sharing economy and makers

Sharing Economy and Makers

William El Kaim Oct. 2016 - V 2.0

This Presentation is part of the

Enterprise Architecture Digital Codex

http://www.eacodex.com/Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 2

http://www.eacodex.com/

Plan

The Sharing Economy

• Crowdsourcing

• DIY – Do It Yourself

• Conclusion

Copyright © William El Kaim 2016 3

Sharing Economy: Why?

• The sharing economy is gaining momentum in ways that potentially hold the

keys for the future.

• also called collaborative consumption and the collaborative economy

• At a basic level, sharing is one of the oldest behaviors known to humans.

• It is natural and intuitive; humanity has been doing it throughout history thanks to a

variety of motivations.

• When combined with the power of new technologies collaborative models of

consumption, production and marketplace creation stand to reinvent and

redefine these timeless behaviors on a scale and in ways never possible

before.

• The sharing economy focuses on efficient and sustainable resource use by

individuals, companies, and governments.

4Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

Business Disruption at Its Heart

• Consumers don't need

to continually buy from

companies, as they

are sharing, renting,

lending, goods &

services among

themselves


Market Forces Driving The Collaborative Economy


Increase in Earth PopulationMassive China and India are at 17% and 30% population growth rates, respectively, America at 22% citing wikipedia.

Strained ResourcesGeneral sentiment that Earth resources are finite and the cost to retrieve more costs more than re-using. Those with less money are more inclined to trade, or activate their inventory for revenue.

Economic DisparitiesWhere there is a divided between have and have not, these sharing systems naturally seek to shift resources

Excess or Idle InventoryOne of the root causes of this movement is idle resources sitting by the wayside can be shared and often monetizes

Inaccessible LuxuriousThose who can’t afford it, can now rent it. “Access is more important than ownership”

Influx of VC FundingStartup investors have put billions into this market of fresh new startups, our research shows that within 200 startups there has been over $2 billion of funding.

Sharing Economy: Economic Drivers


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth

Redefinition of Social Links and Trust

• Social technologies are becoming a powerful social matrix

• a key piece of organizational infrastructure that links and engages employees,

customers, and suppliers as never before.

• So the main real benefit of collaborative consumption turns out to be social.

• Sharing things (even with strangers we've just met online) allows us to make meaningful

connections.

• Peer-to-peer sharing "involves the re-emergence of community," says Rachel Botsman,

co-author of What's Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. "This works

because people can trust each other."

• We yearn to trust and be trusted

• Internet used to match millions of haves with millions of wants through

explosion of peer-to-peer (P2P) commerce


The tide of trust is turning!

• Trust and reputation are essential

for the sharing economy.

• Trust is the social glue that

enables collaborative

consumption marketplaces and

the sharing economy to function

without friction.

• Reputation comes from the trust

of people and develops over time

as people interact in a repeated

and consistent manner with one

another.


http://www.betrustman.com/#about-framework

http://www.betrustman.com/#about-framework

New Economic Models Emerge

• Change your consumption habits to influence policy

• Choices we make at the cash register can change our lives and the world.

• Just as an engaged citizen is essential to an effective democracy, an engaged consumer

is the key to a sustainable free market.

• Do not buy anymore! Rent, Share …

• Establish relationships that are based on trust, reliability and quality with your “extended”

networks

• The Collaborative Economy is an economic model where ownership and

access are shared between corporations, startups, and people.

• This results in market efficiencies that bear new products, services, and business

growth.

• No amount of marketing will force a customer to buy something that can be

shared.


Sharing Economy Examples


Public Innovation and “Shareable Cities”

• The sharing economy provides myriad avenues for public innovation and

benefits for the public sector as a whole.

• Examples include Good Gym, Southwark Circle, city-sponsored bike sharing programs

and a variety of open government data initiatives.

• Cities are arguably the largest single beneficiary, as collaborative

consumption and technology can help redefine public services, infrastructure

and civic engagement.

• Collaborative Consumption is Good for your community, your business and

the planet!

