shelter meetingicrc/op_assist_eh shelter meeting, geneva 15.11.2007 site planning – the block...
TRANSCRIPT
Shelter meeting ICRC/OP_ASSIST_EH
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Shelter meeting, Geneva 15.11.2007
Site planning – The block approach
Jean Vergain
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Health pyramid
• FoodFood• NutritionNutrition
• Environmental Environmental • healthhealth• WaterWater• WasteWaste• EnergyEnergy
• HousingHousing
• Public healthPublic health• ImmunizationImmunization
• Health educationHealth education
CareCare• MedicalMedical• SurgerySurgery
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Health pyramid
FoodFoodNutritionNutrition
Public healthPublic health• Immunization
Immunization• Health educationHealth education
CareCare• MedicalMedical• SurgerySurgery
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Concept of interaction between population and environment
PopulationPopulationPopulationPopulation EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment
Human wasteHuman wasteGarbageGarbage
Liquid wasteLiquid waste
WaterWaterEnergyEnergy
Materials / HousingMaterials / HousingVectorsVectors
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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PopulationPopulationPopulationPopulation
Example of vicious circle in the relations between population and environment
Increased incidence of
diarrheal diseasesdiseases within the population
Increased incidence of
diarrheal diseasesdiseases within the population
Inadequate disposalof human waste
leads to increased contamination of theenvironment and an increased number of
disease vectors
Inadequate disposalof human waste
leads to increased contamination of theenvironment and an increased number of
disease vectors
Human wasteHuman waste
Increased riskIncreased riskof transmittingof transmitting
germsgerms
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
University Hospitals of Geneva needs per day in 2001 (www.hug-ge.ch)
2'187 beds 1'950'000 liters = 195 water trucks (10 m3) 125'000 KwH 7'700 meals (included visitors)
Annual budget = 1'200 mio CHF
ICRC budget = 830 mio CHF
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Daily needs for 10'000 displaced people
Food : 5'500 kgFood : 5'500 kgWater : 200'000 Water : 200'000
litersliters
100 consultation
1 hospitalization
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Choice of a site
PopulationPopulationPopulationPopulation Allocate alarge area
Drainage
Liquid wasteRain water
Wind
Waste
Access to:• Food• Water• Energy
Access to Access to communication communication
routesroutes
SecuritySecurity
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Choice of a site
Adequate water available all year Space sufficient (45 m2/person when possible) Adequate drainage (avoid flat and marshy ground) No major environmental health hazard (high winds, extremes
of weather or risks of flooding) Fairly easy access to road and other communications, and to
supplies of food, cooking fuel and shelter materials Vegetation provides shade and soil conditions permit water
infiltration and possibilities for vegetable gardening Good security and little possibility of the population being
affected by hostilities, or coming into conflict with local residents
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Social behaviour
Camp situation Existing social disruption Large concentration of population Large demand for water Contamination of existing water sources Fight for water
Resident population Social rules linked to water Traditional beliefs Water rights
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Number of refugees : 20'000Family size : 7
Number of users per latrine : 50Maxmium distance to the latrine : 50m
Slope : 5%Surface per person : 30m2
Camp dimension : 600 x 1000 m
Site planning (1)RoadRoad
= 100 m x 100 m= 100 m x 100 m
Slo
pe 5%
Slo
pe 5%
600m600m
1000m1000m
RiverRiver
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Site planning (2)
= 100 m x 100 m
Total surface area for a camp
30 m2/person
= 350 persons
Total surface area for a camp
30 m2/person
= 350 persons
RiverRiver
RoadRoad
Slo
pe 5%
Slo
pe 5%
600m600m
1000m1000m
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Site planning (3)
1.1. = 100 m x 100 m
2.2. 30 m2/person
= 350 persons
3.3. Total for the camp : 60
20'000 pers. / 350 : 57
3For administrationand hospital :
4.4. Distance between blocks : 30m
100m
100m
15 1570
1515
70
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Site planning (4)
5.5.
5 m
20 m
20 m
20 m
5 m
70 m 6.6.
8 X 6 = 48 families7m x 10m per family
10 m2 per person
7pers x 6plots x 8groups x 57blocs = 19152 persons
10 m 10 m
7 m
7 m
7 m
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
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Site planning (5)
RiverRiver
RoadRoad
Slo
pe 5%
Slo
pe 5%
600m600m
1000m1000m
WarehouseWarehouse
HospitalHospital
Water facilityWater facility
AdministrationAdministration
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eau et habitat - water and habitat
e
Abshok campin Darfur,Sudan60'000 IDPs
I30 20
J
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A B C D E F G H
L M NK O P Q
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
O P Q R S T
I J L M NK
Water tank (70 m3)
LEGENDJebel Si
ICRC / SRCS
IRC clinic
OXFAM
Camp Management
WFP
WES
Cemetery
Market area
OXFAM
14
88
N
Kurma
Jedara
Tawila
Rokiro
1700
Fata Borno
Orientation of camp : 1/4 N-NW
1
2
3
4
Hand pumps
Umda : Omar Adam Ishak
Cheikh : Idris Mohamed Daldoon
? ?
Umda : Mohamedin Adam Musa
Umda : Abakar Hassan Abo
Umda : Musa Ibrahim Musa
Umda : Ibrahim Abdallah Ali
Umda : Abakar Hassan Abdallah
Mosque
Umda : Adam Ali Mohamed
Umda : Adam Ali Mohamed
Blocks
Services
Water storage and distribution
Limit of Umdiya
K3 Block identifierICRC/SRCS Department or
Organisation
Depression
Umda : Hissein Ishak Saju
Umda : Yacoub Suleiman Abdallah
Umda : Hissein Ishak Yahya
Umda : Musa Ibrahim Musa
Umda : Bahar el Din Abdallah Ripa
Umda : Ishak Abakar
Umda : Mohamed Mahmood Khemis
? ?
? ? ?
Umda : Adam Ali
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Widows
?? ? ?
0
58
9
10
7
6
11
1213
14 15
16
17
1819
20
21
22
23
24
Umda : Mohamed Mahmood Khemis
Umda : Mohamed Mahmood Khemis
Umda : Abu el Bashar Abdallah
Umda : El Hadi Abdallah Abdel Rahman
Village : Shakshako
Umda : Mahmood Ibrahim / El Tijani Mohamed Salih
Umda : El Hadi Abdallah Abdel Rahman
Ch
eik
h :
Ada
m
Aba
kar
Idris
10
15
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