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lib, bin
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etc , include src /usr
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bin, lib /opt,
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name@name-desktop:~$
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s udo apt-get install vlc
[s udo] password for (your name):
Enter !
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,
sudo
sudo
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s udo apt-get update
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System> Administration> Update Manager
!
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With great power comes great responsibility
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SUDO RM -RF /
,
sudo
sudo ! sudo ,
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SUDO: (
RM: (ReMove)
R: Recursive, RM -R /home/ovroniil
ovroniil
F: Force , F
!
/:
s udo rm -rf /home/ovroniil/downloads
downloads
/home/ovroniil/downloads / ( ,
The 10-character code of death !
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:
fi refox
? !
vlc
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! :
date
cal
:
df
up time
:
whoami
:
uname
:
uname a
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:
/home/user_name ( user_name
ovroniil /home/ovroniil)
/home/user_name ,
, cal date !
:
pwd
:
l s
:
cd directory_name
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directory_name cd Change Directory
:
cd /home/user_name/Desktop
user_name D ,
D d ,
desktop Desktop
( , ,
:
pwd
test :
mkdir /home/user_name/Desktop/test
mkdir Make Directory test test
:
cd /home/user_name/Desktop/test
test ( :
cd ../
( :
cd ../
UP ( test :
rm -r /home/user_name/Desktop/test
? sudo
,
man date
:
man date
date q
man , man
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s udo :
apt-get apt Advanced Packaging Tool
, ,
, :
s udo apt-get install vlc
sudo sudo ?
sudo
sudo :
ap t-get update
sudo
:
s udo apt-get update
,
?
TCP/IP ( :
i fconfig
,
, :
http://ovroniil.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/logo.png; :
wget http://ovroniil.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/logo.png
wget
:
p ing www.google.com
Ctrl+z
:
whois www.google.com
:
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s udo halt
:
s udo reboot
:
!
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:
: : -
!
:
System -> Preferences -> Network Connections
:
( ,
) System -> Administration -> Hardware
Drivers
( )
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:
System-> Administration-> Update Manager Check Install
Update
:
.deb
Applications -> System Tools -> Ubuntu Tweak
:
( ) System-> Administration -> Software Sources
,
Ubuntu Software Center Synaptic
Package Manager () ,
Software Sources
Close Reload
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:
UFW
Application -> Ubuntu Software Center
gufw Firewall Configuration Install
Applications->
Accessories-> Terminal :
s udo apt-get install gufw
Enter System -> Administration -> Firewall Configuration
:
! , ,
, Ubuntu Restricted Extras
s udo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
:
, ,
Enter
s udo wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources
.l ist.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated
install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update
s udo apt-get install libdvdcss2
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s udo apt-get install w32codecs
s udo apt-get install w64codecs
:
( )
vlc
s udo apt-get install vlc
Enter ! Applications-> Sound & Video VLC Media Player
:
? !
Wine
s udo apt-get install wine
- Compiz
, :
s udo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager
System-> Preferences-> Compiz Config Settings
Manager ( :
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: :
? ?
.tar.gz
(.zip) , .exe
setup.exe ! ? ,
:
---
,
APT ()
?
,
, ,
? ,
,
,
(Repository), ,
,
(Ubuntu Software Center):
,
Applications Ubuntu Software
Center
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( Fonts Games ),
Featured Applications
, ,
audio player
More Info Install More Info
Install
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- (Synaptic Package Manager):
, , !
,
System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
Quick Search ,
vlc ,
vlc , vlc
Mark for Installation , ()
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Apply
. (.deb):
(setup.exe) .deb
.deb
, .deb
! ( Places -> Downloads) .deb
Install
, ,
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:
,
? ,
,
Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal
, :
s udo apt-get install SOFTWARE_NAME
SOFTWARE_NAME
s udo apt-get install vlc
(Enter) ,
- .bin :
.bin .bin Open with Other Application...
Use a custom command
sh Open
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.bin cd .bin
:
s udo chmod +x FILE_NAME.bin
FILE_NAME.bin -
chrome.bin :
s udo chmod +x chrome.bin
Enter .bin :
./FILE_NAME.bin
FILE_NAME Enter
:.tar.gz :
.tar.gz ,
INSTALL README
,
build-essential :
s udo apt-get install build-essential
.tar.gz Extract cd
:
./configure
make
sudo make install
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: .rpm :
.deb .rpm
- .deb
.deb .rpm
, , .rpm
.rpm .rpm alien ()
.rpm .deb
.deb
,
(.tar.gz, .bin .rpm)
( , , )
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: :
(Keryx)
.deb ,
, ,
(Keryx)
, !
( ) / (
)
.tar.gz .zip
linux win32 / linux
win32
:
, /
, //
,
!
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/ :
linux keryx
New Project ( lucidlynx)
No
// :
win32 keryx
linux keryx (
)
Open Project (
lucidlynx)
(
) Yes No
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( openshot
)
Download
Download
/ :
linux keryx
Open Project
Project Install Packages
Continue
Openshot
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Enter
Enter Ok
!
/
,
( : , , )
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: :
,
key keyboard.
Keyboard Layout
(+
Bengali Add
Add Options
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Key(s) to change layout Close
, ,
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: : (LAMP)
(LAMP)
,
, ,
, ,
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(Apache HTTP Server, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python),
(LAMP Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) /
LAMP :
,
sudo apt-get install lamp-server^
, (^)
y Enter
MySQL
!
Ap ache :
http://localhost/
It Works!
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PHP :
/var/www test.php
sudo gedit /var/www/test.php
sudo kate /var/www/test.php
phpinfo(); ?>
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
http://localhost/testing.php/
localhost :
,
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
:
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cat /etc/hosts | grep localhost
127.0.0.1 my.cnf
:
cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf | grep bind-address
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
my.cnf
p hpMyAdmin :
,
:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql phpmyadmin
ok
apache2 Space , (*)
:
Enter
dbconfig-common
Tab Yes Enter
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MySQL MySQL
Tab Ok Enter
phpMyAdmin MySQL
(: Enter , )
Enter
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phpMyAdmin
p hpMyAdmin :
http://localhost/phpmyadmin/
root
phpMyAdmin
/var/www
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,
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/
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(
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c:\ubuntu\disks
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: : - : : : : (LAMP)