• More on: http://www.collaborativeconsumption.com/


http://www.goodgym.org/

http://www.southwarkcircle.org.uk/

http://www.collaborativeconsumption.com/

Seoul: The self-proclaimed “sharing city”

• The Seoul Metropolitan Government has declared the Sharing City as a new

city paradigm.

• On 20 September 2012, the government disclosed its plan for promoting the “Sharing

City Seoul” project, which includes 20 sharing programs and policies for generating or

diffusing infrastructure to promote and enable sharing-based platforms.

• The government believes that focusing on models to promote sharing

provides a new alternative for reform that can “resolve many economic,

social, and environmental issues of the city simultaneously by creating new

business opportunities, recovering trust-based relationships, and minimizing

wastage of resources.”

• Following through on its declarations, the Seoul Metropolitan Government

passed Act No. 5396 (Act for Promoting Sharing) on 31 December 2012.


Example: Incredible Edible

http://www.incredible-edible.info/

Good local food for all:• working together• learning – from field to

classroom to kitchen• supporting local

business


http://www.incredible-edible.info/

Example: Creating Gardens... On Sidewalks

Source: http://www.lagreengrounds.org/ 15Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

http://www.lagreengrounds.org/

Innovative Spirit of Collaborative Consumption

• Marketplaces

• eBay, Craigslist or Etsy

• Start-ups like

• Brooklyn-based Simplist, which helps people rent goods via the Internet.

• Airbnb, which allows people to rent their homes to travelers.

• Social lending (Zopa), or social project funding (Kickstarter)

• Car sharing (Zipcar) or peer-to-peer (Turo ex. RelayRides)

• Others: TaskRabbit, ParkatmyHouse, Zimride, Swap.com, Zilok, Bartercard


http://www.ebay.com/

http://www.craigslist.com/

http://www.etsy.com/

http://www.getsimplist.com/

https://www.airbnb.fr/

http://uk.zopa.com/

http://www.kickstarter.com/

http://www.zipcar.com/

https://turo.com/

http://www.relayrides.com/

http://www.taskrabbit.com/

http://www.parkatmyhouse.com/

http://www.zimride.com/

http://www.swap.com/

http://fr.zilok.com/

http://www.bartercard.com/

Sharing Economy Challenges

• Marketplace creation and critical mass: for sharing economy companies to

succeed, it is essential that they have enough people to participate and

enough supply and demand to provide convenience and choice.

• Legal, regulatory and policy issues: Many existing public policies and laws

can help or hinder the sharing economy. Equally important, many policies

drafted in the ownership era are silent about sharing

• The most contentious issues focus on taxation, insurance, zoning and licensing, and

consumer protection (including personal data) issues.

• Designing for sharing: This has multiple implications for companies including

product development and servicing, branding, marketing, customer loyalty,

innovation strategy and technology investment.


Sharing Economy

Challenges

• Personal data and identity

• Companies must address personal data identity concerns. Who is sharing,? Who is the

owner, etc.

• Cultural barriers

• Sharing economy models will thrive where there is an attitude that deems sharing and

collaboration to be acceptable – and even preferable to – ownership or outright

competition.

• Incumbent backlash

• Given collaborative consumption’s potential to disrupt existing industries and ways of

doing business, it is important for established companies to understand what their

options are and how best to react. There are two typical reactions.


Sharing Economy: Accept Disruption or Outlaw

• Companies see the disruption and, rather than ignoring it or trying to shut it

down, they can embrace the potential for innovation and begin to engage

• in other words, they show some willingness to disrupt themselve

• A good example of this is the automotive industry.

• Traditional car manufacturers have partnered with car sharing companies (GM and

RelayRides) and developed their own car sharing initiatives (BMW, Daimler)

• while ride sharing services can work with taxi cab companies to maximize utilization of

unused cabs (Uber).

• They have begun to look at a future in which customers are more interested

in having access to “mobility services” than owning a car, and developing

offerings accordingly.


Sharing Economy: Accept Disruption or Outlaw

• In the other case, established companies have been using collective efforts

to outlaw sharing economy-focused and P2P models.

• Requires some lobbying and tentative to not pay anymore taxes or to get rid of some

regulatory rules imposed to their domain

• The hotel industry falls into this category.

