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BOARD CHAIR Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour Dean of the Faculty THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL Prof. Vice dean for the post graduate and research

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BOARD CHAIR

Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour ean of the Faculty

THE DIRECTOR OF THE JOURNAL

Prof. Dr. Ibrahim SOBHIice dean for the post graduate and research

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No. 5 (2018

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BOARD CHAIR

Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour M. ean of the Faculty of Archaeology


Ibrahim SOBHIice dean for the post graduate and research

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ournal Issued By The Faculty

M. RAMADAN Archaeology – Fayoum University


Ibrahim SOBHI ice dean for the post graduate and research

The Faculty Of

RAMADAN Fayoum University


ice dean for the post graduate and research

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Of Archaeology

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Archaeology, Fayoum University

2018


Fayoum University

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Associate Prof

EDITORDr. Austin [email protected] for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council

Dr. Abdelrazek [email protected] Prof

Dr. Ahmed [email protected] ASSISTANT EDITORS Dr. Mohamed A. NASSAREgyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. HamadaIslamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology THE SECRETARYDr. Said Saeid ZakiIslamic

III

Fayoum University

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Annual Peer-Reviewed J

Dr. Maher A. [email protected]

Associate Prof.

EDITORS Dr. Austin [email protected] for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council Dr. Abdelrazek [email protected] Prof. Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. Ahmed [email protected] of Egyptology

ASSISTANT EDITORSDr. Mohamed A. NASSAREgyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

Hamada ThabetIslamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

THE SECRETARYDr. Said Saeid ZakiIslamic Archaeology

Fayoum University

No. 5 (2018

Reviewed Journal Issued By

Dr. Maher A. [email protected]

of Coptology/EgyptologyFaculty of Archaeology

Dr. Austin NEVIN [email protected] Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council

[email protected]

Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology Dr. Ahmed MEKAWY [email protected]

Egyptology, Faculty of

ASSISTANT EDITORSDr. Mohamed A. NASSAR Egyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

Thabet Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

THE SECRETARY Dr. Said Saeid Zaki

Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

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ournal Issued By The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University

MANAGING EDITORS

Dr. Maher A. EISSA [email protected]

f Coptology/EgyptologyFaculty of Archaeology

Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council NAGGAR

[email protected] Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology


ASSISTANT EDITORS

Egyptology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology –

Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology


The Faculty Of Archaeology, Fayoum University

MANAGING EDITORS

f Coptology/Egyptology Associate ProfFaculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University

Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council

Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology

Archaeology – Cairo University

– Fayoum University

Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University

, Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University


MANAGING EDITORS

Dr. Ahmed [email protected]

Associate Prof. of Fayoum University

Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council

Restoration Dep., Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University

Cairo University

Fayoum University

Fayoum University

Fayoum University

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Ahmed [email protected]

of Islamic ArchaeologyFayoum University

Institute for photonics and nanotechnologies, National Research Council - (CNR

Fayoum University

Cairo University

Fayoum University

Fayoum University

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Ahmed AMEEN [email protected]

Islamic Archaeology

(CNR-IFN), Italy

Fayoum University

IFN), Italy

IV

Fayoum University

Anne BOUD’HORS

Arianna D'OTTONE

Atef Mansour

Austin NEVIN

El

Ezzat H. QADOUS

Gamal A. MAHGOUB

Jacques VAN DER VLIET

Khaled EL

Mahmoud EL

Matija STRIC

Mohamed ABDEL

Mohamed Abdel

Mohamed M. ALKAHLAWY

Ola EL

Philippe COLLOMBERT

Rafat EL

Stefan HEIDEMANN

Stephen QUIRKE

Views are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology University.

IV

Fayoum University

Anne BOUD’HORS

Arianna D'OTTONE

Atef Mansour

Austin NEVIN

El-Sayed MAHFOUZ

Ezzat H. QADOUS

Gamal A. MAHGOUB


Khaled EL-ENANY

Mahmoud EL

Matija STRIC

Mohamed ABDEL

Mohamed Abdel


Ola EL-OGAZY

Philippe COLLOMBERT

Rafat EL-NABARAWY

Stefan HEIDEMANN

Stephen QUIRKE

iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology University.

Fayoum University

Anne BOUD’HORS

Arianna D'OTTONE

Atef Mansour M. RAMADAN

Austin NEVIN

Sayed MAHFOUZ

Ezzat H. QADOUS

Gamal A. MAHGOUB


ENANY

Mahmoud EL-HAMRAWY

Matija STRIC

Mohamed ABDEL- HADY

Mohamed Abdel-Satar OTHMAN


OGAZY

Philippe COLLOMBERT

NABARAWY

Stefan HEIDEMANN

Stephen QUIRKE

iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology

Advisory Board

RAMADAN


HAMRAWY

HADY

Satar OTHMAN


Philippe COLLOMBERT

NABARAWY


Advisory Board

IRHT

University of Rome, Italy.

Fyoum University, Egypt.

Politecnico di Milano, Italy.

Assiout University, Egypt.

Alexandria University, Egypt.


Leiden University, the Netherlands.

