Shifts in Diversity and Function of Sediment Bacterial Community in the Hengshi River

upon Acid Mine Drainage Pollution Song Tang

song.tang@usask.ca SETAC Orlando Nov 8, 2016

Harmful Environmental Effects of Mining Contamination of Soil, Groundwater, Surface

Water, Crop and Plant Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

Mining Activities

World Mining Map

Mining The extraction of valuable minerals or

other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or (coal) seam.

Mining of metals has been a human activity since pre-historic times.

In 2015, the global gold market had a value of $131.5 billion, an increase of 57% since 2010.

AMD Formation

AMD

Pyrite (FeS2)

4FeS2 + 14 H2O + 15 O2 → 4Fe(OH)3 + 16 H++ 8 SO42-

Features of AMD

Microbial Communities in AMD

Systems

Huang LN et al., Trends Microbiol. 2016 Jul;24(7):581-93.

AMD-contaminated River

Dabaoshan Mine Guangdong Province

Mining activity

Built in 1958

Few studies systematically explore the diversity and function of microorganisms along the AMD pollution gradients in a open lotic ecosystem, such as river.

Full-scale in 1970s

pH

Acidic Neutral

Sampling Sites

I. Characterize the spatial dynamics of the bacterial community structure and composition along the AMD-polluted Hengshi River

II. Explore the relationships between bacterial structure and different geophysicochemical variables in Hengshi River

I. Study the functions of bacterial communities along the

AMD pollution gradients

Objectives

Extract eDNA

Barcode PCR Ion Torrent OUT Clustering Sequence data analysis

Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU)

table Sampling Packages: phyloseq,

ggplot2, edgeR, vegan, etc. Physicochemical

analysis

Experimental Workflow

Hiseq-2500

27 Samples

4 Samples

Water

Sediment

Sediment

Physicochemical Results

Aq. -pH Aq. -Cu Aq. –Zn Aq. -Cd Aq. -Pb

Sd. -pH Sd. -Cond. Sd. -Cu Sd. -As Sd. -Pb

Bacterial Communities

Hengshi River Reference River

Bacterial Abundance Hengshi vs. Reference River

Alpha Diversity

Beta Diversity

CCA

Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA)

pH

Acidic Neutral

Comparative Metagenomics

Comparative Metagenomics

Metal Resistance Genes

I. Geophysicochemical parameters of water and sediments significantly differed among samples collected from environments that differed in their extent of contamination with heavy metals.

II. 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that alpha diversity of bacterial community gradually increased along the river with decreasing contaminant levels, which was supported by beta diversity.

III. At the phyla level, Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the Hengshi River, while Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in the Reference River.

IV. pH is the major geochemical determinant of the bacterial community diversity.

V. Furthermore, comparative metagenomic analysis showed diverse metabolic capacities for heavy metal-detoxification was found along the pollution gradient of Hengshi River.

VI. Our findings offer a deep insight into the patterns of microbial community structure and function along the river system contaminated by AMD.

Summary

Acknowledgements

Prof. Markus Hecker Prof. John P. Giesy Dr. Hui Peng

Xiaohui Zhang Yuwei Xie Prof. Hongling Liu Prof. Hongxia Yu

Prof. Mao Wang

Prof. Weimin Sun

Key References

Caporaso, J. G., J. Kuczynski, J. Stombaugh, K. Bittinger, F. D. Bushman, E. K. Costello, N. Fierer, A. G. Pena, J. K. Goodrich and J. I. Gordon (2010). "QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data." Nature methods 7(5): 335-336. Huang, L. N., W. H. Zhou, K. B. Hallberg, C. Y. Wan, J. Li and W. S. Shu (2011). "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Microbial Community in the Tailings of a Pb-Zn Mine Generating Acidic Drainage." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77(15): 5540-5544. Kuang, J.-L., L.-N. Huang, L.-X. Chen, Z.-S. Hua, S.-J. Li, M. Hu, J.-T. Li and W.-S. Shu (2013). "Contemporary environmental variation determines microbial diversity patterns in acid mine drainage." ISME J 7(5): 1038-1050. Larson, C. (2014). "China gets serious about its pollutant-laden soil." Science 343(6178): 1415-1416. Wang, M., H. Song, W.-Q. Chen, C. Lu, Q. Hu, Z. Ren, Y. Yang, Y. Xu, A. Zhong and W. Ling (2011). "Cancer mortality in a Chinese population surrounding a multi-metal sulphide mine in Guangdong province: an ecologic study." BMC Public Health 11(1): 1. Wang, M., Y. Xu, S. Pan, J. Zhang, A. Zhong, H. Song and W. Ling (2011). "Long-term heavy metal pollution and mortality in a Chinese population: an ecologic study." Biol Trace Elem Res 142(3): 362-379. Huang, L. N., J. L. Kuang and W. S. Shu (2016). "Microbial Ecology and Evolution in the Acid Mine Drainage Model System." Trends in Microbiology 24(7): 581-593. Johnson, D. B. and K. B. Hallberg (2003). "The microbiology of acidic mine waters." Research in Microbiology 154(7): 466-473. Johnson, D. B. and K. B. Hallberg (2005). "Acid mine drainage remediation options: a review." Science of the total environment 338(1): 3-14.

Thanks!

TP223