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SHIPBROKING + TECHNICAL + LOGISTICS + ENVIRONMENTAL
Subsea Processing
Technology
Nita Oza
20th April 2017
FORE
SHIPBROKING + TECHNICAL + LOGISTICS + ENVIRONMENTAL
Subsea Processing
• Why?
• What?
• Where in the world?
• What risk?
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Why Consider Subsea Processing?
• Life of Field
• Reservoir Characteristics
• Flow Assurance
• Project Economics
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Why Consider Subsea Processing?
• Life of Field
– Increase Hydrocarbon Recovery
• Integrated production modelling
• Maximise hydrocarbon recovery
With Subsea Pumps
With Subsea Processing
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Why Consider Subsea Processing?
• Reservoir Characteristics– Deep Water
– Low Reservoir Pressure
– Deep Reservoir
– High Well Productivity Index (PI) (barrel of oil per psi drawdown)
300m water depth
600m water depth
1300m water depth 2400m water depth 3350m water depth
0.25
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
0.20
Incr
emen
t R
eco
very
Fac
tor
( w
ith
Su
bse
a Se
par
atio
n)
2000 l l l l l l3000 50004000 6000 7000
Reservoir Depth (m) (from sea level)
IMPACT OF SUBSEA PROCESSING
Source Data from BHP BilIitonSource: Sulzer
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Subsea Technology
• Subsea Pumping: Boost production from the seafloor to the host platform.
Image Source: Sulzer
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Subsea Boosting Technology
Image Courtesy of Sulzer
Type Applicability for Subsea Boosting
Single Phase ( Centrifugal) Highest differential pressure capabilityOnly handles low Gas Volume Fraction ( <15%)
Hybrid Combination of helico-axial and centrifugal impeller stages.Generally used down stream of the separator, GVF , 38%
Mudline ESP Widely deployed technologyGVF < 50%
HSP Compact hydraulic drive pumpsGVF < 75%
Multiphase GVF tolerance 30-95%
Twin Screw Good handling on high GVF – up to 95%
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Increase in cumulative production
Time
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
rod
uct
ion
Subsea Compression
• Shell Ormen Lange Subsea Compression Pilot
• Statoil Asgard Subsea Compression
Image Source: Offshore Energy Today
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OneSubsea Helico-Axial Pump.
OneSubsea’s multiphase pump stages in a vertical configuration. Recent testing and successful qualification work, in the HiBoost MPP Joint Industry Project, have greatly increased differential head capability.
Image Source: OneSubsea
Aker Solutions Aasgard Subsea Compressor Train with 11.5 MW Compressor Module, Separator, Cooler and Pump Module
Image Source: Aker Solutions
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West Of Shetlands Schiehallion
Where in the World?Offshore Norway
Ormen Lange Gas Compression Troll Peon Vigdis Asgard Midgard& Mikkel Fields Phase 2 Aasgard Midgard& Mikkel Fields Phase 1 Gullfaks South Brent Troll C Tordis Tyrihans Ormen Lange Gas Compression Pilot DEMO 2000 Draugen Field Draugen Field HiBoost MPP
Barents Sea Snohvit Shtokman
North Sea Machar Field Lyell Lyell Retrofit Brenda & Nicol Fields Columba E Highlander Field Argyll
Mediterranean Prezioso Montanazo & Lubina
Espirito Santo Basin Jubarte EWT Jubarte Field Phase 1 Jubarte Field Phase 2 Golfinho Field Parque Das Baleias Golfinho Field (ESP) Canapu
Equatorial Guinea Topacio Ceiba C3 &C$ Ceiba Field
South China Seas Lufeng
Australia Mutineer/Exeter Vincent
Campos Basin Marlim Espadate Parque Das Conchas Phase 1 Parque Das Conchas Phase 2 Parque Das Conchas Phase 3 Barracuda Atlanta Field Albacora L’Este Field Marlim Pilot Corvina
GOM King Navajo Cascade & Chinook Jack & St Malo Julia Stones Appomattox Perdido
Angola CLOV Girassol Pazflor
Congo Azurite Field Moho Phase 1Bis
Middle East Zakum
KEY QUAILFIED/TESTING CANCELED PROJECT CONCEPTUAL PROJECT ABANDONED/REMOVED AWARDED and IN
MANUFACTURING or DELIVERED INSTALLED & NOT CURRENTLY
OPERATING INSTALLED AND CURRENTLY
OPERATING
Source: 2016 Worldwide Survey of Subsea Processing: Separation, Compression, and Pumping System ; Offshore Magazine Poster #123
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Considerations
• Current technology uptake is low
• Reasons:
– Cost
– Uncertainty regarding reliability ( proven on boosting and separation)
– General conservatism in industry
– Low cost sensitive environment where low risk solutions seems to be preferred.
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Obstacles to overcome
• The subsea components run on high voltage alternated currents which has limits on transmission distance relative to power.
• This means high DC may be needed. Companies like ABB and Siemens are working on this. ( Design 101)
• Power distribution : large subsea field with high power inputs, many components and long step out distances means subsea variable speed drives will be needed to convert, distribute and control electricity.
Image Source: INTECSEA WorleyParsons Group
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Obstacles to overcome
• Control Systems
– Putting all the equipment subsea also increases the requirements for the control systems. There will be a need for increased bandwidth, real-time information on system performance , in addition to increase demands on safety functionality and regularity.
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Monitoring
• Knowing the state of the well stream is crucial in terms of production monitoring and flow assurance.
• Improved reliability for subsea and multi-phase sensors is the key for success.
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Subsea Intervention
• Intervention and maintenance operations from ships in high waves, particularly the handling of large and heavy processing modules.
• The reduced accessibility of seabed installation, brings additional requirements to the system uptime, maintenance on demand and general optimization of intervention frequencies.
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Obstacles to overcome
Integration, reliability and cost. Enabling and qualifying the integration is a key challenge with standardisation being a topic.