Helwan University, Egypt.

Sohag University, Egypt.

University College London

Cairo University, Egypt.

Sohag



Geneva University, Switzerland.


Hamburg University, Germany.

University College London, UK.


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Advisory Board

IRHT – CNRS (Paris), France.










University College London










SHEDET (5)


CNRS (Paris), France.












University, Egypt.








2018


CNRS (Paris), France.



, UK.




iews are presented in this journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum

Fayoum

Fayoum University

Archaeology (the Jare opening adesigned to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.

fffooourthprovide challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needfield ofpublication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically

Islamic and Coptic language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto publish of scholarly interpretation.

this new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express more successful issues to come. editor

Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour

V

Fayoum University

On behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Archaeology – Fayoum University, we are proud to (the Journal of the Faculty of Aare opening a new era of scientific publicationdesigned to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.

Presenting the fffooourth previous

rovide our readers with a volumechallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needfield of heritage andpublication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically

The main scope of the SHEDIslamic and Coptic language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto publish researchof scholarly interpretation.

Finally, wethis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express

e successful issues to come. editors, and advisory board for all their efforts.

Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour

Fayoum University

n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to

ournal of the Faculty of Anew era of scientific publication

designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international standards of excellence.

Presenting the fifth volumeprevious volume

our readers with a volumechallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is need

heritage and archaeology,publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of few scientifically peer-reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt

The main scope of the SHEDIslamic and Coptic archaeologylanguage, literature, history, art, and related subjects

research that contributeof scholarly interpretation.

Finally, we would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express

e successful issues to come. and advisory board for all their efforts.

Prof. Dr. Atef Mansour & Prof. Fayoum, 201

EDITORIAL FOREWORD


ournal of the Faculty of Archaeology new era of scientific publication

designed to reach people all over the world, and to be judged according to international

volume of SHEDvolumes– happiness and challenge

our readers with a volume of selectchallenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international quality. Of course help is needed from scholars and researchers all over the world in the

archaeology, to be able to continue and sustain producing this publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of

reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt

The main scope of the SHEDET rchaeology, conservation

language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsthat contributes to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement

would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express

e successful issues to come. We must also thank all the editorial teamand advisory board for all their efforts.

Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Sobhi2018

EDITORIAL FOREWORD


rchaeology – Fayoum Universitynew era of scientific publication of Heritage and


SHEDET gives ushappiness and challenge

of selected and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international

from scholars and researchers all over the world in the to be able to continue and sustain producing this

publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of reviewed journals dedicated to Archaeology in Egypt

T Journal is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , conservation, museology, and heritage (concerning

language, literature, history, art, and related subjectsto the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement


must also thank all the editorial teamand advisory board for all their efforts.

Ibrahim Sobhi

EDITORIAL FOREWORD

n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of Fayoum University, we are proud to present the

Fayoum UniversityHeritage and


gives us – in the same context happiness and challenge; happiness in being able to

and refereed intellectual contributions, and challenge in trying to sustain this journal and provide publications of international



is various aspects of ancient Egyptian, , museology, and heritage (concerning

language, literature, history, art, and related subjects), before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement


must also thank all the editorial team

SHEDET


n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of present the fifth issue

Fayoum University). With this journal, we Heritage and Archaeology


in the same context happiness in being able to





, before the modern period. It aims to the enlargement of knowledge or the advancement

would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication othis new journal for their support and collegial collaboration, and express our

must also thank all the editorial team

SHEDET (5)


n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of issue of SHEDET

). With this journal, we Archaeology in Egypt,


in the same context of our happiness in being able to



publication. The continuation of this journal is vitally important, as it is one of the very



would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication oour hopes for

must also thank all the editorial team, language

n behalf of the editorial board and the administration of the faculty of SHEDET

). With this journal, we in Egypt,


our happiness in being able to



very



would like to thank all contributors to the successful publication of hopes for

, language

SHEDET (5) 2018

VI

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL FOREWORD IV

CONTENTS V

ANCIENT ARCHAEOLOGY & EGYPTOLOGY

REMARKS ON THE HEAD OF ROMAN SOLDIER IN THE GRAECO-ROMAN MUSEUM AT ALEXANDRIA

Abdel Basset ABDEL FATTAH 1-8

A PTOLEMAIC STELA OF ANKH-WENNEFER IN THE GRAND EGYPTIAN MUSEUM (GEM.12920)

Ahmed MASHHOUT 9-16

THE ANTHROPOID WOODEN COFFIN OF %n(⸗J)-JW IN CAIRO MUSEUM (CG. 61010.1-2) Ibrahim ABD EL SATTAR 17-34

AN USHABTI OF THE KING SENKAMANISKEN Islam I. AMER 35-47

AN OLD KINGDOM FUNERARY SLAB STELA OF A MAN IN ALEXANDRIA NATIONAL MUSEUM

Marzouk AMAN 48-63

A UNIQUE REPRESENTATION OF A WOMAN IN THE SCENES OF STATUE MANUFACTURE Mohamed I. ABOUELATA 64-81

REMARKS ON THE CONCEPT OF WIND IN THE TEXTS OF THE TEMPLE OF ESNA Mohammed A. ELSAYED 82-95

UNPUBLISHED STELA OF IJJ AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232)

Mostafa SHALABY& Mohamed NASSAR

96-108

THE MORTUARY CHAPEL OF UKHHOTEP SON OF IMA (A. NO.3) AT MEIR Nour GALAL 109─127

ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY

THE INDEPENDENCY ACTIVITIES OF AHMED PAŞA AL-KRCHĪ AND THEIR REFLECTIONS ON THE OTTOMAN COINS IN EGYPT (929 A.H./1524 A.D.)