• They often focus on issues such as taxation of residents or instituting

minimum stay requirements for people using P2P accommodation platforms

(which would not apply in a hotel setting).

• These efforts tend to be highly reactive and focused on short-term

unknowns, rather than looking at long-term cues and drivers of why people

opt into P2P platforms such as proximity, accessibility, affordability, and

uniqueness of the asset.


Plan

• The Sharing Economy

Crowdsourcing


• Conclusion


Crowdsourcing Industry Landscape


Crowdsourcing Usage

• Solution Finding

• This is where you use a crowd to solve a complex problem.

• InnoCentive and BrightIdea are two platforms that help` companies solve these types of

problems (the latter is the engine behind GE’s ecoimagination initiative).

• Opinion Seeking

• Crowds can be used, of course, to provide input and suggestions on how to improve

your product.

• SurveyMonkey is a low-end version of this in action.

• MyStarbucksIdea.com is a more sophisticated version that runs on SalesForce.com’s

“ideas” platform.


Crowdsourcing Usage

• Content Creation – Want to create an advertisement for your company but

don’t want to hire a single design agency? Why not hire the world?

• Platforms like Tongal help companies crowdsource the creation of videos.

• News broadcasters are also doing this to help collect videos from individuals who shoot

newsworthy footage on their iPhone.

• Design Competitions

• Need a new logo? You don’t need to hire just one person from an agency or

eLance.com, you can use 99designs.com or logotournament.com to get hundreds of

designs for the price of one.

• You select the one logo you like and pay only that one designer.


User Generated Content & Publishing

http://bakerframework.com/26Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

http://bakerframework.com/

Collaborative Maps

http://www.collaborativemap.org/


https://www.openstreetmap.org/about

http://www.collaborativemap.org/

https://www.openstreetmap.org/about

Creative Co-creation

• Spreadshirt – shirt community

• Threadless – create and sell your t-shirts

• cafepress – shop, create or sell what’s on your mind

• zazzle – create and sell products

• Artistshare – fans funding new artists

• Quirky – community product development

• jovoto – co-creation & mass collaboration

• Quirky + GE - co-creating platform by quirky & GE

• Userfarm - co-creating platform for Video makers


http://www.spreadshirt.de/

http://www.threadless.com/

http://www.cafepress.com/

http://www.zazzle.com/

http://www.artistshare.com/

http://www.quirky.com/

http://www.jovoto.com/

http://www.quirky.com/ge

http://www.userfarm.com/en

Crowdsourcing Usage

• Marketing, Design & Idea Platforms

• Guerra Creativa – crowdsourcing anything creative

• Brand Tags – tagging brands

• Battle of concepts – student challenges

• crowdSPRING – creative designs

• Collective Intelligence & Prediction Platforms

• Lumenogic - collective intelligence markets

• Ushahidi – crowdsourcing crisis information

• Kaggle – data mining and forecasting

• Google Image Labeler – crowdsourced image labeling


http://en.guerra-creativa.com/

http://www.brandtags.net/

http://battleofconcepts.nl/

http://www.crowdspring.com/

http://www.newsfutures.com/

http://ushahidi.com/

http://kaggle.com/

http://images.google.com/imagelabeler/

Crowdsourcing Usage

• Data Collection

• This is a growing area of crowd sourcing.

• Instead of sending your employees out to inspect buildings, shelves in super markets, or

potentially even read meters, get anyone to do it.

• For example, when someone is in a supermarket, have them snap a picture of your

product on the shelves. This gives you insights into stocking levels and product

placement, and the GPS tracking will give you the location without the need for tagging.

• Think of this as more data for your big data.

• Testing

• Do you have something you want to test? uTest is a great platform for this.

• You can get hundreds of people banging on your system to stress it and test it.


Crowdsourcing Usage

• Manual Tasks

• This is outsourcing on steroids. Break up your work into bite-sized chunks and get

people to do these activities for pennies.

• There are many platforms for doing this in all shapes and sizes.

• Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk is an example of this. .

• Customer service

• What if you could get your fans to be customer service employees?

