SHEF and IPEDS Annual FTE Data: A SHEF and IPEDS Annual FTE Data: A Comparative StudyComparative Study

Professional Development ConferenceProfessional Development Conference August 15-17, Chicago August 15-17, Chicago

Takeshi Yanagiura, Data AnalystTakeshi Yanagiura, Data AnalystState Higher Education Executive OfficersState Higher Education Executive Officers

Why did we do this study?Why did we do this study?SHEF Visibility SHEF Visibility ↑↑ SHEF increasingly used as a source of information on enrollments and operating SHEF increasingly used as a source of information on enrollments and operating

revenues for public higher educationrevenues for public higher education

Alternative Data: IPEDSAlternative Data: IPEDS Other high-profile policy analyses use IPEDS finance and enrollment data Other high-profile policy analyses use IPEDS finance and enrollment data

(Measuring Up, NCHEMS Funding Adequacy Study)(Measuring Up, NCHEMS Funding Adequacy Study)

We need to understand the nature and magnitude of differences between the two data sources

Annual FTE % Difference IPEDS Relative to SHEF, 2003-04

(Public 4-year and 2-year institutions)

*Dept. of Technical & Adult Education (DTAE) institutions were not included in Georgia's SHEF response in 2003-04.

-15.2%

39.6%

-0.5%

-20.0%

-10.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

Cal

iforn

iaId

aho

Wis

cons

inN

ew Y

ork

Mis

sour

iT

enne

ssee

Mai

neK

entu

cky

Pen

nsyl

vani

aT

exas

Indi

ana

Ver

mon

tO

hio

Min

neso

taH

awai

iA

lask

aU

SA

rkan

sas

Virg

inia

Neb

rask

aN

orth

Dak

ota

Mas

sach

uset

tsIo

wa

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Wes

t Virg

inia

Ala

bam

aA

rizon

aLo

uisi

ana

New

Mex

ico

Nor

th C

arol

ina

Uta

hM

aryl

and

Ore

gon

Mon

tana

Okl

ahom

aM

ichi

gan

New

Ham

pshi

reM

issi

ssip

piC

olor

ado

Wyo

min

gIll

inoi

sC

onne

ctic

utR

hode

Isla

ndW

ashi

ngto

nF

lorid

aS

outh

Dak

ota

New

Jer

sey

Del

awar

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evad

aK

ansa

sG

eorg

ia*

SHEEO’s InquirySHEEO’s Inquiry

TimingTiming February – April 2006February – April 2006

We Provided…We Provided… Public 2 & 4 yr Annual FTE (AY 2004) from IPEDS Enrollment Public 2 & 4 yr Annual FTE (AY 2004) from IPEDS Enrollment

SurveySurvey This is the most recent year for which IPEDS and SHEF annual FTE This is the most recent year for which IPEDS and SHEF annual FTE

were availablewere available Prior to 2002-03, IPEDS FTE estimated from Fall term headcountPrior to 2002-03, IPEDS FTE estimated from Fall term headcount

We askedWe asked for for…… An institution by institution listing of AnAn institution by institution listing of Annual FTE reported to nual FTE reported to

SHEFSHEF

Response RateResponse Rate 34 state agencies responded to SHEEO’s inquiry 34 state agencies responded to SHEEO’s inquiry

Main FindingsMain FindingsDifferences in Differences in SHEF dataSHEF data Relative to IPEDS Relative to IPEDS

SUR doesn’t collect Summer FTESUR doesn’t collect Summer FTE

Tribal Colleges Tribal Colleges ExcludedExcluded

Estimate based on prior year’s dataEstimate based on prior year’s data

FTE calculation method difference FTE calculation method difference

Timing of Timing of data collection (End of Term, Census Date)data collection (End of Term, Census Date)

Career CenterCareer Centerss, Vocational Training Center, Vocational Training Centerss, etc. , etc. might bemight be exexcluded cluded fromfrom SHEF even if considered “Public 2-year” in IPEDS SHEF even if considered “Public 2-year” in IPEDS

SHEF excludes non-funded FTE (e.g. Adult Education)SHEF excludes non-funded FTE (e.g. Adult Education)

SHEF and IPEDS: SHEF and IPEDS: Fundamental DifferencesFundamental Differences

Reporting Dates vary by institutionsReporting Dates vary by institutions N = 57 (SHEF) vs. N = Approx. 1800 N = 57 (SHEF) vs. N = Approx. 1800

(IPEDS)(IPEDS) State vs. Institutional PerspectiveState vs. Institutional Perspective Non-funded vs. Funded FTE Non-funded vs. Funded FTE

Numeric agreement is not the goal!