Ahmed M. YOUSEF 128-137

PERSIAN POWDER FLASKS PRESERVED IN THE GAYER–ANDERSON MUSEUM IN CAIRO: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ATRISTIC STUDY

Hossam O. TANTAWY & Rehab I. ELSIEDY

138-161

SHEDET (5)

VII

THE MEDRESE AND IMARET OF HAYREDDIN BARBAROSSA ON THE ISLAND OF LESBOS/MIDILLI: A LITTLE-KNOWN ASPECT OF THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF SAPPHO'S ISLAND UNDER THE OTTOMANS (1462–1912)

Machiel KIEL 162-176

HILAL BEY MOSQUE IN KŪM AL-NŪR, DAQAHLIA (EGYPT): A HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

Mohamed H. METWALLEY 177-210

PAINTINGS OF TURKISH RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES IN ISTANBUL THROUGH SOME WORKS OF THE ENGLISH ORIENTALIST PAINTER THOMAS ALLOUM MID 13th AH/ 19th AD CENTURY

El-Sayed S. ABO SHANAB & Ibrahim W. HASSANEIN

211-223

ED. HALIT EREN; PREPARED BY HALIT EREN, MUSTAFA OĞUZ, AND ZEKAI METE. BALKANLAR’DA OSMANLI VAKIFLARI, VAKFIYELER YUNANISTAN

Ahmed AMEEN 224-229

CONSERVATION

NANO TREATMENT OF DECAYED CEMENT-LIME MORTARS FROM THE EDFENA ROYAL PALACE (ROSETTA, EGYPT)

Abubakr MOUSSA 230-251

SHEDET (5) 2018

VIII

ANCIENT ARCHAEOLOGY & EGYPTOLOGY

SHED

ET Is

sue

nu. 5

(201

8)

Fayoum University


SHEDET Issue nu. 5 (2018), pp. 96─108 - 96 -

UNPUBLISHED STELA OF IJJ

AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232)

Mostafa SHALABY 1 and Mohamed NASSAR2

1Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt

E-mail: [email protected]

2 Lecturer, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to publish small

rectangular round topped stela belonging

to Ijj. This stela is in Cairo Museum under

number (C.G. 10232, T.N R 26.4.22.7).

The stela mentions the family genealogy

and a short offering formula. The names,

decorations, and the orthography of the

names and an offering formula dated it to

the first half of the Thirteenth Dynasty.

الملخص

حهدف هرة انىزقت انبحثيت اني وشس نىحت مسخطيهت

. ححفظ حانيا في Ijjانشكم ذاث قمت دائسيت نهمدعى

C.G. 10232, T.N)انمخحف انمصسي ححج زقم

R 26.4.22.7) ومه خالل ما حشيس انيه هرة

باالضافت اني Ijjخسهسم انعائهي السسة انانهىحت مه

فان هرة األسماءصيغت حقديم انقسبان وطسيقت كخابت

انهىحت حعىد اني انىصف األول مه األسسة انثانثت

عشس.

KEYWORDS

Stela, Thirteenth Dynasty, Ijj, Family genealogy.

الكلمات الدالة

.سسي، انخسهسم األ Ijj ، األسسة انثانثت عشسنىحت،

1. DESCRIPTION

The stela is made of limestone with no traces of colors. It has a ruffle rectangle shape

with a round top. Its measurements C. 34 cm in height, C. 21 cm in width and the

sickness between 10 cm to 12 cm. Its provenance is unknown but probably come from

Abydos. The stela is divided into three registers of incised sunk reliefs and inscriptions.

The first section contains the main texts which include nine vertical lines; the

hieroglyphic text occupies the round top of the stela in two levels. There are some

scratches and damages at the top and edges of the stela erasing some signs of the texts.

mailto:[email protected]

Mostafa SHALABY & Mohamed NASSAR

SHEDET (5)

- 97 - Unpublished Stela of Ijj at Cairo Museum (C.G. 10232)

Fig. 1: Facsimile of The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232 without inscriptions

The second section contains the main scene where the upper register is occupied by a

scene depicting the owner of the stela seated on a short back chair wearing a short knee-

leaned kilt. He wearing a shoulder-length wig and it‟s common in the Middle Kingdom.