• Platforms like CrowdEngineering.com allow your most knowledgable customers to

provide help to your entire customer base.

• If your customers have a technical problem, instead of speaking to an employee, they

can be routed to one of these knowledgable fans.

• Think of this is a virtual “geek squad” or “genius bar.”


Crowd Sourcing Usage

• Programming

• TopCoder is truly amazing. They have nearly a half million programmers, designers,

testers and program managers who compete to create wireframes, designs, code, and

algorithms, and then test everything for customers.

• Crowd Funding

• Need money for an initiative or cause? Crowdfunding may be the way.

• latforms like kickstarter.com enable people to raise money for their projects.

• There are platforms for raising money for non-profits.

• And now there is the emerging version which can allow for micro-angel investing.


Crowd Funding

https://www.windowschipin.com/ 33Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

https://www.windowschipin.com/

Plan


• Crowdsourcing

DIY – Do It Yourself

• Conclusion

• Resources


Makers … Not Buyer Anymore

• The maker movement empowers people to build

their own products, and share with each other, rather

than buying from brands

• The Internet democratized knowledge

• Social Media empowered crowd

• Collaborative Economy endows crowd to buy once,

share many

• Maker Movement aims at buying from brands no more.


• First plastic real Gun created by a 3D printer in Q1 2013.

• 3D printer and living "ink" create cartilage


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RgI_bcETkM

36

http://www.woma.fr/fr

Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

http://www.woma.fr/fr

Maker Future …

Fewer manufactured goods

• “Things” will no longer be manufactured and shipped to customers.

• Instead, you’ll purchase designs for everything from glasses to housing, and

the input costs of having them printed on site will be cheaper than the current

supply-chain process we have today.

• Once it becomes more cost-efficient to build this way (and it will) you’ll have

an ‘app store’ of objects you can download and print out at your leisure.

• This could will be the biggest revolution since the Internet itself.

• According to a report by the McKinsey Global Institute, “3D printing could generate

economic impact of $230 billion to $550 billion per year by 2025, and the largest source

of potential impact among sized applications would be from consumer uses, followed by

direct manufacturing and the use of 3D printing to create tools and molds.”


http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_technologies

No knowledge of 3D? No problem

3D Scanning

• With 3D scanning becoming available to the masses, even you and me will

be creating 3D content soon.

• Manctl a French startup is building a 3D scanner in the form of a piece of software.

• Skanect transforms your Microsoft Kinect or Asus Xtion camera into an ultra-low cost

scanner able to create 3D meshes out of real scenes in a few minutes.

• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9URIR-dEWBM

• MakerBot created a Digitizer Now Available for sale


http://skanect.manctl.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9URIR-dEWBM

https://store.makerbot.com/digitizer

MakerBot’s Digitizer


Video

http://www.youtube.com/embed/9GfnKKczec0?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&showsear

MakerBot Product Line (Jan. 2014)


Sketchfab, The "YouTube Of 3D Content"

• Sketchfab makes it easy to share 3D models on the web by embedding their

viewer on any web page, which brings good traffic to the platform.

• It’s just like YouTube, but for 3D files.

• Models of futuristic cars are always popular: BMW i8

• Sketchfab just works because it only uses standards that are built in modern

browsers

• HTML5 and WebGL for real-time 3D in the browser

• The main downside is that WebGL isn’t activated yet on mobile Safari on iOS.


https://sketchfab.com/show/fQHC8WR3Cmn94rexphkc5dT44vk

Sketchfab


Alternatives For Viewing 3D Content

• There are alternatives for viewing 3D content on the web, such

as Unity or Flash’s Stage3D, but they all require a plug-in install.

• WebGL/JavaScript frameworks such as Three.js, a “lightweight 3D library

with a very low level of complexity

• Cédric Pinson, the co-founder and CTO of Sketchfab, created an alternative

WebGL framework called OSG.JS, on which the Sketchfab viewer is based.