Refresh Our Memory I:Refresh Our Memory I:SHEF FTE DefinitionSHEF FTE Definition

1 Undergraduate FTE = 1 Undergraduate FTE = 30 Credit Hours (for semester systems)30 Credit Hours (for semester systems) 45 Credit Hours (for quarter systems)45 Credit Hours (for quarter systems) 900 Contact Hours 900 Contact Hours

1 Graduate/First Professional FTE = 1 Graduate/First Professional FTE = 24 Credit Hours (for semester systems)24 Credit Hours (for semester systems) 36 Credit Hours (for quarter systems)36 Credit Hours (for quarter systems) A few states calculate First Professional A few states calculate First Professional

differentlydifferently

Refresh Our Memory II:Refresh Our Memory II:SHEF FTE DefinitionSHEF FTE Definition

SHEF FTE Includes: SHEF FTE Includes: Summer FTE (even if it is not state-funded)Summer FTE (even if it is not state-funded) Non-degree credit vocational-technical, Non-degree credit vocational-technical,

remedial and other program enrollments remedial and other program enrollments which result in some form of certificate or which result in some form of certificate or other formal recognition other formal recognition

SHEF FTE Does SHEF FTE Does NotNot Include Include Non-credit continuing education, adult Non-credit continuing education, adult

education, or extension courses, education, or extension courses, unless they unless they are state-fundedare state-funded. .

With Identical InstitutionsWith Identical Institutions

Public 2Public 2 Public 4Public 4 Public Public 2&42&4

All All Responded Responded States’ Avg.States’ Avg.

-0.8%-0.8% 1.4%1.4% 0.6 %0.6 %

The Largest The Largest DifferenceDifference 20.0%20.0% 34.6%34.6% 24.4%24.4%

IPEDS FTE relative to SHEF FTE

-0.8%

-17.2%

20.0%

-20.0%

-15.0%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%Ill

inoi

s

New

Ham

pshi

re

New

Jer

sey

Mis

siss

ippi

Nev

ada

Wyo

min

g

Nor

th D

akot

a

Iow

a

Okl

ahom

a

Col

orad

o

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Con

nect

icut

Ken

tuck

y

Virg

inia

Geo

rgia

Flo

rida

Ala

ska

Mas

sach

uset

ts

US

Mon

tana

Ala

bam

a

Wes

t Virg

inia

Ohi

o

Mar

ylan

d

Tex

as

Wis

cons

in

New

Yor

k

Pen

nsyl

vani

a

IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 2-yearPublic 2-year

(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)

-5.1%

34.6%

1.4%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

Col

orad

o

Nev

ada

Con

nect

icut

Nor

th D

akot

a

New

Jer

sey

Flo

rida

Mar

ylan

d

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Tex

as

Pen

nsyl

vani

a

Mon

tana US

New

Yor

k

New

Ham

pshi

re

Iow

a

Okl

ahom

a

Mis

siss

ippi

Virg

inia

Ore

gon

Ala

ska

Ohi

o

Geo

rgia

Wis

cons

in

Mas

sach

uset

ts

Illin

ois

Mai

ne

Ken

tuck

y

Ala

bam

a

Wes

t Virg

inia

IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 4-yearPublic 4-year

(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)

-6.5%

24.4%

0.6%

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Col

orad

o

Nev

ada

Illin

ois

New

Jer

sey

Nor

th D

akot

a

Wyo

min

g

Con

nect

icut

New

Ham

pshi

re

Mis

siss

ippi

Iow

a

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Flo

rida

Okl

ahom

a

Mon

tana US

Mar

ylan

d

Virg

inia

Ore

gon

Ala

ska

Geo

rgia

Ohi

o

Tex

as

Mas

sach

uset

ts

Ken

tuck

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Pen

nsyl

vani

a

Ala

bam

a

Mai

ne

Wes

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New

Yor

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Wis

cons

in

IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: IPEDS Relative to SHEF FTE With Identical Institutions: Public 2- and 4-year CombinedPublic 2- and 4-year Combined

(States responding to SHEEO’s inquiry Only)

ImplicationsImplications

Over-time Consistency is the most Over-time Consistency is the most important factor in SHEFimportant factor in SHEF

If you want to change FTE reporting If you want to change FTE reporting method to SHEF, please do so at method to SHEF, please do so at least from FY 2001, preferably from least from FY 2001, preferably from FY 1991 FY 1991

United States Public Postsecondary Enrollment, Educational Appropriations per FTE, and Total Educational Revenues per FTE, Fiscal 1980-2005

$6,934$7,117

$6,309

$5,825

$7,976

$9,196

$10,079

$9,246

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Pu

bli

c F

TE

En

roll

men

t (i

n m

illi

on

s)

$4,500

$5,500

$6,500

$7,500

$8,500

$9,500

$10,500

Do

llar

s p

er F

TE

FTE EdApprops/FTE TotEdRevs/FTE

National Recession

Constant 2005 dollars adjusted for inflation by SHEEO Higher Ed Cost Adjustment (HECA).