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Human Body

Investigation 1Bones

Part 1 – Counting BonesDay 1

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Enduring Understanding

Living systems demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function.

This means that the way we use our body is related to how our body is constructed.

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Essential Question

How does structure relate to function in living systems?

We will be able to describe how bones, muscles, and joints function together in humans to enable movement, protection and support

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What We Will Learn

A human body can move in many ways. A skeleton is a system of bones. How many bones there are in the human

skeleton. Bones have several functions: support,

protection, and locomotion.

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Science Vocabulary

bones – the individual parts of a hard interior framework that provide shape and protection for the human body.

cartilage – the rubbery, flexible material that sometimes connects bones and provides shape for some body parts, including the nose and ears.

joint – the place where two bones meet.

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Science Vocabulary

skeleton – the system that includes all of the bones in the body.

skull – the hollow case, made from 18 fused bony plates and 2 jaw bones, that surrounds and protects the brain, inner ears, and eyes.

torso – the main part of the body, including shoulders, chest, abdomen, and hips.

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Introduce the Activity

We are going to study one of the most exquisitely designed machines in the world, a machine that you all own.

The human body is designed for action and movement.

Many parts come into action when we perform different movements.

We are going to start our investigation of the human body by observing it in action.

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Procedure

I have a jump rope for each pair of students. Take turns with your partner jumping rope. When your partner is jumping watch closely to

see which parts of his or her body come into action.

Record your observations by writing down what you see.

Try to discover which parts of the body move when a person jumps rope.

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Discuss Observations

Report on the parts of the body that came into action.

Legs, feet, arms, shoulders, hands, head, eyes, muscles, bones, and lungs (faster breathing.)

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Focus on Bones

Do your bones move when you jump rope? Where are your bones? How can you tell where your bones are? What do you call the whole system of bones? How many bones do you think you have in

your skeleton?

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Count Bones

A skeleton is a system – a system of bones. Count up the bones to find out how many

there are in the human skeleton. Working in groups, each group will be

responsible for counting the bones in one part, or subsystem, of the skeleton.

Later we will add up the subsystem counts to see how many bones are in the whole skeletal system

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Teacher – Assign Students to the following subsystems. Leg (including foot) Arm (including hand) Head or skull (not the neck) Torso (including neck, shoulders, and hips)

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After about 5 minutes

How do your bones feel?

If bones are hard, how do our bodies bend?

Feel your body where two bones come together.

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After about 5 minutes

Bones don’t bend, so places where arms, legs, fingers, and so on bend are places where separate bones come together.

The places where bones come together are called joints.

Where are some of the joints? Return to counting bones.

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Recording Counts

Mangers write the count on a piece of paper and bring it to me so we can record the counts.

Record the results on the chart on the board.

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Refining the Count

How will we know if we missed any bones when we counted?

What could we use to help us find out more about bones.

Look at this photo of a skeleton and ask questions if you have any.

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Skeleton Photograph

Look at the bones that have the function of support, protection, and movement.

Notice the different sizes and shapes of the bones in the legs, arms, ribs, and backbone.

Look at the jointed areas that allow the skeleton to bend.

Notice the similarities between the arm and leg bones.

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Recount with Bone Posters

Examine the posters.

Each group will fill in the section of the Counting Bones Sheet under their group’s subsystem heading as they recount the bones.

Getters get the poster for your group and one copy of the Counting Bones sheet to record your group’s bone count.

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Break Point

Tomorrow we will continue counting bones.

Recorders put the Counting Bones Sheet in your science folder for use tomorrow.

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Science Vocabulary Review

bones – the individual parts of a hard interior framework that provide shape and protection for the human body.

cartilage – the rubbery, flexible material that sometimes connects bones and provides shape for some body parts, including the nose and ears.

joint – the place where two bones meet.

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Science Vocabulary Review

skeleton – the system that includes all of the bones in the body.

skull – the hollow case, made from 18 fused bony plates and 2 jaw bones, that surrounds and protects the brain, inner ears, and eyes.

torso – the main part of the body, including shoulders, chest, abdomen, and hips.

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What We Learned

A human body can move in many ways. A skeleton is a system of bones. There are about 206 bones in the human

skeleton. Bones have several functions: support,

protection, and locomotion.

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What We Will Learn Tomorrow

A skeleton is a system of bones. There are about 206 bones in the human

skeleton. Bones have several functions: support,

protection, and locomotion.