His right hand is extended in front of him towards the altar and the left arm is shown on

his chest. An altar for a libation with a pottery vessel is depicted in front of the owner of

the stela. There are two seated sons behind the altar. His wife has depicted standing

wears a long linen tunic behind the seated sons. She wears a long wig and smells a lotus

flower in her right hand. The other hand is extended along her body. The wife is facing

her husband, behind her is found the third son standing and he also facing his father. He

wears a short kilt holding a lotus flower in his left hand and the right one is on his chest

with his side lock of hair, in addition to four vertical lines which represent the name of

5

4

3 1 2 6 7

8

9 10

11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

A

B

C

25

SHEDET (5) 2018

UNPUBLISHED STELA OF Ijj AT CAIRO MUSEUM (C.G. 10232) - 98 -

his wife, and sons. The third section consists of ten vertical columns and one horizontal

line. The scene depicts the owner‟s father seated on a short back chair wearing a short

knee-length kilt. He wears a shoulder-length wig. His right hand is extended in front of

him and the left arm is shown on his chest. The draftsman started to make a relief of an

altar but he stopped because of the lack of space. There are some traces of his try but

very faint. His wife, daughter, brother and a wife of his brother are standing facing him.

His daughter is standing at the beginning of the line wearing a short tight tunic. She

smells a lotus flower in her right hand. His wife is standing after his daughter wearing a

long linen tunic. She smells a lotus flower also in her right hand. His brother is standing

in the same line facing him. He wears a short knee-length kilt. He wears a shoulder-

length wig. His right arm is held to his chest and his left arm extended along his body.

The wife of his brother is standing behind him wearing a long linen tunic holding a lotus

flower in her right hand. Her left hand is straight along her body. She wears along

shoulder wig. In general, the stela is in a quiet fair state of preservation.

2. INSCRIPTIONS

2.1 First section

2.1.1 The text on the left-oriented from right to left

(1)<Htp di>(a) nsw(b) Wsir(c) nb AbDw (d)(2)di.f prt xrw t Hnqt (e)kAw Apdw(f) n (3)kA n(g) Ijj(h)

ir.n (4) nfr<t> (i) (5) mAa- xrw (1)<An offering which> the king <has given> to/and

1 Osiris, lord of Abydos, (2)that

may he gives2 an invocation offering of cattle and fowl (3)for the ka of Ijj born of

(4)nfr<t>, (5)true of voice.

1Satzinger, H., „Beobachtungen zur Opferformel: Theorie and Praxis‟, in: LingAeg 5, (1997), 177-188;

Franke, D., „The Middle Kingdom offering formulas: A Challenge‟, in: JEA 89, (2003), 39-57;

Stefanovic, D., „The Late Middle Kingdom stela of the staff of provisioning sector (Sna) (Musées d'art et

d'histoire, Genève 6875)‟, in: SAK 39, (2010), 314. 2Sometimes, it appeared without di.f formula: see Stefanovic, D., in: SAK 39, (2010), 314.

1 2 3 4 5


SHEDET (5)


2.1.2 The text on the right hand oriented from left to right

(1) Htp di <nsw> Wsir <xnty> Imntyw(j) di (2) <. f prt xrw>t Hnqt kAw Apdw n kA n Hmt.f (3) sAt Hwt-Hr(k) ir. n Astw(l) (4) <tw>j(m) ir.n sAt Hwt-Hr (1) An offering which <the king> gives to/and Osiris, <foremost of> westerns that may

<he> gives (2) <an invocation offering> of bread, beer, cattle and fowl for the ka of his

wife (3) sAt Hwt-Hr, born of Astw, (4) <tw>j, born of sAt Hwt-Hr”.

2.2 Second section The inscription in four vertical columns oriented from left to right

(1) sA.f Irw ianx(n) (2)ir.n sAt Hwt - Hr (3) sn- wsrt snb(o) (4) ir.n sAt Hwt - Hr nbt ImAxw (1) His son Irw- ianx, (2) born of sAt HwT- Hr, (3) (his son) sn- wsrt snb (4) born of sAt Hwt- Hr, lord of veneration.

2.3 Third section The main inscription consists of ten vertical columns and one horizontal line.

2.3.1 The hieroglyphic text over the owner’s father is written in three columns

from right to left.

(1) imy(p) (2) ir. n di.i(q) (3) mAa xrw nb imAx (1) imy, (2) born of di.i, (3) true of voice, lord of veneration.

9 8 7 6

14 13 12 11

17 16 15

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2.3.2 The hieroglyphic text above his wife is written in seven columns from left to

right:

(1) Hmt.f mrt.f (2)nfr<t> irt.n (3)sAt sbk(r) (4)sn.f sn-<ws>rt(s) (5)ir.n nfr<t> (6)Hmt.f sAt xnty-Xty(t) (7)irt.n gft(u)

(1) His wife, his beloved, (2) nfr<t>, born of (3) sAt-sbk (4) His brother, sn-<ws>rt, (5)

born of nfrt” (6) His wife sAt-Xnty-Xty, (7) born of gft”. 2.3.3 A horizontal hieroglyphic text over the daughter oriented from left to right:

sAt.f nfr<t>

His daughter, nfr<t>

3. COMMENT

(a) Htp di: is missing from the formula within the lunette.

