SHIPPING:TYPES OF SHIPS

Prepared by:MRS. CECILLE M. JALBUENA

EN1103 Maritime Vocabulary and Terms

ENRICHING VOCABULARY

1) TRAMP - a merchant ship that carries cargo but does not follow a fixed.

2) TUG – small powerful boat used for towing ships or pushing barges.

3) LINER – a vessel sailing on a regular line to a fixed timetable.

4) DREDGER – a vessel used for clearing or deepening waterways.

5) CARRIER – a vessel engaged in transporting passengers and goods across the sea for a profit.

6) DEEP TANK – a deep compartment on board ship for the carriage of vegetable oil or lard.

ENRICHING VOCABULARY

7) LIGHTSHIP - a ship with a bright flashing light that functions as a lighthouse, especially one that is anchored in a place where a permanent structure would be impracticable.

8) DEADWEIGHT – the difference between the loaded and light displacement tonnage of a vessel.

9) CRUISE SHIP – a passenger ship used for pleasure trips taking passengers on extended cruises calling occasionally at ports having various places of interest.

10)COASTER - a ship that sails along a coast to trade.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

1) ACCORDING TO MANNER OF OPERATIONSSome merchant sips are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. These ships can operate in two ways.

A) LINERS – ships which sail on schedule on a definite route for a specific destination with advertised dates of departure from, and arrival at nominated ports along their specific route.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

B) TRAMPS – do not keep a fixed route or sail to any particular schedule. They are usually pure cargo vessels that are hired out but their owners are under contract to a character who, by the term of the contract, provided them with cargo and specifies their ports of call and the approximate dates of arrival and departure.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION2) ACCORDING TO CARGO CARRIEDA) PASSENGER SHIPS – The design of these vessels is

specialized with a large of decks to provide the necessary high-class amenities like sun and observation decks, lounges, bars, dining salons, and galleys, in addition to the passenger accommodation.

B) GENERAL CARGO SHIPS – These ships are also called freighters. These ships carry break-bulk cargo items that are loaded one by one into holds or on decks. They are also called as “maids of all works”.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

2) ACCORDING TO CARGO CARRIEDC) CONTAINER SHIPS – The conventional cargo ship

spends a great deal of time loading and discharging individual parcels of cargo. On the other hand, a container ship has a much faster turn-around. This is because of the ease of handling cargo ready-packed in standard sized containers. A wide variety of cargoes includes mail, machine parts, partially assembled aircraft, motor vehicles and padded within the container to prevent any movement.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

2) ACCORDING TO CARGO CARRIEDD) ROLL ON/ROLL OFF VESSELS – It is designed to

accommodate a variety of wheeled vehicles that enter and leave the ship over ramps through watertight doors at either bow or stern, or both. No port crane is required for the cargo. It is loaded and discharged ready-packed in its vehicle. The most common type of ro-ro ship is the passenger/vehicle ferry.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

2) ACCORDING TO CARGO CARRIEDE) BULK CARRIERS – designed to carry a variety of

cargoes such as grains, fertilizers, sugars, salt, ores, and raw chemicals which are loaded in loose condition directly into the holds.

F) TANKERS - specially built to carry liquid cargo in bulk. They vary in size from coasters of about 1,200 tons deadweight up to the ultra crude carriers (ULCC) of some 500,000 tons.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

THREE TYPES OF TANKERS:1) LPG / OIL TANKER – carries crude oil.2) LPG / LNG CARRIER – carries liquefied

petroleum / natural gas.3) CHEMICAL TANKER – carries different liquid

chemicals or noxious substances, vegetable oil and spirits.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

3) ACCORDING TO SPECIALIZED DUTY/FUNCTIONa) TUGS and TOWBOATS – specialized commercial

crafts used to pull or push other vessels. They provide propulsion and direction to move them to their destinations.

4 BASIC TYPES OF TUGS:1) RIVER TUGS – for work on rivers.2) HARBOR TUGS – help ships in and out of ports and

harbors.3) COASTAL TUGS 4) OCEAN-GOING TUGS

These two go out to help ships in difficulty at sea.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS OF TUGS:

1) Tugs must be stable in all conditions.

2) Tugs must be maneuverable.

3) Tugs must be powerful enough to move ships of

far greater size.

SHIPS CLASSIFICATION

3) ACCORDING TO SPECIALIZED DUTY/FUNCTION

b) DREDGER – necessary to remove the sand and mud from the beds of channels and harbors.

3 MAIN TYPES OF DREDGERS:1) BUCKET DREDGER – which have a series of

buckets which go down to the sea bed and scoop up the sand or mud.

2) SUCTION DREDGER – which suck up sand and mud like a very large vacuum cleaner.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Answer the following questions briefly.

1) What are the bases for classifying ships?a)b)c)

2) How is a liner different from a tramp?3) Why are tugs and towboats important in a

shipping operation?