shijian lu and c écile paris csiro ict centre sydney, australia authoring content structure for...
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Shijian Lu and Cécile Paris
CSIRO ICT Centre
Sydney, Australia
Authoring Content Structure for
Adaptive Documents
www.csiro.auMotivations
People have different (information) needsAdaptive systems becoming increasingly
important
To make these systems more practical, their users need to be able to author the resources required
www.csiro.auBackground: Two Main Types of Systems
Systems with an open set of (heterogeneous) information resources
Systems that create a tailored hypermedia space
Often based on linguistics principles
Systems with a closed set of information resources
Systems that provide navigation & support in an existing hypermedia space
Often based on learning theories
Systems with an open set of (heterogeneous) information resources
Systems that create a tailored hypermedia space
Often based on linguistics principles
www.csiro.auA Tailored Document Environment
I am a surveillance operator for the region
Information sources for the applicationSpecific ApplicationUser Interface
User
Tailored Documents and Presentations
User Query
Framework
Resources
www.csiro.au
Myriad: our platform for contextualised information retrieval and delivery
Main component: Virtual Document Planner, a multimedia generation system: dynamically produces hypermedia documents belongs to systems working with open set of information
sources employs a planning engine based on linguistic principles (coherence) employs discourse and presentation strategies highly modular, with declarative resources
Articulates a notion of context (e.g., user, task, environment, dialogue history)
Has been used to built a number of applications
RST-Enablement
RST-Background
RST-List
The documents have an internal structure
www.csiro.auA Tailored Document Environment
I am a surveillance operator for the region
Information sources for the applicationSpecific ApplicationUser Interface
User
Tailored Documents and Presentations
User Query
Framework
Resources
www.csiro.au
Example of a required resource (a plan operator)
<operator><id>several-themes-4</id><description>Provide brief-description of projects in a research-lab)</description><effect>(Provide brief-summary of projects ?research-lab to ?user)</effect><constraint>(set ?projects (retrieval:GetLabAttributes ?research-lab project))</constraint><constraint>(Morethan 1 (size ?projects))</constraint><constraint>(set ?content (retrieval:GetProjectAttributePairs project name summary id ?projectss))</constraint><nucleus>
<value>(inform ?user list-of-entities ?content)</value></nucleus><satellite>
<type>optional</type><relation>Preparation</relation><value>(Inform ?user Name "Research Areas")</value>
</satellite></operator>
www.csiro.auWhat is required to write such a plan…
Writing skills (how to structure a document in the application domain and ensure it is coherent)
Computational linguistic skills (how to transform the desired structure into discourse plans, exploiting rhetorical relations)
Knowledge about where to find the information
Knowledge about the required specific syntax and XML
Clearly difficult!
www.csiro.au
Providing an abstraction on the discourse operators
Allow authors to specify the structure and content of a text without: computational linguistics expertise
knowledge about the specific syntax required
Decouple specification of the structure of a text from: knowledge of how to retrieve data
specification of the applicability of the structure (i.e., the specification of the constraints for an operator).
www.csiro.auTwo main concepts
Content structure
Retrieval registry library of retrieval functions or specifications (“retrieval services”),
specifying how to get the data.
www.csiro.auAn Example from SciFly
Produces brochures about CSIRO ICT Centre
Brochures tailored to the user’s request
Demonstrated at CeBit (2005-2006, Sydney)
www.csiro.au
Goal 1
Constraint
Indicate iteration
Rhetorical relation
Goal 2
Goal 3
Constructor: an overview
www.csiro.au
A short example for building a content structure
Defining a node and its decomposition
Defining relationships between nodes
www.csiro.au
2. Drag the cursor to the essential node
1. Pressing on a non-essential node
3. Release the mouse at the essential node
Defining relationships between nodes (2)
www.csiro.auDefining relationships between nodes (3)
Select the appropriate relation from the drop down menu
www.csiro.auDiscussion: building content structures
Authors must think explicitly about document structure and relationships between different chunks of information (not about phrasing)
Differences with authoring a document:
Result is an instance of a document
Authors must know actual content
Authors must think about exact order
Authors must work on phrasing
Result is a document specification (from which many documents can be generated)
Authors need to point to where actual content is to be found
System will reason about actual order based on relations
System will generate appropriate phrasing
Authors must think of scope
Authoring a document Authoring a content structure
www.csiro.auConclusions
Constructor is a tool to help write discourse operators required to build an AH application in our framework
It provides an abstraction on discourse operators: the content structure
Current considerations: Extensive functionality wrt discourse operators
Interface proper needs improvements
Future work: Full integration with generation system to allow for “preview”
Evaluation
Allow the authoring of presentation operators