(b)<Htp di> nsw: The orthography of this formula appeared in the order sw with t+ htp

without phonetic complements. This form of writing occurred from the end of Twelfth

Dynasty and was attested in the Thirteenth Dynasty with some alternations.1

(c) Wsir: the writing system of the name of Osiris is unfamiliar where there is switching

of the order of signs between A40 and D4 to write them into the available space. The

oldest mention of Osiris is in the Pyramid Texts as the king united with Osiris in the

netherworld.2 Osiris took the role of the formerly god of the dead xnty imntt, the god of

the netherworld who appeared in the presynaptic period as a couching jackal protecting

Abydos necropolis.3

(d) nb AbDw: the normal form of this title is 4,

5, in this stela, its written

without the determinative niwt, this form widely appears in the Thirteenth Dynasty on

1See, Vernus, P., „Sur les graphies de la formule “l‟offrande que donne le roi” au Moyen Empire et à la

Deuxième Période Intermédiaire‟, in: S. Quirke (ed.), Middle Kingdom Studies, New Malden, (1991),

P.144-145; Marée, M., „A Remarkable Group of Egyptian Stelae from the Second Intermediate Period‟,

in: OMRO 73, (1993), 8-11; Selim, S., „The Stela of Hr-wDAw in the Cairo Museum (JE 41332)‟, in: SAK

28, (2000), 247. 2Sethe, K., Altägyptische Pyramiden Text, 2 Bde, Leipzig, (1908), 214 (a-c).

3Saied, M., Götterglauben und Gottheiten in der Vorgeschichte und Frühzeit Ägyptens, Doktorarbeit,

Kairo-Uni, (1997), 6-7; LGG, II, 532:568. 4Selim, S., in: SAK 28, (2000), 254.

5Abdel- Raziq, A., „A Middle Kingdom funerary stela of a woman at Al-Salam School Museum, Assiut‟,

in: JEA 99, (2013), 277.

22 21 20 19 18 24 23

25


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the Stele of ir-gmt.f, stele of snb, Stele of snbi.1 In the New Kingdom, sometimes it

appears with more abbreviation . 2

(e) prt xrw t Hnqt: There is a new element to be observed in the offering formula of the

early Middle Kingdom with the introduction of di.f. 3 The only structural difference

between Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom formulas is the additional insertion of a

prospective di.f “may he give”, introducing the following request for an invocation

offering.4 It is believed that Prt-Xrw was introduced during the Eleventh Dynasty.

However, the construction changed in the Twelfth Dynasty to di.f/.s/.sn.5

(f) kAw Abdw: this elements appear on this stela with two different forms , . It was

widely appeared during the Thirteenth Dynasty and continues in the Second

Intermediate Period.6

(g) n kA n:The occurrence of this phrase on stela is probably known from an earlier date

despite claims by Bennett7: although only later in the Dynasty did it make its way to the

superstructure.8 Its occurrence on Stela is even later than the end of the Old Kingdom.

9

Bennett suggests that n kA n occurred since the time of “Amenemhat II”, after the

alternations happened to the formula since the time of “Senusert I”.10

This form of

writing did not occur before the 13th

Dynasty.11

There are several examples on the

Thirteenth Dynasty stela mentioned the phrase n kA n typically.12

These examples simply

state that the monument‟s owner was the recipient of the offering. (h) Ijj: Ranke

13 Mentioned that this name appeared in the Middle Kingdom and

continued in the Second Intermediate Period. It appeared with different forms ,14

1Hein, I& Satzinger, H., Stelen des Mittleren Riches I, Einschließlich Der 1 und II. Zfiischenzeit, Mainz,

(1989), 39-43, 48-54, 56-61 2Clère, J., „La Stèle de Sânkhptah, chambellan du roi Râḥotep ‟, in: JEA 68, (1982), 66.

3The use of di.f (May he give ) appeared during the Twelfth Dynasty see: Orel, S., „Two Unpublished

Stelae from Beni Hasan‟, in: JEA 81, (1995), 218. 4Franke, D., in: JEA 89, (2003), 46; Obsomer, C., „di. f prt-xrw et la filiation ms(t).n/ir(t).n comme

critères de datation dans les textes du Moyen Empire‟, in: Cannuyer, C& Kruchten. J.M (éds), Individu,

sociéte et spiritualité dans l’Egypte Pharaonique et copte: Mélanges égyptologiques offerts au Professeur

Artiside Théodoridès, Bruxelles, (1993), 192:196. 5Azam, L., „An Unpublished Stela in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE 88011‟, in: CASAE 37, (2008), 71;

Bennett, C.J., „Growth of the Htp-di-nsw formula in the Middle Kingdom‟, in: JEA 27, (1941), 77; Lapp,

G., „Eine spezielle Opferformel des Mittleren Reiches‟, in: SAK 14, (1987), 181-183. 6Tomich, A., „Changes in the Htp-dj-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second

Intermediate Period‟, in: ZÄS 138, (2011), 23. 7Bennett, C.J., in: JEA 27, (1941), 79:81.

8Barta, W., Aufbau und Bedeutung der altägyptischen Opferformel, ÄF 24, Glückstadt, (1968), 33, n.3.