• Compared to other frameworks, OSG.JS allows lower-level programming (control over

WebGL buffers for instance). It is a JavaScript port of OpenSceneGraph, an open source

project that Cédric also maintains.


http://unity3d.com/

http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplayer/stage3d.html

http://osgjs.org/

http://www.openscenegraph.org/

3D Printers

Amazon Link47Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

http://www.amazon.com/b/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&linkCode=ur2&node=6066126011&pf_rd_i=16310091&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_p=1549306462&pf_rd_r=73842A84C5804965A277&pf_rd_s=merchandised-search-leftnav&pf_rd_t=101&tag=notcot-20

UPS Stores Launch 3D Printing for Small

Businesses

• The franchise retail division of UPS announced that it is offering 3D printing

capabilities at some of its locations.

• UPS Stores will be equipped with a uPrint SE Plus 3D printer.

• These units can print up to nine colors and are capable of creating usable prototypes.

Stratasys, the company that makes the printer, says it uses ABSplus thermoplastic to build its

3D renderings.

• Video


http://www.pressroom.ups.com/Press+Releases/Current+Press+Releases/The+UPS+Store+Makes+3D+Printing+Accessible+to+Start-Ups+and+Small+Business+Owners

http://stratasys.com/3d-printers/idea-series/uprint-se-plus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=aI1UKfO2eiU


• Shapeways

• Provides consumers with a couple options. If you don't find the cool gadget you're

looking for in the online shop, you can upload a design of your 3D model for printing.

• Continuum

• Looking for a custom piece to add to your wardrobe? Continuum has a 3D-printed shoe

collection, bikinis and a "user-generated little black dress collection.” You can also print

photos and patterns onto fabric using a large inkjet printer.

• 123D

• 123D apps let you start the design process from scratch, or you can browse through

thousands of free 3D models. Then, you can take the model and modify it to add

features, colors and other forms of customization. Once you have a design ready, you

can choose to print through 123D's partners, or if you happen to have a 3D printer, do it

yourself.


http://www.shapeways.com/

http://mashable.com/2012/05/08/3d-printer-creations/

http://www.continuumfashion.com/index.html

http://mashable.com/2012/07/17/3d-printing-continuum-fashion/

http://www.123dapp.com/


• iMaterialise

• This 3D printing service focuses on higher-quality and optimal choices for designers.

Consumers can choose among material options, such as titanium, bronze, gold and

stainless steel, among others.

• Upload your own design or browse the gallery for items for sale or inspiration.

• Snapily

• If you were looking for the other kind of 3D gift, Snapily transforms standard photo cards

into holographic 3D cards


http://i.materialise.com/

http://www.snapily.com/

Ask Somebdoy to “Make” for You!

http://www.custommade.com/ 53Copyright © William El Kaim 2016

http://www.custommade.com/

Example: Burning Man Event

• Burning Man is a week-long annual event held in the Black Rock Desert in

northern Nevada, in the United States.

• The event begins on the last Monday in August, and ends on the first

Monday in September, which coincides with the American Labor

Day holiday.

• http://www.burningman.com/

• http://www.burningmanproject.org/

• Burning Man Time Lapse Video

• http://axelletess.tumblr.com/post/40857287826/time-lapse-video-of-burning-man-2012-a-

miniature


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_Day

http://www.burningman.com/

http://www.burningmanproject.org/

http://axelletess.tumblr.com/post/40857287826/time-lapse-video-of-burning-man-2012-a-miniature

Plan


• Crowdsourcing


Conclusion


Collaborative Consumption (21th Century) vs.

Hyper Consumption (20th Century)

• The ownership society was rotting from the inside out• Its demise began with Napster. The digitalization of music and the ability to share it

made owning CDs superfluous.

• Collaboration within the Global Village• With unbounded marketplace for efficient peer to peer exchanges of

space/stuff/skills/relationships/time and services between producer/consumer, seller/buyer, lender/borrower, and neighbors.

• Access instead of ownership.• Collaborative Consumption is disrupting outdated modes of business and reinventing not

just what we consume but how we consume.

• Describes the rapid explosion in traditional sharing, bartering, lending, trading, renting, gifting, and swapping reinvented through network technologies on a scale and in ways never possible before

• Primacy of experience over “more stuff”.



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