9Abdalla, A., „The Cenotaph of Sekwaskhet Family from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 78, (1992), Fig 2 (b).

10Bennett, in: JEA 27, (1941), 79 (N. 6).

11Pflüger, K., „The private funerary Stelae of the Middle Kingdom and their importance for the study of

Ancient Egyptian history‟, in: JOAS 67, (1947), 133. 12

Cf. Stelae BM EA 215, EA 238, EA 252; Cairo CG 20089. Lapp, in: SAK 14, (1987), 182. 13

Ranke, PN , I, 7:17. 14

Stela Cairo JE 52453(Davies, W. V., „The tomb of a Governor of Elkab of the Second Intermediate

Period ‟, in: Miniaci, G& Grajetzki, W., The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC):

Contributions on archaeology, art, religion, and written sources, Vol II, London, (2016), 80 fig. 10);

Stela Habachi, Heqaib, no. 90(Habachi, L., Elephantine IV. The Sanctuary of Heqaib. AV 33. Mainz,

(1985), 105-106, pl. 184).

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,1

,2

.3 Sometimes, this name used for a woman with a title nbt pr

.4

(i) nfr(t): For this feminine name, Ranke, PN, I, 201:10.

(j) xnty Imntyw: it appears with a rare spelling. The scribe ignores Xnty.5 (k) sAt Hwt-Hr: For this name see Ranke, PN 291,14.

(l) Astw: see Ranke, PN I, 3. 18. (m) <tw>j: thy first part of the name are destroyed, but we can complete it by the

remains where this name common during the Late Middle Kingdom.6

(n) irw ianx: This name is not listed by Ranke, but maybe there are similar this name and

irw7.

(o) sn- wsrt snb see Ranke, PN I, 269.6.

(p) imy: For this name see Ranke, PN I, 26.2. It appeared in other different forms as:

, , 8, .9

(q) di.i: This name is not listed by Ranke. Probably it represents the name diw.10

(r)sAt sbk: see Ranke, PN I, 293.9 (s)sn-wsrt: see Ranke, PN I, 269.1

(t)sAt xnty-Xty: the name xnty-Xty widely appeared in the Late Middle kingdom for

men11

, while sAt xnty-Xty is a common name during the Middle Kingdom with different

forms: , , .12

1Stela Durham DUROM.1964.186 (Smith, S., The Fortress of Buhen. The Inscriptions. EES, Excavation

Memoir 48, London, (1976), 20-21, pl. VIII.1, LX.2). 2Statue base Cairo JE 87254(Davies, W. V., in: Miniaci, G& Grajetzki, W., The World of Middle

Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC): Contributions on archaeology, art, religion, and written sources, Vol II,

London, (2016), 74 n. 14, fig. 11-12). 3Cairo CG 20297 (Lange, H. O& Schäfer, H., Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im Museum

von Kairo. Vol. 1, Text zu No. 20001-20399. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du

Caire, 5. Berlin, (1902), 310-311) 4Stela Cairo CG 20680 (Lange, H. O& Schäfer, H., Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im

Museum von Kairo. Vol. 4, Tafeln. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, 7,

Berlin,(1902), pl. LI); Stela Hermitage 1080 (Bolshakov, O& Quirke, S., The Middle Kingdom Stelae in

the Hermitage. Publications interuniversitaires de recherches égyptologiques informatisées, vol. 3,

Utrecht- Paris, (1999), no. 6); Stela Louvre C 314 (Ledrain, E., Les monuments égyptiens de la

Bibliothèque Nationale (Cabinet des Médailles et Antiques), Vol. 1. Bibliothèque de l‟École des Hautes

Études, Sciemces phil. et hist. 38, Paris, (1879), pl. XIII).

5This word appeared with different forms as , , , ,

see: LDD, V,783. the common form during the Thirteenth Dynasty is , ,

see: Hein, I& Satzinger, H., Stelen des Mittleren Riches I, Einschließlich Der 1 und II.

Zfiischenzeit, Mainz, (1989). 6Ranke, PN I, 379, 8.

7Ranke, PN I, 41.18; stela BM 1653= Tomich, A., From Workshop to Sanctuary: The Production of Late

Middle Kingdom Memorial Stelae, Middle Kingdom Studies 6, London, (2017), pl. 14. 8Ranke, PN I, 26. 2.

9Stela BM 220 = Franke, D& Maree, M., Egyptian Stelae in the British Museum from the 13th-17th

Dynasties: Fascicule I, Descriptions, vol.1, London, (2013), 52-54, pl. 11. 10

Ranke, PN I, 396, 6. 11

Ewais, M., A., A social history of writing through hieratic sources of the Middle Kingdom from El-

lahun, PhD Dissertation, Fayoum University, (2017), ;Rosati, G., „A Rare Formula on A Thirteenth

Dynasty Stela‟, in: Maree, M., The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth–Seventeenth Dynasties) Current Research, Future Prospects, OLA 192, Paris, (2010), 88. 12

Ranke, PN I, 292.21


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(u) gf.t: see Ranke, PN I, 350.25. 4. PALAEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS

Ser. Sign Forms Ser. Sign Forms

1

R.1.3 R.3.2

5

R.1.2 R.1.7

2

R.1.6

6

R.1.4 R.3.8 R.3.11

3

R.1.3 R.1.6

7

R.1.2 R.2.3 R.1.7 R.1.9

4

R.1.2 R.1.7

8

R.3.6

1. : The head is a dot, and the body appears as long vertical lines. The arms together

have written with one single line.

2. : this sign appeared with two unfamiliar forms, the first one, the sign appears as a

vertical line to represents the body and a short horizontal line for the base, the second

with an oblique line may be to represent the beard.

3. : the sign appears with a similar form of hieratic,1 with hands including thumbs.

4. : In general the sign appears without horns, sometimes the sign has an oval shape .

5. : the neck is very long, and there is a part of the back.

6. : the vertical line above the crossbar disappeared, and sometimes all of this part is

omitted. The lower part of the sign has a dot or an oval.

7. : this sign appears with different forms. The common form is a horizontal line

with short strokes at both ends or at only one side. Sometimes it represents by a zigzag,

the number of the waves is between four and eight. Fewer cases are a combination of

the horizontal line and zigzag.

8. : it consists of three vertical lines, with a horizontal line on the top and another

one with sort strokes at both ends in centre.

5. GENEALOGY

The stela provides information regarding the genealogy of the family up to three

different generations. The three generations are depicted on this stela, while being

indicated with words such as ir.n/ms.n, Hmt.f, sn.f, sA.f sAt.f. Thus, the following matrix

shows the relationship between the three generations.

1Möller, G., Hieratische Paläographi I, 10,108.

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sAt- sbk (Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟ di.i(Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟

imy + nfrt

(the owner) (the wife)

Istw(Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟ Gft (Mother) + (Father) ؟؟؟

sAt xnty-Xty + sn wsrt snb(son) Ijj + sAt Hwt-Hr

(the owner) (the wife)

Twy (son) irw-ianx (son) sn wsrt snb(son)

6. DATING

On the basis of stylists and artistic features, moreover, the linguistic and Palaeographical

remarks mentioned above, the stela can be dated to the first half of the Thirteenth

Dynasty.

The motif of smelling the lotus does not appear on dated stela earlier than Senusert I,

when its rather frequently met with, but only in connection with women.1 Later it seems

to become somewhat rare. From the time of Amenemhat II onwards, men too are

represented as smelling the lotus.2 Women are depicted in Ancient Egyptian Scenes

holding lotus flowers, a simple of life and resurrection3. Seats depicted on the stela

appear with a high back and a scarf over it. This is a remarkable criterion of dating stela

in the Thirteenth Dynasty.4

Palaeographical style of this stela also characterized the Thirteenth Dynasty. The

previous table shows the similarity of the script between the stela under study and

another Thirteenth Dynasty stela.

1Tomich, A., „A twelfth dynasty stela workshop possibly from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 97, (2011), 117-126.

2Pflüger, K., in: JOAS 67, (1947), 130 [6].

3Fischer, H.G., „A God and a General of the Oasis on a stela of the Late Middle Kingdom‟, in: JNES 16

no.4, (1957), 224; Harer, W.B., „Lotus‟, in: D. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,

Vol. II, AUC Press, (2001), 305. Harer, W.B., „Pharmacological and biological properties of the Egyptian

lotus‟, in: JARCE 22, (1985), 49. 4Compere with JE. 43461, 46784, CG. 20232, 454, 599; Scott, N., „Our Egyptian Furinture‟, The

Mertropolitan Museum of Art Bullitan, Vol.24, N.4, (1965), 140.


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REFERENCES

- Abdalla, A., „The Cenotaph of Sekwaskhet Family from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 78, (1992),

93-111.

- Abdel- Raziq, A., „A Middle Kingdom funerary stela of a women at Al-Salam School

Museum, Assiut‟, in: JEA 99, (2013), 275-281.

- Azam, L., „An Unpublished Stela in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, JE 88011‟, in:

CASAE 37, (2008), 71

- Barta, W., Aufbau und Bedeutung der altägyptischen Opferformel, ÄF 24, Glückstadt,

(1968).

- Bennett, C.J., „Growth of the Htp-di-nsw formula in the Middle Kingdom‟, in: JEA 27,

(1941), 77-82.

- Bolshakov, O& Quirke, S., The Middle Kingdom Stelae in the Hermitage.

Publications interuniversitaires de recherches égyptologiques informatisées, vol. 3,

Utrech- Paris, (1999).

- Clère, J., „La Stèle de Sânkhptah, chambellan du roi Râḥotep‟ , in: JEA 68, (1982), 60-

68.

- Davies, W. V., „The tomb of a Governor of Elkab of the Second Intermediate Period‟,

in: Miniaci, M& Grajetzki., The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000-1550 BC):

Contributions on archaeology, art, religion, and written sources, Vol II, London,

(2016), 71-84.

- Ewais, M., A., A social history of writing through hieratic sources of the Middle

Kingdom from El-lahun, PhD Dissertation, Fayoum University, (2017)

- Fischer, H.G., „A God and a General of the Oasis on a stela of the Late Middle

Kingdom‟, in: JNES 16 No.4, (1957), 223-235.

- Franke, D& Maree, M., Egyptian Stelae in the British Museum from the 13th-17th

Dynasties: Fascicule I, Descriptions, vol.1, London , (2013).

- Franke, D., „The Middle Kingdom Offering Formula: A Challenge‟, in: JEA 89,

(2003), 39-57.

- Habachi, L., Elephantine IV. The Sanctuary of Heqaib. AV 33. Mainz, (1985).

- Harer, W.B., „Lotus‟, in: D. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,

Vol. II, AUC Press, (2001), 305.

- ________, „Pharmacological and biological properties of the Egyptian lotus‟, in:

JARCE 22, (1985), 49-54.

- Hein, I& Satzinger, H., Stelen des Mittleren Riches I, Einschließlich Der 1 und II.

Zfiischenzeit, Mainz, (1989).

- Lange, H. O& Schäfer, H., Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im Museum

von Kairo. Vol. 1, Text zu No. 20001-20399. Catalogue général des antiquités

égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, 5. Berlin, (1902).

- __________, Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches im Museum von Kairo. Vol.

4, Tafeln. Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, 7,

Berlin,(1902)

- Lapp, G., „Eine spezielle Opferformel des Mittleren Reiches‟, in: SAK 14, (1987), 181-

183.

- Ledrain, E., Les monuments égyptiens de la Bibliothèque Nationale (Cabinet des

Médailles et Antiques), Vol. 1. Bibliothèque de l‟École des Hautes Études, Sciemces

phil. et hist. 38, Paris, (1879).

-Lesko, L., A dictionary of Late Egyptian, 5 vols, Berkeley, (1982-1990).

- Marée, M., „A Remarkable Group of Egyptian Stelae from the Second Intermediate

Period‟, in: OMRO 73 (1993), 8-11

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- Möller, G., Hieratische Paläographie, I, Leipzig, (1927).

- Obsomer, CL., „di. f prt-xrw et la filiation ms(t).n/ir(t).n comme critères de datation

dans les textes du Moyen Empire‟, in: Cannuyer, C& Kruchten. J.M (éds), Individu,

sociéte et spiritualité dans l’Egypte Pharaonique et copte: Mélanges égyptologiques

offerts au Professeur Artiside Théodoridès, Bruxelles, (1993), 163-201.

- Orel, S., „Two Unpublished Stelae from Beni Hasan‟, in: JEA 81, (1995), 216-220.

- Pflüger, K., „The private funerary stelae of the Middle Kingdom and their importance

for the study of Ancient Egyptian history‟, in: JOAS 67, (1947), 127-135.

- Ranke, H., Die ägyptischen Personennamen, vols I-III, Augustin: Glückstadt, (1935-

1977).

- Rosati, G., „A Rare Formula on A Thirteenth Dynasty Stela‟, in: Maree, M., The

Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth–Seventeenth Dynasties) Current Research,

Future Prospects, OLA 192, Paris, (2010), 85-90.

- Saied, M., Götterglauben und Gottheiten in der Vorgeschichte und Frühzeit Ägyptens,

Doktorarbeit, Kairo-Uni, (1997).

- Satzinger, H., „Beobachtungen zur Opferformel: Theorie and Praxis‟, in: LingAeg 5,

(1997), 177-188.

- Scott, N., „Our Egyptian Furinture‟, The Mertropolitan Museum of Art Bullitan 24,

N.4, (1965), 129-150.

- Selim, S., „The Stela of Hr-wDAw in the Cairo Museum (JE 41332)‟, in: SAK 28,

(2000), 243- 256.

- Sethe, K., Altägyptische Pyramiden Text, 2 Bde, Leipzig, (1908).

- Smith, S.,The Fortress of Buhen. The Inscriptions. EES, Excavation Memoir 48,

London, (1976).

- Stefanovic, D., „The Late Middle Kingdom stela of the staff of provisioning sector

(Sna) (Musées d'art et d'histoire, Genève 6875) ‟, in: SAK 39, (2010), 313-319.

- Tomich, A., „Changes in the Htp-dj-nsw Formula in the Late Middle Kingdom and the

Second Intermediate Period‟, in: ZÄS 138, (2011), 20-34.

- ___________,„A twelfth dynasty stela workshop possibly from Saqqara‟, in: JEA 97,

(2011), 117-126.

- __________, From Workshop to Sanctuary: The Production of Late Middle Kingdom

Memorial Stelae, Middle Kingdom Studies 6, London, (2017).

- Vernus, P., „Sur les graphies de la formule “l‟offrande que donne le roi” au Moyen

Empire et à la Deuxième Période Intermédiaire‟, in: St. Quirke (éd.), Middle Kingdom

Studies, New Malden, (1991), 141-152.


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PLATES

Pl. 1: The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232

Copyright: the Egyptian Museum at Cairo

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Pl.2: Facsimile of The stela of Ijj C.G. 10232

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